WO2014063302A1 - 外腔激光器、光发射机及无源光网络系统 - Google Patents

外腔激光器、光发射机及无源光网络系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014063302A1
WO2014063302A1 PCT/CN2012/083364 CN2012083364W WO2014063302A1 WO 2014063302 A1 WO2014063302 A1 WO 2014063302A1 CN 2012083364 W CN2012083364 W CN 2012083364W WO 2014063302 A1 WO2014063302 A1 WO 2014063302A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
gain medium
optical signal
optical filter
signal
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PCT/CN2012/083364
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘德坤
程宁
徐之光
周恩宇
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201280001549.1A priority Critical patent/CN103098489B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2012/083364 priority patent/WO2014063302A1/zh
Publication of WO2014063302A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014063302A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
    • H01S5/14—External cavity lasers
    • H01S5/141—External cavity lasers using a wavelength selective device, e.g. a grating or etalon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
    • H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
    • H01S5/4087—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar emitting more than one wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/06—Polarisation multiplex systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to an external cavity laser, an optical transmitter, and a passive optical network system.
  • Wavelength Division Multiplexing-Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, because of its huge bandwidth capacity and similar point-to-point information security Other advantages have gradually replaced copper wire broadband.
  • the transceiver module of each Optical Network Unit transmits and receives different wavelengths of signals from adjacent ONUs. Therefore, WDM-PON systems require different transceivers.
  • the lasers of the module are different, but this will bring a series of colored problems.
  • the prior art mainly uses a self-injection injection-locked laser as a light source of the WDM-PON system.
  • the optical signal from the injection locking laser is filtered by the optical fiber transmission and the optical filter, passed through the partial mirror, partially transmitted, and the other part is reflected back and re-injected back into the injection locking laser through the optical filter, and at the same time, by changing the injection.
  • the injection current of the laser is locked, and the uplink data of the ONU is modulated into the optical signal, and the optical signal carrying the uplink data passes through the partial mirror, and a part of the optical signal is reflected back, and a part of the signal enters the receiver.
  • the seed fiber laser requires a certain intensity of injected light to be reflected back to the laser, and the optical signal returned to the laser is an optical signal with a modulated signal that is previously emitted by itself, resulting in reflected light from the injected laser. Residual signal, reducing the signal to noise ratio of the signal.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an external cavity laser, an optical transmitter, and a passive optical network system to improve a signal to noise ratio of a signal.
  • an external cavity laser includes: a gain medium, a light modulator, a first optical filter, and a reflective device, wherein the gain medium, the first optical filter, and the reflective device constitute a laser cavity;
  • the gain medium generates an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to the first optical filter;
  • the first optical filter performs wavelength selection on the optical signal, and selects a wavelength through the first optical filter Transmitting the optical signal to the reflective device;
  • the reflecting device reflects the optical signal after the wavelength selection of the first optical filter back to the gain medium
  • the light modulator modulates an optical signal generated by the gain medium.
  • the external cavity laser further includes: an optical splitter disposed between the first optical filter and the gain medium, the optical splitter An input end and two output ends are included, an input end of the optical splitter is connected to the first optical filter, and two output ends of the optical splitter are respectively connected to the gain medium and the optical modulation Device
  • the optical splitter is configured to split the optical signal returned from the first optical filter into a first optical signal and a second optical signal, wherein the first optical signal is injected back into the gain medium; The optical signal is injected into the optical modulator for signal modulation.
  • the optical splitter is a light splitter or a thin film medium having a partially reflective partial transmission function.
  • the gain polarization direction of the gain medium is 45 ° + ⁇ 90 °, and 45 ° + ⁇ 90 is disposed between the optical splitter and the light modulator.
  • the Faraday rotating mirror, the ⁇ is an integer greater than or equal to 0.
  • the gain of the gain medium The polarization direction and the gain polarization direction of the light modulator are 45 ° + ⁇ 90 °, and 45 is disposed between the optical splitter and the gain medium. + ⁇ 90.
  • a Faraday rotating mirror is provided 45 between the reflecting device and the first optical filter. + ⁇ 90.
  • Faraday rotating mirror, said 45. + ⁇ 90° Faraday rotator and the reflecting device constitute a Faraday Rotating Reflecting Device, the ⁇ being an integer greater than or equal to zero.
  • the reflective device further has a transmissive port for transmitting and transmitting the optical signal to an optical fiber or a receiver.
  • the gain medium includes an end surface having a first reflectivity and an end surface having a second reflectivity, the first reflectance being less than the second reflectivity;
  • the gain medium has an end surface emitting optical signal of the first reflectivity to the first optical filter
  • the reflective device reflects the second optical signal of the first optical filter wavelength selection to an end surface of the gain medium having the second reflectivity, and the end surface of the gain medium having the second reflectivity The second optical signal is transmitted to the optical modulator.
  • the external cavity laser further Includes:
  • a second optical filter coupled to the optical modulator for transmitting the second optical signal modulated by the optical modulator to an optical fiber or a receiver.
  • the first optical filtering The device includes an output port and a plurality of input ports, an output port of the first optical filter is coupled to the reflective device, and each input port of the first optical rate filter is coupled to the gain medium.
  • the second optical filtering The device includes an output port and a plurality of input ports, each input port of the second optical filter is coupled to the optical modulator, and an output port of the second optical filter is configured to transmit the second optical signal Multiplexed to fiber or receiver.
  • the first optical filter includes a first common end, a second common end, and 2N branch ports, where the first common end and the second common end are different by N channels; each of the branch port couplings The optical splitter; the N is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
  • the first common end is coupled to the reflective device, and the reflective device further has a transmissive port; the transmissive port of the reflective device is coupled to the second common end through a circulator;
  • An optical signal transmitted from the transmission port of the reflective device by the optical medium coupled to the Mth branch port by the optical splitter is transmitted to the second optical filter of the first optical filter through the circulator a common terminal, being modulated by a modulator coupled to the ⁇ + ⁇ branch port by the optical splitter; the gain medium coupled to the ⁇ + ⁇ branch port by the optical splitter from the
  • the light transmitted by the transmissive port of the reflective device is transmitted through the circulator to the second common port of the first optical filter, and is modulated by a modulator coupled to the second branch port through the optical splitter;
  • the ⁇ is an integer less than or equal to ⁇ and greater than or equal to 1;
  • the first optical filter has periodic and channel wavelength cycling characteristics.
  • an optical transmitter comprising the external cavity laser of any one of the first aspect of the first aspect or the first possible implementation of the first aspect to any one of the tenth possible implementations of the first aspect .
  • a passive optical network system in another aspect, includes an optical line terminal and at least one optical network unit, wherein the optical line terminal is connected to the at least one optical network unit through an optical distribution network: wherein the optical line terminal and The optical network unit comprises an external cavity laser as described in the first aspect or the first possible implementation of the first aspect to any one of the tenth possible implementations of the first aspect.
  • the gain medium can be used only to generate a stable optical signal
  • the optical modulator is only used for the optical modulator. Modulate the data.
  • the reflective device reflects the optical signal back to the gain medium, that is, the optical signal reflected back to the gain medium does not have modulation information, and the light emitted by the gain medium The signal also does not carry residual information from the previous signal.
  • the optical modulator transmits an optical signal with modulation information to the reflective device, of which only a portion of the optical signal with the modulated information is reflected to the gain medium. Therefore, the optical signal with the modulated information is only partially reflected back into the gain medium itself, greatly reducing the chance that the residual signal is superimposed on the existing signal in the form of noise, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal.
  • Embodiment 1 is a structural view of an external cavity laser according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an external cavity laser according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • 3 is a structural diagram of an external cavity laser according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • Embodiment 4 is a structural diagram of an external cavity laser according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 5 is a structural diagram of an external cavity laser according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of an external cavity laser according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a passive optical network system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. example. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.
  • an external cavity laser provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a gain medium 10, a light modulator 20, a first optical filter 30, and a reflective device 40.
  • the gain medium 10, the first optical filter 30 and the reflective device 40 constitute a laser cavity;
  • Gain medium 10 generates an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to first optical filter 30;
  • the first optical filter 30 performs wavelength selection on the optical signal, and transmits the optical signal selected by the wavelength of the first optical filter 30 to the reflective device 40;
  • the reflecting device 40 reflects the optical signal after the wavelength selection by the first optical filter 30 back to the gain medium 10;
  • the optical modulator 20 modulates the optical signal generated by the gain medium 10.
  • the gain medium 10 can be excited by a current to generate an optical signal and emit an optical signal to the first optical filter 30.
  • the first optical filter 30 selects a desired wavelength from the optical signal. And light other than this wavelength will be rejected, after which the optical signal selected by the wavelength of the first optical filter 30 can be transmitted to the reflective device 40 at the common end; the reflective device 40 will reflect the optical signal, and the optical signal will be Reflected back to the gain medium 10.
  • the optical signal is reflected back to the gain medium 10, and the gain medium 10 amplifies and reflects the reflected optical signal again, and reciprocates multiple times according to the above manner. If the gain of the gain medium 10 is greater than the round-trip link loss, the gain medium 10.
  • the first optical filter 30 and the reflective device 40 form a laser cavity and output an optical signal of a stable wavelength.
  • the gain medium 10 outputs a light signal of a stable wavelength, which can be provided to the light modulator 20, the light modulator 20 is used only for modulating data, and the high speed data stream can be modulated into the optical signal by changing the current or voltage of the light modulator 20.
  • the light modulator 20 transmits the modulated optical signal to the reflective device 40 via the first optical filter 30. After passing through the reflective device 40, the partially modulated optical signal is again reflected back into the gain medium 10.
  • the current of the gain medium 10 can also be set to a bias current which ensures that the current applied to the gain medium 10 is constant, so that the light signal generated by the current excitation gain medium 10 is also stable.
  • the current of the gain medium 10 can also be set to a deep saturation mode, even if the portion of the optical signal with modulation information emitted by the light modulator 20 is reflected back to the gain medium 10 by the reflection device 40, the gain medium 10 itself The saturation is erased.
  • the gain medium can be used only to generate a stable optical signal
  • the optical modulator is only used for the optical modulator. Modulate the data.
  • the reflective device reflects the optical signal back to the gain medium, that is, the optical signal reflected back to the gain medium does not have modulation information, and the light emitted by the gain medium The signal also does not carry residual information from the previous signal.
  • the optical modulator transmits an optical signal with modulation information to the reflective device, of which only a portion of the optical signal with the modulated information is reflected to the gain medium. Therefore, the optical signal with the modulated information is only partially reflected back into the gain medium itself, greatly reducing the probability that the residual signal is superimposed on the existing signal in the form of noise, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an external cavity laser according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the external cavity laser provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • the optical splitter 50 is disposed between the first optical filter 30 and the gain medium 10.
  • the optical splitter 50 includes an input end and two output ends. The input end of the optical splitter 50 is coupled to the first optical filter. 30, the two output ends of the optical splitter 50 are respectively connected to the gain medium 10 and the light modulator 20;
  • the optical splitter 50 is configured to split the optical signal returned from the first optical filter 30 into a first optical signal and a second optical signal, wherein the first optical signal is injected back into the gain medium 10; the second optical signal Injection into the light modulator 20 for signal modulation
  • the optical splitter 50 can split the optical signal reflected by the reflective device 40 and passing through the first optical filter 30 to generate a first optical signal and a second optical signal, wherein the first optical signal passes the optical splitting.
  • One output of the path 50 is transmitted to the gain medium 10, and the second optical signal is passed through the optical splitter
  • the other output of 50 is transmitted to light modulator 20.
  • the optical splitter 50 can
  • the fused taper type may also be a planar waveguide type, and the specific type of the optical splitter 50 is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
  • an optical splitter is disposed between the first optical filter and the gain medium, and the optical signal is split to generate the first optical signal and the second optical signal, so that only the first optical filter is needed.
  • One port, one fiber reduces cost and can be applied to a single fiber to user optical distribution network.
  • the optical splitter described above is an optical beam splitter or a thin film medium having a partially reflective partial transmission function.
  • the optical beam splitter can split the light into two parts, one part being the first path optical signal and the other part being the second path optical signal.
  • a thin film medium having a partially reflective partial transmission function may transmit a portion of the light passing through the first filter to the gain medium 10, and partially to the light modulator 20.
  • the thin film medium having a partially reflective partial transmission function may be such that SiO 2 or Ti 2 2 is alternately deposited on the surface of the glass substrate or the glass ceramic substrate by a precise plating process.
  • the present invention is not particularly limited herein for the manufacturing process and type of the film medium having the function of partially reflecting the transmission.
  • the optical splitter as a beam splitter or a thin film medium having a partially reflective partial transmission function
  • the light can be divided into two parts, which is simple, convenient and easy to implement.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an external cavity laser according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the external cavity laser provided by the embodiment of the present invention is based on the second embodiment of the present invention, and the gain polarization direction of the gain medium 10 and the optical modulator are shown.
  • the gain polarization direction of 20 is 45 ° + ⁇ 90 °, and 45 ° + ⁇ 90 is provided between the optical splitter 50 and the optical modulator 20.
  • Faraday rotating mirror 60 is provided.
  • the gain medium 10 and the light modulator 20 provided by the embodiments of the present invention may be polarization-sensitive devices, that is, have gain in one direction.
  • the gain polarization direction of the gain medium 10 and the gain polarization direction of the light modulator 20 can be made 45 ° + ⁇ 90 °, and 45 is disposed between the optical splitter 50 and the optical modulator 20. + ⁇ 90.
  • the Faraday rotating mirror 60, wherein ⁇ is an integer greater than or equal to 0, that is, the angle may be 45. , 135. , 225. Wait.
  • the polarization direction of the gain medium 10 is horizontal "- ⁇ "
  • the polarization direction of the light modulator 20 is 45°
  • the polarization directions of the two are 45.
  • the specific polarization directions of the two are not particularly limited herein.
  • the linearly polarized light in the horizontal direction " ⁇ " emitted by the gain medium 10 is reflected back by the reflecting device 40, and the polarization direction of the first optical signal generated by the splitting by the optical splitter 50 is parallel to the polarization direction of the gain medium 10, and passes through the light.
  • the second optical signal generated by the splitter 50 splitting light is rotated 45° counterclockwise by the 45° Faraday rotating mirror 60, and the polarization direction is offset from the optical modulator 20.
  • the direction of vibration is parallel.
  • the 45° linearly polarized light emitted by the light modulator 20 is reflected back by the reflecting device 40, and the polarization direction of the first optical signal generated by the optical splitter is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the gain medium 10, and is generated by the optical splitter 50.
  • the second optical signal passes through 45. After the Faraday rotator mirror 60 is rotated counterclockwise by 45°, the polarization direction is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the light modulator 20.
  • the optical signal emitted by the gain medium 10 when the optical signal emitted by the gain medium 10 is reflected back to the gain medium 10, it is parallel to its own polarization direction, and resonance can be well formed; when the optical signal emitted by the gain medium 10 is reflected back to the optical modulator 20, The polarization directions of the modulators 20 are parallel, and a good modulation can be formed.
  • the optical modulator 20 emits an optical signal that is reflected back to the gain medium 10, perpendicular to the polarization direction of the gain medium 10, and when the optical modulator 20 emits an optical signal that is reflected back to the optical modulator 20, it is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the optical modulator 20.
  • the gain cannot be obtained, and the residual data noise carried by the reflected signal can be eliminated to the utmost.
  • the Faraday rotator mirror allows the gain medium to form a good resonance, which allows the light modulator to produce a good modulation and minimize the residual data noise carried by the reflected signal.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of an external cavity laser according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the external cavity laser provided by the embodiment of the present invention is based on Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and the gain polarization direction of the gain medium 10 and the optical modulator are shown in FIG.
  • the gain polarization direction of 20 is 45 ° + ⁇ 90 °, and 45 ° + ⁇ 90 is provided between the optical splitter 50 and the gain medium 10.
  • the Faraday rotating mirror 61 is provided with 45 ° + ⁇ 90 between the reflecting device and the first optical filter. Faraday rotating mirror, 45. + ⁇ 90.
  • the Faraday rotating mirror and the reflecting device are part of a Faraday rotating reflecting device 70, wherein ⁇ is an integer greater than or equal to 0, that is, the angle can be 45. , 135. , 225°, etc.
  • the polarization direction of the gain medium 10 is 45° 'V "
  • the polarization direction of the light modulator 20 is horizontal
  • the polarization directions of the two are 45°.
  • the specific polarization directions of the two the present invention There is no particular limitation here.
  • the gain medium 10 emits light having a polarization direction of 45°, and passes through 45.
  • the Faraday rotating mirror 61 After the Faraday rotating mirror 61, the polarization direction thereof is a vertical direction, and then a partial Faraday rotation reflection device that passes through the common end of the first optical filter 30. 70 is rotated 90.
  • the polarization of the second optical signal is generated by the optical splitter 50 to be parallel to the polarization direction of the optical modulator 20, and the first optical signal generated by the optical splitter 50 is passed through 45.
  • the Faraday rotating mirror 61 rotates counterclockwise 45. After that, the polarization direction of the first optical signal is parallel to the polarization direction of the gain medium 10.
  • the modulated light signal emitted by the optical modulator 20 is horizontal " ⁇ ", after the first A portion of the Faraday rotational reflection device 70 at the common end of the optical filter 30 is rotated by 90.
  • the polarization direction is vertical,
  • the second optical signal generated by the optical splitter 50 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the optical modulator 20, and the first optical signal generated by the optical splitter 50 is rotated 45° counterclockwise by the 45° Faraday rotating mirror 61. Thereafter, the polarization direction is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the gain medium 10.
  • the polarized light from the gain medium 10 is reflected back to the gain medium 10 and the polarization direction of the light modulator 20 is parallel to the polarization directions of the gain medium 10 and the light modulator 20, so that resonance and modulation can be formed.
  • the polarized light emitted by the light modulator 20 is reflected back to the gain medium 10 and the polarization direction of the light modulator 20 is perpendicular to the polarization directions of the gain medium 10 and the light modulator 20.
  • the gain cannot be obtained, and the residual data noise carried by the reflected signal can be eliminated to the utmost extent. .
  • Embodiments of the invention achieve 45 by the gain polarization direction of the gain medium and the gain polarization direction of the optical modulator.
  • + ⁇ 90. , 45 ° + ⁇ 90 is set between the optical splitter and the gain medium.
  • the Faraday rotating mirror is provided with a 45 ° + ⁇ 90 ° Faraday rotating mirror between the reflecting device and the first optical filter, and a 45 ° + ⁇ 90 ° Faraday rotating mirror and a reflecting device to form a partial Faraday rotating reflecting device.
  • the gain medium can be well resonated, the light modulator can be well modulated, and the residual data noise carried by the reflected signal can be minimized.
  • the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment of the present invention can completely eliminate the residual data noise carried by the reflected signal. Therefore, in the actual application process, an appropriate method can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the reflective device 40 also has a transmissive port for transmitting and transmitting the optical signal to an optical fiber or receiver.
  • the reflective device 40 can be a partial mirror that has both a reflective and a transmissive effect, wherein the transmission can transmit the optical signal to the fiber or receiver.
  • a transmissive port can also be provided in the reflective device 40 to provide a transmissive effect.
  • the external cavity laser provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a transmissive port through a reflector, and can transmit and transmit the modulated optical signal to the optical fiber or the receiver, so that the external cavity laser provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the wavelength division multiplexing.
  • a passive optical network at the same time, only a small part or no optical signal with modulation information is reflected back into the gain medium itself, which greatly reduces the residual signal to be superimposed on the existing signal in the form of noise. The opportunity to improve the signal to noise ratio of the signal.
  • a plurality of gain media are connected to the central wavelength channel of different wavelengths of the first optical filter, a plurality of laser gain resonant cavities are formed, and the optical signal modulated by the optical modulator passes through the first optical filter.
  • the common end enters the backbone fiber and forms a multi-wavelength laser array to form a WDM-PON transmitter array.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of an external cavity laser according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the external cavity laser provided by the embodiment of the present invention is based on the first embodiment of the present invention, and the gain medium 11 includes a first inverse.
  • the end face of the emissivity and the end face having the second reflectivity, the first reflectance is smaller than the second reflectivity; the gain medium 11 has the first reflectance end face to emit the optical signal to the first optical filter 30;
  • the reflective device 40 reflects the second optical signal of the first optical filter 30 after wavelength selection to the end surface of the gain medium 11 having the second reflectivity, and the end surface of the gain medium 11 having the second reflectivity transmits the second optical signal to the optical Modulator 21.
  • the end face of the gain medium 11 having the first reflectivity is coupled to the first optical filter 30, and the first optical filter 30 is coupled to the reflective device 40.
  • the gain medium 11 has an end face having a first reflectance and an end face having a second reflectance, and the first reflectance is smaller than the second reflectance, and those skilled in the art can understand that the first reflectance is lower and the second reflectance is higher.
  • the end face of the gain medium 11 having the first reflectance forms a laser cavity with the first optical filter 30 and the reflecting device 40.
  • the optical signal generated by the gain medium 11 passes through the first optical filter 30 to the reflective device 40, and the reflective device 40 reflects the optical signal described above back to the gain medium 11.
  • the optical signal generated by the gain medium 11 by the bias current excitation is reflected back to the gain medium 11 by the reflection device 40, and since the end surface reflectance of the first reflectance is low, the portion of the light loss is small.
  • the reflective device 40 also reflects the second optical signal of the first optical filter 30 after wavelength selection to the end surface of the gain medium 11 having the second reflectivity, and the end surface of the gain medium 11 having the second reflectivity is the second optical signal. It is transmitted to the optical modulator 21, and the optical modulator 21 modulates the optical signal. Since the end face reflectance of the second reflectance is high, the modulated optical signal from the light modulator 21 is reflected by the end face of the second reflectivity, and the probability of entering the gain medium 11 is greatly reduced.
  • the gain medium includes an end surface having a first reflectivity and an end surface having a second reflectivity, and the first reflectance is smaller than the second reflectance.
  • the optical signal generated by the gain medium by the bias current is reflected back to the gain medium by the reflective device. Since the end reflectance of the first reflectivity is low, the portion of the optical loss can be reduced.
  • the optical modulator modulates the optical signal.
  • the modulated optical signal emitted by the optical modulator is reflected by the end surface of the second reflectivity, and the probability of entering the gain medium will be The greatly reduced, greatly reducing the chance that the residual signal is superimposed on the existing signal in the form of noise, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal.
  • the external cavity laser provided in Embodiment 5 further includes: a second optical filter 31 coupled to the optical modulator for modulating the optical modulator
  • the second optical signal is wavelength selected, and the second optical signal selected by the second optical filter wavelength is transmitted to the optical fiber or the receiver.
  • the external cavity laser provided by the embodiment of the invention can be modulated by setting a second optical filter
  • the optical signal without the residual optical signal is multiplexed into the backbone fiber and the receiver.
  • the first optical filter 30 includes an output port and a plurality of input ports, and an output port and a reflection of the first optical filter 30.
  • the device 40 is connected, and each input port of the first optical filter 30 is coupled to a gain medium.
  • the input port of the first optical filter 30 can be coupled to the gain medium 12.
  • the first optical filter comprises an output port and a plurality of output ports, and a multi-wavelength laser array can be formed.
  • the second optical filter 31 includes an output port and a plurality of input ports, and each input port of the second optical filter 31 Coupled with the optical modulator, the output port of the second optical filter 31 multiplexes the second optical signal to the optical fiber or receiver.
  • the input port of the second optical filter 31 is coupled to the optical modulator 22.
  • the second optical filter includes an output port and a plurality of input ports, and the optical signals modulated by the multi-wavelength laser array can be multiplexed into the optical fiber or the receiver.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of an external cavity laser according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the external cavity laser provided by the embodiment of the present invention is based on Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • the first optical filter 30 includes a first common
  • the second common end and the 2N branch ports, the first common end and the second common end are different by N channels; each branch port is coupled to the optical splitter 50;
  • N is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
  • the first common end is coupled to the reflective device 40, and the reflective device 40 further has a transmissive port; the transmissive port of the reflective device is coupled to the second common end through the circulator 80;
  • optical signal transmitted from the transmission port of the reflective device by the gain medium coupled to the Mth branch port by the optical splitter is transmitted through the circulator to the second common end of the first optical filter, and enters the optical splitter and the first Modulating the modulator coupled to the N+M branch port;
  • Light transmitted from the transmission port of the reflective device by the gain medium coupled to the N+M branch port by the optical splitter 50 is transmitted through the circulator to the second common port of the first optical filter, and enters through the optical splitter Modulating the modulator coupled to the Mth branch port;
  • M is an integer less than or equal to N and greater than or equal to 1;
  • the first optical filter has periodic and channel wavelength cycling characteristics.
  • the periodic first optical filter 30 can share 2N branch ports.
  • the center wavelength corresponding to the 2N branch ports is ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
  • the two common ends may be different from the first common end. Since the first optical filter 30 has periodicity and cyclic characteristics, for the second common end, the center wavelengths corresponding to the two branch ports are ⁇ ⁇ + 1 , ⁇ ⁇ +2 , ... ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ .
  • the gain medium 13 and the first branch port of the first optical filter 30 and the reflection device 40 form a laser cavity having a center wavelength, and the optical signal of the wavelength emitted by the gain medium 13 passes through the first optical filter 30 and the reflection device 40.
  • the circulator 80 enters the second common end. Since the second common end is different from the first common end by n channels, the optical signal entering the second common end is injected into the N+1th branch port of the first optical filter 30.
  • the light modulator 23 performs modulation.
  • the optical signal of the wavelength ⁇ ⁇ +1 emitted by the gain medium 14 is finally modulated by the light modulator 24 entering the first branch port through the second common terminal.
  • the modulated optical signals enter the trunk fiber through the second common end and the circulator 80, and the other ports are analogized in turn, and are not described herein again.
  • the first optical filter includes a first common end, a second common end, and at least two branch ports, and the first optical filter has periodic and channel wavelength cycling characteristics, so that the present invention
  • the external cavity laser provided by the embodiment can simultaneously modulate optical signals of multiple wavelengths, minimize the chance that the residual signal is superimposed on the existing signal in the form of noise, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, and save the device and Resources, effectively reducing costs.
  • the optical splitter in the above embodiment of Fig. 6 is a wavelength division multiplexer.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer is capable of multiplexing the gain medium and the light of the optical modulator into the optical fiber.
  • the optical splitter of the embodiment of the present invention is a wavelength division multiplexer, which greatly reduces the usage of the optical fiber, greatly reduces the construction cost, and has a small number of optical fibers. When a fault occurs, the recovery is also quick and convenient.
  • the first optical filter and the second optical filter are any one or a combination of a waveguide array grating, a waveguide optical router, or an Ethernet filter.
  • any one of the above may be selected according to the actual situation, or a combination thereof may be selected, and a laser array may be formed by the combination of the above optical filters.
  • the light modulator is a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier or an emission type injection-locking laser or a reflection type electro-absorption modulator.
  • the optical modulator may further include an optical amplifier to amplify the light, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited herein.
  • the gain medium, the reflecting device, the light modulator, the first optical filter, and the second optical filter may be connected by an optical fiber or a free space.
  • the connection method can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • an optical transmitter is further provided, which may include any of the external cavity lasers in the above embodiments, and the implementation principle and technical effects thereof are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a passive optical network system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, a passive optical network
  • the network system includes at least one optical line terminal 101 and at least one optical network unit 103, and the optical line terminal 101 is connected to at least one optical network unit 103 through the optical distribution network 102, and the optical line terminal 101 and/or the optical network unit 103 includes any of the above The external cavity laser in the embodiment.
  • the passive optical network system can transmit the downlink data of the optical line terminal 101 to the respective optical network units 103, and simultaneously transmit the uplink data of the plurality of optical network units 103 to the optical line terminal 101.
  • the lasers in the optical line terminal 101 and/or the optical network unit 103 can be implemented by using the lasers in the above embodiments. The specific structure and operation of the laser are similar to those of the above embodiments, and will not be described again.
  • the aforementioned program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the program when executed, performs the steps including the foregoing method embodiments; and the foregoing storage medium includes: a medium that can store program codes, such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

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Abstract

一种外腔激光器、光发射机及无源光网络系统，外腔激光器包括：增益介质（10）、光调制器（20）、第一光滤波器（30）、反射器件（40）。增益介质（10）产生光信号并发射至第一光滤波器（30），通过第一光滤波器（30）的光信号被反射器件（40）反射分为第一路光信号和第二路光信号，反射器件（40）将第一路光信号传输至增益介质（10），将第二路光信号传输至光调制器（20）。

Description

外腔激光器、 光发射机及无源光网络系统 技术领域 本发明实施例涉及通信领域， 尤其涉及一种外腔激光器、 光发射机及无 源光网络系统。
背景技术
基于波分复用 （ Wavelength Division Multiplexing, 简称 WDM )技术的 波分复用无源光网络 ( Wavelength Division Multiplexing -Passive Optical Network , 简称 WDM-PON ) 由于其巨大的带宽容量、 类似点对点的信息安 全性等优点已逐步取代铜线宽带。
在 WDM-PON 系统中， 每个光网络单元 （Optical Network Unit, 简称 ONU )的收发模块发射与接收的波长必须要与之相邻的 ONU 的信号波长不 同， 因此， WDM-PON系统要求不同收发模块的激光器各不相同， 但这将带 来一系列有色问题， 为实现光源无色化， 现有技术主要釆用自注入的注入锁 定激光器作为 WDM-PON系统的光源。 注入锁定激光器发出的光信号， 经过 光纤传输和光过滤镜过滤后， 经过部分反射镜， 一部分透射， 另一部分被反 射回来并再次经过光过滤镜重新注入回注入锁定激光器， 同时， 通过改变注 入锁定激光器的注入电流， 把 ONU的上行数据调制到光信号中， 承载了上 行数据的光信号再经过部分反射镜， 一部分反射回来， 一部分进入接收机。
现有技术中， 自种子光纤激光器需要一定强度的注入光反射回到激光 器， 且回到激光器的光信号是其自身先前发出的带有调制信号的光信号， 导 致自注入激光器的反射光带有残留信号， 降低信号的信噪比。 发明内容 本发明实施例提供一种外腔激光器、 光发射机及无源光网络系统， 以提 高信号的信噪比。
一方面， 一种外腔激光器， 包括： 增益介质、 光调制器、 第一光滤波器、 反射器件， 所述增益介质、 所述第一光滤波器和所述反射器件构成激光谐振 腔； 所述增益介质产生光信号并发射所述光信号至所述第一光滤波器； 所述第一光滤波器对所述光信号进行波长选择， 并将通过所述第一光滤 波器波长选择的所述光信号传输到所述反射器件；
所述反射器件将经过所述第一光滤波器波长选择后的所述光信号反射回 所述增益介质；
所述光调制器对所述增益介质产生的光信号进行调制。
在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中， 所述外腔激光器还包括： 光分 路器， 设置在所述第一光滤波器和所述增益介质之间， 所述光分路器包括一 个输入端和两个输出端， 所述光分路器的输入端连接所述第一光滤波器， 所 述光分路器的两个输出端分别连接所述增益介质和所述光调制器；
所述光分路器用以将从所述第一光滤波器返回的光信号分为第一路光信 号和第二路光信号， 其中第一路光信号注入回所述增益介质； 第二路光信号 注入到光调制器， 进行信号调制。 结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的 实现方式， 在第二种可能的实现方式中， 所述光分路器为光分束器或者具有 部分反射部分透射功能的薄膜介质。
结合第一方面、 第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式、 或者第一方面的第 二种可能的实现方式， 在第三种可能的实现方式中， 所述增益介质的增益偏 振方向和所述光调制器的增益偏振方向成 45 ° + ΚΧ 90° , 在所述光分路器和 所述光调制器之间设置有 45 ° + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第旋转镜， 所述 Κ为大于等于 0 的整数。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面的第三种 可能的实现方式中的任意一种， 在第四种可能的实现方式中， 所述增益介质 的增益偏振方向和所述光调制器的增益偏振方向成 45 ° + ΚΧ 90° , 在所述光 分路器和所述增益介质之间设置有 45。 + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第旋转镜，在所述反射 器件和所述第一光滤波器之间设置有 45。 + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第旋转镜，所述 45。 + ΚΧ 90° 法拉第旋转镜和所述反射器件组成法拉第旋转反射器件， 所述 Κ为大 于等于 0的整数。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面的第四种 可能的实现方式中的任意一种， 在第五种可能的实现方式中， 所述反射器件 还具有透射端口， 用以将所述光信号透射并传输至光纤或接收机。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面的第五种 可能的实现方式中的任意一种， 在第六种可能的实现方式中，
所述增益介质包括具有第一反射率的端面和具有第二反射率的端面， 所述 第一反射率小于所述第二反射率；
所述增益介质具有所述第一反射率的端面发射光信号至所述第一光滤波 器；
所述反射器件反射所述第一光滤波器波长选择后的第二路光信号至所述 增益介质具有所述第二反射率的端面， 所述增益介质具有所述第二反射率的端 面将所述第二路光信号传输至所述光调制器。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面的第六种 可能的实现方式中的任意一种， 在第七种可能的实现方式中， 所述外腔激光 器还包括：
第二光滤波器， 所述第二光滤波器与所述光调制器耦接， 用以将所述光调 制器调制的所述第二路光信号传输至光纤或接收机。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面的第七种 可能的实现方式中的任意一种， 在第八种可能的实现方式中， 所述第一光滤 波器包括一个输出端口和多个输入端口， 所述第一光滤波器的输出端口与所述 反射器件连接， 所述第一光率波器的每个输入端口与所述增益介质耦接。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面的第八种 可能的实现方式中的任意一种， 在第九种可能的实现方式中， 所述第二光滤 波器包括一个输出端口和多个输入端口， 所述第二光滤波器的每个输入端口与 所述光调制器耦接， 所述第二光滤波器的输出端口将所述第二路光信号复用至 光纤或接收机。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面的第九种 可能的实现方式中的任意一种， 在第十种可能的实现方式中，
所述第一光滤波器包括第一公共端、 第二公共端和 2N个分支端口， 所述 第一公共端与所述第二公共端相差 N个通道；每个所述分支端口耦接所述光分 路器； 所述 N为大于等于 1的整数；
所述第一公共端与所述反射器件耦接， 所述反射器件还具有透射端口； 所 述反射器件的透射端口通过环形器与所述第二公共端耦接；
通过所述光分路器与第 M 分支端口耦接的所述增益介质从所述反射器件 的透射端口透过的光信号经过所述环形器传输至所述第一光滤波器的第二公 共端， 进入通过所述光分路器与第 Ν+Μ分支端口耦接的调制器进行调制； 通过所述光分路器与第 Ν+Μ分支端口耦接的所述增益介质从所述反射器 件的透射端口透射的光经过所述环形器传输至所述第一光滤波器的第二公共 端口， 进入通过所述光分路器与第 Μ分支端口耦接的调制器进行调制；
所述 Μ为小于等于 Ν并大于等于 1的整数；
所述第一光滤波器具有周期性和通道波长循环特性。
另一方面， 一种光发射机， 包括如上第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能 的实现方式至第一方面的第十种可能的实现方式中的任意一种所述的外腔激 光器。
又一方面，一种无源光网络系统，包括光线路终端和至少一个光网络单元， 所述光线路终端通过光分配网络连接到所述至少一个光网络单元： 其中， 所述 光线路终端和 /或所述光网络单元包括如上第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能 的实现方式至第一方面的第十种可能的实现方式中的任意一种所述的外腔激 光器。
本发明实施例通过分别设置增益介质和光调制器， 以及增益介质、 第一 光滤波器和反射器件构成激光谐振腔， 可使增益介质只用于产生稳定的光信 号， 而光调制器只用于调制数据。 增益介质发出的通过第一光滤波器波长选 择的光信号传输到反射器件时， 反射器件将光信号反射回增益介质， 即反射 回增益介质的光信号不带有调制信息， 增益介质发射的光信号也不会带有以 前信号的残留信息。 光调制器将带有调制信息的光信号传输到反射器件， 其 中只有部分带有调制信息的光信号会被反射至增益介质。 因此， 带有调制信 息的光信号只有部分反射回到增益介质自身中， 大大减少了残留信号以噪声 的形式叠加到现有信号的机会， 提高了信号的信噪比。
附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案， 下面将对实施 例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付 出创造性劳动性的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明实施例一的外腔激光器结构图；
图 2为本发明实施例二的外腔激光器结构图； 图 3为本发明实施例三的外腔激光器结构图；
图 4为本发明实施例四的外腔激光器结构图；
图 5为本发明实施例五的外腔激光器结构图；
图 6为本发明实施例六的外腔激光器结构图；
图 7为本发明实施例七的无源光网络系统结构图。 具体实施方式 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行 清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例， 而 不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有做 出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
图 1为本发明实施例一的外腔激光器结构图， 如图 1所示， 本发明实施 例提供的外腔激光器包括增益介质 10、 光调制器 20、 第一光滤波器 30、 反 射器件 40 ,其中增益介质 10、第一光滤波器 30和反射器件 40构成激光谐振 腔；
增益介质 10产生光信号并发射所述光信号至第一光滤波器 30;
第一光滤波器 30对光信号进行波长选择， 并将通过第一光滤波器 30波 长选择的光信号传输到反射器件 40;
反射器件 40将经过第一光滤波器 30波长选择后的光信号反射回增益介 质 10;
光调制器 20对增益介质 10产生的光信号进行调制。
在具体的外腔激光器的实现过程中， 可通过电流激发增益介质 10 , 使其 产生光信号并发射光信号至第一光滤波器 30, 第一光滤波器 30从光信号中 选择所需波长， 而除此波长以外的光将会被拒绝通过， 之后， 通过第一光滤 波器 30波长选择的光信号可传输到公共端的反射器件 40;反射器件 40将对 光信号进行反射， 将光信号反射回增益介质 10。
其中， 光信号反射回增益介质 10, 增益介质 10会将反射回来的光信号 再次放大后又发射出去， 并按照上述方式往返多次，如果增益介质 10的增益 大于往返的链接损耗， 则增益介质 10、 第一光滤波器 30和反射器件 40构成 激光谐振腔， 输出稳定波长的光信号。 增益介质 10输出稳定波长的光信号， 可以为光调制器 20提供光源， 光 调制器 20仅用于调制数据， 可通过改变光调制器 20的电流或电压将高速数 据流调制到光信号中。 同时， 光调制器 20将调制后的光信号经过第一光滤波 器 30传输到反射器件 40中 , 经过反射器件 40 , 部分调制后的光信号再次被 反射回增益介质 10中。
此外，还可将增益介质 10的电流设置为偏置电流，偏置电流可以保证加 载在增益介质 10上的电流是恒定的， 从而通过电流激发增益介质 10产生的 光信号也是稳定的。同时，还可将增益介质 10的电流设置为深度饱和的模式， 即使光调制器 20发出的带有调制信息的光信号部分通过反射器件 40反射回 到增益介质 10, 也会被增益介质 10自身的饱和作用所擦除。
本发明实施例通过分别设置增益介质和光调制器， 以及增益介质、 第一 光滤波器和反射器件构成激光谐振腔， 可使增益介质只用于产生稳定的光信 号， 而光调制器只用于调制数据。 增益介质发出的通过第一光滤波器波长选 择的光信号传输到反射器件时， 反射器件将光信号反射回增益介质， 即反射 回增益介质的光信号不带有调制信息， 增益介质发射的光信号也不会带有以 前信号的残留信息。 光调制器将带有调制信息的光信号传输到反射器件， 其 中只有部分带有调制信息的光信号会被反射至增益介质。 因此， 带有调制信 息的光信号只有部分反射回到增益介质自身中， 大大减少了残留信号以噪声 的形式叠加到现有信号的几率， 提高了信号的信噪比。
图 2为本发明实施例二的外腔激光器结构图， 如图 2所示， 本发明实施例 提供的外腔激光器在本发明实施例一的基础上， 还包括：
光分路器 50,设置在第一光滤波器 30和增益介质 10之间，光分路器 50 包括一个输入端和两个输出端， 光分路器 50的输入端连接第一光滤波器 30 , 光分路器 50的两个输出端分别连接增益介质 10和光调制器 20;
光分路器 50用以将从第一光滤波器 30返回的光信号分为第一路光信号 和第二路光信号， 其中第一路光信号注入回增益介质 10; 第二路光信号注入 到光调制器 20, 进行信号调制
具体地， 光分路器 50可将经过反射器件 40反射并通过第一光滤波器 30 的光信号分光以产生第一路光信号和第二路光信号， 其中第一路光信号通过 光分路器 50的一个输出端传输至增益介质 10, 第二路光信号通过光分路器
50的另一输出端传输至光调制器 20。 在具体应用过程中， 光分路器 50可以 为熔融拉锥型也可以为平面波导型，光分路器 50的具体类型，本实施例在此 不作特别限制。
本发明实施例通过在第一光滤波器和增益介质之间设置光分路器， 并将 光信号分光产生第一路光信号和第二路光信号， 从而在第一光滤波器中只需 要一个端口， 一根光纤， 减少了成本， 可以适用于单纤到用户的光分配网。
优选地， 上述的光分路器为光分束器或者具有部分反射部分透射功能的 薄膜介质。
具体地， 光分束器可以将光分为两部分， 一部分为第一路光信号， 另一 部分为第二路光信号。 具有部分反射部分透射功能的薄膜介质， 可以将经过 第一滤波器的光一部分透射至增益介质 10 , —部分反射至光调制器 20中。 具有部分反射部分透射功能的薄膜介质， 可以为在玻璃衬底上或玻璃陶瓷衬 底上， 通过精确的镀膜工艺， 将 Si02或 Ti02交替沉积在其表面上。 对于具 有部分反射部分透射功能的薄膜介质的制造工艺和类型， 本发明在此不作特 别限制。
本发明实施例通过将光分路器设置为光分束器或具有部分反射部分透射 功能的薄膜介质， 可以将光分为两部分， 简单、 便捷、 易于实现。
图 3为本发明实施例三的外腔激光器结构图， 如图 3所示， 本发明实施 例提供的外腔激光器在本发明实施例二的基础上， 增益介质 10的增益偏振方 向和光调制器 20的增益偏振方向成 45 ° + ΚΧ 90° , 在光分路器 50和光调制 器 20之间设置有 45 ° + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第旋转镜 60。
具体地， 本发明实施例提供的增益介质 10和光调制器 20可以为偏振敏感 型器件， 即在一个方向具有增益。 同时， 可让增益介质 10 的增益偏振方向和 光调制器 20的增益偏振方向成 45 ° + ΚΧ 90° , 并在光分路器 50和光调制器 20之间设置 45。 + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第旋转镜 60, 其中， Κ为大于等于 0的整数， 即角度可以为 45。 、 135。 、 225。 等。
例如， 以 45° 为例， 增益介质 10 的偏振方向为水平 "―→" , 光调制器 20的偏振方向为 45° , 二者的偏振方向成 45。 。 二者具体的偏振方向， 本发明在此不作特别限制。 增益介质 10发出的水平方向 "―→" 的线偏振光经 过反射器件 40反射回来， 经过光分路器 50分光产生的第一路光信号的偏振方 向与增益介质 10的偏振方向平行， 经过光分路器 50分光产生的第二路光信号 经过 45° 法拉第旋转镜 60逆时针旋转 45° 之后， 偏振方向与光调制器 20的偏 振方向平行。 光调制器 20发出的 45° 的线偏振光经过反射器件 40反射 回来， 经过光分路器产生的第一路光信号的偏振方向与增益介质 10 的偏振方 向垂直， 经过光分路器 50产生的第二路光信号在经过 45。 法拉第旋转镜 60逆 时针旋转 45° 之后， 偏振方向与光调制器 20的偏振方向垂直。
按照上述方式， 增益介质 10发出的光信号被反射回增益介质 10时， 与其 自身偏振方向平行， 可以很好的形成谐振； 增益介质 10发出的光信号被反射回 光调制器 20时， 与光调制器 20的偏振方向平行， 可以形成 4艮好的调制。 光调 制器 20发出光信号被反射回增益介质 10时， 与增益介质 10的偏振方向垂直， 光调制器 20发出光信号被反射回光调制器 20时， 与光调制器 20的偏振方向垂 直， 无法获得增益， 可以最大限度的消除反射信号携带的残余数据噪声。
本发明实施例通过增益介质的增益偏振方向和光调制器的增益偏振方向成
45 ° + ΚΧ 90° , 在光分路器和光调制器之间设置有 45 ° + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第旋 转镜， 可以使增益介质形成很好的谐振， 使光调制器产生很好的调制， 并最大 限度的消除反射信号携带的残余数据噪声。
图 4为本发明实施例四的外腔激光器结构图， 如图 4所示， 本发明实施 例提供的外腔激光器在本发明实施例二的基础上， 增益介质 10的增益偏振方 向和光调制器 20的增益偏振方向成 45 ° + ΚΧ 90° , 在光分路器 50和增益介 质 10之间设置有 45 ° + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第旋转镜 61 , 在反射器件和第一光滤波 器之间设置有 45 ° + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第旋转镜，45。 + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第旋转镜和反 射器件组成部分法拉第旋转反射器件 70, 其中， Κ为大于等于 0的整数， 即角 度可以为 45。 、 135。 、 225° 等。
具体地， 以 45° 为例， 增益介质 10的偏振方向为 45° 'V " , 光调制器 20的偏振方向为水平 , 二者的偏振方向成 45° 。 二者具体的偏振方向， 本发明在此不作特别限制。 增益介质 10发出的偏振方向为 45° 的光， 经过 45。 法拉第旋转镜 61后， 其偏振方向为垂直方向， 再经过第一光滤波器 30公共端的部分法拉第旋转反射器件 70旋转 90。 反射回来后， 经过光分路器 50分光产生第二路光信号的偏振方向与光调制器 20的偏振方向平行， 经过光 分路器 50分光产生的第一路光信号经过 45。 法拉第旋转镜 61逆时针旋转 45 。 后， 第一路光信号的偏振方向与增益介质 10的偏振方向平行。 光调制器 20 发出的偏振方向为水平 " →" 的调制光信号， 经过第一光滤波器 30公共端的 部分法拉第旋转反射器件 70旋转 90。 反射回来后， 偏振方向为垂直方向， 经 过光分路器 50分光产生的第二路光信号与光调制器 20的偏振方向垂直， 经过 光分路器 50分光产生的第一路光信号经过 45° 法拉第旋转镜 61逆时针旋转 45° 后， 其偏振方向与增益介质 10的偏振方向垂直。
按照上述方式， 增益介质 10发出的偏振光反射回增益介质 10和光调制器 20的偏振方向与增益介质 10和光调制器 20的偏振方向均平行， 可以艮好的形 成谐振和调制。 光调制器 20发出的偏振光反射回增益介质 10和光调制器 20的 偏振方向与增益介质 10和光调制器 20的偏振方向均垂直， 无法获得增益， 可 以最大限度的消除反射信号携带的残余数据噪声。
本发明实施例通过增益介质的增益偏振方向和光调制器的增益偏振方向 成 45。 + ΚΧ 90。 ， 在光分路器和增益介质之间设置有 45 ° + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第 旋转镜，在反射器件和第一光滤波器之间设置有 45 ° + ΚΧ 90° 法拉第旋转镜， 45 ° + ΚΧ 90° 法拉第旋转镜和反射器件组成部分法拉第旋转反射器件。 可以 使增益介质形成很好的谐振， 使光调制器产生很好的调制， 并最大限度的消除 反射信号携带的残余数据噪声。
上述的本发明实施例三和实施例四均能最大限度的消除反射信号携带的残 余数据噪声， 因此在实际应用过程中， 可根据实际情况选取合适的方式。
在上述的实施例中， 反射器件 40还具有透射端口， 用以将所述光信号透射 并传输至光纤或接收机。 具体地， 反射器件 40可以为部分反射镜， 既有反射 作用， 又有透射作用， 其中透射作用可将光信号传输至光纤或接收机。 还可在 反射器件 40中设置透射端口， 使其具有透射作用。
本发明实施例提供的外腔激光器， 通过反射器具有透射端口， 可将经过调 制的光信号透射并传输至光纤或接收机， 可使本发明实施例提供的外腔激光器 应用在波分复用无源光网络中， 同时， 带有调制信息的光信号只有极少部分 或不带有调制信息的光信号反射回到增益介质自身中， 大大减少了残留信号 以噪声的形式叠加到现有信号的机会， 提高了信号的信噪比。
上述的实施例中， 如果多个增益介质连接到第一光滤波器的不同波长的中 心波长通道， 则会形成多个激光增益谐振腔， 经过光调制器调制的光信号通过 第一光滤波器的公共端进入主干光纤中， 可以形成一个多波长的激光器阵列， 从而构成一个 WDM-PON发射机阵列。
图 5为本发明实施例五的外腔激光器结构图， 如图 5所示， 本发明实施例 提供的外腔激光器在本发明实施例一的基础上， 增益介质 11包括具有第一反 射率的端面和具有第二反射率的端面， 第一反射率小于第二反射率； 增益介质 11具有第一反射率的端面发射光信号至第一光滤波器 30;
反射器件 40反射第一光滤波器 30波长选择后的第二路光信号至增益介质 11具有第二反射率的端面， 增益介质 11具有第二反射率的端面将第二路光信 号传输至光调制器 21。
在具体实现过程中， 增益介质 11 具有第一反射率的端面与第一光滤波器 30耦接， 第一光滤波器 30与反射器件 40耦接。 增益介质 11具有第一反射率 的端面和具有第二反射率的端面， 第一反射率小于第二反射率， 本领域技术人 员可以理解， 第一反射率较低， 第二反射率较高。 增益介质 11 具有第一反射 率的端面与第一光滤波器 30和反射器件 40构成激光谐振腔。 增益介质 11产 生的光信号经过第一光滤波器 30至反射器件 40,反射器件 40将上述的光信号 反射回增益介质 11。 增益介质 11通过偏置电流激发产生的光信号经反射器件 40反射回增益介质 11 , 由于第一反射率的端面反射率较低， 则该部分光损耗 较少。
同时， 反射器件 40还反射第一光滤波器 30波长选择后的第二路光信号至 增益介质 11具有第二反射率的端面， 增益介质 11具有第二反射率的端面将第 二路光信号传输至光调制器 21 , 由光调制器 21对光信号进行调制。 由于第二 反射率的端面反射率较高， 则光调制器 21 发出的经过调制的光信号会被第二 反射率的端面反射， 则其进入增益介质 11的几率将大大减少。
本发明实施例提供的外腔激光器， 增益介质包括具有第一反射率的端面和 具有第二反射率的端面， 第一反射率小于第二反射率。 增益介质通过偏置电流 激发产生的光信号经反射器件反射回增益介质， 由于第一反射率的端面反射率 较低， 可使该部分光损耗较少。 光调制器对光信号进行调制， 由于第二反射率 的端面反射率较高， 则光调制器发出的经过调制的光信号会被第二反射率的端 面反射， 则其进入增益介质的几率将大大减少， 大大减少了残留信号以噪声的 形式叠加到现有信号的机会， 提高了信号的信噪比。
可选地， 如图 5所示， 上述实施例五提供的外腔激光器还包括： 第二光滤波器 31 , 第二光滤波器 31与光调制器耦接， 用以对经过光调制 器调制的第二路光信号进行波长选择， 并将通过第二光滤波器波长选择的第二 路光信号传输至光纤或接收机。
本发明实施例提供的外腔激光器， 通过设置第二光滤波器， 可将经过调制 的不带有残留光信号的光信号复用到主干光纤和接收机中。
可选地， 如图 5所示， 在上述实施例提供的外腔激光器的基础上， 第一光 滤波器 30包括一个输出端口和多个输入端口， 第一光滤波器 30的输出端口与 反射器件 40连接， 第一光滤波器 30的每个输入端口与增益介质耦接。 例如， 第一光滤波器 30的输入端口可以与增益介质 12耦接。
本发明实施例提供的外腔激光器， 第一光滤波器包括一个输出端口和多个 输出端口， 可以形成一个多波长的激光器阵列。
可选地， 如图 5所示， 在上述实施例提供的外腔激光器的基础上， 第二光 滤波器 31包括一个输出端口和多个输入端口， 第二光滤波器 31的每个输入端 口与光调制器耦接， 第二光滤波器 31的输出端口将第二路光信号复用至光纤 或接收机。 例如， 第二光滤波器 31的输入端口与光调制器 22耦接。
本发明实施例提供的外腔激光器， 第二光滤波器包括一个输出端口和多个 输入端口， 可将多波长激光器阵列调制的光信号复用到光纤或接收机。
图 6为本发明实施例六的外腔激光器结构图， 如图 6所示， 本发明实施例 提供的外腔激光器在本发明实施例二的基础上， 第一光滤波器 30 包括第一公 共端、第二公共端和 2N个分支端口，第一公共端与第二公共端相差 N个通道； 每个分支端口耦接光分路器 50; N为大于等于 1的整数；
第一公共端与反射器件 40耦接， 反射器件 40还具有透射端口； 反射器件 的透射端口通过环形器 80与第二公共端耦接；
通过光分路器与第 M 分支端口耦接的增益介质从反射器件的透射端口透 过的光信号经过环形器传输至第一光滤波器的第二公共端， 进入通过光分路器 与第 N+M分支端口耦接的调制器进行调制；
通过光分路器 50与第 N+M分支端口耦接的增益介质从反射器件的透射端 口透射的光经过环形器传输至第一光滤波器的第二公共端口， 进入通过光分路 器与第 M分支端口耦接的调制器进行调制；
M为小于等于 N并大于等于 1的整数；
第一光滤波器具有周期性和通道波长循环特性。
具体实现过程中， 该周期性的第一光滤波器 30可以共有 2N个分支端口， 对于第一公共端， 2N个分支端口对应的中心波长为 λ2 , ... ... λ2η, 第二公 共端可以与第一公共端相差 Ν个通道， 由于第一光滤波器 30具有周期性和循 环特性，则对于第二公共端， 2Ν个分支端口对应的中心波长为 λη+ 1、 λη+2 , ... ... λ2η, λ2 ... ... λη。 增益介质 13与第一光滤波器 30的第 1个分支端口及反射 器件 40形成中心波长为 的激光谐振腔， 增益介质 13发出的波长为 的光 信号通过第一光滤波器 30、反射器件 40以及环形器 80进入第二公共端， 由于 第二公共端与第一公共端相差 η个通道， 则进入第二公共端的光信号注入到第 一光滤波器 30的第 N+1个分支端口上的光调制器 23进行调制。
同样的，增益介质 14发出的波长为 λη+1的光信号，最终通过第二公共端进 入第 1个分支端口上的光调制器 24进行调制。 最终， 经过调制的光信号均通 过第二公共端以及环形器 80进入到主干光纤中， 其它端口依次类推， 在此不 再赘述。
本发明实施例提供的外腔激光器， 第一光滤波器包括第一公共端、 第二公 共端和至少两个分支端口， 以及第一光滤波器具有周期性和通道波长循环特 性， 使本发明实施例提供的外腔激光器可同时对多个波长的光信号进行调制， 最大限度的减少残留信号以噪声的形式叠加到现有信号的机会， 提高了信号 的信噪比， 同时节省了器件和资源， 有效降低成本。
可选地， 上述图 6实施例中的光分路器为波分复用器。 具体地， 波分复用 器能够将增益介质和光调制器的光复用到光纤中。
本发明实施例的光分路器为波分复用器， 大量减少了光纤的使用量， 大大 降低了建设成本、 由于光纤数量少， 当出现故障时， 恢复起来也迅速方便。
在上述实施例中， 第一光滤波器和第二光滤波器为波导阵列光栅、 波导光 路由器或者以太龙滤波器中的任一或其组合。
在具体实现过程中，可以根据实际情况选择上述任一，也可以选择其组合， 通过上述光滤波器的组合， 可以形成激光器阵列。
在上述实施例中， 光调制器为反射型半导体光放大器或发射型注入锁定激 光器或反射型电吸收调制器。
在具体实现过程中， 光调制器还可以包含光放大器， 对光进行放大， 上述 光调制器的选择和使用场合， 本发明实施例在此不作特别限制。
在上述实施例中， 增益介质、 反射器件、 光调制器、 第一光滤波器和第二 光滤波器可通过光纤或自由空间连接。可根据具体的实际情况，选择连接方式。
在本发明实施例中， 还提供一种光发射机， 可以包括上述实施例中的任 一外腔激光器， 其实现原理和技术效果类似， 在此不再赘述。
图 7为本发明实施例七的无源光网络系统结构图， 如图 7所示， 无源光网 络系统包括至少一个光线路终端 101和至少一个光网络单元 103 , 光线路终端 101通过光分配网络 102连接到至少一个光网络单元 103 , 光线路终端 101和 / 或光网络单元 103包括上述任一实施例中的外腔激光器。
具体来说， 无源光网络系统可以将光线路终端 101下行的数据传输到各个 光网络单元 103 , 同时将多个光网络单元 103的上行数据汇总传输到光线路终 端 101。 在光线路终端 101和 /或光网络单元 103中的激光器可以釆用上述实施 例中的激光器来实现， 其具体结构和工作过程与上述实施例类似， 在此不再赘 述。
在上述实施例中， 对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重， 某个实施例中没有 详述的部分， 可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解： 实现上述各方法实施例的全部或部分步 骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成。 前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可 读取存储介质中。 该程序在执行时， 执行包括上述各方法实施例的步骤； 而 前述的存储介质包括： ROM、 RAM, 磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码 的介质。
最后应说明的是： 以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非对 其限制； 尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的普通 技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改， 或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或者替换， 并 不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种外腔激光器， 其特征在于， 包括： 增益介质、 光调制器、 第一光 滤波器、 反射器件， 所述增益介质、 所述第一光滤波器和所述反射器件构成 激光谐振腔；
所述增益介质产生光信号并发射所述光信号至所述第一光滤波器； 所述第一光滤波器对所述光信号进行波长选择， 并将通过所述第一光滤 波器波长选择的所述光信号传输到所述反射器件；
所述反射器件将经过所述第一光滤波器波长选择后的所述光信号反射回 所述增益介质；
所述光调制器对所述增益介质产生的光信号进行调制。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的外腔激光器， 其特征在于， 还包括： 光分路器， 设置在所述第一光滤波器和所述增益介质之间， 所述光分路 器包括一个输入端和两个输出端， 所述光分路器的输入端连接所述第一光滤 波器， 所述光分路器的两个输出端分别连接所述增益介质和所述光调制器； 所述光分路器用以将从所述第一光滤波器返回的光信号分为第一路光信 号和第二路光信号， 其中第一路光信号注入回所述增益介质； 第二路光信号 注入到光调制器， 进行信号调制。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的外腔激光器， 其特征在于， 所述光分路器为光 分束器或者具有部分反射部分透射功能的薄膜介质。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的外腔激光器， 其特征在于：
所述增益介质的增益偏振方向和所述光调制器的增益偏振方向成 45 ° + ΚΧ 90° , 在所述光分路器和所述光调制器之间设置有 45 ° + ΚΧ 90° 法拉第 旋转镜， 所述 Κ为大于等于 0的整数。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的外腔激光器， 其特征在于：
所述增益介质的增益偏振方向和所述光调制器的增益偏振方向成 45 ° +
ΚΧ 90。 ， 在所述光分路器和所述增益介质之间设置有 45 ° + ΚΧ 90。 法拉第 旋转镜， 在所述反射器件和所述第一光滤波器之间设置有 45。 + ΚΧ 90。 法拉 第旋转镜， 所述 45 ° + ΚΧ 90° 法拉第旋转镜和所述反射器件组成法拉第旋转 反射器件， 所述 Κ为大于等于 0的整数。
6、 根据权利要求 1-5任一所述的外腔激光器， 其特征在于： 所述反射器件还具有透射端口， 用以将所述光信号透射并传输至光纤或接 收机。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的外腔激光器， 其特征在于：
所述增益介质包括具有第一反射率的端面和具有第二反射率的端面， 所述 第一反射率小于所述第二反射率；
所述增益介质具有所述第一反射率的端面发射光信号至所述第一光滤波 器；
所述反射器件反射所述第一光滤波器波长选择后的第二路光信号至所述 增益介质具有所述第二反射率的端面， 所述增益介质具有所述第二反射率的端 面将所述第二路光信号传输至所述光调制器。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的外腔激光器， 其特征在于， 所述外腔激光器还 包括：
第二光滤波器， 所述第二光滤波器与所述光调制器耦接， 用以将所述光调 制器调制的所述第二路光信号传输至光纤或接收机。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的外腔激光器， 其特征在于：
所述第一光滤波器包括一个输出端口和多个输入端口， 所述第一光滤波器 的输出端口与所述反射器件连接， 所述第一光率波器的每个输入端口与所述增 益介质耦接。
10、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的外腔激光器， 其特征在于：
所述第二光滤波器包括一个输出端口和多个输入端口， 所述第二光滤波器 的每个输入端口与所述光调制器耦接， 所述第二光滤波器的输出端口将所述第 二路光信号复用至光纤或接收机。
11、 根据权利要求 2所述的外腔激光器， 其特征在于：
所述第一光滤波器包括第一公共端、 第二公共端和 2N个分支端口， 所述 第一公共端与所述第二公共端相差 N个通道；每个所述分支端口耦接所述光分 路器； 所述 N为大于等于 1的整数；
所述第一公共端与所述反射器件耦接， 所述反射器件还具有透射端口； 所 述反射器件的透射端口通过环形器与所述第二公共端耦接；
通过所述光分路器与第 M 分支端口耦接的所述增益介质从所述反射器件 的透射端口透过的光信号经过所述环形器传输至所述第一光滤波器的第二公 共端， 进入通过所述光分路器与第 N+M分支端口耦接的调制器进行调制； 通过所述光分路器与第 N+M分支端口耦接的所述增益介质从所述反射器 件的透射端口透射的光经过所述环形器传输至所述第一光滤波器的第二公共 端口， 进入通过所述光分路器与第 M分支端口耦接的调制器进行调制；
所述 M为小于等于 N并大于等于 1的整数；
所述第一光滤波器具有周期性和通道波长循环特性。
12、 一种光发射机， 其特征在于， 包括权利要求 1-11任一所述的外腔激光 器。
13、 一种无源光网络系统， 其特征在于， 包括： 至少一个光线路终端和至 少一个光网络单元， 所述光线路终端通过光分配网络连接到所述至少一个光网 络单元： 其中， 所述光线路终端和 /或所述光网络单元包括权利要求 1-11任一 项所述的外腔激光器。
PCT/CN2012/083364 2012-10-23 2012-10-23 外腔激光器、光发射机及无源光网络系统 WO2014063302A1 (zh)

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