WO2014043981A1 - 卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液中的应用 - Google Patents
卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014043981A1 WO2014043981A1 PCT/CN2012/084205 CN2012084205W WO2014043981A1 WO 2014043981 A1 WO2014043981 A1 WO 2014043981A1 CN 2012084205 W CN2012084205 W CN 2012084205W WO 2014043981 A1 WO2014043981 A1 WO 2014043981A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbonate
- substituted
- halosilane
- functionalized
- electrolyte material
- Prior art date
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- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 carbonate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ODNBVEIAQAZNNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(6-chloroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-3-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=NN2C(C(=O)C)=CN=C21 ODNBVEIAQAZNNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GUNJVIDCYZYFGV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Antimony trifluoride Inorganic materials F[Sb](F)F GUNJVIDCYZYFGV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical group Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005336 allyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N adams's catalyst Chemical compound O=[Pt]=O YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000005371 silicon functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 11
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- KGLVTRMNQADMLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(propoxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical class CCCOCC1COC(=O)O1 KGLVTRMNQADMLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 8
- KAPMHCGNDQJNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical group C=CCOCC1COC(=O)O1 KAPMHCGNDQJNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XPBBUZJBQWWFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosilane Chemical group [SiH3]F XPBBUZJBQWWFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KTQYJQFGNYHXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(methyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)Cl KTQYJQFGNYHXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical class CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- UCMVNBCLTOOHMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(silyl)silane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)[SiH3] UCMVNBCLTOOHMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPPVEXTUHHUEIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluorosilane Chemical group F[SiH](F)F WPPVEXTUHHUEIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXKLDYMLXGLZCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethoxy-2-methylbutane Chemical class CCC(C)(OC)COC TXKLDYMLXGLZCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQKCJNGDDGMGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)O1 BQKCJNGDDGMGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFMGYULNQJPJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound OCC1COC(=O)O1 JFMGYULNQJPJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POIAPSYLYOHDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCOCC.F.F.F Chemical compound CCOCC.F.F.F POIAPSYLYOHDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical class [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZXPDYFSTVHQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH2]OCC ZXPDYFSTVHQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PESLMYOAEOTLFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethylsilane Chemical compound CCOC[SiH3] PESLMYOAEOTLFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NZJOONTZXJXTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro(dimethyl)silane Chemical group C[SiH](C)F NZJOONTZXJXTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020544 functional carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005048 methyldichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/12—Organo silicon halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/12—Organo silicon halides
- C07F7/121—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20
- C07F7/122—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-C linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/12—Organo silicon halides
- C07F7/121—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20
- C07F7/123—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-halogen linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/1876—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-C linkages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0031—Chlorinated solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0034—Fluorinated solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Halogenated silicon germanium functionalized carbonate electrolyte material preparation method thereof and application in lithium ion battery electrolyte
- the invention relates to the field of chemical material synthesis and electrochemical energy storage technology, in particular to a class of silane-containing functionalized carbonate electrolyte materials, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a lithium ion battery electrolyte functional additive (or a cosolvent).
- Lithium-ion battery has the advantages of high open circuit voltage, large specific capacity, long cycle life, good safety performance, small self-discharge, wide application range, no memory effect, no pollution, etc.
- As a new type of green battery it has been widely used in consumer electronics.
- Electrolyte is an important component of lithium-ion battery. It is an ionic conductor that conducts electricity between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. It is a bridge between the positive and negative materials. Its performance and its interface with the positive and negative electrodes. The situation largely affects the performance of the battery. Choosing the right electrolyte is one of the key factors in achieving high energy density and power density, long cycle life and good safety for lithium-ion batteries. At present, commercial electrolytes are mainly composed of a mixture of various organic carbonate solvents, but such electrolytes are flammable and volatile, resulting in frequent occurrence of safety accidents of lithium ion batteries. In addition, organic carbonate electrolytes also have high and low temperatures.
- Silicone electrolyte materials have excellent thermal stability and low temperature ion conductivity, high conductivity, non-toxicity, low flammability and high decomposition voltage, and have higher electrochemical stability than carbon-based analogs (4.5 Above V), lithium batteries using small molecule silicone electrolytes also exhibit excellent charge and discharge cycle performance, high energy density and high power density.
- the electron-withdrawing group substitution can improve the electrochemical window of organosilicon compounds. U. Phys. Chem. C. 2011, 115, 12216).
- the experimentally reported halosilane compounds are very useful in lithium ion batteries.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a wide range of halosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte materials containing a halosilane group and an organic carbonate group, and a preparation method thereof and a functional additive or a cosolvent in lithium ion.
- the application in the battery is to provide a wide range of halosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte materials containing a halosilane group and an organic carbonate group, and a preparation method thereof and a functional additive or a cosolvent in lithium ion.
- the halogenated silane functionalized carbonate electrolyte material of the present invention has a chemical structure as shown in Formula 1:
- the compound of Formula 1 contains a halosilane group and an organic carbonate group, the organosilicon group is a halosilane group, and the organic carbonate group is 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxane Cyclo-2-one or 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.
- the halosilane group may be a monohalogenated or dihalogenated, trihalosilane compound, which may be a chlorosilane group or a fluorosilane group.
- the organic carbonate moiety in the molecular structure contributes to the dissociation and conduction of lithium ions, and the silicone functional group can improve the surface properties of the electrode and improve the interfacial properties of the material.
- the invention also provides a preparation method of the above halosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte material, which comprises the following steps: (1) Hydrogenation reaction of a double bond substituted carbonate with a halosilicone or alkoxysilane Preparing the corresponding halosilane or alkoxysilane substituted carbonate; (2) The step (1) product is reacted with a fluorinating reagent to form the corresponding fluorosilane substituted carbonate.
- the double bond substituted carbonate is 4-[(allyloxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2 a ketone; a halogenated silane is a chlorosilane; an alkoxysilane is a methoxy-substituted silane or an ethoxy-substituted silane; and the above double bond is substituted for a carbonate and a silane.
- the molar ratio is 1: 1.0 to 1.5.
- the hydrosilylation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of: chloroplatinic acid, platinum dioxide, or Karstedt's catalyst, and is added in an amount of 0.1 to 1 mol% (relative to the double bond carbonate);
- the fluorinating reagent includes: trifluoro Boron diethyl ether, antimony trifluoride, potassium fluoride, or lithium fluoride, the molar ratio of the fluorinating reagent to the halosilane or alkoxysilane substituted carbonate is 3 to 1:1.
- the reaction is carried out under an inert gas atmosphere; the temperature of the hydrosilylation reaction is 30 to 80 degrees, the reaction time is 2 to 24 hours; the temperature of the fluorination reaction is 30 to 80 degrees, and the reaction time is 2 to 24 hours.
- the present invention also provides the use of the halosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte material of Formula 1 in a lithium ion battery.
- the halosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte material can be used as a functional additive or cosolvent in an electrolyte of a lithium ion battery.
- the lithium ion battery electrolyte includes the organic compound represented by Formula 1, and further includes a lithium salt, a high dielectric constant solvent or a low boiling organic solvent.
- the silicone functionalized carbonate electrolyte material of the present invention can also be used as an electrolyte material for other electrochemical energy storage devices (e.g., fuel cells, electrolytic capacitors, and supercapacitors) and other photovoltaic devices (e.g., organic solar cells, etc.).
- electrochemical energy storage devices e.g., fuel cells, electrolytic capacitors, and supercapacitors
- photovoltaic devices e.g., organic solar cells, etc.
- Figure 1 is a view showing a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and a carbon spectrum of a compound of Example 1 of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a chart showing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and carbon spectrum of the compound of Example 2 of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a chart showing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and carbon spectrum of the compound of Example 3 of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a chart showing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and carbon spectrum of the compound of Example 4 of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a chart showing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and carbon spectrum of the compound of Example 5 of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a graph showing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and carbon spectrum of the compound of Example 6 of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is an electrochemical window diagram of a compound of Example 4 (MFGC) of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the ionic conductivity of the compound of Example 4 (MFGC) of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a fourth embodiment of the present invention (MFGC) added to a commercial electrolyte (1M LiPF 6
- Method 1 (1) 4-[(Allyloxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and Preparation of alkoxysilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or alkoxysilane substituted 4-alkoxysilane by hydrosilylation Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; (2) alkoxysilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or Preparation of alkoxysilane-substituted 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one with fluorinating reagents (including boron trifluoride, diethyl ether, antimony trifluoride, fluorine-containing
- R' -0CH 3 , -OC 2 H 5 ;
- R -CH a: 0,1 ,2 a: 0,1 ,2
- R' -OCH3, -OC 2 H 5 ;
- R -CH aa: 0,1 ,2 : 0,1 ,2
- alkoxysilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or alkoxysilane-substituted 4-B Preparation of keto-1,3-dioxolan-2-one: Slowly drip alkoxysilane (l.leq.) into a platinum catalyst with 0.1 ⁇ 1 mol% at room temperature -[(allyloxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, after completion of the dropwise addition, reaction After the system is heated to 85 degrees and reacted for 12 hours, alkoxysilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or alkoxysilane can be obtained by distillation.
- diethyl ether to alkoxysilane substituted carbonate is 3 ⁇ 1) : 1 ) Alkoxysilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or alkoxysilane-substituted 4-ethyl-1,3
- the reaction was heated overnight, the solvent was evaporated, and the obtained reaction mixture was evaporated to give the objective product.
- Method 2 (1) 4-[(Allyloxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and Chlorosilane-substituted 4-[(propyloxy)methyl]-1,3- Diethylpentan-2-one or chlorosilane-substituted 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; (2) chlorosilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl -1,3-dioxol-2-one or chlorosilane-substituted 4-ethyl-U-dioxolan-2-one with fluorinating reagents (including diethyl ether trifluoride, antimony trifluoride) The fluorine-containing alkali metal salt is reacted to prepare a corresponding fluorosilicone functionalized carbonate electrolyte material.
- the specific synthetic route is shown in the figure below.
- Example 1 Synthesis of trifluorosilane substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (TFGC) Under argon protection, take 4-[(allyl Ethyl)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (0.1 mol) and triethoxysilane (0.11 mol) are catalyzed by chloroplatinic acid (0.4% mol), and the reaction system is heated. After reacting for 15 hours at 85 degrees, distillation was carried out to obtain a triethoxysilane-substituted allyl glycerin carbonate compound.
- TFGC trifluorosilane substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- Example 2 Synthesis of trifluorosilane-substituted 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (TFVEC) Reaction with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Using the same synthesis method as in Example 1, the target product was obtained by distillation under reduced pressure. The nuclear magnetic characterization is carried out, and the nuclear magnetic spectrum is shown in Figure 2:
- NMR NMR 600 MHz, CDC1 3
- Example 7 Battery fabrication and testing
- the compound of the present invention When the compound of the present invention is applied to a lithium ion battery, it can be produced as follows.
- the high dielectric constant solvent is not particularly limited and is usually a solvent commonly used in the battery field, for example, a cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- the low-boiling organic solvent is not particularly limited, and may be diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl dimethoxyethane, or a fatty acid ester derivative.
- the volume ratio of the high dielectric constant solvent to the low boiling organic solvent may be from 1:1 to 1: 9, and the high dielectric constant solvent and the low boiling organic solvent may also be used alone.
- the lithium salt may be a lithium salt commonly used in lithium batteries.
- the lithium salt may optionally include lithium salts such as LiC10 4 , L1CF3SO3 , LiPF 6 , LiN(CF 3 S0 2 ) 2 , LiBF 4 , Li(BC 4 0 8 ), and LiN(C 2 F 5 S0 2 ) 2 . At least one.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the organic electrolyte may be from 0.5 to 2.0 M.
- a cathode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a solvent are mixed to prepare a cathode active material composition.
- the positive electrode active material composition was directly coated on an aluminum current collector and dried to prepare a positive electrode plate.
- the positive electrode active material composition is cast on a separate substrate, and a film obtained therefrom is laminated on an aluminum current collector to prepare a positive electrode plate.
- the positive active material may be any lithium-containing metal oxide commonly used in the art.
- Carbon black can be used as a conductive agent.
- the binder may be selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene and mixtures thereof, or styrene-butadiene rubber. Polymer.
- the solvent may be selected from N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, water, and the like.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the amount of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, the binder, and the solvent can be an amount generally used in a lithium battery in the prior art.
- a silicon metal, a silicon film, a lithium metal, a lithium alloy, a carbonaceous material or graphite can be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the conductive agent, binder and solvent in the negative electrode active material composition may be the same as those in the positive electrode active material composition. If necessary, a plasticizer may be added to the positive electrode active material composition and the negative electrode active material composition to produce pores in the electrode plate.
- the separator can be constructed of any material commonly used in lithium batteries.
- a material having a low impedance to the movement of ions of the electrolyte and a good ability to absorb the electrolyte can be used.
- the material can be a nonwoven or woven fabric selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, polyesters, Teflon (Tefl 0 n), polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and combinations thereof.
- a lithium ion battery may be selected to include a windable separator such as polyethylene or polypropylene, and a lithium ion battery may use a separator having an excellent ability to impregnate an organic electrolyte.
- the electrolyte and LiPF 6 used were from Dongguan Shanshan Co., Ltd., the lithium tablets were from China Lithium Energy, and the separator was manufactured by Asashi Chemical Industry.
- the preparation of the electrolyte and the assembly of the battery were carried out under an atmosphere of argon (purity greater than 99.9999%).
- LiCo0 2 and Li were made into positive and negative electrodes respectively, assembled into a coin battery (2025), and then charged/discharged in a Shenzhen Xinwei battery charge and discharge test system.
- the charge and discharge voltage was 3.0 V-4.3 V.
- Figure 7 is an electrochemical window diagram of a compound of Example 4 (MFGC) of the present invention having an oxidation potential greater than 5V.
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the ionic conductivity of the compound of Example 4 (MFGC) of the present invention, dissolved in 1 M of LiTFSI.
- Table 1 is a table showing the viscosity and dielectric constant of the compounds of the examples of the present invention, from which it can be seen that the compounds exhibit a high dielectric constant.
- Figure 9 is a graph showing the cycle performance of the compound of Example 4 of the present invention added to a battery. The battery to which the silicone functional carbonate was added exhibited a higher capacity retention ratio than the battery of the ordinary electrolyte. Table 1:
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Abstract
本发明提供了一类卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,其制备方法及在锂电池中的应用。其化学结构如式1所示,式1化合物含卤硅烷基团和有机碳酸酯基团,分子结构中含有机碳酸酯部分有助于锂离子的离解和传导,有机硅功能团能改进电极的表面性能和提高材料的界面性能。本发明所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料可用作功能添加剂或共溶剂应用于锂离子电池,电解液包括锂盐,高介电常数溶剂或低沸点的有机溶剂,和化学结构如式1所示的化合物。该类材料也可以应用于其它电化学储能器件。
Description
卤硅垸功能化碳酸酯电解质材料, 其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及化学材料合成和电化学储能技术领域,尤其是涉及一类含 ^硅烷 功能化碳酸酯电解质材料, 其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液功能添加剂(或共 溶剂) 中的应用。 技术背景
锂离子电池具有开路电压高、 比容量大、 循环寿命长、 安全性能好、 自放电 小、 应用范围宽、 无记忆效应、 无污染等优点, 作为新型绿色电池, 目前已广泛 地应用于消费电子产品中, 并正积极地向国防工业、 空间技术、 电动汽车和静置 式备用电源等领域发展。
电解液是锂离子电池的重要组成部分, 是在电池正、负极之间起传导作用的 离子导体, 是连接正、 负极材料之间的桥梁, 它本身的性能及其与正负极形成的 界面状况很大程度上影响电池的性能。选择合适的电解液是获得高能量密度和功 率密度、长循环寿命和安全性良好的锂离子电池的关键因素之一。 目前商业电解 液主要是由多种有机碳酸酯溶剂混合组成, 但是这类电解液易燃、 易挥发, 导致 了锂离子电池的安全事故频频发生; 此外, 有机碳酸酯类电解液还存在高低温性 能、安全性、大容量和高倍率放电不足等缺点。 当在锂离子电池有机电解液中添 加少量的功能添加剂时, 电池的电化学性能如电导率、循环效率和可逆容量等能 够得到明显的改善。 它们具有"用量小、 见效快 "的特点, 操作简单, 可直接加入 到有机电解液中。 在基本不增加电池成本的基础上, 就能显著改善电池的性能。 因此,设计开发高安全性和高性能的新型电解液添加剂是锂离子电池材料的研究 热点。
有机硅电解质材料具有优良的热稳定性和低温离子传导性能、高电导率、无 毒性、低可燃性和高分解电压等优点, 与碳基类似物相比具有更高的电化学稳定 性 (4.5 V以上) , 应用小分子有机硅电解液的锂电池也表现出优良的充放电循 环性能, 高能量密度和较高的功率密度。取代基对有机硅电解质材料的影响也有 相关的计算报道,吸电子基团取代可以提高有机硅化合物的电化学窗口 U. Phys. Chem. C. 2011, 115, 12216)。而实验报道的卤硅烷化合物用于锂离子电池中却很
少,在先专利有报道通过有机硅化合物与含氟碱金属盐的反应生成的氟硅烷对电 池阻抗性能的影响(CN102113164) , 也有提及有机氟硅烷存在应用于锂电池添 加剂的潜在可能性 (US2009/0197167A1 ) 。 虽然卤硅烷化合物用于锂电池的电 解质材料或添加剂的研究不多,但开发新型卤硅烷化合物应用于锂离子电池有着 重要的研究和实际意义。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类应用范围广的含卤硅烷基团和有机碳酸酯基团的 卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,并提供了其制备方法以及用作功能添加剂或共 溶剂在锂离子电池中的应用。
式 1 其中 R1 选自如下结构单元: 亚甲基 [-(CH2)m-, m = 1〜3]或含醚链 [-(CH2)mO(CH2)n-, m, n = 1〜3]的基团; R2, R3, R4选自烷基 [-(CH2)mCH3, m = 0〜3], 芳基 (或取代芳基), 或 X (卤素)取代; 且 R2,R3,R4至少有一个 X取代基团, 所 述卤素优选为 -Cl,-F。 式 1化合物含卤硅烷基团和有机碳酸酯基团, 有机硅基团 为卤硅烷基团,有机碳酸酯基团为 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2 -酮。 其中所述卤硅烷基团可为单卤代或二卤代、 三卤代硅烷化 合物, 可为氯硅烷基团或氟硅烷基团。分子结构中含有机碳酸酯部分有助于锂离 子的离解和传导, 有机硅功能团能改进电极的表面性能和提高材料的界面性能。
本发明还提供了上述卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备方法,该方法包 括如下步骤: (1 )双键取代的碳酸酯与卤代硅氢烷或烷氧基硅氢烷通过硅氢化反 应, 制备相应的卤硅烷或烷氧基硅烷取代的碳酸酯; (2) 步骤(1 )产物与氟化 试剂反应生成相应的氟硅烷取代的碳酸酯。
所述双键取代的碳酸酯为 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯 基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮; 卤代硅氢烷为氯代硅氢烷; 烷氧基硅氢烷为甲氧基取代 硅氢烷或乙氧基取代硅氢烷; 并且上述双键取代碳酸酯与硅氢烷的摩尔比为 1 :
1.0〜1.5。
所述硅氢化反应催化剂选自: 氯铂酸, 二氧化铂, 或 Karstedt's催化剂, 并 且其加入的量为 0.1〜l mol % (相对于双键碳酸酯) ; 所述氟化试剂包括: 三氟 化硼 ·乙醚、 三氟化锑、 氟化钾、 或氟化锂, 所述氟化试剂与卤硅烷或烷氧基硅 烷取代的碳酸酯的摩尔比为 3〜1: 1。
反应在惰性气体保护环境下进行的;硅氢化反应的温度为 30〜80度, 反应时 间是 2〜24小时; 氟化反应的温度为 30〜80度, 反应时间是 2〜24小时。
本发明还提供了式 1 所示的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料在锂离子电池 中的应用。所述卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料可作为功能添加剂或共溶剂应用 于锂离子电池的电解液中。 所述锂离子电池电解液包括式 1所示的有机化合物, 还包括锂盐, 高介电常数溶剂或低沸点的有机溶剂。
本发明有机硅功能化碳酸酯电解质材料也可以作为电解质材料应用于其它 电化学储能器件(如燃料电池、 电解电容和超级电容)及其它光电器件(如有机 太阳能电池等) 。 附图说明:
图 1为本发明实施例 1化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 2为本发明实施例 2化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 3为本发明实施例 3化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 4为本发明实施例 4化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 5为本发明实施例 5化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 6为本发明实施例 6化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 7为本发明实施例 4化合物 (MFGC) 的电化学窗口图。
图 8为本发明实施例 4化合物 (MFGC) 的离子电导率图。
图 9 为本发明实施例 4 化合物 (MFGC ) 添加于商业电解液 ( 1M LiPF6
EC/DMC/DEC=1 : 1 :1 ) 的电池性能测试图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明内容作进一步说明。
本发明卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备路线具体有以下两种:
方法一: ( 1 ) 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊 环 -2 -酮与烷氧基硅氢烷通过硅氢化反应制备烷氧基硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲 基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或烷氧基硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2 -酮; (2) 烷 氧基硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或烷氧基硅烷取代的 4-乙 基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2 -酮与氟化试剂(包括三氟化硼.乙醚、 三氟化锑、 含氟的碱金 属盐)反应制备相应的氟硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料。具体合成路线如下图所
SiHRaR' (3-a)
R' = -0CH3, -OC2H5; R = -CH a: 0,1 ,2 a: 0,1 ,2
R' = -OCH3, -OC2H5; R = -CH a a: 0,1 ,2 : 0,1 ,2
上述反应的具体步骤如下: (1 ) 烷氧基硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 - 二氧戊环 -2-酮或烷氧基硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的制备: 在室温条 件下, 将烷氧基硅氢烷 (l .leq. ) 缓慢滴入加有 0.1〜1 mol %的铂催化剂的 4-[(烯 丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2 -酮中, 待滴加完 毕, 反应体系升温至 85度后反应 12小时, 通过蒸馏可得到烷氧基硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或烷氧基硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮。 (2) 卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备: 在氩气保护下, 将三氟化 硼乙醚溶液 (三氟化硼 .乙醚与烷氧基硅烷取代的碳酸酯的摩尔比为 3〜1: 1 ) 滴 入烷氧基硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或烷氧基硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的甲苯溶液中, 加热反应过夜, 旋蒸溶剂, 然后将所 得反应混合物通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。
方法二: ( 1 ) 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊 环 -2 -酮与氯代硅氢烷通过硅氢化反应制备氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -
二氧戊环 -2-酮或氯硅垸取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮; (2) 氯硅垸取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或氯硅垸取代的 4-乙基 -U -二氧戊环 -2-酮 与氟化试剂 (包括三氟化 乙醚、 三氟化锑、 含氟的碱金属盐) 反应制备相应 的氟硅垸功能化碳酸酯电解质材料。 具体合成路线如下图所示。
〇 SiHRaCI(3_a)
a: 0,1,2
上述反应的方法二具体步骤如下:(1)氯代硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或氯硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的制备: 在室温条件 下, 将氯代硅氢烷(l.leq.)缓慢滴入加有 0.1〜lmol% 的铂催化剂的 4- [(烯丙氧 基)甲基] -1, 3-二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯基 -1,3-二氧戊环 -2-酮中, 待滴加完毕, 反 应体系升温至 85度后反应 12小时, 可得到相应硅氢化产物。 (2) 氟硅烷功能 化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备: 在氩气保护下, 将氟化钾(氟化钾与氯硅烷取代的 碳酸酯的摩尔比为 3〜1: 1)加入氯代硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或氯硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的乙腈溶液中, 室温搅拌反应过 夜, 旋蒸溶剂, 然后将所得反应混合物通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。
实施例 1-6化合物的结构式如下所示:
实施例 1 :三氟硅烷取代 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成(TFGC ) 在氩气保护下, 取 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮(0.1 mol)和三乙 氧基硅烷(0.11 mol)在氯铂酸(0.4 % mol)催化的条件下, 反应体系升温至 85 度后反应 12小时,然后蒸馏可得三乙氧基硅烷取代的烯丙基甘油碳酸酯化合物。 将三氟化硼 ·乙醚(O. lmol) 滴加至三乙氧基硅烷取代的烯丙基甘油碳酸酯 (0.05 mol) 的甲苯溶液中, 加热至 80度后反应 2小时, 将溶剂旋蒸, 后减压蒸馏得三 氟硅烷取代烯丙基甘油碳酸酯, 对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图如附图 1所示:
1H NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 1.05 (m, 2Η, SiCH2CH2), 1.84 (m, 2H, SiCH2CH2), 3.54 (m, 2Η, SiCH2CH2CH2), 3.68 (m, 2Η, OCH2CH), 4.36 (m, 1H, CH2), 4.50 (m, 1Η, CH2), 4.84 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): 3.77, 3.88, 4.00, 4.14, 21.71 , 66.36, 69.99, 72.20, 74.79, 154.86.
实施例 2: 三氟硅烷取代 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成 (TFVEC ) 用 4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮为反应物, 采用实施例 1相同的合成方法, 通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。 对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图如附图 2所示:
1H NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 1.10 (m, 1H, SiCH2CH2), 1.25 (m 1H, SiCH2CH2), 1.97 (m, 2H, SiCH2CH2), 4.09 (t, 3J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, CH2), 4.57 (m, 1H, 3J = 8.4 Hz, CH2), 4.71 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): 2.20, 25.76, 68.62, 76.79, 154.32.
实施例 3 : —甲基二氟硅烷取代 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成
( DFGC )
用二乙氧基硅烷为反应物,采用实施例 1相同的合成方法, 通过减压蒸馏得 目标产物。
也可以用本专利所描述的方法二: 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮
( 0.2 mol) 与一甲基二氯硅氢烷 (0.2 mol) 在氯铂酸 (0.4% mol) 催化的条件 下反应制备一甲基二氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮;一甲基 二氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮与氟化钾在乙腈溶液中反 应制备相应的一甲基二氟硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮。
对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图如附图 3所示:
Ή NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 0.34 (t, 3H, = 6.0 Hz, S1CH3), 0.82(m, 2Η, S1CH2CH2), 1.73 (m, 2H, SiCH2CH2), 3.50 (t, 2H, 3 J = 6.0 Hz, SiCH2CH2CH2), 3.60 (dq, 2Η, 3J = 10.8 Hz, OCH2CH), 4.37 (dd, 1H, 3J = 10.8 Hz, CH2), 4.49 (dd, 1Η, 3J = 10.8 Hz, CH2), 4.80 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): -4.34(t, 3J = 16.05), 9.82(t, 3J = 15.45), 21.74, 66.21, 69.78, 73.20, 75.01, 154.95.
实施例 4: 二甲基一氟硅烷取代 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成 (MFGC)
4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮(0.2 mol)与二甲基一氯硅氢烷 (0.2 mol)在氯铂酸(0.4% mol)催化的条件下反应制备二甲基一氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙 氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮; 二甲基一氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 - 二氧戊环 -2-酮与氟化钾在乙腈溶液中反应制备相应的二甲基一氟硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮。
也可以用本专利所描述的方法一: 用一乙氧基甲基硅烷为反应物, 采用实施 例 1相同的合成方法, 通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图 如附图 4所示:
1H NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 0.10 (s, 3H, S1CH3), 0.59(t, 2Η, SiCH2CH2), 1.19 (t, 6H, Si(OCH2H3)2), 1.63 (m, 2Η, SiCH2C¾), 3.46 (m, 2Η, SiCH2CH2CH2), 3.62 (dq, 2Η, 3J = 10.8 Hz, OCH2CH), 3.74 (q, 4H, 3J = 7.2 Hz, Si(OCH2H3)2), 4.38 (dd, 1H, 3J = 6.0 Hz, CH2), 4.47 (dd, IU, 3J = 6.0 Hz, CH2), 4.78 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): -5.0, 9.7, 18.3, 22.9, 58.1, 66.2, 69.5, 74.3, 75.0, 154.9.
实施例 5 : 二甲基一氯硅烷取代 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成 (MCGC )
4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮(0.2 mol)与二甲基一氯硅氢烷 (0.2 mol)在氯铂酸(0.4% mol)催化的条件下反应制备一甲基二氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙 氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮。 通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。 对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图如附图 5所示:
1H NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 0.42 (s, 6H, Si(CH3)2), 0.83(m, 2Η, SiCH2C¾), 1.70 (m, 2Η, S1CH2CH2), 3.52 (m, 2Η, SiCH2CH2CH2), 3.65 (dq, 2Η, 3J = 10.8 Hz,
OCH2CH), 4.40 (t, 1H, 3J = 8.4 Hz, CH2), 4.50 (t, 1Η, 3J = 8.4 Hz, CH2), 4.80 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): 1.57, 14.97, 23.11, 66.24, 69.68, 73.90, 75.00, 154.86.
实施例 6: —甲基二氯硅烷取代 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成(DCVEC)
4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮 (0.2 mol) 与一甲基二氯硅氢烷 (0.2 mol)在 氯铂酸 (0.4% mol) 催化的条件下反应制备一甲基二氯硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 - 二氧戊环 -2-酮。 通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。 对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图如附 图 6所示:
1H NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 0.83 (s, 3H, SiCH3), 1.23 (m, 2Η, SiCH2CH2), 1.95 (m, 2H, S1CH2CH2), 4.10 (t, 3 J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, CH2), 4.56 (m, IU, 3J = 8.4 Hz, CH2), 4.73 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): 5.08, 16.04, 27.10, 68.74, 76.79, 154.60.
实施例 7: 电池制作及测试
本发明化合物应用于锂离子电池时, 可按如下步骤制造。
高介电常数溶剂不特别限制, 通常为电池领域常用的溶剂, 例如, 环状碳酸 酯如碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯, 或 γ-丁内酯等。低沸点的有机溶剂也不特别限制, 可为碳酸二乙酯、 碳酸二甲酯、 碳酸甲乙酯二甲氧乙烷, 或脂肪酸酯衍生物等。 高介电常数溶剂和低沸点的有机溶剂的体积比可为 1 : 1至 1 : 9, 高介电常数溶 剂和低沸点的有机溶剂也可以单独使用。 锂盐可为在锂电池中通常使用的的锂 盐。例如,锂盐可选包括 LiC104、 L1CF3SO3、 LiPF6、 LiN(CF3S02)2、 LiBF4、 Li(BC408) 和 LiN(C2F5S02)2等锂盐中的至少一种。有机电解液中锂盐的浓度可为 0.5-2.0 M。
将正极活性材料、 导电剂、 粘合剂和溶剂混合以制备正极活性材料组合物。 将正极活性材料组合物直接涂覆在铝集电体上并干燥以制备正极板。或者, 将正 极活性材料组合物在独立的基板上流延,并将从其获得的膜层压在铝集电体上以 制备正极板。
正极活性材料可为本领域中通常使用的任何含锂的金属氧化物。含锂的金属 氧化物的实例包括 LiCo02、 LiMnx02x (其中 x=l、 2)、 LiNii_xMnx02 (其中 0<x < 1 ) 禾卩 LiNi1-x-yCoxMny02 (其中 0≤x≤0.5, 0<y<0.5 ) 禾卩 LiFeP04。
炭黑可用作导电剂。 粘合剂可选自偏二氟乙烯 /六氟丙烯共聚物、 聚偏二氟 乙烯(PVDF)、 聚丙烯腈、 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 聚四氟乙烯及其混合物、 或基于 丁苯橡胶的聚合物。 溶剂可选自 N-甲基吡咯烷酮 (NMP)、 丙酮、 水等。 正极活 性材料、导电剂、粘合剂和溶剂的量可采用现有技术在锂电池中通常使用的用量。
硅金属、 硅薄膜、 锂金属、 锂合金、 碳质材料或石墨可用作负极活性材料。 负极活性材料组合物中的导电剂、粘结剂和溶剂可与正极活性材料组合物中的那 些相同。如果需要, 可将增塑剂加入正极活性材料组合物和负极活性材料组合物 中以在电极板中产生孔。
隔膜可由在锂电池中通常使用的任何材料构成。可使用对电解质的离子的移 动具有低阻抗和具有良好的吸收电解液的能力的材料。例如, 该材料可为选自玻 璃纤维、 聚酯、 特氟隆 (Tefl0n)、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE ) 及其 组合的无纺物或纺织物。 更具体地, 锂离子电池可选用包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯等可 卷绕的隔膜, 和锂离子电池可使用具有优异的浸渍有机电解液的能力的隔膜。
在所进行的实验中, 所使用的电解液和 LiPF6来自东莞杉杉有限公司, 锂片 来自中国锂能, 隔膜为 Asashi Chemical Industry公司产品。 电解液的配制和电池 的组装均在氩气 (纯度大于 99.9999%) 气氛下进行。
将 LiPF6溶解于碳酸亚乙酯,碳酸二甲酯,和碳酸二乙酯(EC : DMC : DEC=1 :
1: 1 ) 中配成浓度为 1M的电解液, 向此电解液中加入 2 vol. %的 MFGC。 利用
LiCo02和 Li分别做正、 负极, 组装成硬币式电池 (2025 ), 然后在深圳新威电 池充放电测试系统中进行充 /放电测试, 充放电电压 3.0 V- 4.3 V。
附图 7为本发明实施例 4化合物(MFGC ) 的电化学窗口图, 其氧化电位大 于 5V。 附图 8为本发明实施例 4化合物(MFGC )的离子电导率图, 溶有 1M的 LiTFSI。 表 1为本发明实施例化合物的粘度和介电常数表, 从中可以看出, 该类 化合物表现出较高的介电常数。附图 9为本发明实施例 4化合物添加于电池中的 循环性能曲线,相比于普通电解液的电池, 添加有有机硅功能化碳酸酯的电池表 现出更高的容量保持率。
表 1:
为做对比, 使用商业电解液 (lM LiPF6 EC: DMC: DEC=1: 1: 1), 按与 实施例 7相同的方法组装硬币式电池 (2025), 然后按实施例 7相同的方法进行 充 /放电比较测试。
Claims
式 1 R1选自如下基团: [-(CH2)m -, m = l~3]或 [-(CH2)mO(CH2)n-, m, n = l~3] ; R2, R3, R4 选自如下基团: [-(CH2)mCH3, m = 0~3], 芳基或取代芳基, 或卤素取代基, 且 R2, R3, R4至少有一个卤素取代基团。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备方法, 其特 征在于包括如下步骤: (1 )双键取代的碳酸酯化合物与卤代硅氢烷或烷氧基硅氢 烷通过硅氢化反应, 制备相应的卤硅烷或烷氧基硅烷取代的碳酸酯; (2) 步骤 ( 1 ) 产物与氟化试剂反应生成相应的氟硅烷取代的碳酸酯。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备方法, 其 特征在于: 所述双键取代的碳酸酯为 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮; 卤代硅氢烷为氯代硅氢烷; 烷氧基硅氢烷为甲氧 基取代硅氢烷或乙氧基取代硅氢烷;并且上述双键取代碳酸酯与硅氢烷的摩尔比 为 1: 1.0~1.5。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备方法, 其 特征在于: 所述硅氢化反应催化剂选自: 氯铂酸, 二氧化铂, 或 Karstedt's催化 剂, 并且其加入的量为双键取代的碳酸酯化合物的 0.1~l mol %; 所述氟化试剂 包括: 三氟化硼.乙醚、 三氟化锑、 氟化钾、 或氟化锂, 所述氟化试剂与卤硅烷 或烷氧基硅烷取代的碳酸酯的摩尔比为 3~1: 1。
5、 根据权利要求 2或 4之任一所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制 备方法, 其特征在于: 反应在惰性气体保护环境下进行的; 硅氢化反应的温度为 30-80度,反应时间是 2~24小时;氟化反应的温度为 30~80度,反应时间是 2~24 小时。
6、 权利要求 1所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料在锂离子电池中的应 用。
7、 如权利要求 7所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料在锂离子电池中的 应用,其特征在于式 1所述含卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料作为电解质添加剂 或共溶剂应用于锂离子电池的电解液中。
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JP2020200341A (ja) * | 2014-10-03 | 2020-12-17 | シラトロニクス,インコーポレイテッド | 官能化シラン及び電解質組成物及びこれらを含む電気化学デバイス |
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CN104752766B (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 电解液添加剂、含该添加剂的电解液及使用电解液的锂离子电池 |
CN105514487A (zh) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-20 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种有机硅电解液和硅基电极材料配合使用的方法 |
CN106252727A (zh) * | 2016-11-03 | 2016-12-21 | 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池电解液、锂离子电池 |
CN109768319B (zh) * | 2017-11-09 | 2021-05-14 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | 锂离子电池非水电解液及使用该电解液的锂离子电池 |
CN109786834B (zh) * | 2019-01-25 | 2021-01-12 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 电解液及电化学装置 |
WO2021235505A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-25 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 非水系電解液及び非水系電解液電池 |
CN112582674B (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-02-11 | 骆驼集团新能源电池有限公司 | 一种12v启停锂离子电池电解液 |
CN112652818A (zh) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-04-13 | 东莞维科电池有限公司 | 锂离子电池用电解液及锂离子电池 |
CN113140794B (zh) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-07-12 | 山东海容电源材料有限公司 | 一种电解液成膜添加剂及含该添加剂的锂离子电池电解液 |
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