WO2014086549A1 - Étage de production de vapeur héliothermique, centrale héliothermique et procédé d'exploitation d'un étage de production de vapeur héliothermique - Google Patents

Étage de production de vapeur héliothermique, centrale héliothermique et procédé d'exploitation d'un étage de production de vapeur héliothermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014086549A1
WO2014086549A1 PCT/EP2013/073390 EP2013073390W WO2014086549A1 WO 2014086549 A1 WO2014086549 A1 WO 2014086549A1 EP 2013073390 W EP2013073390 W EP 2013073390W WO 2014086549 A1 WO2014086549 A1 WO 2014086549A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
transfer medium
liquid heat
solar thermal
steam generating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/073390
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tobias Hirsch
Jan Fabian Feldhoff
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. filed Critical Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
Publication of WO2014086549A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014086549A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar thermal steam generating stage, comprising a solar device, to which by means of solar radiation from a liquid heat transfer medium heat transfer medium vapor can be generated, wherein the solar device has a preheater / evaporator area and a superheater area.
  • the invention further relates to a solar thermal power plant with at least one solar thermal steam generating stage. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a solar thermal steam generating stage in which superheated heat transfer medium vapor is generated by means of solar radiation from liquid heat transfer medium.
  • a method for generating superheated steam at a solar thermal power plant is known in which steam is generated in a passage for heat transfer medium by solar energy in an evaporator area and is overheated in a superheater area by solar energy, the steam Vaporization endpoint of the evaporator section is fixed in a control method in which a spatial temperature gradient in the superheater area and a
  • Temperature in the evaporator area are determined and the mass flow of heat transfer medium in the flow path as a function of the temperature gradient and the measured temperature is set in the evaporator area.
  • a solar thermal power plant comprising a solar device, in which heat transfer medium vapor can be generated by means of solar radiation from a liquid heat transfer medium, and a turbine device, to which the generated heat transfer medium vapor is provided, the solar device having a preheater / evaporator region and a superheater region.
  • an electric heater is arranged, which has at least one electric heating element and through which the heat transfer medium is heated.
  • Heat transfer medium by solar radiation is generated steam, known, wherein at a Einstrahlungsschgang the evaporator device is divided into inactive and active evaporator strands, on an active evaporator strhack a minimum mass flow of liquid working medium is maintained, which receives the operational readiness of the evaporator device, and an inactive evaporator strand Mass flow zero is set or a mass flow is set, which is at most 20% of the minimum mass flow.
  • Mass flow distribution is controlled at the evaporator section, wherein the mass flows are individually adjusted to all or a majority of the evaporator strands and a controlled variable is a quantity which characterizes a spatial energy increase in a respective evaporator section in a region of the evaporator section in which the heat transfer medium has not yet evaporated
  • a solar thermal power plant is known from DE 10 2006 021 972 B4, comprising a solar collector device with a plurality of solar collector strands, on which steam can be generated from liquid heat transfer medium, and a steam turbine device, wherein the Sollarkollektor- strands each have a recirculation means for recirculation of liquid heat transfer medium
  • a solar collector strand is associated with an active mass flow control device, via which the mass flow is adjustable to supplied feed heat transfer medium, and the solar collector strand is assigned at least one passive throttle device, via which recirculated heat transfer medium can be fed.
  • a working medium circuit comprising an evaporator section, which has a plurality of solar collectors, by means of which in the working medium steam can be generated, a steam turbine train to which the evaporator train is coupled to provide steam, and a preheater train, which is coupled to the steam turbine train and is traceable to the evaporator section via the working medium, wherein a separator is coupled to the evaporator strand, by means of which liquid working medium and steam from a two-phase mixture of the working medium is separable.
  • Working medium is guided by the evaporator section and / or the steam turbine train into the preheating train, wherein the introduction into the preheating train is at a lower pressure level than the discharge from the evaporator train and / or steam turbine train.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a solar thermal steam generating stage of the type mentioned, in which
  • Coupled heat transfer medium vapor and that the feedback device fluidly connects the storage device with the at least one connecting line, wherein in the storage means cached liquid heat transfer medium can be coupled into the at least one connecting line.
  • the at least one buffer device is arranged on the prewinter / evaporator region.
  • the separator device of the buffer device separates liquid heat transfer medium and heat transfer medium vapor in the two-phase mixture.
  • the liquid heat transfer medium is fed to a buffer volume of the storage device and is returned from there into the connecting line. Between the separator and a coupling point for liquid heat transfer medium from the storage device into the connecting line is guided in this heat transfer medium vapor. After coupling of the recirculated liquid Heat transfer medium flows in this subsequent to the coupling point a two-phase mixture.
  • the buffer device By appropriate design or adjustment of the buffer device can be achieved that the content of liquid heat transfer medium in the flow (and thus also the content of heat transfer medium vapor) is balanced and in particular is kept approximately constant.
  • Storage device then provides an operational stabilization of the content of heat transfer medium vapor even with larger deviations from a design point.
  • the buffer device can basically be designed such that it can be operated passively.
  • the recirculated amount of liquid heat carrier medium into the at least one connecting line may depend directly on a pressure difference between a pressure of the flow of single-phase heat transfer medium vapor in the at least one connecting line and the pressure in the storage device. This achieves a simple way that at large mass flows of heat transfer medium vapor and thus high pressure difference, a large amount of liquid heat transfer medium is recycled.
  • the return device comprises at least one coupling point for liquid heat transfer medium from the storage device into the at least one connecting line, which with respect to a Flow direction of the heat transfer medium of a coupling point for heat transfer medium vapor from the separator into the at least one connecting line is connected downstream. It then flows between the injection point for heat transfer medium vapor from the separator into the at least one connecting line and the point of injection of the return device for liquid heat transfer medium heat transfer medium vapor.
  • the coupling point for liquid heat transfer medium subsequently flows in the at least one connecting line (in normal operation) a two-phase mixture, which is formed from a mixture of separate heat transfer medium vapor to the separator and the recycled liquid heat transfer medium.
  • the storage device provides for a buffer volume and for a temporally offset return to liquid heat transfer medium. This makes it possible to stabilize a content of liquid heat transfer medium or a content of heat transfer medium vapor in the resulting two-phase mixture with respect to a migration of an evaporation end point.
  • the storage device has a buffer volume for liquid heat transfer medium, by means of which time offset for coupling a buffer volume liquid heat transfer medium in the at least one
  • This buffer volume provides for a corresponding stabilization.
  • a recycled amount of liquid heat transfer medium depends on the difference between a pressure of heat transfer medium vapor flowing in the at least one connecting line and a pressure in the storage device.
  • This pressure can be adjusted by appropriate design of the buffer device, in particular with regard to pipe diameters and a buffer volume. It can also be adjusted by one or more actuators. It is then possible to realize a passive mode of operation in which, due to the pressure difference varying with varying irradiation conditions, an otherwise possible migration of a vaporisation point, d. H . the hike is canceled or at least minimized.
  • the pressure difference is set and / or is variably adjustable.
  • An adjustment is made, for example, "hardware specifications" of the buffer device such as pipe diameter, etc.
  • actuators such as control valves
  • the pressure difference can also be set variably.
  • the flow of liquid heat transfer medium in the at least one connecting line is then specified structurally depending on the applied pressure difference or variably predetermined.
  • the setting is such that under constant conditions, the amount of liquid heat transfer medium, which is coupled into the storage device corresponds to an amount of recycled liquid heat transfer medium and / or it in a setting that a content of heat transfer medium vapor in a two-phase mixture in the Connecting line after the return of heat transfer medium is at least approximately constant. This minimizes the migration of an evaporation end point.
  • a coupling point for liquid heat transfer medium in the at least one connecting line is associated with a control valve for adjusting the flow rate of liquid heat transfer medium.
  • an operating point for the pressure difference can be set via the control valve. It is thus possible to easily implement a passive behavior of the buffer device.
  • the steam mass flow can be adjusted with respect to a working point or it is possible to set an operating point for a pressure difference.
  • control valve is manually operated. As a result, a passive buffer device can be realized with little effort. It can also be provided that the control valve can be controlled via a control device.
  • a control valve for adjusting the flow rate of heat transfer medium vapor is arranged on the at least one connecting line, wherein in particular the control valve between a coupling point for heat transfer medium vapor and a coupling point for liquid heat transfer medium from the storage device is arranged.
  • This can also be a setting, for example, with respect to a
  • a control device by means of which the control valve or valves can be actuated.
  • control valves can be controlled, by which the mass flow in a string of the solar device is adjustable. This results in such extensive control options and control options.
  • At least one line of the feedback device which leads from the memory device to the at least one connecting line, is connected to the memory device at or in the vicinity of a bottom bounding a buffer volume of the memory device.
  • a coupling point for liquid heat transfer medium in the storage device with respect to the direction of gravity above a coupling point for liquid heat transfer medium from the storage device lies. It is also advantageous if a coupling point for liquid heat transfer medium in the at least one connecting line with respect to the
  • Gravity direction is below a coupling point for liquid heat transfer medium in the storage device.
  • it can be achieved in a simple manner that only a limited part of the connection line fills with liquid heat transfer medium when the flow of heat transfer medium vapor stagnates.
  • the at least one connection line is guided in the region of a coupling point for liquid heat transfer medium from the storage device in an arc. This makes it possible to form communicating tubes which, with a corresponding arrangement, record a level which is at most as high as the level of liquid heat transfer medium in the storage device.
  • the at least one connecting line has a first region and a second region with at least approximately opposite main flow directions, wherein in particular the main flow directions are at least approximately parallel or antiparallel to the direction of gravity.
  • the separator device is arranged outside a housing of the storage device and, in particular, a connecting line is arranged between the separator device and the storage device.
  • the separator is an external device to the storage device.
  • the separator is disposed within a housing of the storage device. This results in a compact design.
  • Preheater / evaporator section leads. This means that subsequent evaporation takes place. It is thus possible to produce a single-phase flow of heat transfer medium vapor from the two-phase mixture.
  • the content of liquid heat transfer medium of the two-phase mixture can be kept stable. Subsequent further evaporation in the remainder of the vaporizer section then provides pure heat transfer medium vapor, possibly under conditions of
  • Separating device between the preheater / evaporator area and the superheater area can be dispensed with.
  • a measuring device for level measurement of liquid heat transfer medium in the storage device is provided, in particular, measuring signals are transmitted to the control device.
  • the corresponding measurement signals can be used to control an injection at other locations of the solar device or to control a mass flow of liquid heat transfer medium, which is coupled into the solar device and there in particular into the respective strands.
  • the at least one buffer device is arranged on an evaporator part of the preheater / evaporator region. This results in an optimized mode of operation.
  • the preheater / evaporator section includes a plurality of strands, with a buffer device disposed on one or more strands.
  • a buffer device is arranged on each strand. It is thus possible in a simple manner, for example for each strand, to define an evaporator end point which has a minimized migration.
  • a solar thermal power plant which comprises at least one solar thermal steam generation stage according to the invention, wherein a turbine device is provided, which the
  • At least one solar thermal steam generating stage provides superheated steam.
  • the invention is further based on the object to provide a method of the type mentioned, in which instabilities and in particular fluctuations in the solar radiation have a reduced influence.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in the method mentioned that a two-phase mixture of liquid heat transfer medium and heat transfer medium vapor is separated at a separator, separated liquid heat transfer medium is fed to a buffer volume of a storage device and from there into a connecting line, in which separated heat transfer medium vapor is led back, is led back.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the solar thermal steam generation stage according to the invention.
  • the separation of the two-phase mixture takes place in an evaporator section of a prewinter / evaporator section and from the two-phase mixture which is fed to the separator device, in turn, after the return of liquid heat transfer medium, a two-phase mixture is formed.
  • the resulting two-phase mixture has a relatively constant content of a solid content of liquid heat transfer medium (and heat transfer medium vapor) even with varying solar irradiation conditions. This makes it easy to reduce or even prevent migration of an evaporator end point.
  • a pressure difference between a pressure of a flow of heat transfer medium vapor (single-phase flow) in the connecting line and a pressure in the buffer volume (single-phase pressure to liquid) determines the amount of recycled liquid heat transfer medium.
  • Heat transfer medium in a two-phase mixture which is provided by the prewarmer / evaporator area immediately after the return of liquid heat transfer medium to keep at least approximately constant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram representation of an exemplary embodiment of a solar thermal steam generation stage according to the invention, integrated in a solar thermal power plant;
  • Figure 2 (a) is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
  • Figure 2 (b) shows schematically the course of the specific enthalpy of a steam flowing through the steam generating stage according to Figure 2 (a)
  • Heat transfer medium in its location dependence schematically a first embodiment of a
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a buffer device for explaining pressure conditions
  • FIG. 7 shows the profile of a vapor portion at an outlet of a buffer device and the pressure loss as a function of the steam mass flow for different geodetic pressures in one exemplary embodiment.
  • An exemplary embodiment of a solar thermal steam generation stage according to the invention which is shown in FIG. 1 and denoted there by 10, is integrated in a solar thermal power plant 12.
  • the solar thermal steam generation stage 10 includes a solar device 14.
  • At the solar device 14 by means of solar radiation 16 of liquid heat transfer medium, in particular water, heat transfer medium vapor (then in particular water vapor) is generated.
  • the solar device 14 comprises an input 18, on which liquid
  • Heat transfer medium (“fresh water”) is coupled. It further comprises an outlet 20 to which superheated heat transfer medium vapor is provided. Between the input 18 and the output 20 flows heat transfer medium and is heated.
  • the preheater / evaporator section 22 has a preheater section 26 and an evaporator section 28.
  • the preheater section 26 heats up liquid heat transfer medium and the preheater / evaporator section 22 has a preheater / evaporator section 22 and a superheater section 24 connected downstream of it for a main flow direction stays fluid.
  • the evaporator section 28 which is connected downstream of the preheater section 26, preheated liquid heat transfer medium is evaporated. This creates a two-phase flow.
  • Superheater section 24 is superheated steam provided by the preheater / evaporator section 22.
  • the preheater / evaporator section 22 includes a plurality of strands 30a, 30b, etc. These strands 30a, 30b, etc. are arranged in parallel.
  • the input 18 is associated with a distributor 32, by means of which liquid heat transfer medium is distributed to the strands 30a, 30b, etc.
  • each strand 30a, 30b, etc. is associated with its own control valve 34 (FIG. 2), so that for each strand 30a, 30b, etc., individual Duell the flowing mass flow of heat transfer medium is adjustable.
  • Each strand 30a, etc. comprises a plurality of solar collectors 36 arranged one behind the other.
  • Solar radiation 16 is concentrated in a solar collector 36.
  • a solar collector 36 comprises one or more absorber tubes, which are flowed through by heat transfer medium and on which the concentrated solar radiation is directed. In such a way
  • Absorber tube is heat transfer medium via the concentrated solar radiation heated.
  • An exemplary embodiment of a solar collector is a trough collector such as a parabolic trough collector or a Fresnel collector.
  • the prewarmer / evaporator section has an exit.
  • the output is assigned a merge.
  • the preheater / evaporator region 22 usually provides a two-phase mixture of vaporized heat transfer medium and non-evaporated liquid heat transfer medium. In the embodiment, this output is associated with a deposition direction, which in particular comprises a deposition drum. At this deposition device contained in the two-phase mixture liquid heat transfer medium is deposited. Deposited thermal medium vapor (single phase vapor) is provided to the superheater section 24.
  • the superheater area 24 also has strands 38a, 38b and so on.
  • strand 38a is a continuation of strand 30a
  • strand 38b is a continuation of strand 30b, and so on.
  • a distributor which distributes vaporous heat transfer medium supplied by the deposition device to the strands 38a, 38b and so on.
  • the strands 38a, 38b etc. have at least one solar collector (corresponding to the solar collectors 36) and in particular a plurality of such solar collectors 36.
  • the solar device 14 comprises an injection device 40. Via the injection device 40, liquid heat transfer medium can be injected into the superheater region 24.
  • a line 42 is provided, which communicates with the input 18 in a fluid-effective connection, for example.
  • This line 42 leads via corresponding injection points 44 into the superheater area 24.
  • injection points 44 are arranged, in particular, in the strands 38a, 38b etc. between corresponding solar collectors 36.
  • the injection points 44 wherein in particular each strand 38a, 38b has one or more injection points 44, are in particular arranged in front of a last solar collector 46 of the corresponding strand 38a, 38b, etc., this last solar collector 46 being connected directly to the output 20 in a fluid-efficient manner , Furthermore, the injection points 44 are connected downstream of a first solar collector 48, which is connected directly to the preheater / evaporator region 22 in a fluid-effective manner. It can also be provided a recirculation device (not shown in Figure 1). With regard to this recirculation device, reference is also made to DE 10 2012 101 249.
  • the steam generating stage 12 provides overheated heat transfer medium vapor in normal operation, which is present at the output 20.
  • the output 20 of the solar device 14 is fluidly coupled to a turbine device 52 via (at least) one conduit 50.
  • a valve 54 is arranged, through which the mass flow of superheated heat transfer medium vapor, which of the solar device 14 of the
  • Turbine device 52 is provided, is adjustable.
  • the turbine device 52 includes a high pressure steam turbine 56. This is connected via an input 58 on the input side to the valve 54. At the high pressure steam turbine 56 mechanical energy is generated by a partial relaxation of heat transfer medium vapor.
  • the high pressure steam turbine 56 further includes an output 60 at which partially released heat transfer medium vapor is provided.
  • This output 60 is in fluid communication with a first input 64 of a reheater 66 via a line 62.
  • the reheater 66 has a first outlet 68. Between the first input 64 and the first output 68, the reheater 66 has a heating section 70. At the heating section 70, heat transfer medium vapor is temporarily superheated. This superheated heat transfer medium vapor is provided to a low pressure steam turbine 72.
  • the low-pressure steam turbine 72 has to an input 74, which is connected via a line 76 fluidly effective with the first output 68 of the reheater 66.
  • the low-pressure steam turbine 72 is operated by the corresponding steam.
  • the high-pressure steam turbine 56 and the low-pressure steam turbine 72 form a multi-stage turbine device 52, which provide mechanical energy to a generator 78 usable electrical Generate electricity.
  • the reheater 66 is a heat exchanger, which with heat transfer medium vapor from the solar device 14th
  • a line 82 is coupled to the line 50.
  • a valve 84 is arranged on the line 82. This valve 84 makes it possible to set whether and, if appropriate, what amount of heat transfer medium vapor is provided by the solar device 14 for reheating.
  • the conduit 82 is in fluid communication with a second input 86 of the reheater 66.
  • the reheater 66 further includes a second outlet 88. Between the second input 86 and the second output 88, heat transfer medium vapor flows as a heat transfer medium.
  • the second output 88 of the reheater 66 is in fluid communication with a heat exchanger 92 via a line 90.
  • This heat exchanger 92 heats liquid heat transfer medium, which is provided to the input 18 of the solar device 14.
  • the high-pressure steam turbine 56 also has one or more outlets 94. These are associated with one or more corresponding conduits in communication with one or more heat exchangers 94. The one or more
  • Heat exchanger 94 are connected upstream of the heat exchanger 92 and also serve for the preheating of liquid heat transfer medium, which is the solar device 14 is provided.
  • the low-pressure steam turbine 72 has an output 96. From this output 96, a line 98 leads to a capacitor 100. At the
  • Capacitor 100 heat transfer medium vapor is condensed. At one
  • Output 102 of the capacitor 100 is provided liquid heat transfer medium in a single-phase flow.
  • This outlet 102 is in fluid communication with a low-pressure preheater 106 via a line 104, which may be designed in one stage with a heat exchanger or with a plurality of heat exchangers in multiple stages.
  • a two-stage Niederdruckvor Anlagenr 106 is indicated.
  • Liquid heat transfer medium flows through the low-pressure preheater 106.
  • This low-pressure preheater 106 is heated in particular via liquid heat transfer medium which is provided by the low-pressure steam turbine 72 (indicated in FIG. 1 by the letter C).
  • a pump 108 for conveying the liquid heat transfer medium is arranged.
  • the low pressure preheater 106 is on the output side with a Abscheidreme drum 110 in fluidly effective connection. Corresponding liquid heat transfer medium, which has passed through the low-pressure preheater 106, is coupled there.
  • An exit of the separation drum 110 is in fluid communication with the one or more heat exchangers 94 via a conduit 112.
  • Heat exchanger 94 form a high pressure preheater, which by
  • Heat transfer medium and in particular liquid heat transfer medium is heated by the high pressure steam turbine 56 (indicated in Figure 1 by the letter A).
  • a pump 114 is arranged on line 112 on line 1112.
  • the storage device 80 may be configured in multiple stages, for example with a preheater region 118, an evaporator region 120 and a superheater area 122.
  • the preheater area 118, the evaporator area, and the superheater area 122 each include respective storage elements 124.
  • a storage element 124 is formed as a phase change media storage element.
  • the memory device 80 provides overheated steam, which does not necessarily require steam itself to be stored.
  • the memory device 80 has an input 126 which is in fluid communication with the conduit 116 via a conduit 128.
  • a valve 130 is arranged on line 128, a valve 130 is arranged. Via this line 128 and the input 126, liquid heat transfer medium ("fresh water”) can be coupled into the storage device 80.
  • the input 126 is connected via a further line 132, on which a valve 134 is disposed, also in fluidly effective connection with the line 116.
  • On the line 132 is seated a pump 136.
  • the valves 130 and 134 are check valves. They allow adjustment of whether line 132 or line 128 (or neither of these lines 128 and 132) are open.
  • the flow direction is in the line 128 opposite to the flow direction in the conduit 132. Via the line 132 can be
  • a valve 138 is arranged, which is in particular a control valve. This can be adjusted, which amount of liquid heat transfer medium of the solar device 14 is provided.
  • the memory device 80 further has an output 140 at which
  • Heat transfer medium vapor (as superheated heat transfer medium vapor) is provided.
  • This output 140 is connected via a line 142 to which a valve 144 is seated in fluid communication with the high pressure steam turbine 56.
  • the valves 54 and 144 are designed in particular as controllable valves. This allows you to adjust an admixture. It is possible to set whether heat transfer medium vapor from the storage device 80 or from the solar device 14 (in particular either from the solar device 14 or the storage device 80) of the high-pressure steam turbine 56 is provided for its operation.
  • the high-pressure steam turbine 56 is preceded by a control valve 146, by means of which the corresponding mass flow can be set.
  • the conduit 82 is coupled to the conduit 142 via a valve 148.
  • Valves 84 and 144 are in particular controllable valves. Through them can be adjusted whether heat transfer medium vapor on the solar device or the storage device 80 (in particular either from the solar device 14 or the storage device 80) the second input 86 of the reheater 66 or reheating the heat transfer medium vapor, which comes from the high-pressure steam turbine 56 , is provided, and it can also be an admixture set.
  • a conduit 150 leads to the outlet 140 of the storage means 80.
  • a valve 152 is arranged in the conduit 150 . Via the valve 152 can be adjusted whether superheated heat transfer medium vapor of the storage device 80 is provided for heat storage. If the valve 152, which is in particular a check valve, is open, then the output is used as an input to charge the memory device 80.
  • the solar thermal steam generation stage 10 comprises (at least) a buffer device 154.
  • the at least one buffer device 154 is attached to the preheater / evaporator region 22 and there to the evaporator section 28. orders, on which there is a two-phase flow of liquid heat transfer medium and heat transfer medium vapor.
  • each strand 30a etc. is assigned its own buffer device 154.
  • FIG. 2 (a) schematically shows the course of the specific enthalpy H as
  • the location x corresponds to the position within a string 38a, 38b, etc. relative to a longitudinal direction between the input 18 and the output 20.
  • the specific enthalpy H increases from the input 18 to the output 20 in particular continuously and, for example linearly, when in time constant solar irradiation conditions prevail.
  • liquid heat transfer medium is sensitively heated. Evaporation takes place in the evaporator part 28, so that a two-phase mixture is present here. In superheater area 24, heat transfer medium vapor is superheated.
  • a separation device can be provided at the transition between the evaporator part 28 and the superheater region 24, which ensures that only superheated heat transfer medium steam flows in the superheater region 24.
  • the at least one buffer device 154 is arranged in the evaporator part 28.
  • An exemplary embodiment of a buffer device 154 which is shown schematically in FIG. 3, comprises a separator device 156.
  • Separator device 156 has a first input 158, which serves for coupling a two-phase mixture.
  • the separator 156 further includes a first output 160 and a second output 162.
  • liquid heat transfer medium is decoupled.
  • vaporous heat transfer medium is decoupled, wherein the separator 156 provides for the separation of liquid heat transfer medium and heat transfer medium vapor from the two-phase mixture.
  • the first input 158 is in fluid-effective communication with a corresponding flow line 163 in the evaporator section 28, in which a two-phase mixture flows.
  • the buffer device 154 also has a storage device 164 for storing liquid heat transfer medium.
  • the storage device 164 is in fluid communication, directly or via a line 166, with the first outlet 160 of the separator 156.
  • the storage device 164 is a storage device for liquid heat transfer medium. It includes a housing 168 in which a buffer volume 170 is formed for receiving liquid heat transfer medium.
  • the separator 156 and the housing 168 of the memory device 164 are disconnected. Accordingly, the storage device 164 has an input 172, which is connected in a fluid-efficient manner to the first output 160 of the separator device 156, via which a liquid heat transfer medium can be coupled into the buffer volume 170.
  • the memory device 164 further has an output 174.
  • the output 174 liquid heat transfer medium from the buffer volume 170 can be coupled out.
  • the input 172 is at a higher geodetic level than the output 174; the input 172 is located above the output 174 with respect to the direction of gravity g.
  • the output 174 is provided at or near a bottom 176 which bounds the buffer volume 170 downwardly with respect to the direction of gravity g.
  • At least one connecting line 178 is connected to the second output 162 of the separator 156. In this connecting line 178 is separated via the separator 156 from the two-phase mixture separated heat transfer medium vapor.
  • the connecting line 178 is guided over the housing 168 of the storage device 164 with respect to the direction of gravity g.
  • the connecting line 178 has for this purpose a region 180 which lies above this housing 168.
  • Adjoining this region 180 is a region 182 which, for example, is aligned at least approximately parallel to the direction of gravity g.
  • heat transfer medium vapor first flows upwards. In the area 182, it flows down again.
  • the region 182 is adjoined by a further region 184, in which the connecting line 178 is arcuate.
  • a first area 186a is provided, which is a continuation of the area 182 and in which a main flow direction of heat transfer medium
  • This first region 186a is directly connected to a second region 186b, in which a main flow direction is at least approximately opposite to the direction of gravity g.
  • the first region 186a and the second region 186b are oriented at least approximately parallel to the direction of gravity g. They are connected by an arc portion 188.
  • the line 190 is connected to the connection line 178 via an interference coupling point 192.
  • the heat transfer medium 192 which is provided by the buffer volume 170 of the storage device 164, can be coupled into the connecting line 178 via the oil-injection point 192.
  • Elnkopplungsstelle 192 is at a lower geodetic level than the input 172 of the memory device 164th
  • the storage device 164 has a liquid level 194 in the buffer volume 170.
  • the oil-in point 192 is located below the liquid level 194 of a working point with respect to the direction of gravity g.
  • a maximum fill level for liquid heat transfer medium in the connection line 178 at the region 184 is predetermined by the liquid level 194. This is then also the maximum filling level of liquid heat transfer medium in the connecting line 178, if a stream of heat transfer medium vapor in the connecting line 178 should break when it rises again after a temporary stagnation.
  • a control valve 196 is arranged on the line 190 (at least) . By this control valve 196, the mass flow of liquid heat transfer medium, which is coupled from the buffer volume 170 via the Elnkopplungsstelle 192 in the connecting line 178 set. In one embodiment, the control valve 196 is manually operable.
  • this control valve 196 via a
  • Control device 198 ( Figure 2) is driven. (The controller 198 may then also control the control valves 34.)
  • a control valve 200 is arranged in the connecting line 178 (at least) in the connecting line 178.
  • This control valve 200 is positioned between the second output 162 and the Einkopplungsstelle 192, d. H. positioned in an area where in normal operation only heat transfer medium vapor flows.
  • the control valve 200 By the control valve 200, the amount of heat transfer medium vapor, which flows in the connecting line 178 set.
  • the control valve 200 is manually operated, for example. It can also be provided that it can be controlled via the control device 198.
  • the steam generating stage 10 operates as follows: At the inlet 18 liquid heat transfer medium ("fresh water”) is coupled into the solar device 14. By concentrated solar radiation 16 of this heat transfer medium is heated. In the preheater part 26 there is a heating of liquid heat transfer medium, wherein this remains in the liquid state of aggregation. This then passes through the evaporator section 28, in which an evaporation takes place. The result is a two-phase mixture of liquid heat transfer medium and heat transfer medium vapor. In the superheater region 24, heat transfer medium vapor is overheated and then provided. In the embodiment described above, the superheated steam is used to operate a turbine means 52 for producing electrical power through the generator 78. For example, it is also possible for the superheated steam provided by the solar thermal steam generating stage 10 to be considered as
  • the evaporation end point can vary. This variation is fundamentally undesirable. It is also possible, for example, that in a first
  • the buffer device or buffer devices 154 in the preheater / evaporator region 22 serve to compensate for temporal fluctuations in the resulting two-phase flow relative to the relative content of liquid heat transfer medium via the buffer volume 170.
  • the two-phase mixture is separated by the separator 156 in the evaporator section 28.
  • Heat transfer medium vapor is coupled into the connection line 178.
  • Liquid heat transfer medium is coupled into the buffer volume 170 of the storage device 164.
  • Liquid heat transfer medium is then coupled from the storage device 164 via a return device 202 into the connecting line 178 at the injection point 192.
  • the flow is a single-phase flow. After the coupling of liquid heat transfer medium at the injection point 192, there is again a two-phase flow.
  • buffer device 154 By appropriate design of the buffer device 154 and their setting can be a passive operation without further actuators realize. But it can also be provided control valves 196 and / or 200 become. Basically, the backfilled amount of liquid depends
  • the content of liquid heat transfer medium in the two-phase flow (after the injection point 192) can then be kept at least approximately constant; the liquid content at the two-phase flow, which is supplied via the line 163 of the buffer means 154 is subject to the above-mentioned fluctuations.
  • the content of liquid heat transfer medium in the two-phase flow which flows, for example, in the region 186b of the connection line 178, is subject to less fluctuations.
  • the content of heat transfer medium vapor which is provided by the preheater / evaporator region 22, can be stabilized, even if in particular due to
  • the buffer device according to FIG. 6 basically corresponding to the buffer device according to FIG.
  • the separator device 156 is located at the point 1 according to FIG. 6.
  • the coupling point 192 lies at the point 2 according to FIG. 6.
  • a coupling point (the output 174) from the buffer volume 170 lies at the point 3 according to FIG.
  • ⁇ is the effective pressure loss coefficient of the flow of heat transfer medium vapor
  • p g is the density of the heat transfer medium vapor in the flow
  • v g is the flow velocity
  • Mass flow m g of heat transfer medium vapor results in a corrected pressure loss coefficient ⁇ ⁇ , which can be assumed to be constant under turbulent flow conditions.
  • This pressure drop is the pressure drop in the line 190 of the return device 202 including the control valve 196.
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the effective
  • a P g ! _ 2 Ap ' 3 _ 2 - Ap' ! _ 3
  • the curve 204 shows the pressure loss between the points 1 and 2 as a function of the mass flow m g of heat transfer medium vapor.
  • the curves 206, 210, 212 show the proportion of heat transfer medium vapor following the injection point 192 for different geodetic heights h.
  • the system acts self-regulating on the liquid level 194. Furthermore, the behavior is advantageous in that low streams of heat transfer medium vapor has a lower vapor content; This is favorable for the management.
  • a desired steam content can be set via the pressure loss coefficients.
  • the desired and, in particular, passive adjustment via design of the buffer device 154 can be achieved. It is also possible that the adjustment is made by the control valves 196 and / or 200. In particular, the control valves 196 and / or the control valve 200 are manually operable. It is also possible that the control device 198 controls the control valves 196, 200 and, for example, also changes the setting during operation.
  • the buffer volume 170 is dimensioned such that the occurring amounts of liquid heat transfer medium can be safely buffered.
  • the design of the storage device 164 can influence the influence of the hydrostatic pressure on the amount of liquid heat transfer medium fed back. In particular, a design control takes place over the height h.
  • the memory device 164 is assigned a measuring device 212 for the filling level 194 on the liquid heat transfer medium in the buffer volume 170.
  • This measuring device 212 can deliver its measuring signals to the control device 198 so as to obtain, for example, additional control options.
  • the measurement data of the measuring device 212 can also be used, for example, to control the supply of heat transfer medium at further injection points.
  • the arc 188 is formed so that only the corresponding amount of water up to the level 194 in the connecting line 178 when the
  • the coupling point 192 is geodetically below this level 194 so that when stagnation of the flow of heat transfer medium vapor only the lower part of the connecting line 178 can be filled with liquid heat transfer medium.
  • the quantities of heat transfer medium which are As a result of the increase in mass flow of heat transfer medium vapor, it is considerably reduced.
  • the buffer means 154 is particularly spaced from one end of the evaporator part 28, i. H. There is at least one solar collector 36 between the buffer means 174 and the end of the evaporator portion 28 to the superheater area 24 out. Due to the stabilization of the liquid content in the heat transfer medium largely independent of the solar irradiation conditions, a complete evaporation can be achieved at the end of the evaporator part 28. It can then be optionally on one
  • Dispensing device between the evaporator section 28 and the superheater area 24 renounce.
  • the separator device 156 is arranged outside the housing 168 of the memory device 164.
  • the separator 156 is an external separator. It includes, for example, a cyclone separator or a T-branch or a lamella separator or baffle plate separator.
  • a storage device 216 with integrated separator device 218 is provided.
  • the storage device 216 comprises a housing 220 with a buffer volume 222 for liquid heat transfer medium.
  • the housing 220 has an input 224, a first output 226 which is at a geodetically lower level than the input 224, and a second output 228.
  • a two-phase mixture of liquid heat transfer medium and heat transfer medium vapor is introduced into the housing 220 via the inlet 224. coupled.
  • a corresponding separation volume 230 is adjacent to or above the buffer volume 222 within the housing 220.
  • the first outlet 226 opens into the buffer volume 222.
  • Liquid heat transfer medium is then through the return device 202 (for the same elements as in the Buffer means 154 according to Figure 3 are used the same reference elements) coupled into a coupling point 192 of the connecting line 178.
  • Heat transfer medium vapor is coupled via the second output 228 in the connecting line 178.
  • the second output 228 is an output of the separator 218.
  • a memory device 234 with buffer volume 236 is provided.
  • the storage device 234 is arranged in the housing, in which also a separator 238 is seated.
  • a two-phase mixture is coupled via a line 240 at an input 242.
  • liquid heat transfer medium is coupled into a connecting line 248 via a return device 246.
  • the connecting line 248 opens via a second output 250 into the separator 238.
  • heat transfer medium vapor is coupled at the second output.
  • liquid heat transfer medium is coupled into the connecting line 248 from the buffer volume 236.
  • the connecting line 248 is guided with a region 252.
  • this area 252 carries in normal operation, the connecting line 248 a two-phase flow.
  • the line 252 is guided past the buffer volume 236, in particular outside the housing of the storage device 234. It is preferably arranged in front of or behind the housing in order to achieve space-saving construction in the transverse dimensions.
  • the conduit 252 is such that it does not contribute to the outer transverse dimensions of the buffer means 232.
  • the buffer device 232 can be realized with small transverse dimensions. For example, a distance d (compare Figure 5) of the lines 256 and 252 is less than five times the corresponding pipe diameters of these lines 256, 252.
  • the line 256 is a line which opens into the storage device 234 via the input 242.
  • the turbine apparatus The turbine apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un étage de production de vapeur héliothermique qui permet de compenser les fluctuations dans le temps du courant de fluide caloporteur liquide produit, comprenant un équipement solaire au niveau duquel de la vapeur de fluide caloporteur peut être générée à partir d'un fluide caloporteur liquide au moyen du rayonnement solaire. L'équipement solaire comprend une zone de préchauffeur/évaporateur et une zone de surchauffeur. Conformément à l'invention, au moins un dispositif tampon disposé au niveau de la zone de préchauffeur/évaporateur comprend un dispositif séparateur servant à séparer le fluide caloporteur liquide et la vapeur de fluide caloporteur à partir d'un mélange biphasique, un dispositif accumulateur servant à accumuler du fluide caloporteur liquide et un dispositif de retour du fluide caloporteur. Le dispositif accumulateur est en liaison fluidique active avec le dispositif séparateur, lequel délivre du fluide caloporteur liquide au dispositif accumulateurn. Au moins une conduite de raccordement est en liaison fluidique active avec le dispositif séparateur, lequel injecte de la vapeur de fluide caloporteur dans ladite conduite de raccordement, et le dispositif de retour réalise une liaison fluidique active du dispositif accumulateur avec ladite conduite de raccordement, le fluide caloporteur liquide accumulé temporairement dans le dispositif accumulateur pouvant être injecté dans ladite conduite de raccordement.
PCT/EP2013/073390 2012-12-04 2013-11-08 Étage de production de vapeur héliothermique, centrale héliothermique et procédé d'exploitation d'un étage de production de vapeur héliothermique WO2014086549A1 (fr)

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DE102012111775.6 2012-12-04
DE102012111775.6A DE102012111775B4 (de) 2012-12-04 2012-12-04 Solarthermische Dampferzeugungsstufe, solarthermisches Kraftwerk und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solarthermischen Dampferzeugungsstufe

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CN106870020B (zh) * 2017-02-13 2018-06-26 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 一种发电系统
CN109973284B (zh) * 2017-12-28 2021-09-10 平高集团有限公司 一种清洁能源储能蓄能与海水淡化联产系统

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DE102009025455A1 (de) * 2009-06-15 2011-01-05 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zur Erzeugung von überhitztem Dampf an einem solarthermischen Kraftwerk und solarthermisches Kraftwerk
DE102009047204B9 (de) * 2009-11-26 2013-12-19 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren, Regelungseinrichtung zum Betreiben eines solarthermischen Kraftwerks und Verfahren zum Anfahren eines solarthermischen Kraftwerks
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DE102006021972A1 (de) * 2006-05-03 2007-11-08 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Solarthermisches Kraftwerk und Verfahren zur Umwandlung von thermischer Energie in elektrische/mechanische Energie
US20110127773A1 (en) * 2009-12-01 2011-06-02 General Electric Company System for generation of power using solar energy

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