WO2014092171A1 - 電気的接点部材および検査用接続装置 - Google Patents
電気的接点部材および検査用接続装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014092171A1 WO2014092171A1 PCT/JP2013/083400 JP2013083400W WO2014092171A1 WO 2014092171 A1 WO2014092171 A1 WO 2014092171A1 JP 2013083400 W JP2013083400 W JP 2013083400W WO 2014092171 A1 WO2014092171 A1 WO 2014092171A1
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- electrical contact
- contact member
- metal element
- carbon coating
- containing carbon
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/06—Measuring leads; Measuring probes
- G01R1/067—Measuring probes
- G01R1/06711—Probe needles; Cantilever beams; "Bump" contacts; Replaceable probe pins
- G01R1/06755—Material aspects
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/04—Housings; Supporting members; Arrangements of terminals
- G01R1/0408—Test fixtures or contact fields; Connectors or connecting adaptors; Test clips; Test sockets
- G01R1/0416—Connectors, terminals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of measuring instruments, e.g. of probe tips
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2851—Testing of integrated circuits [IC]
- G01R31/2886—Features relating to contacting the IC under test, e.g. probe heads; chucks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/06—Contacts characterised by the shape or structure of the contact-making surface, e.g. grooved
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/06—Measuring leads; Measuring probes
- G01R1/067—Measuring probes
- G01R1/06711—Probe needles; Cantilever beams; "Bump" contacts; Replaceable probe pins
- G01R1/06733—Geometry aspects
- G01R1/06738—Geometry aspects related to tip portion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
- H01H2300/036—Application nanoparticles, e.g. nanotubes, integrated in switch components, e.g. contacts, the switch itself being clearly of a different scale, e.g. greater than nanoscale
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical contact member and a connection device for inspection having the electrical contact member.
- An electrical contact member (contact terminal) used in the inspection connecting device is brought into contact with the electrode of the semiconductor element to inspect its electrical characteristics.
- the electrical contact member has not only good conductivity (low contact resistance value), but also excellent durability to such an extent that it will not be worn or damaged by repeated contact with the electrode as the subject. It is required to have.
- the contact resistance value of the electrical contact member is generally set to 100 m ⁇ or less, but may deteriorate from several hundred m ⁇ to several ⁇ by repeated inspection with the subject. Therefore, conventionally, cleaning and replacement of electrical contact members have been performed regularly, but these significantly reduce the reliability of the inspection process and the operating rate of the connecting device for inspection.
- the development of electrical contact members that do not decrease the contact resistance value is underway.
- the electrode as the specimen is composed of solder, tin (Sn) plating, etc., since the solder and tin are soft, the surface of the electrode is scraped by contact with the electrical contact member, and the debris is electrically removed. It tends to adhere (adhere) to the tip of the contact member.
- the attached solder and tin are easily oxidized, and the contact resistance of the electrical contact member is increased.
- the contact resistance increases due to an influence such as insufficient contact with the counterpart electrode due to a physical obstacle such as adhered tin. Therefore, it is difficult to stably keep the contact resistance value of the electrical contact member at a low level.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an amorphous hard film mainly composed of carbon or carbon and hydrogen.
- This hard coating has a range of 0.001 to 40 atomic% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Au, Pt, and Ag as impurity elements other than carbon and hydrogen.
- V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Au, Pt, and Ag as impurity elements other than carbon and hydrogen.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a probe made of tungsten or rhenium tungsten. This probe has tungsten, molybdenum, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, chromium, palladium, rhodium, iron, indium, tin, lead, aluminum, tantalum, titanium, copper, manganese at least at the tip of the contact portion on the tip side. A DLC (Diamond Like Carbon) film containing at least one metal selected from platinum, bismuth, zinc and cadmium in the range of 1 to 50% by mass is formed. According to the probe having the above-described configuration, it is described that aluminum scrap hardly adheres even when repeatedly contacted with an aluminum electrode, and the contact resistance can be stabilized low without frequent cleaning work.
- DLC Diamond Like Carbon
- Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 the smoothness (roughness) of the surface of the electrical contact member that contacts the electrode and the smoothness (roughness) of the metal element-containing carbon coating formed on the uppermost surface are disclosed. It is described that it is effective in reducing Sn adhesion.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a contact terminal that contacts an electrode of a semiconductor device.
- the maximum height Ry of the surface roughness of the contact portion of the contact terminal with the electrode is controlled to 10 ⁇ m or less. It is described that the maximum height Ry can be achieved by mechanical / chemical polishing or dry polishing of the contact terminal substrate surface. Further, a carbon film containing a metal element is formed on the uppermost surface. However, the surface roughness of the carbon coating is assumed to reflect the shape of the substrate surface, and the influence of the surface properties of the carbon coating itself on tin agglomeration has not been studied.
- Patent Document 4 is an improved technique of Patent Document 3 above. That is, Patent Document 4 states that “when a coating film is formed on a substrate, the surface properties of the coating film affect tin adhesion, and the surface roughness satisfies Ry of 10 ⁇ m or less as in Patent Document 3”. In this region, the present invention has been completed based on the knowledge that tin adhesion becomes a problem depending on the conditions at the time of preparing the coating film. In Patent Document 4, attention has been paid to the influence of the surface property of the fine region of the coating on the tin adhesion resistance, which has not been studied, and tin resistance is controlled by controlling the surface property parameter of the fine region of the coating. It is described that the adhesion is improved.
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the amorphous carbon-based conductive film formed on the surface of the conductive substrate is 6.0 nm or less, and the square root slope (R ⁇ q).
- Ra the surface roughness of the amorphous carbon-based conductive film formed on the surface of the conductive substrate
- R ⁇ q square root slope
- Japanese Patent No. 3336682 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-289874 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-24613 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-64497
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 it is expected that an electrical contact member that can withstand repeated inspection at room temperature will be provided.
- the use environment of the electrical contact member is various, and the electrical contact member may be used at a high temperature severer than room temperature.
- the electrical contact member is used for repeated inspection at a high temperature of about 85 ° C.
- an electrode member such as Sn heated to a high temperature comes into contact with the electrical contact member.
- the adhesion rate is significantly increased, and the electrical contact member is significantly improved in electrical conductivity.
- the techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 4 described above have not been studied from this viewpoint.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to realize low adhesion to a specimen (for example, solder, Sn, Al, Pd, etc.) and increase contact resistance over a long period of time. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrical contact member that can be stably suppressed and a connection device for inspection having the same. The object of the present invention is to realize low adhesion to a specimen and to suppress an increase in contact resistance even after repeated contact at a high temperature of about 85 ° C. It is an object to provide an electrical contact member capable of maintaining a mechanical contact, and a test connection device having the electrical contact member.
- the electrical contact member of the present invention that has solved the above problem is an electrical contact member that repeatedly contacts the subject, and the surface of the electrical contact member that contacts the subject contains a metal element.
- the metal element-containing carbon coating is composed of a metal element-containing carbon coating, and the surface roughness Ra1 of the metal element-containing carbon coating formed on the inclined surface that forms 45 ° with respect to the axis of the electrical contact member. It has a gist where it is below a certain value.
- the Ra1 is 2.7 nm or less.
- the metal element-containing carbon coating has a thickness of 50 nm or more and 5000 nm or less.
- the metal element contained in the metal element-containing carbon coating is tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, titanium, chromium, palladium, rhodium, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium. , At least one selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel.
- the subject to be examined contains Sn or Sn alloy.
- the present invention also includes an inspection connecting device having a plurality of the electrical contact members described above.
- the electrical contact member of the present invention is a metal formed on an inclined surface that forms an angle of 45 ° with respect to the axis of the electrical contact member with respect to the metal element-containing carbon coating that constitutes the surface of the electrical contact member that contacts the subject.
- the surface roughness Ra1 of the element-containing carbon coating is below a certain value. Therefore, in particular, it is possible to realize low adhesion to the subject even after repeated contact at a high temperature of about 85 ° C., and to suppress an increase in contact resistance. As a result, stable electrical contact can be maintained over a long period of time.
- FIG. 1 is a partial view showing a state when the tip of an electrical contact member and a subject (Sn electrode) are in contact with each other.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of the inclined surface and the surface roughness Ra1 when the angle of the inclined surface with respect to the axis of the electrical contact member is variously changed in the range of 0 to 90 °.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the tip portion of the electrical contact member preferably used in the present invention that contacts the subject.
- the present inventors have studied from the viewpoint of providing an electrical contact member that can be used even in harsh situations such as in a high temperature test environment, which has not been sufficiently studied by conventional electric contact member related technology. It was. In the examination, the investigation was conducted mainly on the surface properties of the metal element-containing carbon coating constituting the uppermost surface (outermost surface) of the electrical contact member. As a result, the inventors of the present invention, for example, as in Patent Document 4 above, the surface roughness of the metal element-containing carbon coating formed on the surface perpendicular to the axis of the electrical contact member (see Ra2 in Table 2 described later) ), The surface roughness Ra1 (see FIG. 1 to be described later) of the metal element-containing carbon film formed on the inclined surface forming 45 ° with respect to the axis of the electrical contact member is below a certain value. The present invention has been completed by finding that it is effective to make it smaller.
- the electrical contact member of the present invention is an electrical contact member that repeatedly contacts the subject, and the surface of the electrical contact member that contacts the subject is a metal element-containing carbon coating containing a metal element. It consists of And about the said metal element containing carbon film, the surface roughness Ra1 of the metal element containing carbon film formed in the inclined surface which makes 45 degrees with respect to the axis line of the said electrical contact member is below a fixed value, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. There is. According to the present invention, it is possible to realize low adhesion to a subject even after repeated contact at a high temperature of about 85 ° C., and to suppress an increase in contact resistance.
- the increase in contact resistance can be suppressed even after repeated high-temperature inspection means that the contact resistance value after contacting the Sn electrode 10,000 times at 85 ° C. as described in the examples described later. Is 100 m ⁇ or less.
- the “metal element-containing carbon coating” means a coating containing at least a metal element in the carbon coating.
- the metal adhesion layer (Cr, Ni) does not contain carbon (C) other than inevitable mixing, and therefore is not included in the “metal element-containing carbon coating” in the present invention.
- the mixed layer (Cr + C + W) contains carbon (C), it is included in the “metal element-containing carbon coating” in the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a partial view showing a state when the tip of an electrical contact member and a subject (such as a Sn electrode) are in contact with each other.
- a subject such as a Sn electrode
- the electrical contact member is brought into contact with the Sn electrode so as to deform and bite a part of the Sn electrode.
- the Sn adhesion of the electrical contact member has been evaluated on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the electrical contact member (region Ra2 in the figure).
- the “surface perpendicular to the axis of the electrical contact member” means, for example, a portion (such as a sharp tip of the electrical contact member) that is in direct contact with the counterpart electrode material that is the subject (facing the counterpart electrode. Means the part in contact with the material.
- the counterpart electrode material is an Sn alloy
- the Sn alloy is deformed during contact, and an inclined inclined surface (that is, other than a surface perpendicular to the axis of the electrical contact member) that continues from the tip of the electrical contact member.
- the Sn alloy also adheres to the portion that is or can be in contact with the Sn alloy.
- Sn adheres from an inclined surface (in particular, an inclined surface inclined by about 45 ° with respect to the axis) rather than a surface perpendicular to the axis of the electrical contact member. Found out to start.
- the present inventors examined factors affecting the Sn adhesion on the inclined surface from the viewpoint of suppressing the Sn adhesion on the inclined surface.
- the relationship between the angle of the inclined surface and the surface roughness of the inclined surface will be described as follows.
- a carbon film is formed by a sputtering method or a vacuum film formation method by CVD
- the film on the surface facing the plasma is smooth with high quality, but the film on the surface not facing the plasma is hardly smoothed.
- the carbon film formed by the sputtering method has an inclination angle of about 0 to 30 ° from the facing surface (that is, the angle of the inclined surface with respect to the axis of the electrical contact member is 90 °). Up to about 60 °), the smoothness is almost the same.
- the inclination angle exceeds that, the smoothness sharply decreases, and the surface roughness is remarkably increased. Became.
- FIG. 2 and Table 1 show the relationship between the angle of the inclined surface and the surface roughness Ra1 when the angle of the inclined surface with respect to the axis of the electrical contact member is variously changed in the range of 0 to 90 °. It is the graph and table
- a flat single crystal silicon substrate is prepared by simulating the surface of the contact probe and facing each target. The film was deposited after being placed and held at an angle of 0 to 90 °.
- Ni was deposited to 50 nm and Cr was deposited to 50 nm in this order on the silicon substrate.
- Detailed sputtering conditions are as follows. The distance between each target and the silicon substrate is 55 mm. Ultimate vacuum: 6.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa Target: Ni target and Cr target Target size: ⁇ 6inch Ar gas pressure: 0.18 Pa Input power density: 8.49 W / cm 2 Substrate bias: 0V
- a mixed layer of carbon containing Cr and W was formed to 100 nm on the Cr film. Specifically, in this mixed layer, the ratio of carbon containing Cr and W by gradually changing the power to be applied to each target (Cr target and composite target having a W chip mounted on the carbon target). Changed.
- the present invention defines the surface roughness in the inclined region based on such knowledge, and adopts a value of 45 ° with respect to the axis of the electrical contact member as the angle defining the inclined surface. I made it.
- the electrical contact member is inspected for an electronic component by bringing its tip (or the top of each protrusion when the tip has a split shape) into contact with the Sn electrode as the subject. At that time, in order to secure a contact area between the electrical contact member and the Sn electrode to some extent, it is common to make contact with a part of the Sn electrode so as to be deformed and bitten (see FIG. 1 described above). ). In order to inspect a large number of electronic components, the electrical contact member is repeatedly contacted and energized with the Sn electrode, so that the Sn electrode material gradually adheres to the energized location. An effective contact area with the electrical contact member is not ensured by the oxide film obtained by oxidizing the deposit. If such a state is maintained as it is, it is considered that the contact resistance value fluctuates.
- the adhesion force on the inclined surface to which the Sn electrode material easily adheres becomes small.
- the electrode material discharged from the surface perpendicular to the axis of the electrical contact member is easily discharged from the contact portion without reattaching on the inclined surface. Therefore, a smooth surface is always exposed at the contact portion with the Sn electrode, and a stable contact resistance can be maintained.
- Ra1 is set to a certain value or less. As Ra1 increases, the amount of Sn deposited increases, and the contact resistance after repeated testing at high temperatures increases. For example, as shown in the examples described later, it has been confirmed that the contact resistance after the test increases when Ra1 exceeds 2.7 nm. Therefore, Ra1 is preferably 2.7 nm or less. Ra1 is more preferably 2.5 nm or less, and even more preferably 2.3 nm or less.
- the lower limit of Ra1 is not particularly limited from the above viewpoint, but is preferably about 0.3 nm considering stability at a practical level including a preferable lower limit of Ra2 described later.
- the characteristic part of the present invention is that the Ra1 is appropriately controlled, whereby desired characteristics are effectively exhibited. Furthermore, in order to exhibit the above characteristics more effectively, in the present invention, it is recommended to appropriately control Ra2 in FIG. It is recommended that Ra2 is as small as possible, and preferably appropriately controlled in relation to Ra1. Specifically, although it varies depending on the thickness and type of the metal element-containing carbon coating constituting the electrical contact member, Ra2 is preferably controlled to 1.2 nm or less, for example, and controlled to 0.7 nm or less. More preferably. In addition, it is preferable that the minimum of Ra2 is 0.3 nm, for example.
- the film quality control means of the metal element-containing carbon coating is preferably controlled as follows.
- DC-bias voltage -10 to -200V, for example Reduction of gas pressure: for example, 0.1 to 1 Pa
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the tip portion of the electrical contact member preferably used in the present invention that comes into contact with the subject, and schematically shows the configuration of an embodiment described later.
- the configuration of the present invention is not limited to FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows Cr derived from a lower metal adhesion layer on a metal adhesion layer (without carbon C) containing different metals (Ni and then Cr in FIG. 3) in order from the substrate side as an intermediate layer.
- the structure in which the mixed layer containing C and W derived from a carbon film is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this structure.
- the composition of the metal adhesion layer and the mixed layer is not intended to be limited to the elements shown in FIG.
- a tip portion (usually called a plunger) of an electrical contact member that comes into contact with a subject among the electrical contact members is composed of a carbon coating that is in direct contact with the subject, a substrate, It is divided roughly. Between the base material and the carbon film, an intermediate layer may be formed as shown in FIG. 3 in order to improve the adhesion between them. Also, a plating layer may be formed on the substrate as shown in FIG.
- the carbon coating includes tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), Selected from the group consisting of ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni) It is preferable to contain at least one metal element.
- metal elements are elements that can easily form carbides, and all of them are elements that are uniformly dispersed in the carbon film and stably maintain an amorphous and homogeneous state.
- platinum group elements such as Pd, Rh, Pt, Ru, and Ir are advantageous in that the contact resistance of the carbon film is difficult to change, the dispersion is relatively uniform, and the change in hardness is small.
- the content of the metal element in the carbon film (a single amount when contained alone, and a total amount when containing two or more types) is preferably 2 to 95 atomic%. More preferably, it is ⁇ 90 atomic%.
- the content exceeds the above range, the characteristic of having an amorphous and smooth surface and being hard, which is peculiar to the metal-containing carbon coating, is lost, and the reliability of semiconductor inspection tends to be lowered.
- the content is below the above range, the effect of improving the conductivity due to the addition of metal is not effectively exhibited.
- preferred metal elements are W, Ta, Mo, Nb, Ti, Cr, and the most preferred metal element is W.
- W is a metal widely used in the technical field of the present invention because its carbide is stable.
- a carbon film containing no metal element has an amorphous and smooth surface, and on a flat surface, even if the thickness of the carbon film is increased, the surface roughness is hardly deteriorated.
- the increase in the thickness of the metal element-containing carbon coating reduces the smoothness of the inclined surface and increases the Ra1 defined in the present invention.
- the metal element-containing carbon coating preferably has a predetermined thickness.
- the carbon coating has a higher resistance than metal, and the contact resistance of the electrical contact member is increased. Therefore, in consideration of these, the preferable thickness of the metal element-containing carbon coating is set in the above range.
- the thickness of the metal element-containing carbon coating is more preferably 200 nm or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the characteristic part of the present invention is that the surface property (Ra1, preferably Ra2) of the metal element-containing carbon coating is controlled.
- Other configurations are not particularly limited, and those normally used in the technical field of electrical contact members can be appropriately selected and employed.
- the carbon film in the present invention has high hardness, excellent wear resistance and slidability, and is amorphous over the entire surface of the carbon film. Those are preferred. This is because such a carbon coating does not wear even when contact with the counterpart material is repeated, and the counterpart material does not adhere to it, and since it is amorphous, there is little possibility of increasing surface irregularities. .
- DLC diamond-like carbon
- the metal element-containing carbon coating (and preferably including a metal adhesion layer not containing carbon as shown in FIG. 3) constituting the electrical contact member according to the present invention is formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)). (Vapor Deposition) method), sputtering method, and arc ion plating method (AIP (Arc Ion Platting) method).
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- AIP Arc Ion Platting
- the original properties of the carbon coating include a diamond structure and a graphite structure, and an amorphous structure that is an intermediate structure between the two is desirable in order to obtain sufficient hardness and low electrical conduction.
- Such a structure is most easily obtained by the sputtering method, and hardly contains hydrogen which inhibits electric conduction.
- the base material disposed under the carbon coating is made of beryllium copper (Be—Cu); palladium (Pd), tungsten (W), iridium (Ir), or an alloy thereof in consideration of strength and conductivity. Carbon tool steel and the like are preferably used. If necessary, Au-based plating or the like may be applied on the base material (between the carbon coating and the base material).
- middle layer for improving adhesiveness is formed between the said base material or metal plating (henceforth "base material etc.") and a carbon film.
- the base material and the carbon film are inherently poor in adhesion, and the carbon film has a compressive stress remaining at the time of film formation due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient from the metal constituting the base material and the like. It is because it is easy to peel off at the interface with the substrate.
- a known one can be used.
- the intermediate layer described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-318247 can be referred to.
- the intermediate layer for example, having at least one metal adhesion layer made of a metal having good adhesion to the substrate (for example, Ni) or an alloy thereof; on the metal adhesion layer, the metal adhesion Examples include a layer formed of a mixed layer containing a metal (for example, Ni), a metal element (for example, Pd) included in the carbon coating, and carbon.
- This mixed layer may be an inclined layer in which the carbon content in the mixed layer continues to increase from the substrate side to the carbon coating side.
- the metal used for the metal adhesion layer an appropriate metal may be selected depending on the type of the base material, but it is preferable to use Ni when the base material (particularly plating) is Au-based.
- a mixed layer (Cr + C + Pd) is formed on the metal adhesion layer (Cr), and the concentration of elements in the mixed layer changes stepwise. It is adjusted.
- the stress in the mixed layer also changes stepwise, and the mixed layer can be effectively prevented from peeling off from the substrate.
- Cr and Pd are contained in the mixed layer, the conductivity of the mixed layer is also improved.
- the electrical contact member of the present invention includes a contact probe pin as a typical form, but other forms include, for example, a leaf spring form and other forms. Even in these forms, there may be a portion corresponding to a corner (for example, a corner portion of a leaf spring, a hemispherical protrusion, etc.), and the shearing force as described above may be generated. Also, in the contact probe pins as described above, various shapes of contact portions (portions that come into contact with the subject) are known. For example, the contact probe pins are divided into two, three, or four (or divided). The electrical contact member of the present invention includes any of them.
- solder For the subject (electrode) to be inspected by the electrical contact member of the present invention, solder is usually used.
- the solder basically contains Sn, and this Sn is particularly likely to adhere to the surface of the contact probe pin. Therefore, when the subject is made of Sn or an Sn alloy, the effect is particularly effective when the electrical contact member of the present invention is applied.
- an electrical contact member such as a contact probe that is used to inspect the electrical characteristics of a semiconductor element and repeatedly comes into contact with an object such as an electrode at the tip is obtained.
- an electrical contact member having excellent durability so that the conductivity is not deteriorated even by repeated inspection at a high temperature.
- the present invention also includes an inspection connecting device including the above-described electrical contact member.
- the inspection connecting device include an inspection socket, a probe card, and an inspection unit.
- Example 1 In this example, as shown in Table 2, various sample Nos. 1 to 4 were prepared, Ra1 and Ra2 were measured, and contact resistance after the high temperature test was measured.
- an intermediate layer in FIG. 3, a metal adhesion layer and a mixed layer
- a carbon film for improving adhesion to the substrate were sequentially formed by sputtering as follows.
- 1 has a layer structure of a metal adhesion layer (Ni and Cr), a mixed layer (Cr + C + W), and a carbon coating (C + W) in order from the substrate side.
- a magnetron sputtering apparatus manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used, and a part of the cathode was changed to an unbalanced magnetron (UBM) in which the cathode magnetic field was not balanced.
- UBM unbalanced magnetron
- a carbon (graphite) target, a chromium target, and a nickel target were placed in the magnetron sputtering apparatus, and the contact probe A or B was installed to counter these.
- Each contact probe is arranged so that the portion facing the electrode at the time of use faces the target, and the metal element-containing carbon coating is attached only to the periphery of about 0.3 mm from the portion contacting the electrode. The location was masked with a jig.
- a flat single crystal silicon substrate is prepared by simulating the surface of the contact probe, Arranged to face each other.
- the silicon substrate was held at an angle of 45 ° therefrom, and then a film was formed.
- the silicon substrate is used for the following two reasons.
- A Since the surface roughness Ra of the contact probe is easily affected by the film quality of the metal element-containing carbon coating, the influence of unevenness on the surface of the substrate or the base plating surface is excluded.
- AFM atomic force microscope
- the distance between each target and the contact probe and the distance between each target and the silicon substrate were 55 mm.
- Ni of 50 nm and Cr of 50 nm were formed in this order on the Au-based plating.
- Detailed sputtering conditions are as follows. Ultimate vacuum: 6.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa Target: Ni target and Cr target Target size: ⁇ 6inch Ar gas pressure: 0.18 Pa (as shown in Table 2)
- a mixed layer of carbon containing Cr and W was formed on the Cr film with a thickness of 500 nm.
- the ratio of carbon containing Cr and W is changed by gradually changing the electric power applied to each target (Cr target and a composite target in which a W chip is placed on the carbon target). Changed.
- the mixed layer (Cr + C + W) whose concentration changes stepwise between the metal adhesion layer (Cr) and the carbon coating, the stress in the film also changes stepwise, Peeling can be effectively prevented.
- a carbon film containing W was formed to a thickness of 400 nm [No.
- the film thickness of the metal element-containing carbon film (mixed layer + carbon film including W) in 1 is 900 nm in total, see Table 2].
- Detailed sputtering conditions are as follows.
- a DC-bias voltage was applied throughout the film formation of the carbon film containing W as follows.
- Target Composite target with a W chip mounted on a carbon target Ar gas pressure: 0.18 Pa (as shown in Table 2)
- Target size ⁇ 6inch
- No. 2 No. 2 is the above-mentioned No.2. Similar to 1, the layers have a metal adhesion layer (Ni and Cr), mixed layer (Cr + C + W), and carbon coating (C + W) in order from the substrate side. No. 2 is almost the same as No. 2 above. It was produced by the same method as 1. No. No. 2 above. The difference from 1 is that the Ar gas pressure during the formation of the carbon coating containing W was set to 0.33 Pa (as shown in Table 2), and the base material bias was set to 0 V (no bias voltage was applied). It is.
- No. 3 is the above-mentioned No.3. 1 and no. 2, the layers have a metal adhesion layer (Ni and Cr), a mixed layer (Cr + C + W), and a carbon coating (C + W) in order from the substrate side.
- No. 3 is the above No.3. The difference from 2 is that the film was formed by changing the film formation time so that the total thickness of the metal element-containing carbon film (mixed layer + carbon film including W) was 1500 nm (see Table 2). .
- No. 4 has a layer structure of a metal adhesion layer (Cr), a mixed layer (Cr + C + W), and a carbon coating (C + W) in this order from the substrate side.
- Cr metal adhesion layer
- Cr + C + W mixed layer
- C + W carbon coating
- a Cr layer was formed to a thickness of 50 nm.
- Detailed sputtering conditions are as follows. Ultimate vacuum: 6.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa Target: Cr target Target size: ⁇ 6inch Ar gas pressure: 0.39 Pa (as shown in Table 2) Input power density: 5.66 W / cm 2 Substrate bias: 0V
- a mixed layer of Cr and carbon containing W was formed to a thickness of 100 nm on the Cr film.
- the ratio of carbon containing Cr and W was changed by adjusting the electric power supplied to each target (Cr target and composite target in which a W chip was placed on the carbon target).
- the mixed layer (Cr + C + W) whose concentration changes stepwise between the metal adhesion layer (Cr) and the carbon coating, the stress in the film also changes stepwise, Peeling can be effectively prevented.
- Target Composite target with a W chip mounted on a carbon target Ar gas pressure: 0.39 Pa (as shown in Table 2) Input power density: 5.66 W / cm 2 ) Substrate bias: 0V Target size: ⁇ 6inch
- Ra1 and Ra2 were measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM) apparatus. According to AFM, it is possible to detect even fine irregularities that could not be detected by a laser microscope.
- AFM atomic force microscope
- Ra1 and Ra2 were measured as follows. Using a scanning probe microscope (Scanning Probe Microscope) manufactured by Digital Instruments Inc. Observation mode: Tapping mode AFM Measurement range: 3 ⁇ m ⁇ 3 ⁇ m Measurement atmosphere: air
- Ra1 inclination angle 45 °
- Ra1 inclination angle 45 °
- No. 3 has a Ra1 (tilt angle of 45 °) of 3.32 nm. 1 and No. The contact resistance after the high temperature test was greatly increased. This is no. 3 is No.3. Compared to 1, the metal element-containing carbon film is thicker, and the gas pressure during the formation of the metal element-containing carbon film is high, and no bias voltage is applied. It is guessed that it was because
- No. 2 is the above-mentioned No.2. 3, the bias voltage was not applied and the gas pressure was high. Since it was as thin as 1, it is considered that good characteristics were exhibited.
- No. 4 has a Ra1 (inclination angle of 45 °) of 2.84 nm.
- the contact resistance after the high temperature test was greatly increased.
- the reason is as follows. 4 is No.4.
- the film thickness of the metal element-containing carbon film is the same as that of No. 2, but the gas pressure at the time of forming the metal element-containing carbon film is slightly higher, no UBM cathode is used, and no bias voltage is applied. This is presumed to have been caused by multiple actions.
- For the thickness of the adhesion layer No. No. 4 is 50 nm, and other no. Thinner than 1 to 3 (adhesion layer thickness 100 nm). According to the experiment results of the present inventors, it is confirmed that Ra1 hardly changes and the influence on Ra1 is not substantially observed when the thickness of the adhesion layer is in the range of 50 to 100 nm (Table 1). Not shown).
- Example 2 In this example, the influence of the bias voltage application method applied to the film formation of the carbon film excluding the mixed layer (specifically, the carbon film containing W) on Ra1 (and further Ra2) was examined. .
- the thickness of the carbon film containing W is changed when the DC bias is applied. Details are as follows. No. 1: A bias voltage ( ⁇ 40 V) was applied from the time of forming the carbon film containing W and continued to be applied until the thickness reached 400 nm. Therefore, the thickness when the bias voltage is applied is 400 nm as shown in Table 3. No. 5: The thickness of the carbon coating containing W Similar to 1, it was 400 nm, but the bias voltage was not applied until the thickness of the film reached 360 mm. Then, after applying a bias voltage, a 40 nm film was formed. Therefore, as shown in Table 3, the thickness when the bias voltage is applied is 40 nm.
- Ra1 can also be adjusted appropriately by changing the bias voltage application method.
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Abstract
Description
到達真空度:6.6×10-4Pa
ターゲット:NiターゲットおよびCrターゲット
ターゲットサイズ:φ6inch
Arガス圧:0.18Pa
投入電力密度:8.49W/cm2
基材バイアス:0V
ターゲット:炭素ターゲットにWのチップを載せた複合ターゲット
Arガス圧:0.18Pa
投入電力密度:8.49W/cm2
基材バイアス:-40V
ターゲットサイズ:φ6inch
(a)金属元素含有炭素被膜の膜質制御手段の調整[具体的には、バイアス電圧の印加、ガス圧の低減化、カソードとしてバランスドマグネトロン(BM)でなくアンバランスドマグネトロン(UBM)の採用]
(b)金属元素含有炭素被膜の薄膜化(詳細は後述する)
DC-バイアス電圧:例えば、-10~-200V
ガス圧の低減化:例えば、0.1~1Pa
特に、スパッタリング法は、良質な炭素被膜を形成することから最も好ましい。炭素被膜本来の性質では、ダイヤモンド構造やグラファイト構造があり、充分な硬度と低い電気伝導を得るためには両者の中間的な構造であるアモルファス構造が望ましい。こうした構造はスパッタリング法で最も得られ易く、また電気伝導を阻害する水素の混入も殆ど生じることはない。
例えば後記する実施例では、図3に示すように、金属密着層(Cr)の上に混合層(Cr+C+Pd)を形成し、且つ、当該混合層中の元素の濃度が段階的に変化するように調整している。このような混合層の形成によって混合層中の応力も段階的に変化し、基材から混合層が剥離するのを有効に防止することができる。また、混合層中にCrやPdが含まれているため、混合層の導電性も向上する。
本実施例では、表2に示すように種々の試料No.1~4を作製し、それぞれのRa1およびRa2を測定すると共に、高温試験後の接触抵抗を測定した。
(A)先端部が4分割されたスプリング内蔵プローブ(株式会社ヨコオ製、YPW-6XT03-047)。Be-Cu基材の最表面にAu-Co合金でめっきされたものである。表2では「クラウン」と記載されている。
(B)先端頂点が一つのコンタクトプローブ(株式会社ヨコオ製、YPW-6XA03-062、めっきなどの仕様は上記(A)と同じ)、表2では「ペンシル」と記載されている。
No.1は、前述した図3に示すように、基材側から順に、金属密着層(Ni、およびCr)、混合層(Cr+C+W)、および炭素被膜(C+W)の層構成を有するものである。No.1では、島津製作所製マグネトロンスパッタリング装置を用い、カソードの一部を、カソードの磁場を非平衡にしたアンバランスドマグネトロン(UBM)に変更した。UBMを用いることによって基板近傍のプラズマ密度が増加するため、試料付近までプラズマ領域が拡大され、より高品質な被膜が形成されるようになる。
(a)コンタクトプローブの表面粗さRaは、金属元素含有炭素被膜の膜質の影響を受け易いため、基材表面や下地めっき表面の凹凸による影響を排除するため。
(b)原子間力顕微鏡(AFM、後記するようにRa1およびRa2を測定するために使用)での測定時の技術的な困難性を軽減するため。
到達真空度:6.7×10-4Pa
ターゲット:NiターゲットおよびCrターゲット
ターゲットサイズ:φ6inch
Arガス圧:0.18Pa(表2のとおり)
投入電力密度:8.49W/cm2
基材バイアス:0V
ターゲット:炭素ターゲットにWのチップを載せた複合ターゲット
Arガス圧:0.18Pa(表2のとおり)
投入電力密度:8.49W/cm2
基材バイアス:-40V
ターゲットサイズ:φ6inch
No.2は、上記No.1と同様、基材側から順に、金属密着層(Ni、およびCr)、混合層(Cr+C+W)、および炭素被膜(C+W)の層構成を有する。No.2はほぼ上記No.1と同様の方法で作製した。No.2が上記No.1と異なる点は、Wを含む炭素被膜の成膜時におけるArガス圧を、0.33Pa(表2のとおり)とし、且つ、基材バイアスを0V(バイアス電圧を印加せず)としたことである。
No.3は、上記No.1およびNo.2と同様、基材側から順に、金属密着層(Ni、およびCr)、混合層(Cr+C+W)、および炭素被膜(C+W)の層構成を有する。No.3が上記No.2と異なる点は、金属元素含有炭素被膜(混合層+Wを含む炭素被膜)の膜厚が合計で1500nm(表2を参照)となるように成膜時間を変化させて成膜した点である。
No.4は、基材側から順に、金属密着層(Cr)、混合層(Cr+C+W)、および炭素被膜(C+W)の層構成を有するものである。No.4では、上記No.1~No.3とは異なり、バランスドマグネトロン(BM)のカソードを用いた。
到達真空度:6.7×10-4Pa
ターゲット:Crターゲット
ターゲットサイズ:φ6inch
Arガス圧:0.39Pa(表2のとおり)
投入電力密度:5.66W/cm2
基材バイアス:0V
ターゲット:炭素ターゲットにWのチップを載せた複合ターゲット
Arガス圧:0.39Pa(表2のとおり)
投入電力密度:5.66W/cm2)
基材バイアス:0V
ターゲットサイズ:φ6inch
本実施例では、Ra1およびRa2の測定を、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM(Atomic Force Microscope))装置を用いて行なった。AFMによれば、レーザー顕微鏡では検出できなかった微細な凹凸についても検出できる。
Digital Instruments社製の走査型プローブ顕微鏡(Scanning Probe Microscope)を使用
観察モード:タッピングモードAFM
測定範囲:3μm×3μm
測定雰囲気:大気中
上記のようにして得られた各試料について、85℃に加熱したSn電極(Cu合金の上にSnを10μm程度めっきしたもの)に対して、1万回の接触と通電を行ない、コンタクトプローブ先端へのSn付着による接触抵抗値を測定した。この測定は、Sn電極に2本の線を接続し、またコンタクトプローブの反対側に接触するAu電極にも2本の線を接続し、それぞれ各1本に電流を印加し、残りの各一本間の電圧を測定するいわゆるケルビン接続によりコンタクトプローブ自身+上下電極との接触抵抗+上下電極の内部抵抗を測定し、それ以外の抵抗成分はキャンセルできる方法によって行った。
本実施例では、混合層を除く炭素被膜(具体的には、Wを含む炭素被膜)の成膜の際に印加するバイアス電圧の印加方法が、Ra1(更にはRa2)に及ぼす影響を調べた。
No.1:バイアス電圧(-40V)を、Wを含む炭素被膜の成膜時から印加し、厚みが400nmになるまで印加し続けた。よって、バイアス電圧印加時の厚みは、表3に示すように400nmである。
No.5:Wを含む炭素被膜の厚みは、上記No.1と同様、400nmであるが、バイアス電圧は、上記被膜の厚みが360mmになるまでは印加しなかった。その後、バイアス電圧を印加した上で、40nmの被膜を成膜した。よって、バイアス電圧印加時の厚みは、表3に示すように40nmである。
Claims (6)
- 被検体に繰返し接触する電気的接点部材であって、
前記被検体と接触する前記電気的接点部材の表面は、金属元素を含有する金属元素含有炭素被膜で構成されており、
前記金属元素含有炭素被膜について、前記電気的接点部材の軸線に対して45°をなす傾斜面に形成された金属元素含有炭素被膜の表面粗さRa1が一定の値以下であることを特徴とする電気的接点部材。 - 前記Ra1は2.7nm以下である請求項1に記載の電気的接点部材。
- 前記金属元素含有炭素被膜の厚さは50nm以上、5000nm以下である請求項1または2に記載の電気的接点部材。
- 前記金属元素含有炭素被膜中に含まれる前記金属元素は、タングステン、タンタル、モリブデン、ニオブ、チタン、クロム、パラジウム、ロジウム、白金、ルテニウム、イリジウム、バナジウム、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、およびニッケルよりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種である請求項1または2に記載の電気的接点部材。
- 前記被検体は、SnまたはSn合金からなるものである請求項1または2に記載の電気的接点部材。
- 請求項1または2に記載の電気的接点部材を複数個有する検査用接続装置。
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SG11201503409PA SG11201503409PA (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2013-12-12 | Electrical contact member and inspection connection device |
US14/440,639 US20150301081A1 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2013-12-12 | Electrical contact member and inspection connection device |
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JP2011257385A (ja) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-12-22 | Kobe Steel Ltd | コンタクトプローブ |
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