WO2014073547A1 - 発電システム及び発電システムにおける燃料電池排気の冷却方法 - Google Patents
発電システム及び発電システムにおける燃料電池排気の冷却方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014073547A1 WO2014073547A1 PCT/JP2013/079945 JP2013079945W WO2014073547A1 WO 2014073547 A1 WO2014073547 A1 WO 2014073547A1 JP 2013079945 W JP2013079945 W JP 2013079945W WO 2014073547 A1 WO2014073547 A1 WO 2014073547A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04343—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/0435—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04402—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/0441—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04716—Temperature of fuel cell exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power generation system that combines a fuel cell, a gas turbine, and a steam turbine, and a method for cooling the fuel cell exhaust in the power generation system.
- SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
- Patent Document 1 various types of power generation systems that can achieve high-efficiency power generation have been proposed in which SOFCs, gas turbines, and steam turbines are combined.
- the combined system described in Patent Document 1 includes an SOFC, a gas turbine combustor that burns exhaust fuel gas and exhaust air discharged from the SOFC, and a compressor that compresses air and supplies the compressed fuel to the SOFC.
- a gas turbine is provided.
- exhaust exhaust air or exhaust fuel gas
- exhaust fuel gas reaches 450 ° C. during rated operation.
- exhaust air line (pipe) for sending exhaust air to the gas turbine combustor and the exhaust fuel line (pipe) for sending exhaust fuel gas to the gas turbine combustor are assumed to exceed the temperature during rated operation. It is necessary to design pipe materials and pipe thickness that can withstand temperature.
- the present invention solves the above-described problem, and protects an exhaust line (pipe) for sending exhaust gas even when the temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell exceeds the temperature during rated operation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a power generation system capable of cooling the fuel cell exhaust in the power generation system.
- a power generation system includes a fuel cell, an exhaust line that sends exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell, a temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell, or a temperature of the exhaust line.
- the exhaust cooling device is started to cool the exhaust and The exhaust temperature can be lowered.
- the assumed temperature for designing the exhaust line can be determined and the assumed temperature can be set to a temperature close to the rated operation of the fuel cell, a safe design that does not increase the manufacturing cost can be performed.
- the exhaust cooling unit is provided in the coolant storage unit that stores the coolant, the coolant supply line that connects the exhaust line and the coolant storage unit, and the coolant supply line.
- a coolant pump that is provided in the coolant supply line and sends the coolant from the coolant storage unit to the exhaust line, and the control unit is controlled by the temperature detector. When the detected temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature, the coolant on-off valve is controlled to open and the coolant pump is driven.
- the coolant on-off valve is opened and the coolant pump is driven. By doing so, the exhaust can be cooled and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust can be lowered.
- water is stored as a coolant in the coolant storage unit.
- the power generation system of the present invention includes a water recovery unit that extracts and recovers water precipitated in the system, and the water recovered by the water recovery unit is stored as a coolant in the coolant storage unit. To do.
- the water precipitated in the system can be effectively used as a coolant.
- a pressure detector for detecting the pressure of the exhaust line is provided, and the control unit is configured such that the pressure for sending the coolant of the coolant pump is based on the pressure detected by the pressure detector.
- the coolant pump is controlled to be higher than the pressure in the exhaust line.
- the exhaust line is an exhaust air line for sending exhaust air exhausted from the fuel cell.
- the exhaust air when the exhaust temperature of the exhaust air discharged from the fuel cell exceeds the temperature during rated operation, the exhaust air can be cooled and the exhaust air exhaust temperature can be lowered. As a result, it is possible to prevent the exhaust air line for sending exhaust air from being damaged by high temperatures.
- the assumed temperature for designing the exhaust air line can be determined and this constant temperature can be set to a temperature close to the rated operation of the fuel cell, a safe design that does not increase the manufacturing cost can be performed. .
- the exhaust line is an exhaust fuel line for sending exhaust fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell.
- the exhaust fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell exceeds the temperature during rated operation, the exhaust fuel gas can be cooled and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust fuel gas can be lowered. As a result, it is possible to prevent the exhaust fuel line for sending the exhaust fuel gas from being damaged due to high temperature.
- the assumed temperature for designing the exhaust fuel line can be determined and the assumed temperature can be set to a temperature close to the rated operation of the fuel cell, it is possible to design safely and without increasing the manufacturing cost. .
- the cooling method of the fuel cell exhaust in the power generation system of the present invention includes a step of sending exhaust discharged from the fuel cell through an exhaust line, and when the temperature of the exhaust discharged from the fuel cell exceeds a predetermined temperature, And a step of cooling the exhaust of the exhaust line.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cooling device in a power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating a part of the coolant supply unit of the cooling device in the power generation system according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating a part of the coolant supply unit of the cooling device in the power generation system according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram illustrating a part of the coolant supply unit of the cooling device in the power generation system according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of cooling of the solid oxide fuel cell exhaust in the power generation system of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of coolant replenishment in the power generation system of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart when the coolant is supplied in the power generation system of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating the power generation system of the present embodiment.
- the power generation system of this embodiment is a triple combined cycle (registered trademark) in which a solid oxide fuel cell (hereinafter referred to as SOFC), a gas turbine, and a steam turbine are combined.
- SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
- gas turbine gas turbine
- steam turbine steam turbine
- This triple combined cycle realizes extremely high power generation efficiency because it can generate power in three stages: SOFC, gas turbine, and steam turbine by installing SOFC upstream of gas turbine combined cycle power generation (GTCC). be able to.
- GTCC gas turbine combined cycle power generation
- a solid oxide fuel cell is applied as the fuel cell of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to this type of fuel cell.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cooling device in a power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 2 to 4 are configurations illustrating a part of a coolant supply unit of the cooling device in the power generation system according to the present embodiment.
- FIGS. 5 and 5 are flowcharts of cooling of SOFC exhaust in the power generation system of the present embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of replenishing coolant in the power generation system of the present embodiment
- FIG. 7 is cooling in the power generation system of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a power generation system according to the present embodiment.
- the power generation system 10 includes a gas turbine 11 and a generator 12, a SOFC 13, a steam turbine 14 and a generator 15.
- the power generation system 10 is configured to obtain high power generation efficiency by combining power generation by the gas turbine 11, power generation by the SOFC 13, and power generation by the steam turbine 14.
- the gas turbine 11 includes a compressor 21, a combustor 22, and a turbine 23, and the compressor 21 and the turbine 23 are coupled to each other by a rotary shaft 24 so as to be integrally rotatable.
- the compressor 21 compresses the air A taken in from the air intake line 25.
- the combustor 22 mixes and combusts the compressed air A ⁇ b> 1 supplied from the compressor 21 through the first compressed air supply line 26 and the fuel gas L ⁇ b> 1 supplied from the first fuel gas supply line 27.
- the turbine 23 is rotated by exhaust gas (combustion gas) G supplied from the combustor 22 through the exhaust gas supply line 28. Although not shown, the turbine 23 is compressed by the compressor 21 and supplied with compressed air A1 through the passenger compartment.
- the blades and the like are cooled by using the compressed air A1 as cooling air.
- the generator 12 is provided on the same axis as the turbine 23 and can generate electric power when the turbine 23 rotates.
- liquefied natural gas LNG is used as the fuel gas L1 supplied to the combustor 22.
- the SOFC 13 generates power by reacting at a predetermined operating temperature by being supplied with high-temperature fuel gas as a reducing agent and high-temperature air (oxidizing gas) as an oxidant.
- the SOFC 13 is configured by accommodating an air electrode, a solid electrolyte, and a fuel electrode in a pressure vessel. Compressed air is supplied to the air electrode, and fuel gas is supplied to the fuel electrode to generate power.
- the fuel gas L2 supplied to the SOFC 13 for example, liquefied natural gas (LNG), hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon gas such as methane (CH 4 ), carbon such as coal, etc. Gas produced by gasification equipment for quality raw materials is used.
- the compressed air supplied to the SOFC 13 is an oxidizing gas containing approximately 15% to 30% oxygen.
- air is suitable, but in addition to air, a mixed gas of combustion exhaust gas and air.
- a mixed gas of oxygen and air can be used (hereinafter, the oxidizing gas supplied to the SOFC 13 is referred to as air).
- the SOFC 13 is connected to a second compressed air supply line (compressed air supply line) 31 branched from the first compressed air supply line 26, and a part of the compressed air A2 compressed by the compressor 21 is used as an introduction portion of the air electrode. Can be supplied.
- a control valve 32 capable of adjusting the amount of air to be supplied and a blower 33 capable of increasing the pressure of the compressed air A2 are provided along the air flow direction.
- the control valve 32 is provided on the upstream side of the second compressed air supply line 31 in the air flow direction, and the blower 33 is provided on the downstream side of the control valve 32.
- the SOFC 13 is connected to an exhaust air line 34 that exhausts exhaust air A3 used at the air electrode.
- the exhaust air line 34 is branched into an exhaust line 35 for exhausting the exhaust air A3 used at the air electrode to the outside, and a compressed air circulation line 36 connected to the combustor 22.
- the exhaust line 35 and the compressed air circulation line 36 are also referred to as an exhaust air line 34.
- the discharge line 35 is provided with a control valve 37 capable of adjusting the amount of air discharged, and the compressed air circulation line 36 is provided with a control valve 38 capable of adjusting the amount of air circulated.
- the SOFC 13 is provided with a second fuel gas supply line 41 for supplying the fuel gas L2 to the introduction portion of the fuel electrode.
- the second fuel gas supply line 41 is provided with a control valve 42 that can adjust the amount of fuel gas to be supplied.
- the SOFC 13 is connected to an exhaust fuel line 43 that exhausts the exhaust fuel gas L3 used at the fuel electrode.
- the exhaust fuel line 43 is branched into an exhaust line 44 that discharges to the outside and an exhaust fuel gas supply line 45 that is connected to the combustor 22. These exhaust line 44 and exhaust fuel gas supply line 45 are also referred to as exhaust fuel line 43.
- the discharge line 44 is provided with a control valve 46 capable of adjusting the amount of fuel gas to be discharged.
- the exhaust fuel gas supply line 45 is provided with a control valve 47 capable of adjusting the amount of fuel gas to be supplied, and a blower 48 capable of boosting fuel. Are provided along the fuel flow direction.
- the control valve 47 is provided upstream of the exhaust fuel gas supply line 45 in the flow direction of the exhaust fuel gas L3, and the blower 48 is provided downstream of the control valve 47 in the flow direction of the exhaust fuel gas L3.
- the SOFC 13 is provided with a fuel gas recirculation line 49 that connects the exhaust fuel line 43 and the second fuel gas supply line 41.
- the fuel gas recirculation line 49 is provided with a recirculation blower 50 that recirculates the exhaust fuel gas L3 of the exhaust fuel line 43 to the second fuel gas supply line 41.
- the steam turbine 14 rotates the turbine 52 with the steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler (HRSG) 51.
- the exhaust heat recovery boiler 51 is connected to an exhaust gas line 53 from the gas turbine 11 (the turbine 23), and generates steam S by exchanging heat between the air and the high temperature exhaust gas G.
- the steam turbine 14 (turbine 52) is provided with a steam supply line 54 and a water supply line 55 between the exhaust heat recovery boiler 51.
- the water supply line 55 is provided with a condenser 56 and a water supply pump 57.
- the generator 15 is provided coaxially with the turbine 52 and can generate electric power when the turbine 52 rotates.
- the exhaust gas G from which heat has been recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 51 is released to the atmosphere after removing harmful substances.
- the operation of the power generation system 10 of the present embodiment will be described.
- the electric power generation system 10 starts in order of the gas turbine 11, the steam turbine 14, and SOFC13.
- the compressor 21 compresses the air A
- the combustor 22 mixes and burns the compressed air A1 and the fuel gas L1
- the turbine 23 is rotated by the exhaust gas G. 12 starts power generation.
- the turbine 52 is rotated by the steam S generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 51, whereby the generator 15 starts power generation.
- the compressed air A ⁇ b> 2 is supplied to start pressure increase and heating is started.
- the control valve 37 of the discharge line 35 and the control valve 38 of the compressed air circulation line 36 closed and the blower 33 of the second compressed air supply line 31 stopped, the control valve 32 is opened by a predetermined opening.
- a part of the compressed air A2 compressed by the compressor 21 is supplied from the second compressed air supply line 31 to the SOFC 13 side.
- the pressure on the SOFC 13 side increases as the compressed air A2 is supplied.
- the fuel gas L2 is supplied and pressure increase is started.
- the control valve 46 of the exhaust line 44 and the control valve 47 of the exhaust fuel gas supply line 45 closed and the blower 48 stopped, the control valve 42 of the second fuel gas supply line 41 is opened and the fuel gas is recirculated.
- the recirculation blower 50 of the line 49 is driven.
- the fuel gas L2 is supplied from the second fuel gas supply line 41 to the SOFC 13 side, and the exhaust fuel gas L3 is recirculated by the fuel gas recirculation line 49.
- the pressure on the SOFC 13 side is increased by supplying the fuel gas L2.
- the control valve 32 When the pressure on the air electrode side of the SOFC 13 becomes the outlet pressure of the compressor 21, the control valve 32 is fully opened and the blower 33 is driven. At the same time, the control valve 37 is opened and the exhaust air A3 from the SOFC 13 is exhausted from the exhaust line 35. Then, the compressed air A2 is pressurized by the blower 33 and then supplied to the SOFC 13 side. At the same time, the control valve 46 is opened, and the exhaust fuel gas L3 from the SOFC 13 is discharged from the discharge line 44. When the pressure on the air electrode side and the pressure on the fuel electrode side in the SOFC 13 reach the target pressure, the pressure increase of the SOFC 13 is completed.
- the control valve 37 is closed and the control valve 38 is opened.
- the exhaust air A3 from the SOFC 13 is supplied to the combustor 22 from the compressed air circulation line 36.
- the control valve 46 is closed, while the control valve 47 is opened to drive the blower 48.
- the exhaust fuel gas L3 from the SOFC 13 is supplied from the exhaust fuel gas supply line 45 to the combustor 22.
- the fuel gas L1 supplied from the first fuel gas supply line 27 to the combustor 22 is reduced.
- the power generation by the generator 12 by driving the gas turbine 11, the power generation by the SOFC 13, and the power generation by the generator 15 are all performed by driving the steam turbine 14, and the power generation system 10 becomes a steady operation.
- the exhaust (exhaust air A3 or exhaust fuel gas L3) exhausted from the SOFC 13 is at a high temperature.
- the exhaust air A3 reaches 600 ° C.
- the exhaust fuel gas L3 reaches 450 ° C.
- the SOFC 13 is used to lower the exhaust temperature of the exhaust air A3 and the exhaust fuel gas L3 (generally referred to as exhaust gas, the exhaust air A3 and the exhaust fuel gas L3).
- Exhaust gas line 34 for sending exhaust air exhausted from the exhaust gas and exhaust fuel line 43 for sending exhaust fuel gas L3 exhausted from the SOFC 13 (the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust fuel line 43 are collectively referred to as exhaust lines)
- a cooling device (exhaust cooling unit) 61 is provided, and the control device (control unit) 62 drives the exhaust cooling device 61 when the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the SOFC 13 exceeds a predetermined temperature.
- the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust air line 34 is provided in the immediate vicinity of the SOFC 13 of the exhaust air line 34, and includes a coolant storage unit 63, a coolant supply line 64, a coolant on / off valve 65, and coolant pressure feed. Machine 66 and a temperature detector 67 (67a).
- the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust fuel line 43 is provided in the immediate vicinity of the SOFC 13 of the exhaust fuel line 43, and includes a coolant storage unit 63, a coolant supply line 64, a coolant on / off valve 65, It has a coolant pump 66 and a temperature detector 67 (67b). Since the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust fuel line 43 have the same configuration, the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust air line 34 will be mainly described below. explain.
- the coolant storage unit 63 is a container for storing the coolant C.
- the coolant storage unit 63 may be shared by the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust fuel line 43. Note that water is applied to the coolant C here, and this water is stored in the coolant storage unit 63.
- the coolant supply line 64 connects the exhaust line and the coolant storage unit 63. Specifically, the coolant supply line 64 connects the exhaust air line 34 and the coolant storage unit 63 in the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust air line 34. On the other hand, the coolant supply line 64 connects the exhaust fuel line 43 and the coolant storage unit 63 in the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust fuel line 43. As shown in FIG. 2, the coolant supply line 64 is provided with a coolant injection nozzle 64 a inside the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust fuel line 43.
- the coolant injection nozzle 64a shown in FIG. 2 is shown as a single unit, but is not limited thereto. For example, as shown in FIG.
- a coolant supply line 64 is connected to an annular line 64b surrounding the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust fuel line 43, and connected to the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust fuel line 43 from the annular line 64b.
- a plurality of coolant injection nozzles 64 a provided inside the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust fuel line 43 may be connected to the plurality of branch lines 64 c.
- the coolant opening / closing valve 65 is provided in the coolant supply line 64 and opens and closes the coolant supply line 64.
- the coolant pump 66 is provided between the coolant storage unit 63 and the coolant on / off valve 65 on the coolant supply line 64, and sends the coolant C from the coolant storage unit 63 to the exhaust air line 34.
- the temperature detector 67 detects the temperature of the exhaust discharged from the SOFC 13. Specifically, the temperature detector 67a detects the temperature of the exhaust air A3 of the air electrode in the SOFC 13 in the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust air line 34. The temperature detector 67a may be provided in the immediate vicinity of the SOFC 13 of the exhaust air line 34 to detect the temperature of the exhaust air A3 sent to the exhaust air line 34. Further, the temperature detector 67 a may be provided in the immediate vicinity of the SOFC 13 of the exhaust air line 34 to detect the temperature of the exhaust air line 34. On the other hand, the temperature detector 67 b detects the temperature of the exhaust fuel gas L 3 at the fuel electrode in the SOFC 13 in the exhaust cooling device 61 provided in the exhaust fuel line 43.
- the temperature detector 67 b may be provided in the vicinity of the SOFC 13 of the exhaust fuel line 43 and detect the temperature of the exhaust fuel gas L ⁇ b> 3 sent to the exhaust fuel line 43. Further, the temperature detector 67 b may be provided in the immediate vicinity of the SOFC 13 of the exhaust fuel line 43 to detect the temperature of the exhaust fuel line 43.
- the control device 62 stores in advance an upper limit temperature of the exhaust temperature of the exhaust air A3 and the exhaust fuel gas L3 (for example, a predetermined temperature at which the SOFC 13 exceeds the temperature during rated operation). When the exhaust temperature detected by the temperature detector 67 exceeds the upper limit temperature, the control device 62 activates the exhaust cooling device 61.
- step S1: Yes when the exhaust gas temperature rises during the rated operation of the SOFC 13 and the exhaust gas temperature detected by the temperature detector 67 exceeds the upper limit temperature (step S1: Yes), the control device 62 The coolant on / off valve 65 is opened and the coolant pump 66 is driven (step S2). Then, the coolant C is sent out to the exhaust air line 34 from the coolant storage part 63, and is injected into the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust fuel line 43 from the coolant injection nozzle 64a. On the other hand, if the exhaust temperature does not exceed the upper limit temperature (step S1: No), the control device 62 inputs the exhaust temperature detected by the temperature detector 67 again and performs monitoring.
- step S3: Yes When the exhaust temperature detected by the temperature detector 67 falls below the upper limit temperature (step S3: Yes), the control device 62 closes the coolant opening / closing valve 65 and stops the coolant pump 66 (step). S4), this control is terminated, the process returns to step S1, and the exhaust gas temperature detected by the temperature detector 67 is input again for monitoring.
- step S3: No the control device 62 returns to step S2 and continues the opening of the coolant opening / closing valve 65 and the driving of the coolant pump 66.
- the coolant C is injected from the coolant injection nozzle 64a provided in the exhaust line 34. Thereafter, when the exhaust gas temperature detected by the temperature detector 67a falls below the upper limit temperature, the injection of the coolant C from the coolant injection nozzle 64a stops.
- a temperature detector 67 for detecting the temperature of the air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3, or the temperature of the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43, and the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 of the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43 are used.
- the exhaust cooling device 61 is activated, The exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 can be cooled, and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 can be lowered. As a result, it is possible to prevent the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43 for sending the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 from being damaged due to high temperature.
- the assumed temperature for designing the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43 can be determined and the assumed temperature can be set to a temperature close to the rated operation of the SOFC 13, the design is safe and does not increase the manufacturing cost. It can be performed.
- the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 is cooled.
- the exhaust temperature of the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 can be lowered.
- the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43 for sending the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 from being damaged due to high temperature.
- the assumed temperature for designing the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43 can be determined and the assumed temperature can be set to a temperature close to the rated operation of the SOFC 13, the design is safe and does not increase the manufacturing cost. It can be performed.
- the exhaust cooling device 61 is a cooling unit that connects the coolant storage unit 63 that stores the coolant C, and the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43 and the coolant storage unit 63.
- the control device 62 controls the opening of the coolant on-off valve 65 and controls the coolant pressurizer 66 when the temperature detected by the temperature detector 67 exceeds a predetermined temperature. To drive.
- the coolant on / off valve 65 is opened, By driving the coolant pump 66, the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 can be cooled, and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 can be lowered.
- water is stored as the coolant C in the coolant storage unit 63.
- water is used as the coolant C to the exhaust air line 34.
- it is supplied to the exhaust fuel line 43. For this reason, water can be vaporized by touching the high temperature exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3, thereby reducing the temperature of the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3.
- ethyl alcohol or methyl alcohol may be stored in the coolant storage unit 63 in addition to water as the coolant C.
- the temperature of the exhaust fuel gas L3 can be lowered.
- the vaporized ethyl alcohol or methyl alcohol is burned in the combustor 22.
- the power generation system 10 of the present embodiment is provided with a water recovery device (water recovery unit) 71 as shown in FIG.
- the water recovery device 71 extracts and recovers water precipitated in the system.
- the water recovery device 71 can be provided in each line 34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 45, 49 in the power generation system 10, for example.
- FIG. 5 shows a form in which the water recovery device 71 is provided in the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43 as representative of these lines.
- the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43 is supplied with the high-temperature exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 discharged from the SOFC 13 as described above. For this reason, the moisture contained in the exhausted air A3 or the exhausted fuel gas L3 becomes water droplets and deposits inside the exhausted air line 34 or the exhausted fuel line 43.
- the water droplets flow into the combustor 22, there is a possibility that a malfunction occurs in the combustion of the combustor 22. Therefore, this water is extracted by the water recovery device 71 and recovered.
- the water recovery device 71 includes a water recovery mechanism 72, a water recovery container 73, a water recovery line 74, a storage amount detector 75, and a water recovery on / off valve 76.
- the water recovery mechanism 72 is provided, for example, at a low position inside the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43, and has a water recovery machine 72a and a storage part 72b.
- the water recovery machine 72a separates and recovers moisture contained in the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3.
- the water recovery machine 72a is, for example, a device in which a mesh is disposed in the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43 and moisture is attached to the mesh to separate the mesh, or in the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43.
- a plurality of corrugated plates are arranged with a gap between them, and water is attached to the corrugated plates to separate them, or a swirl flow is formed inside the exhausted air line 34 or the exhausted fuel line 43 to thereby provide moisture by centrifugal force.
- There are various forms such as one that separates and one that circulates the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 upward and accumulates moisture downward.
- the reservoir 72b is a recess formed by being recessed downward at a low position inside the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43. In the reservoir 72b, the water separated by the water recovery machine 72a drops and accumulates.
- the water recovery container 73 is a container for storing the water collected in the storage part 72b.
- the water recovery container 73 is provided outside the exhaust air line 34 or the exhaust fuel line 43 and at a position lower than the storage portion 72b.
- the water recovery line 74 sends water collected in the storage part 72 b to the water recovery container 73, and connects the storage part 72 b and the water recovery container 73.
- the storage amount detector 75 is provided in the storage part 72b, and detects the amount of water stored in the storage part 72b.
- the storage amount detected by the storage amount detector 75 is input to the control device 62.
- the water recovery on / off valve 76 is provided in the water recovery line 74 and opens and closes the water recovery line 74. Opening and closing of the water recovery on-off valve 76 is controlled by the control device 62.
- the water recovery device 71 accumulates in the storage unit 72b, and when the storage amount detected by the storage amount detector 75 exceeds a predetermined upper limit amount, the control device 62 controls to open the water recovery on-off valve 76. Then, the water in the reservoir 72 b is sent to the water recovery container 73 via the water recovery line 74. On the other hand, when the water in the storage unit 72b decreases and the storage amount detected by the storage amount detector 75 falls below (or disappears) the predetermined lower limit amount, the control device 62 controls the water recovery on-off valve 76 to close. To do.
- the space above the water in the water recovery container 73 is connected to the combustion facility 78 via the gas discharge line 77.
- the exhaust fuel gas L3 of the exhaust fuel line 43 is sent to the water recovery container 73 together with water, the exhaust fuel gas L3 is sent to the combustion facility 78 through the gas discharge line 77 and burned.
- the water recovery device 71 is connected to the coolant storage unit 63 via a water supply device (water supply unit) 81.
- the water supply device 81 has a water supply line 82 that connects between the water recovery container 73 and the coolant storage unit 63.
- the water supply line 82 is provided with a water supply opening / closing valve 83 and a water supply pumping machine 84.
- the water supply on / off valve 83 opens and closes the water supply line 82. Opening and closing of the water supply on / off valve 83 is controlled by the control device 62.
- the water supply pump 84 sends water from the water recovery container 73 to the water supply line 82.
- the drive of the water supply pump 84 is controlled by the controller 62.
- the coolant storage unit 63 is provided with a storage amount detector 85 that detects the storage amount of the stored water. The storage amount detected by the storage amount detector 85 is input to the control device 62.
- the control device 62 stores a lower limit amount of water stored in the coolant storage unit 63 in advance. Then, when the storage amount detected by the storage amount detector 85 falls below the lower limit amount, the control device 62 activates the water supply device 81.
- step S21: Yes the control device 62 opens the water supply opening / closing valve 83 and drives the water supply pump 84.
- Step S22 the water in the water recovery container 73 in the water recovery device 71 is sent to the coolant storage unit 63 via the water supply line 82.
- step S21: No the control device 62 inputs the storage amount detected by the storage amount detector 85 again and performs monitoring. .
- step S23: Yes the control device 62 closes the water supply opening / closing valve 83 and stops the water supply pump 84 (step S24), ends this control, returns to step S21, and stores the storage amount detected by the storage amount detector 85. Re-enter to monitor.
- step S23: No the control device 62 returns to step S2, and continues to open the water supply on / off valve 83 and drive the water supply pumping machine 84.
- the power generation system 10 includes the water recovery device 71 that extracts and recovers the water precipitated in the system, and the water recovered by the water recovery device 71 is supplied to the coolant storage unit 63. Stored as coolant C.
- a water recovery device 71 that extracts and recovers water precipitated in the system
- a water supply line 82 that connects the water recovery device 71 and the coolant storage unit 63
- a water supply opening / closing valve 83 provided in the water supply line 82
- a water supply pump 84 provided in the water supply line 82 for sending water from the water recovery device 71 to the coolant storage unit 63, and the coolant storage unit 63.
- a storage amount detector 85 for detecting the amount of water stored in the storage device, and the controller 62 controls the water supply opening / closing valve 83 when the amount of water detected by the storage amount detector 85 falls below a lower limit amount.
- the water supply pressure feeder 84 is driven while opening control is performed.
- the water recovered by the water recovery device 71 and stored in the storage unit 72b can be used as cooling water for the combustor 22 of the turbine 11 in the power generation system 10 in addition to the coolant C.
- a pressure detector 68 (68a) is provided in the exhaust air line 34 as an exhaust line, and a pressure detector 68 (68b) is provided in the exhaust fuel line 43. ing. These pressure detectors 68 detect the pressure of the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust fuel line 43. The pressure detected by the pressure detector 68 is input to the control device 62.
- the control device 62 controls the coolant pump 66 based on the pressure detected by the pressure detector 68.
- step S31 the controller 62 controls the coolant pump 66 to increase the number of revolutions of the coolant pump 66, for example.
- the pressure to be pumped is increased (step S32).
- step S31: No the control device 62 inputs the pressure detected by the pressure detector 68 again. Monitor.
- step S33: Yes if the line pressure detected by the pressure detector 68 is lower than the pump pressure in the coolant pump 66 ( In step S33: Yes), the control device 62 ends this control, returns to step S31, and inputs the pressure detected by the pressure detector 68 again for monitoring.
- step S33: No if the line pressure detected by the pressure detector 68 is not lower than the pressure of the pump in the coolant pump 66 (step S33: No), the control device 62 returns to step S32 and returns to the coolant pump 66. Is controlled, the coolant pump 66 is controlled, and the pressure for pumping the coolant C is increased.
- the power generation system 10 of the present embodiment includes the pressure detector 68 that detects the pressure of the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust fuel line 43, and the control device 62 adjusts the pressure detected by the pressure detector 68. Based on this, the coolant pump 66 is controlled so that the pressure at which the coolant C from the coolant pump 66 is sent out is higher than the pressure in the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust fuel line 43.
- the pressure increases as the temperature of the exhaust air A3 exhausted from the SOFC 13 increases, or when the pressure increases as the temperature of the exhaust fuel gas L3 exhausted from the SOFC 13, the pressure is reduced. Detected by the detector 68, the pressure at which the coolant pump 66 pumps the coolant C is increased. For this reason, the coolant C can be reliably sent to the exhaust air line 34 and the exhaust fuel line 43, and the temperature of the exhaust air A3 or the exhaust fuel gas L3 can be reliably lowered.
- the exhaust line is the exhaust air line 34 for sending the exhaust air A3 exhausted from the SOFC 13.
- the exhaust air A3 discharged from the SOFC 13 exceeds the temperature during the rated operation, the exhaust air A3 can be cooled and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust air A3 can be lowered. As a result, it is possible to prevent the exhaust air line 34 for sending the exhaust air A3 from being damaged due to high temperature. Moreover, since the assumed temperature which designs the exhaust air line 34 can be determined and this assumed temperature can be set to the temperature close
- the exhaust line is the exhaust fuel line 43 for sending the exhaust fuel gas L3 exhausted from the SOFC 13.
- the exhaust fuel gas L3 discharged from the SOFC 13 exceeds the temperature during rated operation, the exhaust fuel gas L3 can be cooled and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust fuel gas L3 can be lowered. As a result, it is possible to prevent the exhaust fuel line 43 for sending the exhaust fuel gas L3 from being damaged due to high temperature.
- the assumed temperature for designing the exhaust fuel line 43 can be determined and the assumed temperature can be set to a temperature close to the rated operation of the SOFC 13, it is possible to perform a design that is safe and does not increase the manufacturing cost. .
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Abstract
Description
13 SOFC(固体酸化物形燃料電池:燃料電池)
34 排空気ライン(排気ライン)
43 排燃料ライン(排気ライン)
61 排気冷却装置(排気冷却部)
62 制御装置(制御部)
63 冷却材貯蔵部
64 冷却材供給ライン
65 冷却材開閉弁
66 冷却材圧送機
67 温度検出器
68 圧力検出器
71 水回収装置(水回収部)
81 水供給装置(水供給部)
82 水供給ライン
83 水供給開閉弁
84 水供給圧送機
85 貯蔵量検出器
Claims (8)
- 燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池から排出される排気を送る排気ラインと、
前記燃料電池から排出される排気の温度または前記排気ラインの温度を検出する温度検出器と、
前記排気ラインの排気を冷却する排気冷却部と、
前記温度検出器により検出された温度が所定温度を超えた場合、前記排気冷却部を起動する制御部と、
を有することを特徴とする発電システム。 - 前記排気冷却部が、
冷却材を貯蔵する冷却材貯蔵部と、
前記排気ラインと前記冷却材貯蔵部とを接続する冷却材供給ラインと、
前記冷却材供給ラインに設けられた冷却材開閉弁と、
前記冷却材供給ラインに設けられて前記冷却材貯蔵部から前記排気ラインに冷却材を送り出す冷却材圧送機と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、前記温度検出器により検出された温度が所定温度を超えた場合、前記冷却材開閉弁を開放制御すると共に前記冷却材圧送機を駆動することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発電システム。 - 前記冷却材貯蔵部に冷却材として水が貯蔵されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の発電システム。
- システム内に析出する水を抜き出して回収する水回収部を備え、当該水回収部で回収される水が前記冷却材貯蔵部に冷却材として水が貯蔵されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の発電システム。
- 前記排気ラインの圧力を検出する圧力検出器を備え、
前記制御部は、前記圧力検出器で検出した圧力に基づき、前記冷却材圧送機の冷却材を送り出す圧力が前記排気ラインの圧力よりも高くなるように前記冷却材圧送機を制御することを特徴とする請求項2~4のいずれか一つに記載の発電システム。 - 前記排気ラインが、前記燃料電池から排出される排空気を送る排空気ラインであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一つに記載の発電システム。
- 前記排気ラインが、前記燃料電池から排出される排燃料ガスを送る排燃料ラインであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一つに記載の発電システム。
- 燃料電池から排出される排気を排気ラインで送る工程と、
前記燃料電池から排出される排気の温度が所定温度を超えた場合、前記排気ラインの排気を冷却する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする発電システムにおける燃料電池排気の冷却方法。
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US14/440,452 US9831505B2 (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-11-05 | Power generation system and method for cooling fuel cell exhaust in power generation system |
DE112013005350.0T DE112013005350T5 (de) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-11-05 | Energieerzeugungssystem und Verfahren zum Kühlen von Brennstoffzellenabgas in Einem Energieerzeugungssystem |
CN201380058074.4A CN104781969B (zh) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-11-05 | 发电系统及发电系统中的燃料电池排气的冷却方法 |
KR1020157011990A KR101766559B1 (ko) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-11-05 | 발전 시스템 및 발전 시스템에 따른 연료 전지 배기의 냉각 방법 |
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KR101815006B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-13 | 2018-01-09 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 광 도파로를 이용한 벤딩 및 접촉 측정 장치 및 방법 |
JP6620890B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-10 | 2019-12-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム、及び、燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
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DE112013005350T5 (de) | 2015-07-16 |
CN104781969A (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
KR20150067328A (ko) | 2015-06-17 |
CN104781969B (zh) | 2017-11-03 |
KR101766559B1 (ko) | 2017-08-08 |
US9831505B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
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