WO2014073436A1 - ハイブリッドショベル及びハイブリッドショベルの制御方法 - Google Patents
ハイブリッドショベル及びハイブリッドショベルの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014073436A1 WO2014073436A1 PCT/JP2013/079457 JP2013079457W WO2014073436A1 WO 2014073436 A1 WO2014073436 A1 WO 2014073436A1 JP 2013079457 W JP2013079457 W JP 2013079457W WO 2014073436 A1 WO2014073436 A1 WO 2014073436A1
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- engine
- rotational speed
- motor generator
- speed
- hybrid excavator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
- F15B11/05—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed specially adapted to maintain constant speed, e.g. pressure-compensated, load-responsive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
- B60W30/1884—Avoiding stall or overspeed of the engine
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/30—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
- E02F3/32—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working downwardly and towards the machine, e.g. with backhoes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
- E02F9/2075—Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
- F15B11/161—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60W2300/17—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
- B60W2710/083—Torque
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/20507—Type of prime mover
- F15B2211/20515—Electric motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/20507—Type of prime mover
- F15B2211/20523—Internal combustion engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/26—Power control functions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hybrid excavator that assists an engine with an electric motor and a control method thereof.
- the engine In an excavator, the engine is usually controlled to maintain a constant rotational speed.
- fuel injection is performed so as to increase the engine torque, and control for maintaining the engine speed is performed.
- the load on the hydraulic pump increases rapidly, the engine torque increase cannot follow, and the engine speed may temporarily decrease. In this case, it becomes necessary to inject fuel in order to return the engine speed to the original speed.
- the engine rotational speed is lowered, so that the movement of the driving cylinder is also deteriorated, and rattling occurs.
- An excavator that assists the engine by controlling the assist motor has been proposed to suppress the occurrence of such problems.
- Such an excavator is generally provided with an electric motor (assist motor) that outputs power for driving the hydraulic pump and assists the engine. And even if the load on the hydraulic pump suddenly increases, it is proposed to drive the assist motor and assist the engine to suppress a decrease in the engine speed and restore it to a constant speed (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
- the assist motor assists the engine to restore the engine speed, but if the assist motor provides all the torque for restoring the engine speed, the engine itself will return to its original constant speed. Loses the power to return. For this reason, the engine torque is always the value obtained by subtracting the assist motor's assist, and if the assist by the assist motor is stopped, the engine speed may fall again.
- an engine whose rotation is controlled at a constant rotational speed, a motor generator that assists the engine, a control unit that controls driving of the motor generator, and the engine are driven.
- a hydraulic pump, and the controller assists the engine with the motor generator when the rotational speed of the engine falls below the constant rotational speed due to a load of the hydraulic pump, and the rotational speed of the engine
- a hybrid excavator is provided in which the assist output of the engine by the motor generator is reduced before the motor returns to the constant rotational speed.
- an engine whose rotation is controlled at a constant rotational speed, a motor generator that assists the engine, a control unit that controls driving of the motor generator, and driving by the engine And a control method of the hybrid excavator, wherein the motor generator assists the engine when the rotational speed of the engine falls below the constant rotational speed due to a load of the hydraulic pump, and the engine
- a hybrid excavator control method is provided in which the assist output of the engine by the motor generator is reduced before the rotational speed of the motor returns to the constant rotational speed.
- the engine speed can be returned to the original constant speed by the self-help effort of the engine.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of an excavator to which the present invention is applied.
- the upper swing body 3 is provided with a cabin 10 and is mounted with a power source such as an engine.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the drive system of the shovel shown in FIG.
- the mechanical power system is indicated by a double line
- the high-pressure hydraulic line is indicated by a thick solid line
- the pilot line is indicated by a broken line
- the electric drive / control system is indicated by a thin solid line.
- the engine 11 as a mechanical drive unit and the motor generator 12 as an assist drive unit are connected to two input shafts of a transmission 13, respectively.
- a main pump 14 and a pilot pump 15 are connected to the output shaft of the transmission 13 as hydraulic pumps.
- a control valve 17 is connected to the main pump 14 via a high pressure hydraulic line 16.
- the main pump 14 is a variable displacement hydraulic pump, and can control the discharge flow rate by adjusting the stroke length of the piston by controlling the angle (tilt angle) of the swash plate.
- the control valve 17 is a control device that controls the hydraulic system in the excavator.
- the hydraulic motors 1A (for right), 1B (for left), the boom cylinder 7, the arm cylinder 8, and the bucket cylinder 9 for the lower traveling body 1 are connected to the control valve 17 via a high-pressure hydraulic line.
- the motor generator 12 is connected to a power storage system 120 including a battery via an inverter 18A.
- An operation device 26 is connected to the pilot pump 15 through a pilot line 25.
- the operating device 26 includes a lever 26A, a lever 26B, and a pedal 26C.
- the lever 26A, the lever 26B, and the pedal 26C are connected to the control valve 17 and the pressure sensor 29 via hydraulic lines 27 and 28, respectively.
- the pressure sensor 29 is connected to a controller 30 that performs drive control of the electric system.
- the excavator shown in FIG. 2 is one in which the turning mechanism 2 is electrically operated, and a turning electric motor 21 is provided to drive the turning mechanism 2.
- a turning electric motor 21 as an electric work element is connected to a power storage system 120 via an inverter 20.
- a resolver 22, a mechanical brake 23, and a turning transmission 24 are connected to the rotating shaft 21 ⁇ / b> A of the turning electric motor 21.
- the turning electric motor 21, the inverter 20, the resolver 22, the mechanical brake 23, and the turning transmission 24 constitute a load drive system.
- the controller 30 is a control device as a main control unit that performs drive control of the excavator.
- the controller 30 is configured by an arithmetic processing unit including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and an internal memory, and is realized by the CPU executing a drive control program stored in the internal memory.
- arithmetic processing unit including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and an internal memory, and is realized by the CPU executing a drive control program stored in the internal memory.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the controller 30 converts the signal supplied from the pressure sensor 29 into a speed command, and performs drive control of the turning electric motor 21.
- the signal supplied from the pressure sensor 29 corresponds to a signal indicating an operation amount when the operation device 26 is operated to turn the turning mechanism 2.
- the controller 30 performs operation control (switching between electric (assist) operation or power generation operation) of the motor generator 12 and also drives and controls the step-up / down converter 100 (see FIG. 3) as a step-up / down control unit.
- Charge / discharge control The controller 30 is a step-up / down converter based on the charged state of the capacitor 19, the operating state of the motor generator 12 (electric (assist) operation or generating operation), and the operating state of the turning motor 21 (power running operation or regenerative operation) Switching control between 100 step-up operations and step-down operations is performed, and thereby charge / discharge control of the capacitor 19 is performed. Further, the controller 30 calculates the charge rate SOC of the battery (capacitor) based on the battery voltage value detected by the battery voltage detector.
- the engine 11 is provided with a tachometer 11 a that detects the number of revolutions, and a detection value (rotation value) of the tachometer 11 a is supplied to the controller 30.
- the controller 30 constantly monitors the detection value of the tachometer 11a and controls the driving of the motor generator 12 based on the detection value of the tachometer 11a as will be described later.
- the engine control unit and the motor generator control unit may be configured by separate controllers.
- the engine control unit and the motor generator control unit are included in the control unit of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram of the power storage system 120.
- Power storage system 120 includes a capacitor 19 as a power storage device, a step-up / down converter 100, and a DC bus 110.
- the DC bus 110 controls transmission and reception of electric power among the capacitor 19, the motor generator 12, and the turning electric motor 21.
- the capacitor 19 is provided with a capacitor voltage detector 112 for detecting a capacitor voltage value and a capacitor current detector 113 for detecting a capacitor current value.
- the capacitor voltage value and the capacitor current value detected by the capacitor voltage detection unit 112 and the capacitor current detection unit 113 are supplied to the controller 30.
- the step-up / step-down converter 100 performs control to switch between the step-up operation and the step-down operation so that the DC bus voltage value falls within a certain range according to the operating state of the motor generator 12 and the turning electric motor 21.
- the DC bus 110 is disposed between the inverters 18 ⁇ / b> A and 20 and the step-up / down converter 100, and transfers power between the capacitor 19, the motor generator 12, and the turning motor 21.
- the switching control between the step-up / step-down operation of the buck-boost converter 100 is detected by the DC bus voltage value detected by the DC bus voltage detection unit, the capacitor voltage value detected by the capacitor voltage detection unit 112, and the capacitor current detection unit 113. Is performed based on the capacitor current value.
- the electric power generated by the motor generator 12 which is an assist motor is supplied to the DC bus 110 of the power storage system 120 via the inverter 18A, and is supplied to the capacitor 19 via the step-up / down converter 100.
- the regenerative power generated by the regenerative operation of the turning electric motor 21 is supplied to the DC bus 110 of the power storage system 120 via the inverter 20 and supplied to the capacitor 19 via the step-up / down converter 100.
- Capacitor 19 may be a chargeable / dischargeable capacitor so that power can be exchanged with DC bus 110 via buck-boost converter 100.
- the capacitor 19 is used as a capacitor.
- a secondary battery that can be charged and discharged such as a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion capacitor, or any other device that can exchange power.
- a form of power supply may be used.
- control is performed so as to maintain the rotational speed of the engine 11 at a predetermined constant rotational speed during work even when the engine 11 is loaded or not.
- the constant rotation speed control of the engine 11 is normally performed by a control unit (ECU) of the engine 11.
- the constant rotation number maintained by the engine 11 is RE1 (for example, 1800 rpm).
- the motor generator 12 when the rotational speed of the engine 11 decreases to a predetermined rotational speed RE2 (for example, 1750 rpm) or less due to an increase in load, the motor generator 12 is electrically operated to assist the engine 11, and the engine 11 Control is performed so that the number of revolutions 11 returns to a constant number of revolutions RE1.
- the control method described below is performed by the controller 30 that controls the entire shovel.
- the control method is not limited to the controller 30, and a dedicated control unit may be provided.
- the target rotational speed RM1 of the motor generator 12 when assisting the engine 11 is set to the constant rotational speed ( The target rotational speed) is set lower than the rotational speed corresponding to RE1, and the motor generator 12 is electrically operated.
- the target rotational speed RM1 of the motor generator 12 is set to a constant rotational speed (target The number of revolutions may be set to be equal to or less than the number of revolutions obtained by multiplying N by RE1.
- the target rotational speed RM1 of the motor generator 12 is set to a constant rotational speed (target rotational speed) of the engine 11. Number) It may be set to RE1 or less. In the present embodiment, description will be made on the assumption that the ratio of the rotational speed of the motor generator 12 and the rotational speed of the engine 11 in the transmission 13 is 1: 1.
- Setting the target rotational speed RM1 of the motor generator 12 to be equal to or lower than the constant rotational speed (target rotational speed) RE1 of the engine 11 means that the target rotational speed RE1 of the engine 11 and the target rotational speed RM1 of the motor generator 12 are Is to make a difference between.
- the engine rotational speed By providing a difference in the target rotational speed between the engine 11 and the motor generator 12, it is necessary to return the engine rotational speed to the target rotational speed RE1 after the rotational speed of the engine 11 temporarily decreases from the target rotational speed RE1.
- the engine 11 instead of covering all of the torque with the output torque of the motor generator 12, the engine 11 itself can increase the torque so that it returns to the target rotational speed RE1.
- the above-described assist control according to the present embodiment is achieved by the above-described controller 30 that controls the drive of the excavator controlling the drive of the motor generator 12.
- the controller 30 controls the drive of the excavator controlling the drive of the motor generator 12.
- FIG. 4 shows the number of rotations of the engine 11 and the motor generator 12 until the rotation speed of the engine 11 returns to the original fixed rotation speed by assisting the motor generator 12 when the rotation speed of the engine 11 decreases.
- 3 is a time chart showing an example of torque and torque change of an engine 11;
- FIG. 4A is a time chart showing a change in the rotational speed of the engine 11, where the change in the engine speed when the assist control according to this example is performed is indicated by a solid line, and the assist control according to this example is not performed.
- the change in engine speed is indicated by a dotted line.
- FIG. 4B is a time chart showing changes in torque of the motor generator 12.
- FIG. 4C is a time chart showing a change in torque of the engine 11.
- the change in the engine torque when the assist control according to this example is performed is indicated by a solid line, and the engine when the assist control according to this example is not performed.
- the change in torque is indicated by a dotted line.
- the load on the engine 11 is small, and the engine 11 is maintained at a constant rotation speed (target rotation speed RE1 (for example, 1800 rpm)). Therefore, until time t1, the torque of the engine 11 is small as shown in FIG. Further, since it is not necessary to perform the assist by the motor generator 12, the motor generator 12 is not performing the assist operation, and the torque of the motor generator 12 is zero as shown in FIG. 4B.
- target rotation speed RE1 for example, 1800 rpm
- the engine speed starts to decrease as shown in FIG. Since the load applied to the engine 11 is large, the engine speed continues to decrease, and at time t2, the engine speed decreases to a preset rotational speed RE2 (for example, 1750 rpm). Then, in the present embodiment, the above-described assist control is started. Specifically, the controller 30 monitors the rotational value of the engine 11 supplied from the tachometer 11a, and determines that the rotational value of the engine 11 has become equal to or less than the set rotational speed RE2. Drive and start assist control.
- a preset rotational speed RE2 for example, 1750 rpm
- the motor generator 12 Since the motor generator 12 is electrically operated (assist operation) at time t2, as shown in FIG. 4B, the torque of the motor generator 12 rapidly increases from time t2. Since the torque of the motor generator 12 is added to the torque of the engine 11 and the driving of the engine 11 is assisted, the decrease in the rotation speed of the engine 11 that has continued to decrease due to the load stops and the engine rotation speed increases. Turn. On the other hand, when the assist control according to the present embodiment is not performed, as indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 4A, the rotational speed of the engine 11 greatly decreases without increasing even after the time t2.
- the engine speed starts to increase and recovers to the set speed RE2 (for example, 1750 rpm) when the above-described assist control is started.
- the target rotational speed RM1 of the motor generator 12 in the assist control is set to a rotational speed corresponding to the set rotational speed RE2 of the engine 11 described above.
- the target rotation speed RM1 of the motor generator 12 is set to a rotation speed equal to the set rotation speed RE2 of the engine 11.
- the rotational speed of the engine 11 is still the set rotational speed RE2, which is lower than the target rotational speed RE1, so that the constant rotational speed control of the engine 11 operates and the torque of the engine 11 still increases.
- the rotational speed of the engine 11 increases after time t3 and reaches the target rotational speed RE1. That is, the rotational speed of the engine 11 increases to the target rotational speed RE1 only by the constant rotational speed control performed on the engine 11 after the time t3 when the assist by the motor generator 12 ends.
- the engine 11 can always output torque by reducing the assist force of the motor generator 12 before the rotational speed of the engine 11 returns to the target rotational speed RE1 of the engine 11.
- the motor generator 12 may be controlled to perform a power generation operation.
- the load on the engine 11 increases, and a brake is applied while attempting to further increase the engine speed to the target speed RE1. Therefore, in this example, when the engine speed becomes higher than the set speed RE2 (that is, when the speed of the motor generator 12 becomes higher than the target speed RM1), the power generation operation of the motor generator 12 is prohibited.
- the engine speed can be rapidly increased from the set speed RE2 to the target speed RE1.
- the engine speed continues to decrease after time t2, and the effect of increasing the fuel injection amount by the constant rotation control is finally obtained near time t3.
- the decrease in engine speed stops. That is, the increase in torque by increasing the fuel injection amount of the engine 11 is not responsive, so even if the constant rotation speed control works after the time t1, the engine rotation speed decreases until the time t3. End up.
- the motor generator 12 is more responsive than the engine 11, and when the engine speed is reduced to the set speed RE2, the torque of the motor generator 12 is applied to the engine 11 in a short time. Immediately starts to rise.
- the engine speed finally increases after time t3, and returns to the target speed RE1 at time t4.
- the assist control according to this example is not performed, in the example shown in FIG. 4, the engine speed increases after the time t ⁇ b> 3, but when the load on the engine 11 is large, the engine speed continues to decrease. In the worst case, the engine 11 may stop.
- the motor generator 12 when the rotational speed of the engine 11 decreases, the motor generator 12 is electrically operated (assist operation), thereby suppressing a decrease in the engine rotational speed.
- the assist control according to this example when the rotational speed of the engine 11 returns to the set rotational speed RE2 lower than the target rotational speed RE1 of the engine 11, the assist by the motor generator 12 is stopped there. Thereby, between the set rotational speed RE2 and the target rotational speed RE1, the rotational speed is increased by the torque of the engine 11 itself, and the constant rotational speed control of the engine 11 can be appropriately performed.
- the motor / generator 12 assists the engine 11 until the engine speed increases to a set speed RE2 lower than the target speed RE1 of the engine 11, and thereafter stops the assist.
- the constant rotation speed control for maintaining the target rotation speed RE1 works appropriately, and the target rotation speed RE1 can be maintained by increasing the engine rotation speed to the target rotation speed RE1 with the torque of the engine 11 itself.
- the assist by the motor generator 12 is continued even after the rotation speed of the engine 11 starts to increase from the decrease. Specifically, an assist for increasing the engine speed is performed until the engine speed is restored to the set speed RE2 that is the engine speed corresponding to the target speed RM1 of the motor generator 12. However, the engine speed is maintained so as not to decrease below the predetermined speed by the assist using the motor generator 12, and the engine speed from the predetermined speed to the target speed RE1 is controlled by the constant speed control of the engine 11. A return may be made. That is, the motor generator 12 performs only the action of suppressing a decrease in the engine speed, and the increase in the engine 11 speed may be performed by constant engine speed control of the engine 11.
- the assist control by the controller 30 will be described.
- FIG. 5 shows the rotation speed of the engine 11 and the motor generator 12 until the rotation speed of the engine 11 returns to the original fixed rotation speed by assisting the motor generator 12 when the rotation speed of the engine 11 decreases.
- 6 is a time chart showing another example of the torque change of the engine 11 and the torque of the engine 11.
- FIG. 5A is a time chart showing a change in the rotational speed of the engine 11, where the change in the engine speed when the assist control according to this example is performed is indicated by a solid line, and the assist control according to this example is not performed.
- the change in engine speed is indicated by a dotted line.
- FIG. 5B is a time chart showing changes in torque of the motor generator 12.
- FIG. 5C is a time chart showing a change in the torque of the engine 11.
- the change in the engine torque when the assist control according to this example is performed is indicated by a solid line, and the engine when the assist control according to this example is not performed.
- the change in torque is indicated by a dotted line.
- time t1 it is the same as the example of the assist control shown in FIG. That is, the load of the engine 11 is small, and the engine 11 is maintained at a constant rotation speed (target rotation speed RE1 (for example, 1800 rpm)). Therefore, until time t1, the torque of the engine 11 is small as shown in FIG. Further, since it is not necessary to perform the assist by the motor generator 12, the motor generator 12 is not performing the assist operation, and the torque of the motor generator 12 is zero as shown in FIG. 5B.
- target rotation speed RE1 for example, 1800 rpm
- time from time t1 to time t2 is the same as the example of the assist control shown in FIG. That is, at time t1, since the load for driving the hydraulic pump (main pump 14) is applied to the engine 11, the engine speed starts to decrease as shown in FIG. Since the load applied to the engine 11 is large, the engine speed continues to decrease, and at time t2, the engine speed decreases to a preset rotational speed RE2 (for example, 1750 rpm). Then, in this example, the assist control described above is started. Specifically, the controller 30 monitors the rotational value of the engine 11 supplied from the tachometer 11a, and determines that the rotational value of the engine 11 has become equal to or less than the set rotational speed RE2. Drive and start assist control.
- a preset rotational speed RE2 for example, 1750 rpm
- the motor generator 12 Since the motor generator 12 is electrically operated (assist operation) at time t2, as shown in FIG. 5B, the torque of the motor generator 12 increases from time t2. And it rises to a predetermined torque. Since the torque of the motor generator 12 is added to the torque of the engine 11 and the driving of the engine 11 is assisted, a decrease in the rotational speed of the engine 11 is suppressed. On the other hand, when the assist control according to the present example is not performed, as indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 5A, the rotational speed of the engine 11 greatly decreases even after the time t2.
- the assist control When the assist control according to this example is started at time t2, the torque of the motor generator 12 increases, and when the torque reaches a predetermined torque, the motor generator 12 performs drive assist of the engine 11 with a substantially constant torque. As a result, the decrease in the rotational speed of the engine 11 is stopped, and the rotational speed of the engine 11 is maintained substantially constant at a predetermined rotational speed lower than the set rotational speed RE2. That is, when the rotational speed of the engine 11 decreases and reaches the predetermined rotational speed, the motor generator 12 drives the engine 11 with a torque necessary to maintain the rotational speed of the engine 11 at the predetermined rotational speed. May be done.
- the decrease in the rotation speed of the engine 11 stops and the constant rotation speed control of the engine 11 is performed even in a state where the rotation speed of the engine 11 is maintained substantially constant. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5C, the torque of the engine 11 itself continues to increase. In this way, a reduction in engine speed is suppressed to a predetermined speed, and the assist control is performed so as to keep the engine speed at the predetermined speed, so that a load is intentionally applied to the engine 11. it can. As a result, the torque of the engine 11 continues to increase, and the rotational speed of the engine 11 starts to increase due to the increased torque of the engine 11.
- the controller 30 suppresses the decrease in the engine rotational speed up to a predetermined rotational speed, and performs the assist control using the motor generator 12 so as to keep the engine rotational speed at the predetermined rotational speed, whereby the engine 11 can continue to output torque.
- the engine speed continues to increase due to the constant speed control of the engine 11, and reaches the target speed RE1 after time t3.
- the target speed RE1 When the engine speed reaches the target speed RE1, after that, torque for maintaining the target speed RE1 may be output. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5C, the torque slightly decreases after time t3. After that, the torque becomes constant.
- the speed of the motor generator 12 when the engine speed becomes higher than the set speed RE2, the speed of the motor generator 12 also becomes higher than the target speed RM1. Therefore, also in this example, when the engine speed becomes higher than the set speed RE2 (that is, when the speed of the motor generator 12 becomes higher than the target speed RM1), the power generation operation of the motor generator 12 is prohibited. Good. As a result, the engine speed can be quickly increased from the set speed RE2 to the target speed RE1.
- the engine speed continues to decrease after time t2, and the effect of increasing the fuel injection amount by the constant rotation control is finally obtained near time t3.
- the decrease in the rotational speed of the engine 11 stops. That is, the increase in torque by increasing the fuel injection amount of the engine 11 is not responsive, so even if the constant rotation speed control works after the time t1, the engine rotation speed decreases until the time t3. End up.
- the motor generator 12 is more responsive than the engine 11, and when the engine speed is reduced to the set speed RE2, the torque of the motor generator 12 is applied to the engine 11 in a short time. The decline can be immediately suppressed.
- the engine speed finally increases after time t3, and returns to the target speed RE1 at time t4.
- the assist control according to this example is not performed, in the example illustrated in FIG. 5, the engine speed increases after the time t ⁇ b> 3, but when the load on the engine 11 is large, the engine speed decreases. Subsequently, in the worst case, the engine 11 may stop.
- the motor generator 12 when the rotation speed of the engine 11 decreases, the motor generator 12 is electrically operated (assist operation) to suppress the decrease in the engine rotation speed. Further, in the assist control according to the present example, when the engine speed is reduced to a predetermined speed, the torque of the motor generator 12 is controlled so as to be maintained substantially constant at the predetermined speed. And if the rotation speed of the engine 11 begins to raise by the constant rotation speed control by the engine 11, the assist by the motor generator 12 will be stopped. As a result, during the period from the predetermined rotation speed to the target rotation speed RE1, the engine rotation speed is increased by the torque of the engine 11 itself, and the constant rotation speed control of the engine 11 can be appropriately performed.
- the engine 11 is assisted so that the engine speed is held at the predetermined speed when the engine speed is decreased to a predetermined speed lower than the target speed RE1. Then, after the engine speed starts to increase due to the constant speed control of the engine 11, the assist is stopped. Thereby, the constant rotational speed control for maintaining the target rotational speed RE1 works properly, and the target rotational speed RE1 can be maintained by increasing the rotational speed to the target rotational speed RE1 with the torque of the engine 11 itself.
- the set rotational speed RE2 is an arbitrary rotational speed lower than the target rotational speed RE1 if the constant rotational speed control of the engine 11 works. What is necessary is just to determine suitably.
- the assist control is started when the rotational speed of the engine 11 starts to decrease and becomes equal to or lower than the set rotational speed RE2 (time t2), but is not necessarily based on the set rotational speed RE2. do not have to.
- the start of assist control may be determined based on a rotational speed lower than the set rotational speed RE2.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the drive system when the excavator turning mechanism shown in FIG. 2 is hydraulically driven.
- a turning hydraulic motor 2A is connected to the control valve 17, and the turning mechanism 2 is driven by the turning hydraulic motor 2A.
- the constant rotational speed control for maintaining the target rotational speed RE1 works properly, and the engine 11 rotates to the target rotational speed RE1 with its own torque.
- the target rotational speed RE1 can be maintained by increasing the number.
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Abstract
Description
1A、1B 油圧モータ
2 旋回機構
2A 旋回油圧モータ
3 上部旋回体
4 ブーム
5 アーム
6 バケット
7 ブームシリンダ
8 アームシリンダ
9 バケットシリンダ
10 キャビン
11 エンジン
11a 回転計
12 電動発電機
13 変速機
14 メインポンプ
15 パイロットポンプ
16 高圧油圧ライン
17 コントロールバルブ
18A,20 インバータ
19 キャパシタ
21 旋回用電動機
22 レゾルバ
23 メカニカルブレーキ
24 旋回変速機
25 パイロットライン
26 操作装置
26A、26B レバー
26C ペダル
27 油圧ライン
28 油圧ライン
29 圧力センサ
30 コントローラ
100 昇降圧コンバータ
110 DCバス
112 キャパシタ電圧検出部
113 キャパシタ電流検出部
120 蓄電系
Claims (12)
- 一定回転数で回転制御されるエンジンと、
該エンジンをアシストする電動発電機と、
前記電動発電機の駆動を制御する制御部と
前記エンジンで駆動される油圧ポンプと、
を有し、
前記制御部は、前記油圧ポンプの負荷により前記エンジンの回転数が前記一定回転数より低下したときに前記電動発電機で前記エンジンをアシストし、前記エンジンの回転数が前記一定回転数へ復帰する前に、前記電動発電機による前記エンジンのアシスト出力を低減することを特徴とするハイブリッドショベル。 - 請求項1記載のハイブリッドショベルであって、
前記制御部は、前記電動発電機の目標回転数を前記一定回転数に対応する回転数より低い値に設定することを特徴とするハイブリッドショベル。 - 請求項1記載のハイブリッドショベルであって、
前記制御部は、前記エンジンの回転数の検出値が前記電動発電機の目標回転数に対応する回転数以下となると、前記電動発電機による前記エンジンのアシストを開始することを特徴とするハイブリッドショベル。 - 請求項2記載のハイブリッドショベルであって、
前記制御部は、前記電動発電機による前記エンジンのアシスト中に、前記電動発電機の回転数が前記目標回転数に到達した場合、前記電動発電機の回転数を前記目標回転数に維持することを特徴とするハイブリッドショベル。 - 請求項1記載のハイブリッドショベルであって、
前記制御部は、前記エンジンの回転数が前記一定回転数より低下し、前記一定回転数より低い所定回転数に到達した場合において、前記エンジンの回転数を該所定回転数に維持するように、前記電動発電機による前記エンジンのアシストを行うことを特徴とするハイブリッドショベル。 - 請求項1記載のハイブリッドショベルであって、
前記制御部は、前記電動発電機が前記エンジンをアシストしている際に、前記エンジンの回転数の検出値が前記電動発電機の目標回転数に対応する回転数より高いときは、前記電動発電機の発電運転を禁止することを特徴とするハイブリッドショベル。 - 請求項1記載のハイブリッドショベルであって、
前記制御部は、前記電動発電機の回転数を目標回転数に基づいて制御している間も、前記エンジンの出力が上昇するように制御することを特徴とするハイブリッドショベル。 - 一定回転数で回転制御されるエンジンと、該エンジンをアシストする電動発電機と、前記電動発電機の駆動を制御する制御部と、前記エンジンで駆動される油圧ポンプと、有するハイブリッドショベルの制御方法であって、
前記油圧ポンプの負荷により前記エンジンの回転数が前記一定回転数より低下したときに前記電動発電機で前記エンジンをアシストし、前記エンジンの回転数が前記一定回転数へ復帰する前に、前記電動発電機による前記エンジンのアシスト出力を低減することを特徴とするハイブリッドショベルの制御方法。 - 請求項8記載のハイブリッドショベルの制御方法であって、
前記電動発電機の目標回転数を前記一定回転数に対応する回転数より低い値に設定することを特徴とするハイブリッドショベルの制御方法。 - 請求項8記載のハイブリッドショベルの制御方法であって、
前記エンジンの回転数の検出値が前記電動発電機の目標回転数に対応する回転数以下となると、前記電動発電機による前記エンジンのアシストを開始することを特徴とするハイブリッドショベルの制御方法。 - 請求項9記載のハイブリッドショベルの制御方法であって、
前記電動発電機による前記エンジンのアシスト中に、前記電動発電機の回転数が前記目標回転数に到達した場合、前記電動発電機の回転数を前記目標回転数に維持することを特徴とするハイブリッドショベルの制御方法。 - 請求項8記載のハイブリッドショベルであって、
前記エンジンの回転数が前記一定回転数より低下し、前記一定回転数より低い所定回転数に到達した場合において、前記エンジンの回転数を該所定回転数に維持するように、前記電動発電機による前記エンジンのアシストを行うことを特徴とするハイブリッドショベルの制御方法。
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KR1020157011887A KR101998379B1 (ko) | 2012-11-08 | 2013-10-30 | 하이브리드 쇼벨 및 하이브리드 쇼벨의 제어방법 |
JP2014545662A JP6169596B2 (ja) | 2012-11-08 | 2013-10-30 | ハイブリッドショベル及びハイブリッドショベルの制御方法 |
EP13852924.3A EP2918464B1 (en) | 2012-11-08 | 2013-10-30 | Hybrid shovel and hybrid shovel control method |
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KR101112137B1 (ko) * | 2009-07-29 | 2012-02-22 | 볼보 컨스트럭션 이큅먼트 에이비 | 하이브리드식 건설기계의 엔진회전수 변화저감 제어시스템 및 방법 |
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