WO2014045477A1 - エンジンの制御装置及び制御方法 - Google Patents
エンジンの制御装置及び制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014045477A1 WO2014045477A1 PCT/JP2013/001905 JP2013001905W WO2014045477A1 WO 2014045477 A1 WO2014045477 A1 WO 2014045477A1 JP 2013001905 W JP2013001905 W JP 2013001905W WO 2014045477 A1 WO2014045477 A1 WO 2014045477A1
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- power
- capacitor
- learning
- power consumption
- engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/08—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for idling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
- F02D29/02—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
- F02D41/403—Multiple injections with pilot injections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/0862—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
- F02N11/0866—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery comprising several power sources, e.g. battery and capacitor or two batteries
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
- F02D41/2464—Characteristics of actuators
- F02D41/2467—Characteristics of actuators for injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/06—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the power supply or driving circuits for the starter
- F02N2200/061—Battery state of charge [SOC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an engine control apparatus and control method, and more particularly to an engine control apparatus and control method for learning characteristics of engine control-related components such as fuel injection valves used for engine control such as fuel injection control.
- fuel injection control such as fuel injection amount control and fuel injection timing control is performed by an electronic control system centered on a microprocessor.
- the characteristics of the fuel injection valve used for the fuel injection control (the relationship between the command injection time for the fuel injection valve and the actual injection amount) vary depending on, for example, individual differences of the fuel injection valves and changes with time. Therefore, it is known to learn the characteristics of the fuel injection valve as described in Patent Document 1 in order to grasp such variations and contribute to improving the reliability of engine control.
- Patent Document 2 describes a technique for detecting a rough idle state in which the engine speed during idling of an internal combustion engine fluctuates in an unstable manner with respect to a target speed.
- the engine is provided with an alternator as power generation means driven by rotation of the crankshaft.
- the alternator has a large driving resistance (load), and the load fluctuates unpredictably depending on the amount of power generation. Therefore, it is desirable not to operate the alternator during learning.
- the alternator may be activated during learning for the following reasons. That is, electric power is required to drive the fuel injection valve that is the learning object. Also, the microprocessor that performs the learning itself consumes power. Since these electric powers are supplied by discharging the battery as a power source during the execution of learning, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery is lowered during the execution of learning.
- SOC state of charge
- control is performed to generate power by the alternator during the execution of the learning and replenish the battery with the generated power.
- the alternator operates during the execution of learning.
- the present invention ensures that the engine is kept in a no-load state while learning the characteristics of the engine control-related parts used for engine control, and that the engine is kept in a stable state to improve learning accuracy. For the purpose.
- the present invention provides an engine control device that learns the characteristics of engine control-related components used for engine control, the power generation means for generating power by obtaining power from the engine, and the power generation Calculated by the capacitor for storing the power generated by the means, the power consumption calculating means for calculating the power consumption required by the vehicle during the learning, the power stored in the capacitor and the power consumption calculating means Comparing means for comparing power consumption, and if the power stored in the capacitor is less than or equal to the power consumption as a result of the comparison by the comparing means, the power stored in the capacitor exceeds the power consumption As a result of comparison by the necessary power securing means for causing the power generation means to generate power until it becomes large, and the comparison by the comparison means, When the power to be stored is larger than the power consumption, or when the power stored in the capacitor by the required power securing means is larger than the power consumption, the power stored in the capacitor is An engine control device comprising learning execution means for executing the learning in a state where power generation
- the present invention provides an engine control method for learning characteristics of engine control-related components used for engine control, and the power consumption required by a vehicle during the execution of the learning.
- a power consumption calculating step for calculating the power a comparison step for comparing the calculated power consumption with the power stored in the capacitor for storing the power generated by the power generation means for generating power by obtaining power from the engine, and the comparison
- the engine while learning the characteristics of engine control-related parts used for engine control, the engine is reliably maintained in a no-load state, the engine is kept in a stable state, and learning accuracy is improved. be able to.
- FIG. 1 is a block configuration diagram of an engine 1 and a power supply device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a vehicle according to the present embodiment includes an engine (diesel engine in the present embodiment) 1 that is a power source for traveling, and an alternator 2 that generates power by obtaining power from the engine 1 (power generation according to the present invention).
- a capacitor 3 that is electrically connected to the alternator 2 and stores electric power generated by the alternator 2, an electric load 4, a DC / DC converter 5, a battery 6 that is a power source, and an engine 1 And a starter motor 7 for applying a rotational force to the engine 1 when starting the engine.
- the electric load 4 includes, for example, an air conditioner 21 (see FIG.
- the DC / DC converter 5 is interposed between the electric load 4 and the capacitor 3.
- the battery 6 is electrically connected to the DC / DC converter 5.
- the starter motor 7 is electrically connected to the DC / DC converter 5 via a starter relay 8.
- the starter relay 8 is turned on when the engine 1 is started, and is turned off otherwise.
- the starter relay 8 is turned on, the electric power charged in the battery 6 is supplied to the starter motor 7 via the DC / DC converter 5 (see the broken line arrow in FIG. 1).
- the starter motor 7 forcibly rotates the ring gear 1 b that is integrally attached to the output shaft (crankshaft) 1 a of the engine 1, and applies a rotational force to the engine 1.
- the vehicle according to the present embodiment is a vehicle with a so-called idle stop function that automatically stops the engine 1 under a predetermined condition even when the ignition is ON. Therefore, the starter motor 7 is driven not only when the ignition is turned from OFF to ON, but also when the engine 1 that has been automatically stopped is restarted. Therefore, the power of the battery 6 is frequently used.
- the transmission 10 is connected to the engine 1.
- a drive shaft 11 and wheels 12 are provided on the output side of the transmission 10.
- the output torque of the engine 1 is transmitted to the drive shaft 11 and the wheels 12 via the transmission 10, and the wheels 12 are rotated.
- the engine 1 is rotated by the wheels 12 and the drive shaft 11 that rotate by inertia.
- the alternator 2 is connected to the output shaft 1a of the engine 1 via a winding transmission member 1c such as a belt in order to obtain power from the engine 1, and is driven by the rotation of the output shaft 1a.
- the alternator 2 includes a rotor (not shown) that rotates in conjunction with the output shaft 1a of the engine 1 and a stator coil (not shown) arranged around the rotor.
- a field coil for generating a magnetic field is wound around the rotor.
- a current is applied to the field coil, and an induced current is generated in the stator coil by rotating the rotor in the magnetic field generated thereby.
- the alternator 2 includes a rectifier 2a that converts the generated AC power into DC power.
- the electric power generated by the alternator 2 is converted into direct current by the rectifier 2 a and then supplied to the capacitor 3.
- the capacitor 3 is a variable voltage electric double layer capacitor (EDLC: electric double layer capacitor) that can be charged from 12V to a maximum of 25V. Unlike the secondary battery such as the battery 6, the capacitor 3 stores electricity by physical adsorption of electrolyte ions. Therefore, the capacitor 3 has a low internal resistance and can be charged and discharged relatively quickly. is there.
- EDLC electric double layer capacitor
- the battery 6 is a secondary battery made of a general lead battery or the like as a vehicle battery. Since such a battery 6 stores electric energy by a chemical reaction, it is unsuitable for rapid charge / discharge, but has a characteristic that the charge capacity is large.
- the power generation by the alternator 2 is concentrated when the vehicle is decelerated, and the electric power (regenerative power) generated at that time is once charged in the capacitor 3.
- the maximum 25V electric power charged in the capacitor 3 is stepped down to 12V by the DC / DC converter 5 and then supplied to the electric load 4 and the battery 6 (see the black arrow in FIG. 1).
- the alternator 2 When the state of charge (SOC: state of charge) becomes too low, the battery 6 is promoted to deteriorate. Therefore, in order to prevent the battery 6 from deteriorating, when the SOC of the battery 6 becomes lower than a predetermined value, power is replenished from the capacitor 3 to the battery 6. Along with this, the alternator 2 generates power and supplies power to the capacitor 3. That is, the alternator 2 generates power at a high frequency in order to protect the battery 6 from deterioration by maintaining the SOC of the battery 6 at a predetermined value or higher. As described above, since the power of the battery 6 is frequently used by the idle stop function, the alternator 2 generates power more and more frequently.
- SOC state of charge
- the alternator 2 When the vehicle is decelerating frequently, the alternator 2 frequently generates electric power, and the capacitor 3 is charged during a limited deceleration time. Be covered. For example, when the vehicle is traveling in an urban area, acceleration / deceleration of the vehicle is frequently repeated. In many cases, the vehicle decelerates again before the electric power charged in the capacitor 3 significantly decreases, and regenerative power is generated. Is supplied to the capacitor 3. Therefore, it is almost unnecessary to supply electric power to the electric load 4 by discharging the battery 6.
- the reason for this is that, as described above, when the voltage of the capacitor 3 (from 12 V to the maximum 25 V) is higher than the voltage of the battery 6 (the minimum 12 V), the power supply 100 according to the present embodiment This is because the electric load 4 is used in preference to the electric power 6 (the electric power is not supplied from the battery 6 to the electric load 4). For example, the capacitor 3 is almost fully charged by power generation within 10 seconds (several seconds) of the alternator 2.
- the power supply apparatus 100 is a dual storage type power supply apparatus that utilizes the capacitor 3 and the battery 6 having different characteristics.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle electronic control system according to the present embodiment, centering on a PCM (power-train control module) 200.
- the PCM 200 is a microprocessor including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like, and corresponds to a power consumption calculation unit, a comparison unit, a necessary power securing unit, and a learning execution unit according to the present invention.
- the PCM 200 receives various information from a plurality of sensors provided in the vehicle. That is, the vehicle includes a vehicle speed sensor SW1 for detecting the traveling speed (vehicle speed) of the vehicle, a brake sensor SW2 for detecting an operation force (brake operation force) of a brake pedal (not shown), and an accelerator pedal (not shown).
- a vehicle speed sensor SW1 for detecting the traveling speed (vehicle speed) of the vehicle
- a brake sensor SW2 for detecting an operation force (brake operation force) of a brake pedal (not shown)
- an accelerator pedal not shown
- it is injected from the capacitor voltage sensor SW5 for detecting the capacitor power (power stored in the capacitor 3)
- the fuel temperature sensor SW7 for detecting the temperature of the fuel to be detected, the pressure of the fuel injected from the fuel injection valve 20 (fuel pressure)
- a fuel pressure sensor SW8 for taking out an intake air temperature sensor SW9 for detecting the temperature (outside air temperature) of the intake air, an atmospheric pressure sensor SW10 for detecting the atmospheric pressure, and a battery SOC for detecting the SOC of the battery 6
- a sensor SW11 is provided. These sensors SW1 to SW11 and the PCM 200 are electrically connected.
- the PCM 200 is electrically connected to the field coil of the alternator 2, the DC / DC converter 5, the starter relay 8, the fuel supply pump 9, and the fuel injection valve 20, and a drive control signal is supplied to these devices. Is output. An air conditioner on / off signal is input from the air conditioner 21 to the PCM 200.
- the PCM 200 controls the combustion of the engine 1 based on various information input from the sensors SW1 to SW11 so as to obtain an appropriate torque according to the traveling state of the vehicle, or according to the traveling state of the vehicle.
- the power generation amount of the alternator 2 is controlled, and the supply of electric power generated by the alternator 2 to the electric load 4 and the battery 6 is controlled.
- the PCM 200 automatically stops the engine 1 under a predetermined condition and restarts the stopped engine 1. It has a function to make it.
- the PCM 200 has a function of learning characteristics of the fuel injection valve 20 used for fuel injection control of the engine 1 (a relationship between an instruction injection time for the fuel injection valve 20 and an actual injection amount). Have.
- the PCM 200 determines that the engine water temperature specified by the information from the water temperature sensor SW6 is constant within a predetermined range, and the fuel temperature specified by the information from the fuel temperature sensor SW7 is constant within a predetermined range.
- the outside air temperature specified by the information from the intake air temperature sensor SW9 is constant within a predetermined range, and the SOC of the battery 6 specified by the information from the battery SOC sensor SW11 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.
- the travel distance exceeds a predetermined value, or the deviation between the average value of the actual rotational speeds of all the cylinders and the target idle rotational speed described later (see FIG. 5) becomes a predetermined value. When it exceeds, it is determined that the learning execution request has been established.
- the PCM 200 calculates the power consumption required by the vehicle during the execution of learning in step S4 described later based on the amount of electricity used by the vehicle (operation as power consumption calculation means, that is, power consumption calculation step).
- the power consumption necessary for the vehicle during the execution of learning includes the electric power necessary for executing the learning (for example, the electric power necessary for driving the fuel injection valve 20 that is the learning object, and learning.
- the PCM 200 compares the capacitor power (power stored in the capacitor 3) specified by the information from the capacitor voltage sensor SW5 with the calculated power consumption (operation as a comparison means, that is, a comparison step). As a result, when the capacitor power (Qc) is larger than the power consumption (Qo) (Qc> Qo), the PCM 200 determines that the capacitor power condition is satisfied, and proceeds to step S3. On the other hand, when the capacitor power (Qc) is less than or equal to the power consumption (Qo) (Qc ⁇ Qo), the PCM 200 determines that the capacitor power condition is not satisfied, and proceeds to step S2.
- step S2 the PCM 200 determines that the capacitor power (the power stored in the capacitor 3) specified by the information from the capacitor voltage sensor SW5 is determined until it is determined in step S1 that the capacitor power condition is satisfied.
- the alternator 2 generates power and charges the capacitor 3 until the power consumption exceeds the power consumption (operation as necessary power securing means, that is, necessary power securing step).
- the power generation by the alternator 2 is preferably performed when the vehicle is decelerated, but may be performed when the vehicle is accelerated depending on the situation.
- the capacitor 3 can be charged and discharged relatively rapidly, the capacitor 3 is fully charged by power generation in a short time (for example, several seconds), and the capacitor power exceeds the power consumption.
- the capacitor power is larger than the power consumption means that the power consumption necessary for the vehicle is secured in the capacitor 3 during the execution of the learning in step S4. Therefore, even if the power consumption necessary for the vehicle is all covered only by the capacitor power during the execution of the learning in step S4, the voltage of the capacitor 3 does not fall below 12V, and the voltage of the capacitor 3 is the minimum voltage 12V of the battery 6. Means no lower.
- step S3 the PCM 200 determines whether or not a learning execution condition is satisfied.
- the PCM 200 determines that, for example, the engine water temperature is constant within a predetermined range, the fuel temperature is constant within a predetermined range, and the outside air temperature is within a predetermined range, similar to the determination of establishment of the learning execution request. That the vehicle speed is constant, the SOC of the battery 6 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and the vehicle speed specified by the information from the vehicle speed sensor SW1 is zero, the brake sensor SW2 The brake operating force specified by the information from the vehicle is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the accelerator opening specified by the information from the accelerator opening sensor SW3 is zero, and the information from the crank angle sensor SW4 is specified.
- the engine speed is stable at a predetermined idle speed, the air conditioner 21 is off, and the alternator 2 is not operating (alternator) Various conditions) such that the power generation is not performed by the like when it is satisfied all, it is determined that the learning execution condition is satisfied.
- the PCM 200 executes learning using the capacitor power in step S4 (operation as learning execution means, that is, a learning execution step).
- the power supply device 100 has a configuration in which electricity flows from the capacitor 3 side to the electric load 4 side and the battery 6 side when the voltage of the capacitor 3 is higher than the voltage of the battery 6, that is, In this configuration, the electric power of the capacitor 3 is used by the electric load 4 with priority over the electric power of the battery 6 (the electric power is not supplied from the battery 6 to the electric load 4). In other words, if the power of the capacitor 3 is preferentially used and the voltage of the capacitor 3 is lower than the voltage of the battery 6, the power of the battery 6 starts to be used. Then, in order to maintain the SOC of the battery 6 at a predetermined value or more and protect the battery 6 from deterioration, the alternator 2 starts power generation. If the alternator 2 generates power during the execution of learning in step S4, the load applied to the engine 1 increases due to the operation of the alternator 2, and the load fluctuates unpredictably, so the engine 1 does not become stable. Learning accuracy is reduced.
- step S4 in order to prevent the alternator 2 from generating power during the execution of learning in step S4, whether or not the capacitor power condition is satisfied is determined in step S1, and the vehicle is in operation during the execution of learning in step S4. It is confirmed that the power stored in the capacitor 3 is larger than the necessary power consumption (that is, the power consumption necessary for the vehicle is secured in the capacitor 3 during the execution of the learning in step S4). . As a result, even if only the power of the capacitor 3 is used during execution of learning, the voltage of the capacitor 3 does not exceed the minimum voltage 12V of the battery 6. Therefore, learning in step S4 is performed in a state where power generation by the alternator 2 is not performed (avoided).
- step S4 the learning operation performed in step S4 will be outlined with reference to FIGS.
- the PCM 200 learns the characteristics of the fuel injection valve 20 used for fuel injection control of the engine 1 (relationship between the command injection time for the fuel injection valve 20 and the actual injection amount).
- the learning performed in step S4 is referred to as “multistage micro injection amount learning”.
- the engine 1 performs multistage injection (for example, pre-injection and main injection) for the purpose of combustion control.
- the amount of injection at one time is as small as, for example, about 1 to 5 mm 3 / st. Therefore, it is important to achieve such minute injection with high accuracy.
- the minute injection amount varies due to individual differences of the fuel injection valves 20 and changes with time.
- the injection amount is controlled by increasing / decreasing the command injection time (for example, pulse width) to the fuel injection valve 20, but even if the same command injection time is given, the actual injection amount varies.
- the solid line indicates the relationship between the command injection time of a predetermined reference fuel injection valve and the injection amount that were determined during vehicle development. Even if the same injection time is instructed with respect to the characteristics of the reference fuel injection valve, depending on the fuel injection valve 20, more fuel is injected as shown by a broken line or less fuel is injected as shown by a chain line. Such variations appear prominently when the injection amount is very small, as indicated by a circle in the figure.
- the purpose is to learn the characteristics of the fuel injection valve 20 and to ensure the accuracy of the multistage micro injection amount. .
- a learning-specific injection pattern set (a predetermined number of injection stages, injection amount, injection timing, and fuel pressure) is performed while the engine 1 is in an idle state and no load. .
- the required injection amount is divided by the number of injection stages and injected (for example, the same injection amount is used for pre-injection, main injection, and after-injection).
- learning is performed in an environment where engine water temperature, fuel temperature, intake air temperature, electric load / mechanical load, atmospheric pressure, and the like are constant.
- the learning in step S4 is performed when the vehicle is stopped and the engine 1 is in the idle state.
- a reference injection time of a reference fuel injection valve set in advance for obtaining a target idle rotation speed is given to the fuel injection valve 20 of each cylinder, and the actual engine rotation speed (actual rotation speed) obtained at that time is given for each cylinder.
- the difference between the actual rotational speed and the target idle rotational speed depends on the characteristics of each fuel injection valve 20 (the relationship between the command injection time for the fuel injection valve 20 and the actual injection amount).
- the command injection time is increased or decreased for each fuel injection valve 20 so that the actual rotation speed becomes the target idle rotation speed.
- the adjustment amount of the command injection time is a learned value.
- the learning value is obtained for each fuel injection valve 20 (that is, for each cylinder) and for each of a plurality of fuel pressures.
- Converting the injection amount into the injection time means that the injection time can be calculated from the injection amount and the fuel pressure. As shown in FIG. 6, at a certain fuel pressure, the command injection amount (QREAL) is converted into a command injection time (TQREAL), and the reference fuel injection amount (QTRUE) of the reference fuel injection valve is the reference injection time (TQTRUE) of the reference fuel injection valve. ).
- the above learning is performed at multiple fuel pressures from low pressure to high pressure. Then, a learning value is obtained for each cylinder and for each fuel pressure.
- step S3 If the learning execution conditions in step S3 are not satisfied by the end of all learning (for example, when the vehicle starts), the PCM 200 temporarily stops learning, and then in step S3. When the learning execution condition is satisfied, the subsequent learning is executed.
- the control device for the engine 1 has characteristics of the fuel injection valve 20 used for fuel injection control of the engine 1 (indicated injection time (ms) for the fuel injection valve 20 and actual (In relation to the injection amount (mm 3 / st)), and has the following characteristic configuration.
- an alternator 2 that generates power by obtaining power from the engine 1 and a capacitor 3 that stores electric power generated by the alternator 2 are provided.
- the PCM 200 of the electronic control system mounted on the vehicle calculates the power consumption (Qo) necessary for the vehicle during the learning execution in step S4, and the electric power (Qc) stored in the capacitor 3 And the power consumption are compared (step S1). As a result of this comparison, when the capacitor power is equal to or lower than the power consumption (Qc ⁇ Qo), the PCM 200 causes the alternator 2 to generate power until the capacitor power exceeds the power consumption (step S2).
- the PCM 200 Based on the premise that the learning execution condition is satisfied (YES in step S3), the characteristics of the fuel injection valve 20 are learned while the power is not generated by the alternator 2 while using the capacitor power (Qc) (step S4). .
- the power consumption (Qo) necessary for the vehicle is secured in the capacitor 3 during the execution of the learning. Even if only is used, the voltage of the capacitor 3 (from 12 V to a maximum of 25 V) does not become lower than the minimum voltage 12 V of the battery 6. Therefore, learning in step S4 is performed in a state where power generation by the alternator 2 is not performed, so that the engine 1 is reliably maintained in an unloaded state during the execution of the learning. Therefore, during learning, the engine 1 is secured in a stable state, and learning accuracy is reliably improved.
- the power supply device 100 is provided in which the capacitor 3, the electric load 4 that consumes power during the execution of the learning in step S4, and the battery 6 that is a power source are electrically connected to each other. ing.
- the power supply device 100 is configured such that the electric power of the capacitor 3 is used by the electric load 4 with priority over the electric power of the battery 6. In other words, when power is supplied from the capacitor 3 to the electric load 4, power is not supplied from the battery 6 to the electric load 4. Therefore, it is avoided that the battery 6 is discharged during learning together with the fact that a large amount of power (Qc) exceeding the power consumption (Qo) required by the vehicle is secured in the capacitor 3 during learning.
- the SOC of the battery 6 does not decrease during learning, and the promotion of deterioration of the battery 6 is suppressed. Furthermore, the battery 6 is not discharged during learning, and the SOC of the battery 6 does not decrease, thereby realizing a state in which power generation by the alternator 2 is not performed.
- the characteristics of the fuel injection valve 20 used for the fuel injection control of the engine 1 are accurately learned in a stable state of the engine 1, so that emission, fuel consumption, drivability, NVH (noise, vibration) , Harshness) and the like greatly improves engine performance.
- the alternator 2 is used as power generation means for generating power by obtaining power from the engine 1, but not only power generation but also torque assist of the engine 1 (torque for the output shaft 1a of the engine 1)
- a motor generator that can also perform an operation for providing the power may be used as the power generation means. That is, the present invention can be applied not only to a general vehicle having only an engine as a power source, but also to a hybrid vehicle using both an engine and a motor (motor generator).
- the electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is used as the capacitor 3 for storing the power generated by the alternator 2 (power generation means).
- the capacitor 3 can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and can be charged and discharged relatively quickly.
- Any capacitor capable of discharging can be used, and is not necessarily limited to an electric double layer capacitor.
- a rechargeable ion capacitor can be used as the capacitor 3 other than the electric double layer capacitor.
- the lithium ion capacitor is obtained by further improving the energy density by using a carbon-based material capable of electrochemically occluding lithium ions (the same material as the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery) as the negative electrode.
- the lithium ion capacitor having such a configuration is also called a hybrid capacitor because the principle of charging and discharging is different between the positive electrode and the negative electrode (a chemical reaction is used in combination).
- Both of the hybrid capacitor using the lithium ion capacitor as an example and the electric double layer capacitor have high energy density and linear charge / discharge characteristics, and therefore can be suitably used as the capacitor 3 according to the present invention. .
- the learning object (engine control-related component used for engine control) is the fuel injection valve 20, but is not limited thereto.
- learning the characteristics (individual differences and mounting variations) of the crank angle sensor SW4 also contributes to improving the reliability of engine control. Also in this case, it is preferable to keep the engine 1 in an unloaded state during learning because the twist of the crankshaft 1a is suppressed and learning accuracy is improved.
- the present invention is an engine control device that learns the characteristics of engine control-related components used for engine control, and that generates power by generating power from the engine, and stores the power generated by the power generation means.
- a capacitor power consumption calculating means for calculating power consumption required by the vehicle during execution of the learning, and comparing means for comparing the power stored in the capacitor with the power consumption calculated by the power consumption calculating means If the power stored in the capacitor is equal to or lower than the power consumption as a result of the comparison by the comparing means, the power generating means generates power until the power stored in the capacitor exceeds the power consumption.
- the power generating means uses the power stored in the capacitor.
- An engine control device comprising learning execution means for executing the learning in a state where power generation is not performed.
- a capacitor capable of relatively rapid charging / discharging is provided, and the electric power generated by the power generation means is stored in the capacitor.
- the power consumption required by the vehicle is calculated while learning the characteristics of the engine control-related components used for engine control.
- the power stored in the capacitor is larger than the power consumption, the power is stored in the capacitor.
- the learning is performed while using the electric power.
- the power generation means is allowed to generate power until the power stored in the capacitor exceeds the power consumption and then stored in the capacitor. The learning is performed while using the electric power.
- learning is executed in a state where power generation by the power generation means is not performed because a large amount of power exceeding the power consumption required by the vehicle is secured in the capacitor during learning. Therefore, during execution of learning, the engine is reliably maintained in a no-load state, the engine is ensured in a stable state, and learning accuracy is reliably improved.
- the capacitor, an electric load that consumes electric power during execution of the learning, and a battery that is a power source are electrically connected to each other, and electric power is supplied from the capacitor to the electric load.
- power is not supplied from the battery to the electric load.
- the engine control-related component is a fuel injection valve.
- the characteristics of the fuel injection valve used for fuel injection control can be learned with high accuracy while the engine is stable. Therefore, engine performance such as emission, fuel consumption, drivability, NVH (noise, vibration, harshness) is greatly improved.
- the present invention also relates to an engine control method for learning characteristics of engine control-related components used for engine control, the power consumption calculating step for calculating the power consumption required by the vehicle during the execution of the learning, and the engine A comparison step of comparing the calculated power consumption with the power stored in the capacitor that stores the power generated by the power generation means that generates power by generating power from the power, and is stored in the capacitor as a result of the comparison
- the power is less than or equal to the power consumption
- the stored power is larger than the power consumption, or as a result of power generation by the power generation means, stored in the capacitor
- the present invention has industrial applicability in the technical field of engine control devices and control methods for learning the characteristics of engine control-related components used for engine control.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係るエンジン1及び電源装置100のブロック構成図である。図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る車両は、走行用の動力源であるエンジン(本実施形態ではディーゼルエンジン)1と、エンジン1から動力を得て発電するオルタネータ2(本発明の発電手段に相当)と、オルタネータ2に電気的に接続され、オルタネータ2により発電された電力を蓄えるキャパシタ3と、電気負荷4と、DC/DCコンバータ5と、電力源であるバッテリ6と、エンジン1を始動する際にエンジン1に回転力を付与するスタータモータ7とを備えている。電気負荷4は、例えば、エアコン21(図2参照)、オーディオ、ヘッドライト等の他、燃料噴射弁20や燃料噴射弁20に燃料を供給する燃料供給ポンプ9(図2参照)等を含む。DC/DCコンバータ5は、電気負荷4とキャパシタ3との間に介設されている。バッテリ6は、DC/DCコンバータ5に電気的に接続されている。
図2は、PCM(power-train control module)200を中心とした本実施形態に係る車両の電子制御システムの構成図である。PCM200は、周知のとおり、CPU、ROM、RAM等から構成されるマイクロプロセッサであり、本発明に係る消費電力算出手段、比較手段、必要電力確保手段、及び学習実行手段に相当する。
図3のフローチャートを参照して、PCM200が行う学習実行制御の動作を説明する。
この学習実行制御は、所定の学習実行要求が成立することによりスタートする。
学習実行要求が成立したと判定され、学習実行制御がスタートすると、PCM200は、ステップS1で、キャパシタ電力条件が成立しているか否かを判定する。
ステップS3では、PCM200は、学習実行条件が成立しているか否かを判定する。
次に、図4~図6を参照して、ステップS4で行われる学習動作を概説する。このステップS4では、PCM200は、エンジン1の燃料噴射制御に用いられる燃料噴射弁20の特性(燃料噴射弁20に対する指示噴射時間と実際の噴射量との関係)を学習する。このステップS4で行われる学習を「多段式微少噴射量学習」と称する。
エミッション、燃費、ドライバビリティ、NVH(noise,vibration,harshness)を高レベルで実現するため、本実施形態に係るエンジン1では、燃焼制御を目的とした多段噴射(例えばプレ噴射とメイン噴射とアフター噴射とを含む燃料噴射)が行われる。このような多段噴射では、1回の噴射量が例えば1~5mm3/st程度と微小となるため、そのような微少噴射を精度よく達成することが重要である。しかし、燃料噴射弁20の個体差や経時変化等によって微少噴射量にバラツキが生じる。
多段式微少噴射量学習では、エンジン1がアイドル状態且つ無負荷の状態で、学習専用の噴射パターンセット(所定の噴射段数、噴射量、噴射時期、燃圧のセット)を行う。なお、この学習では、要求噴射量を噴射段数で当分割して噴射する(例えばプレ噴射とメイン噴射とアフター噴射とで噴射量を同じにする)。また、学習精度を確保するために、エンジン水温、燃料温度、吸気温度、電気負荷・機械負荷、大気圧等が一定の環境下で学習を行う。なお、ステップS3の学習実行条件からわかるように、このステップS4の学習は、車両が停止し、エンジン1がアイドル状態のときに行われる。
以上のように、本実施形態に係るエンジン1の制御装置は、エンジン1の燃料噴射制御に用いられる燃料噴射弁20の特性(燃料噴射弁20に対する指示噴射時間(ms)と実際の噴射量(mm3/st)との関係)を学習するものであって、次のような特徴的構成を備えている。
前記実施形態では、エンジン1から動力を得て発電する発電手段としてオルタネータ2を用いたが、発電だけでなくエンジン1のトルクアシスト(エンジン1の出力軸1aにアシスト用のトルクを付与する動作)も行うことが可能なモータジェネレータを前記発電手段として用いてもよい。つまり、本発明は、動力源としてエンジンのみを備える一般の車両だけでなく、エンジンとモータ(モータジェネレータ)とを併用したハイブリッド車両にも適用可能である。
Claims (4)
- エンジン制御に用いられるエンジン制御関連部品の特性を学習するエンジンの制御装置であって、
エンジンから動力を得て発電する発電手段と、
前記発電手段により発電された電力を蓄えるキャパシタと、
前記学習の実行中に車両で必要な消費電力を算出する消費電力算出手段と、
前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力と前記消費電力算出手段で算出された消費電力とを比較する比較手段と、
前記比較手段による比較の結果、前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力が前記消費電力以下のときは、前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力が前記消費電力を超えて大きくなるまで前記発電手段に発電を行わせる必要電力確保手段と、
前記比較手段による比較の結果、前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力が前記消費電力を超えて大きいとき、又は、前記必要電力確保手段により前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力が前記消費電力を超えて大きくなったときは、前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力を使用しつつ、前記発電手段による発電が行われない状態で、前記学習を実行する学習実行手段とを有することを特徴とするエンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載のエンジンの制御装置において、
前記キャパシタと、前記学習の実行中に電力を消費する電気負荷と、電力源であるバッテリとが相互に電気的に接続され、
前記キャパシタから前記電気負荷に電力が供給されているときは、前記バッテリから前記電気負荷に電力が供給されないように構成されていることを特徴とするエンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のエンジンの制御装置において、
前記エンジン制御関連部品は燃料噴射弁であることを特徴とするエンジンの制御装置。 - エンジン制御に用いられるエンジン制御関連部品の特性を学習するエンジンの制御方法であって、
前記学習の実行中に車両で必要な消費電力を算出する消費電力算出ステップと、
エンジンから動力を得て発電する発電手段により発電された電力を蓄えるキャパシタに蓄えられている電力と前記算出された消費電力とを比較する比較ステップと、
前記比較の結果、前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力が前記消費電力以下のときは、前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力が前記消費電力を超えて大きくなるまで前記発電手段に発電を行わせる必要電力確保ステップと、
前記比較の結果、前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力が前記消費電力を超えて大きいとき、又は、前記発電手段による発電の結果、前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力が前記消費電力を超えて大きくなったときは、前記キャパシタに蓄えられている電力を使用しつつ、前記発電手段による発電が行われない状態で、前記学習を実行する学習実行ステップとを有することを特徴とするエンジンの制御方法。
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