WO2014090174A1 - 纳米级卡培他滨及其制备方法 - Google Patents
纳米级卡培他滨及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014090174A1 WO2014090174A1 PCT/CN2013/089211 CN2013089211W WO2014090174A1 WO 2014090174 A1 WO2014090174 A1 WO 2014090174A1 CN 2013089211 W CN2013089211 W CN 2013089211W WO 2014090174 A1 WO2014090174 A1 WO 2014090174A1
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- capecitabine
- nanoscale
- silica aerogel
- drying
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- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N Capecitabine Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229960004117 capecitabine Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Capecitabine Natural products C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1C1C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/501—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
- A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
- A61K31/7068—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines having oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. cytidine, cytidylic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the antitumor drug capecitabine, and in particular to a nanoscale capecitabine and a preparation method thereof.
- Capecitabine (trade name: Xeloda) is a novel 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug developed by Roche, Switzerland, which inhibits cell division and interferes with RNA and protein synthesis.
- An oral cytotoxic preparation that selectively acts on tumor cells, which is itself non-cytotoxic, but can be converted into a cytotoxic 5-fluorouracil, which is converted at the site of the tumor by a tumor-associated vascular factor thymocyte phosphorylase.
- 5-fluorouracil to normal human cells is greatly reduced, and the treatment and the treatment of metastatic tumor have better curative effect and strong safety. It is mainly used for the treatment of advanced primary or metastatic breast cancer, rectal cancer, colon cancer and gastric cancer. It is also suitable for further treatment of advanced primary or metastatic breast cancer with paclitaxel and ineffective treatment with anthracycline chemotherapy. treatment.
- capecitabine itself has a targeted therapeutic function, its oral preparations can be more effective than intravenous administration, but in clinical applications, adverse reactions such as: nausea, vomiting, mouth ulcers, abdominal pain, etc. Diarrhea, loss of appetite, and skin changes have also been reported in some patients with transient myelosuppression, impaired liver function, hair loss, increased tears, headache, dizziness, etc. Summary of the invention
- the first object of the present invention is to provide a novel nano-scale capecitab. Bin granules.
- the present invention provides a nano-scale capecitabine granule characterized by: a silica aerogel as a carrier of capecitabine, the porosity of the silica aerogel 95 to 99%, a pore diameter of 10 to 50 nm, a specific surface area of 200 to 1000 m 2 /g, a density of 3 to 300 kg/m 3 , a colloidal particle diameter of 1 to 50 nm, and the capecitabine is adsorbed at The form in the pores of the silica aerogel forms capecitabine particles having a diameter of less than 100 nm.
- the mass ratio of the capecitabine to the silica aerogel is 1:0.5-20.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable oral preparation can be prepared from the above-described nanoscale capecitabine granules.
- the oral preparation is a tablet, a pill, a powder, a capsule, a granule or a suspension.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of the above-described nanoscale capecitabine particles, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
- the silica aerogel described in the step (2) is hydrophobic, it is subjected to heat treatment at 300 to 1000 ° C before the addition of the ethanol solution to make the alkyl group on the surface disappear and hydrophilic.
- the ratio of the mass of the capecitabine to the volume of the anhydrous ethanol is 1:5 to 200.
- the drying in the step (3) is natural drying, oven drying or freeze drying.
- the amount of purified water added in the step (4) is 20 to 200 ml/g of capecitabine.
- the drying in the step (6) is spray drying.
- the present invention successfully prepares nano-scale capecitabine by using silica aerogel as a carrier. Unlike the existing nano-scale capecitabine, the diameter of the nano-scale capecitabine is below 100 nm.
- the nanoscale level of material science is the true sense of nanoscale capecitabine.
- particles smaller than ⁇ are called nanoparticles, it is preferred to develop particles with a particle size of less than 100 nm because these particles exhibit some unique physical properties and thus exhibit potentially different and useful biological properties.
- the optimal particle size of the drug particles that can enter the blood circulation and be absorbed by the body is 10-100 nm, which is limited by the microcirculation of the capillaries of the body and the cell barrier. Therefore, the nanoscale capecitabine of the present invention has a qualitative leap in bioavailability and targeting.
- nano-scale capecitabine particles of the invention can be loaded with more than 90%, which is unmatched by the existing liposome nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, etc., and the drug loading amount can be compared with the nanocrystal form. Drug suspensions are comparable, but the method of production is simpler and less expensive.
- Silica aerogel is not a popular nanoparticle material or nano powder, but it is real. A new nano-sized drug-loading hole structure is now available.
- capecitabine is loaded in numerous nano-scale cavities of silica aerogel to form an independent "nano-dispersion" which does not agglomerate, and the structure is extremely stable, directly It has solved the international problem of preparation of micro-nano drug research because agglomeration cannot be made into medicine, and difficult-to-dissolve drugs are difficult to improve bioavailability.
- Silica aerogel combined with capecitabine drug substance that already has targeted therapeutic function can achieve "double targeting” and “multi-targeting” anti-tumor application, is a true “nano-targeted drug delivery system”", realized the dream of researchers in the field of nanomedicine for more than half a century (nine concept proposed in the 1940s).
- the precursor of the silica aerogel used as a carrier in the nanoscale capecitabine of the present invention is inexpensive, readily available, and has been widely used in medicines and foods, and has been used for many years by national and international standards.
- the silicon-based pharmaceutical edible excipient which is also one of the excipients described in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, is therefore reliable in the safety of the nanoscale capecitabine of the present invention.
- the antitumor effect of the nanoscale capecitabine of the present invention is demonstrated below by an anti-tumor mouse experiment.
- the silica aerogels used in the experiments are all selected from silica aerogels having the following properties: Porosity It is 95 ⁇ 99%, the pore diameter is 10 ⁇ 50nm, the specific surface area is 200 ⁇ 1000m 2 /g, the density is 3 ⁇ 300kg / m 3 , and the colloidal particle diameter of the composition network is l ⁇ 50nm.
- mice were 4 ⁇ 6 mm, grouped according to 5 / group.
- oral bioavailability according to 20% ⁇ 30%, determine the dosing regimen; blank group (only one, for each group reference), Oral Xeloda group, once daily, oral gavage; capecitabine bulk drug group, oral gavage, once a day; nanocapecitabine group, oral gavage, 1 per day Times.
- VIR tumor inhibition rate
- VIR ( 1- ) ⁇ 100%
- Oral Xeloda 400mg/kg A 12.35 45.21 28.2 64.24 53.86 64.17 Oral nanocapecitabine 400mg/kg B 18.74 47.39 54 68.76 63.96 80.72 Note: Oral Xeloda group, continuous administration 14 Day, 2 deaths, 5/group;
- Oral nanocapecitabine group continuous administration for 14 days, no death, 5 / group.
- the anti-tumor drugs should be used as large as possible in order to quickly kill the characteristics of the cancer cells.
- the dosage is designed according to the maximum tolerance (MTD), so that the anti-cancer effect of the positive control commercial drugs reaches the best level.
- MTD maximum tolerance
- the experimental results show that: The same dose comparison product Xeloda and the oral nano-capecitabine of the present invention In the treatment of human metastatic rat cervical cancer Hela experiment, the Xeloda group was severely toxic. In the human metastatic rat gastric cancer MGC-803 experiment, the relative tumor inhibition rate of the oral dose of the nanocapecitabine group was better than that of the Xeloda group. In each group of experiments, the weight of the rats in the Xeloda group decreased significantly.
- Figure 1 is an electron micrograph of a silica aerogel of the present invention
- Figure 2 is an electron micrograph of the capecitabine bulk drug
- Figure 3 is an electron micrograph of nanoscale capecitabine of the present invention
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the relative tumor inhibition rate of human metastatic rat cervical cancer Hela in the results of an anti-tumor mouse experimental study
- Figure 5 is a graph showing the relative tumor inhibition rate of human metastatic mouse breast cancer MCF-7 in the results of an anti-tumor mouse experiment
- Figure 6 is a graph showing the relative tumor inhibition rate of human metastatic rat gastric cancer MGC-803 in an anti-tumor mouse experimental study
- Figure 7 is a graph showing the relative tumor inhibition rate of human metastatic rat colorectal cancer LOVO in the results of an anti-tumor mouse experiment.
- silica aerogels used in the following examples are all selected from silica aerogels having the following characteristics: porosity of 95 to 99%, pore diameter of 10 to 50 nm, and specific surface area of 200 to 1000 m 2 /g.
- the density of the colloidal particles of the network is 3 ⁇ 300kg / m 3 , and the diameter of the colloidal particles is 1 ⁇ 50nm.
- the nanoscale capecitabine of this example was prepared as follows:
- the nanoscale capecitabine of this example was prepared as follows:
- the nanoscale capecitabine of this example was prepared as follows:
- the nanoscale capecitabine of this example was prepared as follows:
- the nanoscale capecitabine of this example was prepared as follows:
- step 3 The solid after lyophilization in step 3 is added to the above ethanol solution of PEG-4000, and emulsified by a emulsification machine for 3 minutes;
- step 6 The emulsion of step 5 is dried in a thermostatic oven at 60 ° C for 12 hours;
- nano-scale capecitabine granules obtained in Examples 1 to 5 were uniformly mixed with an appropriate amount of microcrystalline cellulose, starch and magnesium stearate, and then tableted by a tableting machine to obtain the nano-scale capecitabine tablets of the present invention. Agent.
- nanoscale capecitabine granules obtained in Examples 1 to 5 were directly loaded into a hard gelatin shell to obtain a nano-scale capecitabine capsule of the present invention.
- nanoscale capecitabine granules obtained in Examples 1 to 5 were added to an aqueous solution and stirred to obtain a nano-scale capecitabine suspension of the present invention. This suspension can be administered orally directly.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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- Oncology (AREA)
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
一种纳米级卡培他滨颗粒及其制备方法。该颗粒以二氧化硅气凝胶作为载体,卡培他滨吸附在二氧化硅气凝胶的孔洞中,形成直径小于100nm的卡培他滨颗粒,其中二氧化硅气凝胶的孔隙率为95-99%、孔径为10-50nm、比表面积为200-1000m2/g、密度为3-300kg/m3,组成网络的胶体颗粒直径为1-50nm。
Description
纳米级卡培他滨及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及抗肿瘤药物卡培他滨, 具体涉及一种纳米级卡培他滨及其制备 方法。
背景技术
卡培他滨( 商品名: 希罗达)是由瑞士罗氏公司研制的一种新型 5- 氟脲嘧 啶 (5-FU) 的前体药物, 能够抑制细胞分裂和干扰 RNA和蛋白质合成,是一种对 肿瘤细胞具有选择性作用的口服细胞毒性制剂, 其本身无细胞毒性, 但可转化 为具有细胞毒性的 5- 氟尿嘧啶, 它通过肿瘤相关性血管因子胸腺磷酸化酶在肿 瘤所在部位发生转化, 从而极大地降低了 5- 氟尿嘧啶对正常人体细胞的损害, 对辅助治疗以及转移性肿瘤治疗具有较好的疗效和较强的安全性。 主要用于晚 期原发性或转移性乳腺癌, 直肠癌、 结肠癌和胃癌的治疗, 还适用于对紫杉醇 和具有蒽环类抗生素化疗方案治疗无效的晚期原发性或转移性乳腺癌的进一步 治疗。
虽然卡培他滨自身已经具有靶向治疗功能, 其口服制剂的疗效也能够超过 静脉给药, 但是在临床应用中还是不可避免地会发生不良反应, 诸如: 恶心、 呕吐、 口腔溃疡、 腹痛、 腹泻、 食欲下降、 皮肤改变, 也有报道称部分患者使 用出现短暂性骨髓抑制、 肝功能受损、 毛发脱落、 泪液增多、 头痛、 头晕等。 发明内容
为了更进一步提高卡培他滨的靶向治疗功能、 进一步提高其生物利用度、 尽可能降低其毒副作用、 提高治疗效果, 本发明的第一个目的是提供一种新型 的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种纳米级卡培他滨颗粒, 其特征在于: 以二氧化硅气凝胶作为卡培他滨的载体, 所述二氧化硅气凝胶的孔隙率为 95 ~ 99%、 孔径为 10 ~ 50nm、 比表面积为 200 ~ 1000m2/g、 密度为 3 ~ 300kg/m3、 组 成网络的胶体颗粒直径为 l ~ 50nm, 所述卡培他滨以吸附在所述二氧化硅气凝 胶的孔洞中的形式形成直径小于 lOOnm的卡培他滨颗粒。
进一步地, 所述卡培他滨与所述二氧化硅气凝胶的质量比为 1 : 0.5 ~ 20。
由上述纳米级卡培他滨颗粒可制成药学上可接受的口服制剂。
进一步地, 所述口服制剂为片剂、 丸剂、 散剂、 胶嚢剂、 颗粒剂或混悬剂。 本发明的另一个目的是提供上述纳米级卡培他滨颗粒的制备方法, 其特征 在于, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将卡培他滨溶解于无水乙醇中;
( 2 ) 向上述乙醇溶液中加入二氧化硅气凝胶;
( 3 )待卡培他滨与二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后, 干燥;
( 4 ) 向上述干燥后的产物中加入纯净水, 并送入乳化机中乳化;
( 5 )将步骤(4 )所得乳化液送入高压均质机中均质;
( 6 ) 步骤(5 )所得均质液干燥后即得纳米级卡培他滨颗粒。
当步骤(2 ) 中所述的二氧化硅气凝胶具有疏水性时, 在加入乙醇溶液之前 需先经 300 ~ 1000 °C热处理使其表面的烷基消失而具有亲水性。
进一步地, 所述卡培他滨的质量与所述无水乙醇的体积之比为 1 : 5 ~ 200。 进一步地, 步骤(3 ) 中的干燥为自然干燥、 烘箱干燥或冷冻干燥。
进一步地, 步骤( 4 ) 中纯净水的加入量为 20 ~ 200ml/g卡培他滨。
进一步地, 步骤(6 ) 中的干燥为喷雾干燥。
有益效果:
1、 本发明首次以二氧化硅气凝胶为载体成功制备了纳米级卡培他滨, 与现 有的纳米级卡培他滨不同, 该纳米级卡培他滨的直径在 lOOnm以下, 达到了材 料学范畴的纳米级别, 是真正意义上的纳米级卡培他滨。 尽管直径小于 Ιμιη的 粒子都被称为纳米粒, 然而人们倾向于研制粒径小于 lOOnm的粒子, 因为这些 粒子会表现出一些独特的物理性质, 并因此显示出潜在不同的和有用的生物学 特性。 如, 受机体毛细血管的微循环以及细胞屏障所限, 能够进入血液循环进 而被机体吸收的药物粒子的最佳粒径为 10-100nm。 因此, 本发明的纳米级卡培 他滨在生物利用度和靶向性方面有了质的飞跃。
2、 本发明的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒的载药量可以达到 90%以上, 是现有的脂 质体纳米粒、 聚合物纳米粒等所望尘莫及的, 其载药量可与纳米晶型药物混悬 剂相媲美, 但制作方法更筒单, 成本更低廉。
3、 二氧化硅气凝胶并非当今流行的纳米颗粒材料或纳米粉末, 而是真正实
现了纳米级的载药空穴新结构。 本发明的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒中, 卡培他滨被 装载在二氧化硅气凝胶无数的纳米级空穴中, 形成不会团聚的独立 "纳米分散 体", 结构极其稳定, 直接破解了微纳米药物研究中因团聚不能成药、 难溶药物 很难提高生物利用度等制剂学国际难题。 二氧化硅气凝胶结合已经具有靶向治 疗功能的卡培他滨原料药, 可以实现"双靶向 "及"多靶向"抗肿瘤应用, 是真正意 义上的"纳米靶向载药系统", 实现了纳米药物领域研究者们半个多世纪(纳米概 念 40年代提出) 的梦想。
4、 本发明的纳米级卡培他滨中作为载体所使用的二氧化硅气凝胶的前体为 廉价、 易得、 且已经在药物及食品中广泛应用、 具有国家及国际标准的使用多 年的硅基药食用辅料, 其也是《药用辅料手册》 中记载的辅料之一, 故本发明 的纳米级卡培他滨的安全性是可靠的。
下面通过抗肿瘤棵鼠实验来说明本发明的纳米级卡培他滨的抗肿瘤效果, 实验中所使用的二氧化硅气凝胶均选自具有以下特性的二氧化硅气凝胶: 孔隙 率为 95 ~ 99%、 孔径为 10 ~ 50nm、 比表面积为 200 ~ 1000m2/g、 密度为 3 ~ 300kg/m3、 组成网络的胶体颗粒直径为 l ~ 50nm。
1.材料: Balb/c棵鼠, 雌性, 体重为 (18±2 ) g, 购自北京维通利华实验 动物技术有限公司; 实验用希罗达, 购自上海罗氏制药有限公司 (国药准字 H20073024 ); 实验用纳米卡培他滨为本发明实施例 1得到的干粉。
2. 动物模型的建立 收集足量的肿瘤细胞, 用 PBS重悬在离心管中, 以 2xl06 cells/0.1ml每点皮下接种于棵鼠背部。
3. 实验分组和给药方案 肿瘤模型建立后, 待棵鼠的肿瘤直径为 4 ~ 6mm, 按 5只 /组, 分组。 参考商品药说明书用法用量、 最新《临床肿瘤内科 手册》相关文献与前期实验结果, 口服生物利用度按照 20% ~ 30% , 确定给 药方案; 空白组(仅设一个, 为各组参考), 口服希罗达组, 每天给药一次, 口服灌胃给药; 卡培他滨原料药组, 口服灌胃给药, 每天 1次; 纳米卡培他 滨组, 口服灌胃给药, 每天 1次。
4.检测方法 给药后动物正常饲养, 每天观察动物一般状态, 记录动物 的体重。 每周 2次测量肿瘤直径(游标卡尺), 计算肿瘤体积(V ): v= ( ab2 ) /2(式中, a为肿瘤长径, b为肿瘤短径)。比较各组相对肿瘤( RTV ): RTV=vt/v0 ,
式中, v。为分笼给药当天(DayO )测量所得肿瘤体积, vt为每一次测量时的 肿瘤体积;
用相对肿瘤体积计算药物对肿瘤体积的抑制率( VIR ):
RTV治疗组
VIR= ( 1- )χ100%
RTV阴性对照组
5.实验结果
5.1卡培他滨治疗人转移棵鼠宫颈癌 Hela实验结果见表 1和图 4
表 1
相对肿瘤抑制率%
剂量 时间 4d 7d lid 14d 17d 21d 口服希罗达 400mg/kg A 12.35 45.21 28.2 64.24 53.86 64.17 口服纳米卡培他滨 400mg/kg B 18.74 47.39 54 68.76 63.96 80.72 注: 口服希罗达组, 连续给药 14天, 死亡 2只, 5只 /组;
口服纳米卡培他滨组, 连续给药 14天, 无死亡, 5只 /组。
1.2卡培他滨治疗人转移棵鼠乳腺癌 MCF-7实验结果见表 2和图
表 2
相对肿瘤抑制率%
剂量 时间 4d 7d lid 14d
200mg/kg A 42.67 34.29 36.73 24.88
口服希罗达
400mg/kg B 43.78 40.08 43.25 35.38
200mg/kg C 31.29 28.53 39.88 34.49
口服纳米卡培他滨
400mg/kg D 30.01 18.97 23.79 49.26
注: 口服希罗达 200mg/kg组, 连续给药 14天, 死亡 2只, 5只 /组;
希罗达 400mg/kg ¾L, 连续给药 14天, 无死亡, 5只 /组;
纳米卡培他滨 200mg/kg组, 连续给药 14天, 死亡 1只, 5只 /组; 纳米+培他滨 400mg/kg组, 连续给药 14天, 无死亡, 5只 /组。
5.3卡培他滨治疗人转移棵鼠胃癌 MGC-803实验结果见表 3和图 6
表 3
相对肿瘤抑制率%
剂量 时间 4d 7d lid 14d 17d 口服希罗达 200mg/kg A -27.76 19.83 17.88 27.78 27.9
400mg/kg B -14.1 17.3 16.49 35.59 53.31
200mg/kg C -10.1 5.52 19.22 19.77 27.06 口服纳米卡培他滨
400mg/kg D -16.51 36.51 37.46 65.54 70.89 注: 希罗达 200mg/kg组, 连续给药 17天, 无死亡, 5只 /组;
者罗达 400mg/kg组, 连续给药 17天, 死亡 1只, 5只 /组; 纳米卡培他滨 200mg/kg组, 连续给药 17天, 无死亡, 5只 /组;
纳米卡培他滨 400mg/kg组, 连续给药 17天, 无死亡, 5只 /组。
5.4卡培他滨治疗人转移棵鼠结直肠癌 LOVO实验结果见表 4和图 7
表 4
相对肿瘤抑制率%
剂量 时间 4d 7d l id 14d
口服希罗达 400mg/kg A 24.97 55.63 56.63 67.72
400mg/kg B 28.10 59.14 61.34 65.48
口服纳米卡培他滨
600mg/kg C 36.83 59.61 57.63 63.77
注: 希罗达 400mg/kg组, 连续给药 14天, 无死亡, 5只 /组
纳米卡培他滨 400mg/kg组, 连续给药 14天, 无死亡, 5只 /组;
纳米+培他滨 600mg/kg组, 连续给药 14天, 无死亡, 5只 /组。
5.5结果讨论
1、 实验中根据抗肿瘤药物尽量大剂量使用, 以求快速杀灭癌细胞特点, 用 药量按照最大耐受度 (MTD)设计, 使阳性对照商品药物抗癌效果达到最好水平, 在比较商品药物与本发明口服纳米药物抗癌效果的同时, 考察比较两者的安全 性。
2、 实验结果表明: 相同剂量比较商品希罗达与本发明的口服纳米卡培他滨 在治疗人转移棵鼠宫颈癌 Hela实验中, 希罗达组毒性严重。 在人转移棵鼠胃癌 MGC-803实验中,相同剂量口服纳米卡培他滨组相对肿瘤抑制率优于希罗达组。 在各组实验中, 希罗达组棵鼠体重下降明显。
3、 实验结果表明: 本发明口服纳米制剂的相对肿瘤抑制率优于商品口服药 物的水平, 毒副作用也明显降低, 提示了本发明口服纳米药物有提高患者生活 质量和延长生存期的良好效果。
附图说明
图 1是本发明用二氧化硅气凝胶的电镜图片;
图 2是卡培他滨原料药的电镜图片;
图 3是本发明的纳米级卡培他滨的电镜图片;
图 4是抗肿瘤棵鼠实验研究结果中人转移棵鼠宫颈癌 Hela的相对肿瘤抑制 率曲线图;
图 5是抗肿瘤棵鼠实验研究结果中人转移棵鼠乳腺癌 MCF-7的相对肿瘤抑 制率曲线图;
图 6是抗肿瘤棵鼠实验研究结果中人转移棵鼠胃癌 MGC-803的相对肿瘤抑 制率曲线图;
图 7是抗肿瘤棵鼠实验研究结果中人转移棵鼠结直肠癌 LOVO的相对肿瘤 抑制率曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明, 以下实施例是对本发明的解 释, 本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
以下实施例中所使用的二氧化硅气凝胶均选自具有以下特性的二氧化硅气 凝胶: 孔隙率为 95 ~ 99%、 孔径为 10 ~ 50nm、 比表面积为 200 ~ 1000m2/g、 密 度为 3 ~ 300kg/m3、 组成网络的胶体颗粒直径为 1 ~ 50nm。
实施例 1
本实施例的纳米级卡培他滨按以下方法制备:
1、 卡培他滨原料药(济南富创医药科技有限公司) lg, 加入无水乙醇 20ml 溶解;
2、 加入 500 °C热处理后的二氧化硅气凝胶 2g进行吸附;
3、 待吸附完全后, 于 60°C烘箱干燥;
4、 干燥后, 加入 100ml纯净水, 25000rpm/min普通乳化机乳化, 5min;
5、 高压均质机(上海东华 GYB 30-6S ), 400bar, 循环 6次, lOmin;
6、 将均质液于实验型喷雾干燥机(上海顺仪科技 SP-1500 )喷雾干燥, 参 数: 温度 130°C , 流速 500ml/h, 喷头: 0.75mm, 干燥后得到纳米级卡培他滨颗 粒。
实施例 2
本实施例的纳米级卡培他滨按以下方法制备:
1、 卡培他滨原料药 (济南富创医药科技有限公司) lg, 加入无水乙醇 5ml 溶解;
2、 加入 1000 °C热处理后的二氧化硅气凝胶 0.5g进行吸附;
3、 待吸附完全后, 自然干燥;
4、 干燥后, 加入 20ml纯净水, 25000rpm/min普通乳化机乳化, 5min;
5、 高压均质机(上海东华 GYB 30-6S ), 400bar, 循环 8次, lOmin;
6、 将均质液于实验型喷雾干燥机(上海顺仪科技 SP-1500 )喷雾干燥, 参 数: 温度 130°C , 流速 500ml/h, 喷头: 0.75mm, 干燥后得到纳米级卡培他滨颗 粒。
实施例 3
本实施例的纳米级卡培他滨按以下方法制备:
1、卡培他滨原料药(济南富创医药科技有限公司) lg, 加入无水乙醇 150ml 溶解;
2、 加入亲水性二氧化硅气凝胶 15g进行吸附;
3、 待吸附完全后, 冷冻干燥;
4、 干燥后, 加入 150ml纯净水, 25000rpm/min普通乳化机乳化, 5min;
5、 高压均质机(上海东华 GYB 30-6S ), 400bar, 循环 7次, lOmin;
6、 将均质液于实验型喷雾干燥机(上海顺仪科技 SP-1500 )喷雾干燥, 参 数: 温度 130°C , 流速 500ml/h, 喷头: 0.75mm, 干燥后得到纳米级卡培他滨颗 粒。
实施例 4
本实施例的纳米级卡培他滨按以下方法制备:
1、卡培他滨原料药(济南富创医药科技有限公司)lg, 加入无水乙醇 200ml 溶解;
2、 加入 300 °C热处理后的二氧化硅气凝胶 20g进行吸附;
3、 待吸附完全后, 于 60°C烘箱干燥;
4、 干燥后, 加入 200ml纯净水, 25000rpm/min普通乳化机乳化, 5min;
5、 高压均质机(上海东华 GYB 30-6S ), 400bar, 循环 8次, lOmin;
6、 将均质液于实验型喷雾干燥机(上海顺仪科技 SP-1500 )喷雾干燥, 参 数: 温度 130°C , 流速 500ml/h, 喷头: 0.75mm, 干燥后得到纳米级卡培他滨颗 粒。
实施例 5
本实施例的纳米级卡培他滨按以下方法制备:
1、 卡培他滨原料药(济南富创医药科技有限公司) lg, 加入无水乙醇 70ml 溶解;
2、 加入 700 °C热处理后的二氧化硅气凝胶 7g进行吸附;
3、 待吸附完全后, 冷冻干燥;
4、 另取 6g的 PEG-4000加入 400ml的无水乙醇中溶解;
5、 将步骤 3冻干后的固体加入上述 PEG-4000的乙醇溶液中, 超声乳化机 乳化 3min;
6、 将步骤 5的乳化液于 60°C电热恒温干燥箱中干燥 12h;
7、 研磨步骤 6干燥后的固体, 并过 200目筛, 得到纳米级卡培他滨颗粒。 实施例 6
实施例 1至 5得到的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒与适量的微晶纤维素、 淀粉和硬 脂酸镁混合均匀后, 用压片机压片, 得到本发明的纳米级卡培他滨片剂。
实施例 7
将实施例 1至 5得到的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒直接装填入硬胶嚢壳中, 得到 本发明的纳米级卡培他滨胶嚢剂。
实施例 8
实施例 1至 5得到的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒加入水溶液中, 搅拌均勾, 得到 本发明的纳米级卡培他滨混悬液。 该混悬液可以直接口服。
Claims
1、 一种纳米级卡培他滨颗粒, 其特征在于: 以二氧化硅气凝胶作为卡培他 滨的载体, 所述二氧化硅气凝胶的孔隙率为 95 ~ 99%、 孔径为 10~50nm、 比表 面积为 200~ 1000m2/g、 密度为 3~300kg/m3、 组成网络的胶体颗粒直径为 1~ 50nm, 所述卡培他滨以吸附在所述二氧化硅气凝胶的孔洞中的形式形成直径小 于 lOOnm的卡培他滨颗粒。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒, 其特征在于: 所述卡培他 滨与所述二氧化硅气凝胶的质量比为 1: 0.5 ~ 20
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒制成的药学上可接受的 口服制剂。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的口服制剂, 其特征在于: 所述口服制剂为片剂、 丸剂、 散剂、 胶嚢剂、 颗粒剂或混悬剂。
5、 权利要求 1至 4任意一项所述的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒的制备方法, 其特 征在于, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将卡培他滨溶解于无水乙醇中;
(2) 向上述乙醇溶液中加入二氧化硅气凝胶;
(3)待卡培他滨与二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后, 干燥;
(4) 向上述干燥后的产物中加入纯净水, 并送入乳化机中乳化;
(5)将步骤(4)所得乳化液送入高压均质机中均质;
(6) 步骤(5)所得均质液干燥后即得纳米级卡培他滨颗粒。
6、 权利要求 5所述的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒的制备方法, 其特征在于: 当步 骤(2) 中所述的二氧化硅气凝胶具有疏水性时, 在加入乙醇溶液之前需先经 300 ~ 1000 °C热处理使其具有亲水性。
7、 权利要求 5所述的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述 卡培他滨的质量与所述无水乙醇的体积之比为 1: 5~200
8、 权利要求 5所述的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒的制备方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 (3) 中的干燥为自然干燥、 烘箱干燥或冷冻干燥。
9、 权利要求 5所述的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒的制备方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 ( 4 ) 中纯净水的加入量为 20 ~ 200ml/g卡培他滨。
10、 权利要求 5 所述的纳米级卡培他滨颗粒的制备方法, 其特征在于: 步 骤(6) 中的干燥为喷雾干燥。
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