Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/06—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads specially adapted for feet or legs; Corn-pads; Corn-rings
  • A61F13/08—Elastic stockings; for contracting aneurisms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
  • A61F13/01034—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by a property
  • A61F13/01038—Flexibility, stretchability or elasticity
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
  • D04B1/102—Patterned fabrics or articles with stitch pattern
  • D04B1/106—Patterned fabrics or articles with stitch pattern at a selvedge, e.g. hems or turned welts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
  • D04B1/18—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials elastic threads
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
  • D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
  • D04B1/26—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel stockings
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
  • D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
  • D04B1/26—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel stockings
  • D04B1/265—Surgical stockings
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
  • D04B15/18—Dials

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the technical field of methods of manufacturing tubular compression articles, in particular articles exerting a degressive compression from the ankle to the top of the leg.
• Compression articles, socks or knee socks, stockings, tights or sleeves are used to prevent or treat venous circulation problems, particularly in the lower limb or upper limb, as well as pathologies related to dysfunctions of the lymphatic system and reduce edema.
• Venous disorders can have several origins, among which we find in particular: a stiffening of the venous wall, an alteration of the valves or an increase in the diameter of the veins.
• the local pressure exerted on a limb by a compressive effect article is a function in particular of the force-elongation characteristics of said article.
• P represents the pressure exerted at a given point of the member considered.
• L is the width of the considered zone of the member and n represents the number of layers of the compressive effect article disposed on said zone.
• T is the tension, expressed in Newtons, exerted by said article when it is threaded on the lower or upper limb.
• R is the radius of curvature at the considered point of the lower or upper limb.
• the compression levels can be distributed as follows:
• Class I 13 to 20 hPa
• Class II 20.1 to 27 hPa
• Class III 27.1 hrs Pa at 48 hPa
• Class IV more than 48 hPa
• Compression articles especially high class, are difficult to put on by the patient, especially when it has reduced mobility.
• the compression socks (or compression effect) medical consist of two son, namely a weft yarn and a so-called mesh yarn.
• the weft yarn is an elastic yarn whose path is almost linear in the direction of the rows of stitches of the compression articles.
• the weft thread is used to assign the compressive effect to the compression article.
• Mesh yarn also referred to as background yarn, gives the knitted compression article its dimensions as well as its comfort and aesthetic properties.
• the mesh employed is generally of the jersey type. So that the weft yarn is integral with the knitted compression article, it produces loads, sometimes even stitches, on the stitch yarn, the weft yarn is then locked in the feet of all or part of the knitted stitches with the mesh yarn.
• the stitch yarn or bottom thread produces rows of stitch stitches in place while the weft yarn performs loads with different ratios. The wider the coast, the more the float made by the weft yarn on the underside of the knit is also. These floats of weft thread being apparent on the reverse side of the knitted article form areas of hooking and friction for the skin during threading of the article on the leg thus complicating its correct positioning.
• the weft load areas are weft blocking areas in the transverse direction of the knitted tubular article limiting its elasticity, and make it even more difficult to set up and remove the compression article.
• finishing the border or upper peripheral area downstream of the rod of the compression article from which the foot is inserted into the article involves blocking the mesh and weft threads to avoid any fraying.
• a first finishing technique is simply to complete said upper peripheral zone by stitching.
• This technique has the disadvantage that the reverse is unattractive, and that it limits the elasticity of said area compared to the rest of the compression article which generates a border that does not remain in position on the leg, tends to sliding and rolling, and can be uncomfortable.
• a second technique consists in producing a knit lapel at said upper peripheral zone, said lapel having a knitting armor close to that of the rest of the compression article, but it is obtained by carrying stitches between the plate and the cylinder. , more precisely between the transfer plates and the needles, thus forming a double thickness.
• the thus formed lapel exerts pressure on the leg greater than that exerted by the rod. The reverse may even, in some cases, exert a tourniquet effect.
• This double-layered lapel is also warmer than the remainder of said compression article. Finally, depending on the morphology of the patient, he tends to slip.
• the present invention overcomes all or some of the aforementioned problems in that it relates in a first aspect, a method of manufacturing a tubular article of compression, sock type, low or mid-low, or sticky, having at least one rod, a tip of a foot, a heel, a foot and a side edge in the extension of the rod delimiting an opening for the introduction of the foot into said article, comprising the following steps:
• a first step of knitting the shank, foot and rim with at least one yarn on a double cylinder knitting machine comprising an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder each working with (m) needles, during which several rows of grid stitches (n) * (p), ( ⁇ ') * ( ⁇ ') and (n ") * (p") are knitted respectively for the stem, foot and side edge (6), ( m), (n), ( ⁇ '), (n "), (p), ( ⁇ ') and (p") being integers greater than or equal to 1, b.
• a double-cylinder knitting machine makes it possible to lay the weft yarn between two consecutive rows of stitches without blocking it by passing it through the stitching legs so that the weft yarn is found between the knitted stitches on the spot.
• the outer face of the article and the knitted stitches on the back forming the inner face of the compression article.
• the weft yarn thus forms a kind of intermediate layer disposed between the outer and inner faces and does not come into contact directly with the skin thus avoiding forming areas of hanging and / or friction with the skin. Threading of the article is thus facilitated and comfort in contact with said article is improved.
• the ribs according to the invention are "true" ribbed stitches. Indeed, in the state of the art when using a single-cylinder knitting machine, the ribs are formed by bringing the load zones of the weft load closer together, and thus, in a way, by knitting the knitted zones arranged between these zones. charge.
• the weft density is the insertion of one weft yarn every a / b rows of stitches, where a and b are integers greater than or equal to 1.
• the stem comprises several rows of meshes coast (n) * (p) while the foot and the side edge comprise rows of ribbed stitches respectively ( ⁇ ') * ( ⁇ ') and (n) ") * (p"), with n, ⁇ ', n ", p, p', and p" being integers greater than or equal to 1.
• the ribbed structure may be different between the stem, the foot and the side edge.
• the ribbed structure may be different inside the stem, foot and side edge.
• the stem may have 2/4 rib stitches alternated with 1/1 rib stitches.
• the mesh yarn is formed from ribbed stitches, but may also form jersey stitches on the spot and / or back depending on the desired effect.
• the knitting machine used in the context of the present invention is a double-roll knitting machine, i.e. having an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder each working with the same number of needles (m).
• the weft yarn is preferably arranged between two consecutive rows of stitches on at least 50% in number of the number of needles worked (m), it can thus be loaded or meshed according to the desired effect on at most 50% by number of remaining needles.
• the weft yarn is inserted between two consecutive rows of stitches on at least 75% by number of the number (m) needles worked on the upper and lower rolls, preferably still at least 90% by number of the number (m) of the needles worked, and still preferably on all the needles worked on the upper and lower cylinders without forming a load, nor mesh.
• the double-cylinder knitting machine makes it possible to complete the introduction opening without resorting to a reverse, as is the case with single-cylinder looms.
• the edge does not show a fold.
• the density of weft yarn in the side edge is less than or equal to the density of weft yarn in the shank, which makes it possible to maintain a perfect degression of the compression exerted and to prevent the side edge from exerting a tourniquet effect. .
• Said side edge may comprise rows of stitches and / or stitches formed from the stitch yarn and possibly the weft yarn inserted into the stitches.
• the ribbed edge comprises only ribbed stitches
• the elastic weft yarn is inserted between two rows of stitches every 1/2 to 1/5 rows of stitches on at least 75% by number, preferably at least 90% by number, of the number (m ) needles without forming charge or mesh.
• the elastic weft yarn is inserted between two rows of stitches every 1/2 to 1/5 rows of stitches on all worked needles (m) without forming a load or mesh.
• the tubular compression article according to the invention has a longitudinal direction (L) and a transverse direction (T) respectively corresponding to the columns of stitches and the rows of stitches.
• the weft thread can be inserted between all rows of stitches or every 1/2 to 1/5 rows of stitches.
• An elastic yarn is understood to mean a yarn having an elongation at break greater than or equal to 100%, preferably greater than or equal to 200%, and more preferably greater than or equal to 300%. These values can be determined for example using the NF EN ISO 2062 standard of January 2010.
• Titrations indicated in this text can be measured using standard NF EN ISO 2060 of June 1995.
• the mesh yarn according to the invention can be elastic.
• the second knitting step does not include the insertion in weft of an elastic weft thread.
• the method according to the invention comprises during said first step and / or said second step, a sub-step of knitting the stitch yarn for the formation of one or more rows of stitches in jersey before and / or back.
• the side edge has a height (h) of at least
• the side edge has a height (h) of at least
• the rod has two distinct circular zones A and B consecutive.
• the tension exerted on the elastic weft yarn during the knitting of the zone A is greater than the tension exerted on the yarn.
• an elastic weft in zone B so that the circumference of circular zone A is smaller than the circumference of circular zone B.
• This arrangement advantageously makes it possible to form a rod having a generally frustoconical shape whose degressivity of the compression exerted is perfectly homogeneous.
• the tension exerted (daN) is that applied to the weft thread before it is inserted into the upper or lower roll. This voltage can be measured using a mechanical tensiometer.
• the method according to the invention comprises during the first step, and / or the second step, a sub-step during which the elastic weft thread performs one or more loads.
• the elastic weft thread is inserted in weft during the first step every 1/1 to 1/2 rows of stitches.
• the subject of the invention is also, according to a second aspect, a tubular article having a compressive effect, of the sock type, low or mid-low, or sticky, having at least one shank, a toe, a heel and a foot, and a side edge in the extension of the rod delimiting an opening for the introduction of the foot into said article, obtained by the implementation of the method according to any one of the aforementioned embodiments, comprising a rib knit stitched yarn (n) * (p), ( ⁇ ') * ( ⁇ ') and (n ") * (p") respectively in the stem, the foot and the side edge, (n), ( ⁇ '), (n "), (p), ( ⁇ ') and (p") being integers greater than or equal to 1, and an elastic weft yarn disposed between two consecutive rows of stitches every 1/1 to 1/5 rows of stitches in the upper, the foot and the rim, by at least 50%, preferably by at least 75%, more preferably by at least 90%, by number of the number of stitching columns
• the elastic weft thread is disposed between two consecutive rows of stitches every 1/1 to 1/5 rows of mesh in the stem, the foot and possibly the edge on all the columns of mesh without forming charge or mesh.
• the elastic weft thread is inserted in weft in the shank and the foot every 1/1 to 1/2 rows of stitches.
• the weft yarn consists of an elastic core yarn covered with one or more covering yarns, in particular by wrapping, said covering yarns being preferably non-elastic.
• the elastic core yarn is elastane or elastodiene yarn.
• the elastic weft yarn has a titration between 150 dtex and 2000 dtex, preferably between 300 dtex and 1500 dtex.
• the mesh yarn has a titration of between 15 dtex and 500 dtex, preferably between 20 dtex and 300 dtex.
• the mesh yarn may consist of an elastic core yarn, in particular an elastane yarn, covered with one or more covering yarns, in particular by wrapping, said covering yarns being preferably non-elastic.
• the elastic weft yarn has a titration at least three times greater than that of the stitch yarn, preferably at least five times greater than that of the stitch yarn.
• This arrangement makes it possible to adjust the compressive effect exerted by said article.
• the side edge has a height (h) of at least
• the height (h) of the edge is greater than or equal to 20 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 50 mm.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows a tubular compression article according to the invention, in particular a compression sock
• Figure 2 schematically shows the knitting armor of the rod and foot of the compression sock shown in Figure 1;
• Figure 3 schematically shows the knitting armor of the heel and toe of the compression sock shown in Figure 1;
• FIG. 4 represents a graph comparing the forces and elongations at break obtained for the rod and the side edge of the article described in FIG. 1 with the forces and elongations at break of the stem and the back of a compression article. of the state of the art, said compression articles being classified as belonging to the medical compression class II;
• FIG. 5A shows curves comparing the forces to be applied to put on a compression article according to the invention and a compression article of the state of the art
• FIG. 5B shows curves comparing the forces and elongations obtained when the compression article according to the invention and a compression article of the state of the art are worn;
• FIG. 6 represents two curves comparing the elongations obtained under the effect of a determined weight for a compression article according to the invention (curve (C)), and a compression article of the state of the art (curve (D));
• FIGS. 7A to 7D represent histograms comparing the absorption properties of moisture (FIG. 7A), moisture evacuation (FIG. 7B), drying (FIG. 7C), and retention of the humidity (FIG. 7D) between the compression socks according to the invention and of the state of the art described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
• the tubular compression article 1 represented in FIG. 1 is a sock comprising a shank 2, a toe 3, a heel 4, a foot 5 and a side edge 6 in the extension of the shank 2.
• the whole of item 1 is knitted on a double roll knitting machine, i.e. comprising superimposed upper and lower rolls each working with a determined number of needles (m).
• the tubular article 1 comprises a longitudinal direction (L) and a transverse direction (T) respectively corresponding to the direction of the columns of stitches and in the sense of the rows of stitches.
• the shank 2, the shank 5 and the ribbed edge 6 comprise several rows of rib stitches respectively (n) * (p), ( ⁇ ') * ( ⁇ ') and (n ") * (p") knitted with a 7 mesh wire shown in Figure 2, between which are inserted elastic weft son 8 every 1/1 to 1/5 rows of stitches.
• the elastic weft thread 8 is inserted every 1/1 to 1/2 rows of stitches in (n) * (p) and ( ⁇ ') * ( ⁇ '), preferably between all rows of stitches in the shank 2 and the foot 5 without forming a load or mesh on at least 50% in number of the number of needles (m) worked, in this specific example without forming a load or mesh on all worked needles (m).
• the density of the weft yarn 8 is less important in the side edge 6 since the weft thread 8 is preferably inserted every 1/2 or more rows of stitches (n ") * (p") -
• the elastic weft thread 8 can be inserted between two rows of ribbed stitches forming a few fillers according to the desired effect, preferably the weft thread 8 does not form any load and is simply placed between the needles of the upper roll and the needles of the lower cylinder.
• the side edge 6, the shank 2 and the foot 5 comprise only ribbed stitches, in particular the shank 2 and the foot 5 comprise alternating rib rows 2/4 with 1/1 rib rows, the Knitting armors are thus shown in Figure 2.
• the heel 4 and the toe 3 do not comprise an elastic weft yarn inserted in weft and are knitted from the knit yarn 8 in jersey stitches, preferably knit stitches where the knitting weave is shown in Figure 3.
• the black dots represent, in Figures 2 and 3, the needles of the upper and lower cylinders.
• the rod 2 comprises two consecutive circular zones A and B, whose height is of the order of 5 mm.
• the compression sock 1 is knitted as a whole from the mesh yarn 7 comprising an elastic core yarn, in particular a 44 dtex elastane yarn, covered with a first cover wire, in particular a polyamide wire 6-6 with two ends of each 78 dtex, and a second cover wire, in particular cotton at a tip of 120 Nm; and a weft yarn 8 (only for the shank, foot and side edge), comprising an elastic core yarn, in particular a 330 dtex elastane yarn, covered with a first covering yarn, in particular a polyamide yarn at one end of 22 dtex, and a second cover yarn, in particular cotton at a tip of 160 Nm.
• a sock of the state of the art is knitted on a single cylinder knitting machine (ie cylinder-transfer plate, also referred to as "cylinder-dial") so as to have substantially the same dimensions, ie the same cutting, for the same class of medical compression, namely class II and a reverse formed of a double thickness.
• cylinder-transfer plate also referred to as "cylinder-dial”
• the compression sock of the state of the art is thus knitted from a knit yarn comprising an elastic core yarn, in particular a 22 dtex elastane yarn, covered with a first covering yarn, in particular at one end of 78 dtex polyamide 6-6 and a second cover wire, especially cotton at a tip 160 Nm; and a weft yarn comprising an elastic core yarn, in particular a 330 dtex elastane yarn, covered with a first covering yarn, in particular polyamide 6-6 with one end of 22 dtex and one second cover, especially cotton at the end of 160 Nm for the back, the stem and the foot.
• the sock of the state of the art does not include elastic weft yarn but a mesh yarn comprising an elastic core yarn, in particular a spandex yarn of 78 dtex, covered with a first cover wire, in particular a 6-6 polyamide wire at one end of 78 dtex, and a second cover wire, in particular a cotton thread with a tip of 160 Nm.
• the knit yarn is knitted in stocking jersey while the weft thread carries loads with ratios of 1/2, 1/3 and 2/3.
• FIGS. 4, 5A and 5B show the measurement values made according to standard NF 14-704-1 of June 2005.
• the compression force at the ankle exerted by the compression sock according to the invention and the sock of the state of the art are equivalent and measured according to standard NF G30-102 B dated October 1986).
• the flat width and rest of the sock 1 according to the invention measured at the beginning of the side edge on the rod is 95 mm; it is 90 mm regarding the width at the beginning of the backhand on the sock compression sock of the state of the art.
• the compression socks to be tested are placed on a Hohenstein leg so that they are in compliance with their placement in the wearing.
• the measurement of forces and elongations is performed in accordance with the wearing behavior of the compression socks; thus the lapel is tested in double thickness while the rib edge and the rod strips are tested in single thickness.
• the side edge 6 has a breaking elongation (716%) greater than that of the back of the state of the art (596%).
• the elastic behaviors of the stem of the sock of the state of the art and its reverse are divergent; we thus find the tourniquet effect of the critiqued setback.
• the elastic behaviors of the side edge and the upper of the sock according to the invention are very close (respectively 716% and 728% elongations at break) thus making it possible to obtain a degression of the compression exerted very homogeneous.
• the breaking force of the rod of the compression sock according to the invention (34.5 N / cm) is 29% greater than the breaking strength of the sock rod of the state of the technical data (26.7 N / cm).
• the elastic weft yarns do not form a load or mesh, in the compression sock according to the invention, or possibly very little, whereas in the sock of the state of the art, the weft yarns form loads at very regular intervals, said charges forming anchor points and thus blocking the mesh structure.
• Table 1 shows values extracted from FIGS. 5A and 5B representing the behavior of the compression socks according to the invention and of the state of the art according to the ranges of use, ie when worn under an elongation of 100 % to 105% and threading under an elongation ranging from 160% to 175%.
• the necessary force (N / cm) to thread the side edge is 65% less than that required to slip on the back of the compression sock of the state of the art.
• the side edge exerts a force (N / cm) 16% lower than that exerted by the rod, the degression of the compression exerted is thus perfectly respected.
• the reverse side exerts a force (N / cm) 23% greater than that exerted by the upper, the degression of the compression exerted is thus not perfectly ensured. .
• the radius of curvature is greater at the portion of the rod covering the leg than that of the portion of the rod covering the ankle, it still gets between the ankle and the leg an overall degression of the compression exerted.
• this degressivity is not perfectly regular and therefore homogeneous between the ankle and the leg.
• the compression sock according to the invention makes it possible to improve comfort by preventing the weft yarn from forming large floats on the underside of said sock, this latter arrangement combined with a rib edge also facilitating the threading of said sock.
• FIG. 6 represents two curves (C, D) obtained by the extensibility test method described below carried out on the rods of the compression sock 1 according to the invention and the compression sock of the state of the art. tested with reference to Figures 4, 5A and 5B, both having a class II compression level.
• Both socks tested have the same stem height between the heel and the beginning of the lapel or side edge, or 21 cm.
• the two socks also have the same cut, the circumference at the level of the ankle is 27.5 cm and the circumference at the calf is 41.5 cm.
• the height of the socks is 44 cm.
• the socks are hung on an extension bench by means of a first clamp pinching the socks on the stem at the beginning of the lapel or side edge.
• a second clamp, movable relative to the extension bench, is secured to the socks in the lower part of the rods at the level of the demarcation of the heel.
• Weights are hung on the second clamp so as to cause an extension in the vertical direction of the rods of said socks.
• the extension bench is provided with a graduation for measuring the elongation obtained according to the total weight applied to the second clamp.
• the mass of the second clamp is 0.250 kg and the weight of each weight is 1 kg.
• the measurement of the extension of the rods is recorded for the second clamp alone, then adding as a weight of 1 Kg up to 10 Kg in total.
• the force (Kg) to be exerted to bring the rod to its application dimension is smaller for the compression sock according to the invention than that required for the sock. compression of the state of the art.
• this force (Kg) is also that which is applied to the edge or the back when the compression sock is placed on the leg.
• the force or traction exerted on the compression sock according to the invention in the transverse direction (T) is approximately equal to 50% of the force exerted on the compression sock of the state of the art for the same elongation (%) .
• the compression sock obtained by the process according to the invention has a better hold on the leg that compression sock of the state of the art. Indeed, the compression sock according to the invention will be much less likely to slip on the leg than the compression sock of the state of the art.
• This technical effect is explained by the construction of the compression sock according to the invention, which comprises a weft thread freely disposed between two consecutive rows of stitches, at least 50% by number of the number (m) of the knitted needles without form charge, nor mesh. Maintaining a compression sock in place while being worn is a balance between the compression exerted transversely and the lengthening exerted by the leg on the sock between the seam or lapel edge of the sock and the ankle.
• FIGS. 7A to 7D show measurements made on the compression socks according to the invention and of the state of the art described above and of class II according to the measuring method described hereinafter.
• the measurements are made on the side edge of the sock according to the invention (single thickness) and on the lapel (double thickness) of the sock of the state of the art.
• composition by weight of said socks is substantially equivalent:
• Compression socks were washed to remove any residues from manufacturing processes.
• the sock samples were taken from a standardized Hohenstein leg.
• the samples, during the measurements, are stretched at least 50% of their lengths at rest, which corresponds to the behavior of the compression socks worn.
• This test method is thus intended to study the dynamics of the transfer of water vapor through a textile piece which has been brought into contact with a known quantity of water, in particular 1 mg of water, which corresponds to a drop of sweat.
• the density of water vapor flow released by the test sample is measured and studied as a function of time.
• the device on which the test is carried out comprises a heating support heated to a temperature corresponding to the body temperature (35 ° C), a sample holder, and a measuring cell, such as a Peltier measuring cell equipped with a regulator .
• the support mounted opposite the sample holder, is preferably made of copper and can be covered with a layer of latex so as to reproduce the human skin.
• the sample holder is made so as to seal the assembly formed of the support, the sample and the measuring cell. Thus, humidity and ambient temperature variations do not affect the measurement.
• the measuring cell includes a flow sensor and a condenser for the removal of moisture.
• the temporal evolution of the density of water vapor flow through the samples comprises the following steps: contacting the sample with a drop of water corresponding to the absorption phase, transfer phase of the moisture in the sample or diffusion then evaporation and drying phases.
• Figure 7A corresponds to the moisture absorption phase when contacting the samples with a drop of water.
• FIGS. 7B and 7C respectively correspond to the ability of the samples to evacuate the moisture based on the maximum water vapor density and the drying dynamics.
• FIG. 7D corresponds to the retention rate of the amount of water maintained in the samples after the test, that is to say after drying. It should be noted on reading these histograms that the compression sock according to the invention is superior in all respects to the compression sock of the state of the art.
• the side edge of the compression sock according to the invention thus absorbs moisture more quickly, and evacuates and dries more quickly than the reverse of the compression sock of the state of the art.
• the side edge of the compression sock according to the invention retains less moisture in the end than the back of the sock of the state of the art after the test is completed.
• the sock according to the invention significantly improves the thermal comfort of the user.

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