WO2014043981A1 - 卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液中的应用 - Google Patents

卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液中的应用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014043981A1
WO2014043981A1 PCT/CN2012/084205 CN2012084205W WO2014043981A1 WO 2014043981 A1 WO2014043981 A1 WO 2014043981A1 CN 2012084205 W CN2012084205 W CN 2012084205W WO 2014043981 A1 WO2014043981 A1 WO 2014043981A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carbonate
substituted
halosilane
functionalized
electrolyte material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/084205
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张灵志
汪靖伦
骆浩
Original Assignee
中国科学院广州能源研究所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国科学院广州能源研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院广州能源研究所
Priority to US14/430,480 priority Critical patent/US20150270574A1/en
Publication of WO2014043981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014043981A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/12Organo silicon halides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/12Organo silicon halides
    • C07F7/121Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20
    • C07F7/122Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-C linkages
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/12Organo silicon halides
    • C07F7/121Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20
    • C07F7/123Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-halogen linkages
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/18Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
    • C07F7/1804Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
    • C07F7/1872Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
    • C07F7/1876Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-C linkages
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0031Chlorinated solvents
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0034Fluorinated solvents
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0037Mixture of solvents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Halogenated silicon germanium functionalized carbonate electrolyte material preparation method thereof and application in lithium ion battery electrolyte
  • the invention relates to the field of chemical material synthesis and electrochemical energy storage technology, in particular to a class of silane-containing functionalized carbonate electrolyte materials, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a lithium ion battery electrolyte functional additive (or a cosolvent).
  • Lithium-ion battery has the advantages of high open circuit voltage, large specific capacity, long cycle life, good safety performance, small self-discharge, wide application range, no memory effect, no pollution, etc.
  • As a new type of green battery it has been widely used in consumer electronics.
  • Electrolyte is an important component of lithium-ion battery. It is an ionic conductor that conducts electricity between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. It is a bridge between the positive and negative materials. Its performance and its interface with the positive and negative electrodes. The situation largely affects the performance of the battery. Choosing the right electrolyte is one of the key factors in achieving high energy density and power density, long cycle life and good safety for lithium-ion batteries. At present, commercial electrolytes are mainly composed of a mixture of various organic carbonate solvents, but such electrolytes are flammable and volatile, resulting in frequent occurrence of safety accidents of lithium ion batteries. In addition, organic carbonate electrolytes also have high and low temperatures.
  • Silicone electrolyte materials have excellent thermal stability and low temperature ion conductivity, high conductivity, non-toxicity, low flammability and high decomposition voltage, and have higher electrochemical stability than carbon-based analogs (4.5 Above V), lithium batteries using small molecule silicone electrolytes also exhibit excellent charge and discharge cycle performance, high energy density and high power density.
  • the electron-withdrawing group substitution can improve the electrochemical window of organosilicon compounds. U. Phys. Chem. C. 2011, 115, 12216).
  • the experimentally reported halosilane compounds are very useful in lithium ion batteries.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wide range of halosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte materials containing a halosilane group and an organic carbonate group, and a preparation method thereof and a functional additive or a cosolvent in lithium ion.
  • the application in the battery is to provide a wide range of halosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte materials containing a halosilane group and an organic carbonate group, and a preparation method thereof and a functional additive or a cosolvent in lithium ion.
  • the halogenated silane functionalized carbonate electrolyte material of the present invention has a chemical structure as shown in Formula 1:
  • the compound of Formula 1 contains a halosilane group and an organic carbonate group, the organosilicon group is a halosilane group, and the organic carbonate group is 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxane Cyclo-2-one or 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.
  • the halosilane group may be a monohalogenated or dihalogenated, trihalosilane compound, which may be a chlorosilane group or a fluorosilane group.
  • the organic carbonate moiety in the molecular structure contributes to the dissociation and conduction of lithium ions, and the silicone functional group can improve the surface properties of the electrode and improve the interfacial properties of the material.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the above halosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte material, which comprises the following steps: (1) Hydrogenation reaction of a double bond substituted carbonate with a halosilicone or alkoxysilane Preparing the corresponding halosilane or alkoxysilane substituted carbonate; (2) The step (1) product is reacted with a fluorinating reagent to form the corresponding fluorosilane substituted carbonate.
  • the double bond substituted carbonate is 4-[(allyloxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2 a ketone; a halogenated silane is a chlorosilane; an alkoxysilane is a methoxy-substituted silane or an ethoxy-substituted silane; and the above double bond is substituted for a carbonate and a silane.
  • the molar ratio is 1: 1.0 to 1.5.
  • the hydrosilylation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of: chloroplatinic acid, platinum dioxide, or Karstedt's catalyst, and is added in an amount of 0.1 to 1 mol% (relative to the double bond carbonate);
  • the fluorinating reagent includes: trifluoro Boron diethyl ether, antimony trifluoride, potassium fluoride, or lithium fluoride, the molar ratio of the fluorinating reagent to the halosilane or alkoxysilane substituted carbonate is 3 to 1:1.
  • the reaction is carried out under an inert gas atmosphere; the temperature of the hydrosilylation reaction is 30 to 80 degrees, the reaction time is 2 to 24 hours; the temperature of the fluorination reaction is 30 to 80 degrees, and the reaction time is 2 to 24 hours.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the halosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte material of Formula 1 in a lithium ion battery.
  • the halosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte material can be used as a functional additive or cosolvent in an electrolyte of a lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery electrolyte includes the organic compound represented by Formula 1, and further includes a lithium salt, a high dielectric constant solvent or a low boiling organic solvent.
  • the silicone functionalized carbonate electrolyte material of the present invention can also be used as an electrolyte material for other electrochemical energy storage devices (e.g., fuel cells, electrolytic capacitors, and supercapacitors) and other photovoltaic devices (e.g., organic solar cells, etc.).
  • electrochemical energy storage devices e.g., fuel cells, electrolytic capacitors, and supercapacitors
  • photovoltaic devices e.g., organic solar cells, etc.
  • Figure 1 is a view showing a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and a carbon spectrum of a compound of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a chart showing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and carbon spectrum of the compound of Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a chart showing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and carbon spectrum of the compound of Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a chart showing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and carbon spectrum of the compound of Example 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a chart showing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and carbon spectrum of the compound of Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and carbon spectrum of the compound of Example 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is an electrochemical window diagram of a compound of Example 4 (MFGC) of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the ionic conductivity of the compound of Example 4 (MFGC) of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a fourth embodiment of the present invention (MFGC) added to a commercial electrolyte (1M LiPF 6
  • Method 1 (1) 4-[(Allyloxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and Preparation of alkoxysilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or alkoxysilane substituted 4-alkoxysilane by hydrosilylation Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; (2) alkoxysilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or Preparation of alkoxysilane-substituted 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one with fluorinating reagents (including boron trifluoride, diethyl ether, antimony trifluoride, fluorine-containing
  • R' -0CH 3 , -OC 2 H 5 ;
  • R -CH a: 0,1 ,2 a: 0,1 ,2
  • R' -OCH3, -OC 2 H 5 ;
  • R -CH aa: 0,1 ,2 : 0,1 ,2
  • alkoxysilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or alkoxysilane-substituted 4-B Preparation of keto-1,3-dioxolan-2-one: Slowly drip alkoxysilane (l.leq.) into a platinum catalyst with 0.1 ⁇ 1 mol% at room temperature -[(allyloxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, after completion of the dropwise addition, reaction After the system is heated to 85 degrees and reacted for 12 hours, alkoxysilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or alkoxysilane can be obtained by distillation.
  • diethyl ether to alkoxysilane substituted carbonate is 3 ⁇ 1) : 1 ) Alkoxysilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or alkoxysilane-substituted 4-ethyl-1,3
  • the reaction was heated overnight, the solvent was evaporated, and the obtained reaction mixture was evaporated to give the objective product.
  • Method 2 (1) 4-[(Allyloxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and Chlorosilane-substituted 4-[(propyloxy)methyl]-1,3- Diethylpentan-2-one or chlorosilane-substituted 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; (2) chlorosilane-substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl -1,3-dioxol-2-one or chlorosilane-substituted 4-ethyl-U-dioxolan-2-one with fluorinating reagents (including diethyl ether trifluoride, antimony trifluoride) The fluorine-containing alkali metal salt is reacted to prepare a corresponding fluorosilicone functionalized carbonate electrolyte material.
  • the specific synthetic route is shown in the figure below.
  • Example 1 Synthesis of trifluorosilane substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (TFGC) Under argon protection, take 4-[(allyl Ethyl)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (0.1 mol) and triethoxysilane (0.11 mol) are catalyzed by chloroplatinic acid (0.4% mol), and the reaction system is heated. After reacting for 15 hours at 85 degrees, distillation was carried out to obtain a triethoxysilane-substituted allyl glycerin carbonate compound.
  • TFGC trifluorosilane substituted 4-[(propoxy)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
  • Example 2 Synthesis of trifluorosilane-substituted 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (TFVEC) Reaction with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Using the same synthesis method as in Example 1, the target product was obtained by distillation under reduced pressure. The nuclear magnetic characterization is carried out, and the nuclear magnetic spectrum is shown in Figure 2:
  • NMR NMR 600 MHz, CDC1 3
  • Example 7 Battery fabrication and testing
  • the compound of the present invention When the compound of the present invention is applied to a lithium ion battery, it can be produced as follows.
  • the high dielectric constant solvent is not particularly limited and is usually a solvent commonly used in the battery field, for example, a cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or ⁇ -butyrolactone.
  • the low-boiling organic solvent is not particularly limited, and may be diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl dimethoxyethane, or a fatty acid ester derivative.
  • the volume ratio of the high dielectric constant solvent to the low boiling organic solvent may be from 1:1 to 1: 9, and the high dielectric constant solvent and the low boiling organic solvent may also be used alone.
  • the lithium salt may be a lithium salt commonly used in lithium batteries.
  • the lithium salt may optionally include lithium salts such as LiC10 4 , L1CF3SO3 , LiPF 6 , LiN(CF 3 S0 2 ) 2 , LiBF 4 , Li(BC 4 0 8 ), and LiN(C 2 F 5 S0 2 ) 2 . At least one.
  • the concentration of the lithium salt in the organic electrolyte may be from 0.5 to 2.0 M.
  • a cathode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a solvent are mixed to prepare a cathode active material composition.
  • the positive electrode active material composition was directly coated on an aluminum current collector and dried to prepare a positive electrode plate.
  • the positive electrode active material composition is cast on a separate substrate, and a film obtained therefrom is laminated on an aluminum current collector to prepare a positive electrode plate.
  • the positive active material may be any lithium-containing metal oxide commonly used in the art.
  • Carbon black can be used as a conductive agent.
  • the binder may be selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene and mixtures thereof, or styrene-butadiene rubber. Polymer.
  • the solvent may be selected from N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, water, and the like.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the amount of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, the binder, and the solvent can be an amount generally used in a lithium battery in the prior art.
  • a silicon metal, a silicon film, a lithium metal, a lithium alloy, a carbonaceous material or graphite can be used as the negative electrode active material.
  • the conductive agent, binder and solvent in the negative electrode active material composition may be the same as those in the positive electrode active material composition. If necessary, a plasticizer may be added to the positive electrode active material composition and the negative electrode active material composition to produce pores in the electrode plate.
  • the separator can be constructed of any material commonly used in lithium batteries.
  • a material having a low impedance to the movement of ions of the electrolyte and a good ability to absorb the electrolyte can be used.
  • the material can be a nonwoven or woven fabric selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, polyesters, Teflon (Tefl 0 n), polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and combinations thereof.
  • a lithium ion battery may be selected to include a windable separator such as polyethylene or polypropylene, and a lithium ion battery may use a separator having an excellent ability to impregnate an organic electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte and LiPF 6 used were from Dongguan Shanshan Co., Ltd., the lithium tablets were from China Lithium Energy, and the separator was manufactured by Asashi Chemical Industry.
  • the preparation of the electrolyte and the assembly of the battery were carried out under an atmosphere of argon (purity greater than 99.9999%).
  • LiCo0 2 and Li were made into positive and negative electrodes respectively, assembled into a coin battery (2025), and then charged/discharged in a Shenzhen Xinwei battery charge and discharge test system.
  • the charge and discharge voltage was 3.0 V-4.3 V.
  • Figure 7 is an electrochemical window diagram of a compound of Example 4 (MFGC) of the present invention having an oxidation potential greater than 5V.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the ionic conductivity of the compound of Example 4 (MFGC) of the present invention, dissolved in 1 M of LiTFSI.
  • Table 1 is a table showing the viscosity and dielectric constant of the compounds of the examples of the present invention, from which it can be seen that the compounds exhibit a high dielectric constant.
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the cycle performance of the compound of Example 4 of the present invention added to a battery. The battery to which the silicone functional carbonate was added exhibited a higher capacity retention ratio than the battery of the ordinary electrolyte. Table 1:

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一类卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,其制备方法及在锂电池中的应用。其化学结构如式1所示,式1化合物含卤硅烷基团和有机碳酸酯基团,分子结构中含有机碳酸酯部分有助于锂离子的离解和传导,有机硅功能团能改进电极的表面性能和提高材料的界面性能。本发明所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料可用作功能添加剂或共溶剂应用于锂离子电池,电解液包括锂盐,高介电常数溶剂或低沸点的有机溶剂,和化学结构如式1所示的化合物。该类材料也可以应用于其它电化学储能器件。

Description

卤硅垸功能化碳酸酯电解质材料, 其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及化学材料合成和电化学储能技术领域,尤其是涉及一类含 ^硅烷 功能化碳酸酯电解质材料, 其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液功能添加剂(或共 溶剂) 中的应用。 技术背景
锂离子电池具有开路电压高、 比容量大、 循环寿命长、 安全性能好、 自放电 小、 应用范围宽、 无记忆效应、 无污染等优点, 作为新型绿色电池, 目前已广泛 地应用于消费电子产品中, 并正积极地向国防工业、 空间技术、 电动汽车和静置 式备用电源等领域发展。
电解液是锂离子电池的重要组成部分, 是在电池正、负极之间起传导作用的 离子导体, 是连接正、 负极材料之间的桥梁, 它本身的性能及其与正负极形成的 界面状况很大程度上影响电池的性能。选择合适的电解液是获得高能量密度和功 率密度、长循环寿命和安全性良好的锂离子电池的关键因素之一。 目前商业电解 液主要是由多种有机碳酸酯溶剂混合组成, 但是这类电解液易燃、 易挥发, 导致 了锂离子电池的安全事故频频发生; 此外, 有机碳酸酯类电解液还存在高低温性 能、安全性、大容量和高倍率放电不足等缺点。 当在锂离子电池有机电解液中添 加少量的功能添加剂时, 电池的电化学性能如电导率、循环效率和可逆容量等能 够得到明显的改善。 它们具有"用量小、 见效快 "的特点, 操作简单, 可直接加入 到有机电解液中。 在基本不增加电池成本的基础上, 就能显著改善电池的性能。 因此,设计开发高安全性和高性能的新型电解液添加剂是锂离子电池材料的研究 热点。
有机硅电解质材料具有优良的热稳定性和低温离子传导性能、高电导率、无 毒性、低可燃性和高分解电压等优点, 与碳基类似物相比具有更高的电化学稳定 性 (4.5 V以上) , 应用小分子有机硅电解液的锂电池也表现出优良的充放电循 环性能, 高能量密度和较高的功率密度。取代基对有机硅电解质材料的影响也有 相关的计算报道,吸电子基团取代可以提高有机硅化合物的电化学窗口 U. Phys. Chem. C. 2011, 115, 12216)。而实验报道的卤硅烷化合物用于锂离子电池中却很 少,在先专利有报道通过有机硅化合物与含氟碱金属盐的反应生成的氟硅烷对电 池阻抗性能的影响(CN102113164) , 也有提及有机氟硅烷存在应用于锂电池添 加剂的潜在可能性 (US2009/0197167A1 ) 。 虽然卤硅烷化合物用于锂电池的电 解质材料或添加剂的研究不多,但开发新型卤硅烷化合物应用于锂离子电池有着 重要的研究和实际意义。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类应用范围广的含卤硅烷基团和有机碳酸酯基团的 卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,并提供了其制备方法以及用作功能添加剂或共 溶剂在锂离子电池中的应用。
本发明卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料, 其化学结构如式 1示:
Figure imgf000004_0001
式 1 其中 R1 选自如下结构单元: 亚甲基 [-(CH2)m-, m = 1〜3]或含醚链 [-(CH2)mO(CH2)n-, m, n = 1〜3]的基团; R2, R3, R4选自烷基 [-(CH2)mCH3, m = 0〜3], 芳基 (或取代芳基), 或 X (卤素)取代; 且 R2,R3,R4至少有一个 X取代基团, 所 述卤素优选为 -Cl,-F。 式 1化合物含卤硅烷基团和有机碳酸酯基团, 有机硅基团 为卤硅烷基团,有机碳酸酯基团为 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2 -酮。 其中所述卤硅烷基团可为单卤代或二卤代、 三卤代硅烷化 合物, 可为氯硅烷基团或氟硅烷基团。分子结构中含有机碳酸酯部分有助于锂离 子的离解和传导, 有机硅功能团能改进电极的表面性能和提高材料的界面性能。
本发明还提供了上述卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备方法,该方法包 括如下步骤: (1 )双键取代的碳酸酯与卤代硅氢烷或烷氧基硅氢烷通过硅氢化反 应, 制备相应的卤硅烷或烷氧基硅烷取代的碳酸酯; (2) 步骤(1 )产物与氟化 试剂反应生成相应的氟硅烷取代的碳酸酯。
所述双键取代的碳酸酯为 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯 基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮; 卤代硅氢烷为氯代硅氢烷; 烷氧基硅氢烷为甲氧基取代 硅氢烷或乙氧基取代硅氢烷; 并且上述双键取代碳酸酯与硅氢烷的摩尔比为 1 : 1.0〜1.5。
所述硅氢化反应催化剂选自: 氯铂酸, 二氧化铂, 或 Karstedt's催化剂, 并 且其加入的量为 0.1〜l mol % (相对于双键碳酸酯) ; 所述氟化试剂包括: 三氟 化硼 ·乙醚、 三氟化锑、 氟化钾、 或氟化锂, 所述氟化试剂与卤硅烷或烷氧基硅 烷取代的碳酸酯的摩尔比为 3〜1: 1。
反应在惰性气体保护环境下进行的;硅氢化反应的温度为 30〜80度, 反应时 间是 2〜24小时; 氟化反应的温度为 30〜80度, 反应时间是 2〜24小时。
本发明还提供了式 1 所示的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料在锂离子电池 中的应用。所述卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料可作为功能添加剂或共溶剂应用 于锂离子电池的电解液中。 所述锂离子电池电解液包括式 1所示的有机化合物, 还包括锂盐, 高介电常数溶剂或低沸点的有机溶剂。
本发明有机硅功能化碳酸酯电解质材料也可以作为电解质材料应用于其它 电化学储能器件(如燃料电池、 电解电容和超级电容)及其它光电器件(如有机 太阳能电池等) 。 附图说明:
图 1为本发明实施例 1化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 2为本发明实施例 2化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 3为本发明实施例 3化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 4为本发明实施例 4化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 5为本发明实施例 5化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 6为本发明实施例 6化合物的核磁氢谱和碳谱图。
图 7为本发明实施例 4化合物 (MFGC) 的电化学窗口图。
图 8为本发明实施例 4化合物 (MFGC) 的离子电导率图。
图 9 为本发明实施例 4 化合物 (MFGC ) 添加于商业电解液 ( 1M LiPF6
EC/DMC/DEC=1 : 1 :1 ) 的电池性能测试图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明内容作进一步说明。
本发明卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备路线具体有以下两种: 方法一: ( 1 ) 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊 环 -2 -酮与烷氧基硅氢烷通过硅氢化反应制备烷氧基硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲 基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或烷氧基硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2 -酮; (2) 烷 氧基硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或烷氧基硅烷取代的 4-乙 基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2 -酮与氟化试剂(包括三氟化硼.乙醚、 三氟化锑、 含氟的碱金 属盐)反应制备相应的氟硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料。具体合成路线如下图所
SiHRaR' (3-a)
Figure imgf000006_0001
HpPtClfi, reflux
R' = -0CH3, -OC2H5; R = -CH a: 0,1 ,2 a: 0,1 ,2
Figure imgf000006_0002
R' = -OCH3, -OC2H5; R = -CH a a: 0,1 ,2 : 0,1 ,2
上述反应的具体步骤如下: (1 ) 烷氧基硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 - 二氧戊环 -2-酮或烷氧基硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的制备: 在室温条 件下, 将烷氧基硅氢烷 (l .leq. ) 缓慢滴入加有 0.1〜1 mol %的铂催化剂的 4-[(烯 丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2 -酮中, 待滴加完 毕, 反应体系升温至 85度后反应 12小时, 通过蒸馏可得到烷氧基硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或烷氧基硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮。 (2) 卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备: 在氩气保护下, 将三氟化 硼乙醚溶液 (三氟化硼 .乙醚与烷氧基硅烷取代的碳酸酯的摩尔比为 3〜1: 1 ) 滴 入烷氧基硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或烷氧基硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的甲苯溶液中, 加热反应过夜, 旋蒸溶剂, 然后将所 得反应混合物通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。
方法二: ( 1 ) 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊 环 -2 -酮与氯代硅氢烷通过硅氢化反应制备氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 - 二氧戊环 -2-酮或氯硅垸取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮; (2) 氯硅垸取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或氯硅垸取代的 4-乙基 -U -二氧戊环 -2-酮 与氟化试剂 (包括三氟化 乙醚、 三氟化锑、 含氟的碱金属盐) 反应制备相应 的氟硅垸功能化碳酸酯电解质材料。 具体合成路线如下图所示。
〇 SiHRaCI(3_a)
H PtClfi, reflux
Figure imgf000007_0001
a: 0,1,2
Figure imgf000007_0002
H PtCU, reflux
上述反应的方法二具体步骤如下:(1)氯代硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或氯硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的制备: 在室温条件 下, 将氯代硅氢烷(l.leq.)缓慢滴入加有 0.1〜lmol% 的铂催化剂的 4- [(烯丙氧 基)甲基] -1, 3-二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯基 -1,3-二氧戊环 -2-酮中, 待滴加完毕, 反 应体系升温至 85度后反应 12小时, 可得到相应硅氢化产物。 (2) 氟硅烷功能 化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备: 在氩气保护下, 将氟化钾(氟化钾与氯硅烷取代的 碳酸酯的摩尔比为 3〜1: 1)加入氯代硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或氯硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的乙腈溶液中, 室温搅拌反应过 夜, 旋蒸溶剂, 然后将所得反应混合物通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。
实施例 1-6化合物的结构式如下所示:
Figure imgf000007_0003
实施例 1 :三氟硅烷取代 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成(TFGC ) 在氩气保护下, 取 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮(0.1 mol)和三乙 氧基硅烷(0.11 mol)在氯铂酸(0.4 % mol)催化的条件下, 反应体系升温至 85 度后反应 12小时,然后蒸馏可得三乙氧基硅烷取代的烯丙基甘油碳酸酯化合物。 将三氟化硼 ·乙醚(O. lmol) 滴加至三乙氧基硅烷取代的烯丙基甘油碳酸酯 (0.05 mol) 的甲苯溶液中, 加热至 80度后反应 2小时, 将溶剂旋蒸, 后减压蒸馏得三 氟硅烷取代烯丙基甘油碳酸酯, 对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图如附图 1所示:
1H NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 1.05 (m, 2Η, SiCH2CH2), 1.84 (m, 2H, SiCH2CH2), 3.54 (m, 2Η, SiCH2CH2CH2), 3.68 (m, 2Η, OCH2CH), 4.36 (m, 1H, CH2), 4.50 (m, 1Η, CH2), 4.84 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): 3.77, 3.88, 4.00, 4.14, 21.71 , 66.36, 69.99, 72.20, 74.79, 154.86.
实施例 2: 三氟硅烷取代 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成 (TFVEC ) 用 4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮为反应物, 采用实施例 1相同的合成方法, 通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。 对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图如附图 2所示:
1H NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 1.10 (m, 1H, SiCH2CH2), 1.25 (m 1H, SiCH2CH2), 1.97 (m, 2H, SiCH2CH2), 4.09 (t, 3J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, CH2), 4.57 (m, 1H, 3J = 8.4 Hz, CH2), 4.71 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): 2.20, 25.76, 68.62, 76.79, 154.32.
实施例 3 : —甲基二氟硅烷取代 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成
( DFGC )
用二乙氧基硅烷为反应物,采用实施例 1相同的合成方法, 通过减压蒸馏得 目标产物。
也可以用本专利所描述的方法二: 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮
( 0.2 mol) 与一甲基二氯硅氢烷 (0.2 mol) 在氯铂酸 (0.4% mol) 催化的条件 下反应制备一甲基二氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮;一甲基 二氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮与氟化钾在乙腈溶液中反 应制备相应的一甲基二氟硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮。
对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图如附图 3所示: Ή NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 0.34 (t, 3H, = 6.0 Hz, S1CH3), 0.82(m, 2Η, S1CH2CH2), 1.73 (m, 2H, SiCH2CH2), 3.50 (t, 2H, 3 J = 6.0 Hz, SiCH2CH2CH2), 3.60 (dq, 2Η, 3J = 10.8 Hz, OCH2CH), 4.37 (dd, 1H, 3J = 10.8 Hz, CH2), 4.49 (dd, 1Η, 3J = 10.8 Hz, CH2), 4.80 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): -4.34(t, 3J = 16.05), 9.82(t, 3J = 15.45), 21.74, 66.21, 69.78, 73.20, 75.01, 154.95.
实施例 4: 二甲基一氟硅烷取代 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成 (MFGC)
4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮(0.2 mol)与二甲基一氯硅氢烷 (0.2 mol)在氯铂酸(0.4% mol)催化的条件下反应制备二甲基一氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙 氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮; 二甲基一氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 - 二氧戊环 -2-酮与氟化钾在乙腈溶液中反应制备相应的二甲基一氟硅烷取代的 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮。
也可以用本专利所描述的方法一: 用一乙氧基甲基硅烷为反应物, 采用实施 例 1相同的合成方法, 通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图 如附图 4所示:
1H NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 0.10 (s, 3H, S1CH3), 0.59(t, 2Η, SiCH2CH2), 1.19 (t, 6H, Si(OCH2H3)2), 1.63 (m, 2Η, SiCH2C¾), 3.46 (m, 2Η, SiCH2CH2CH2), 3.62 (dq, 2Η, 3J = 10.8 Hz, OCH2CH), 3.74 (q, 4H, 3J = 7.2 Hz, Si(OCH2H3)2), 4.38 (dd, 1H, 3J = 6.0 Hz, CH2), 4.47 (dd, IU, 3J = 6.0 Hz, CH2), 4.78 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): -5.0, 9.7, 18.3, 22.9, 58.1, 66.2, 69.5, 74.3, 75.0, 154.9.
实施例 5 : 二甲基一氯硅烷取代 4- [(丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成 (MCGC )
4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮(0.2 mol)与二甲基一氯硅氢烷 (0.2 mol)在氯铂酸(0.4% mol)催化的条件下反应制备一甲基二氯硅烷取代的 4- [(丙 氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮。 通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。 对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图如附图 5所示:
1H NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 0.42 (s, 6H, Si(CH3)2), 0.83(m, 2Η, SiCH2C¾), 1.70 (m, 2Η, S1CH2CH2), 3.52 (m, 2Η, SiCH2CH2CH2), 3.65 (dq, 2Η, 3J = 10.8 Hz, OCH2CH), 4.40 (t, 1H, 3J = 8.4 Hz, CH2), 4.50 (t, 1Η, 3J = 8.4 Hz, CH2), 4.80 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): 1.57, 14.97, 23.11, 66.24, 69.68, 73.90, 75.00, 154.86.
实施例 6: —甲基二氯硅烷取代 4-乙基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮的合成(DCVEC)
4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮 (0.2 mol) 与一甲基二氯硅氢烷 (0.2 mol)在 氯铂酸 (0.4% mol) 催化的条件下反应制备一甲基二氯硅烷取代的 4-乙基 -1,3 - 二氧戊环 -2-酮。 通过减压蒸馏得目标产物。 对其进行核磁表征, 核磁谱图如附 图 6所示:
1H NMR(600 MHz, CDC13): δ= 0.83 (s, 3H, SiCH3), 1.23 (m, 2Η, SiCH2CH2), 1.95 (m, 2H, S1CH2CH2), 4.10 (t, 3 J = 8.4 Hz, 1H, CH2), 4.56 (m, IU, 3J = 8.4 Hz, CH2), 4.73 (m, 1Η, CH).
13C NMR (150.9 MHz, CDC13): 5.08, 16.04, 27.10, 68.74, 76.79, 154.60.
实施例 7: 电池制作及测试
本发明化合物应用于锂离子电池时, 可按如下步骤制造。
高介电常数溶剂不特别限制, 通常为电池领域常用的溶剂, 例如, 环状碳酸 酯如碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯, 或 γ-丁内酯等。低沸点的有机溶剂也不特别限制, 可为碳酸二乙酯、 碳酸二甲酯、 碳酸甲乙酯二甲氧乙烷, 或脂肪酸酯衍生物等。 高介电常数溶剂和低沸点的有机溶剂的体积比可为 1 : 1至 1 : 9, 高介电常数溶 剂和低沸点的有机溶剂也可以单独使用。 锂盐可为在锂电池中通常使用的的锂 盐。例如,锂盐可选包括 LiC104、 L1CF3SO3、 LiPF6、 LiN(CF3S02)2、 LiBF4、 Li(BC408) 和 LiN(C2F5S02)2等锂盐中的至少一种。有机电解液中锂盐的浓度可为 0.5-2.0 M。
将正极活性材料、 导电剂、 粘合剂和溶剂混合以制备正极活性材料组合物。 将正极活性材料组合物直接涂覆在铝集电体上并干燥以制备正极板。或者, 将正 极活性材料组合物在独立的基板上流延,并将从其获得的膜层压在铝集电体上以 制备正极板。
正极活性材料可为本领域中通常使用的任何含锂的金属氧化物。含锂的金属 氧化物的实例包括 LiCo02、 LiMnx02x (其中 x=l、 2)、 LiNii_xMnx02 (其中 0<x < 1 ) 禾卩 LiNi1-x-yCoxMny02 (其中 0≤x≤0.5, 0<y<0.5 ) 禾卩 LiFeP04。 炭黑可用作导电剂。 粘合剂可选自偏二氟乙烯 /六氟丙烯共聚物、 聚偏二氟 乙烯(PVDF)、 聚丙烯腈、 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 聚四氟乙烯及其混合物、 或基于 丁苯橡胶的聚合物。 溶剂可选自 N-甲基吡咯烷酮 (NMP)、 丙酮、 水等。 正极活 性材料、导电剂、粘合剂和溶剂的量可采用现有技术在锂电池中通常使用的用量。
硅金属、 硅薄膜、 锂金属、 锂合金、 碳质材料或石墨可用作负极活性材料。 负极活性材料组合物中的导电剂、粘结剂和溶剂可与正极活性材料组合物中的那 些相同。如果需要, 可将增塑剂加入正极活性材料组合物和负极活性材料组合物 中以在电极板中产生孔。
隔膜可由在锂电池中通常使用的任何材料构成。可使用对电解质的离子的移 动具有低阻抗和具有良好的吸收电解液的能力的材料。例如, 该材料可为选自玻 璃纤维、 聚酯、 特氟隆 (Tefl0n)、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE ) 及其 组合的无纺物或纺织物。 更具体地, 锂离子电池可选用包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯等可 卷绕的隔膜, 和锂离子电池可使用具有优异的浸渍有机电解液的能力的隔膜。
在所进行的实验中, 所使用的电解液和 LiPF6来自东莞杉杉有限公司, 锂片 来自中国锂能, 隔膜为 Asashi Chemical Industry公司产品。 电解液的配制和电池 的组装均在氩气 (纯度大于 99.9999%) 气氛下进行。
将 LiPF6溶解于碳酸亚乙酯,碳酸二甲酯,和碳酸二乙酯(EC : DMC : DEC=1 :
1: 1 ) 中配成浓度为 1M的电解液, 向此电解液中加入 2 vol. %的 MFGC。 利用
LiCo02和 Li分别做正、 负极, 组装成硬币式电池 (2025 ), 然后在深圳新威电 池充放电测试系统中进行充 /放电测试, 充放电电压 3.0 V- 4.3 V。
附图 7为本发明实施例 4化合物(MFGC ) 的电化学窗口图, 其氧化电位大 于 5V。 附图 8为本发明实施例 4化合物(MFGC )的离子电导率图, 溶有 1M的 LiTFSI。 表 1为本发明实施例化合物的粘度和介电常数表, 从中可以看出, 该类 化合物表现出较高的介电常数。附图 9为本发明实施例 4化合物添加于电池中的 循环性能曲线,相比于普通电解液的电池, 添加有有机硅功能化碳酸酯的电池表 现出更高的容量保持率。 表 1:
Figure imgf000012_0001
对比例 1:
为做对比, 使用商业电解液 (lM LiPF6 EC: DMC: DEC=1: 1: 1), 按与 实施例 7相同的方法组装硬币式电池 (2025), 然后按实施例 7相同的方法进行 充 /放电比较测试。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料, 其化学结构如式 1所示:
Figure imgf000013_0001
式 1 R1选自如下基团: [-(CH2)m -, m = l~3]或 [-(CH2)mO(CH2)n-, m, n = l~3] ; R2, R3, R4 选自如下基团: [-(CH2)mCH3, m = 0~3], 芳基或取代芳基, 或卤素取代基, 且 R2, R3, R4至少有一个卤素取代基团。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备方法, 其特 征在于包括如下步骤: (1 )双键取代的碳酸酯化合物与卤代硅氢烷或烷氧基硅氢 烷通过硅氢化反应, 制备相应的卤硅烷或烷氧基硅烷取代的碳酸酯; (2) 步骤 ( 1 ) 产物与氟化试剂反应生成相应的氟硅烷取代的碳酸酯。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备方法, 其 特征在于: 所述双键取代的碳酸酯为 4- [(烯丙氧基)甲基] -1, 3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮或 4-乙烯基 -1,3 -二氧戊环 -2-酮; 卤代硅氢烷为氯代硅氢烷; 烷氧基硅氢烷为甲氧 基取代硅氢烷或乙氧基取代硅氢烷;并且上述双键取代碳酸酯与硅氢烷的摩尔比 为 1: 1.0~1.5。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制备方法, 其 特征在于: 所述硅氢化反应催化剂选自: 氯铂酸, 二氧化铂, 或 Karstedt's催化 剂, 并且其加入的量为双键取代的碳酸酯化合物的 0.1~l mol %; 所述氟化试剂 包括: 三氟化硼.乙醚、 三氟化锑、 氟化钾、 或氟化锂, 所述氟化试剂与卤硅烷 或烷氧基硅烷取代的碳酸酯的摩尔比为 3~1: 1。
5、 根据权利要求 2或 4之任一所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料的制 备方法, 其特征在于: 反应在惰性气体保护环境下进行的; 硅氢化反应的温度为 30-80度,反应时间是 2~24小时;氟化反应的温度为 30~80度,反应时间是 2~24 小时。
6、 权利要求 1所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料在锂离子电池中的应 用。
7、 如权利要求 7所述的卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料在锂离子电池中的 应用,其特征在于式 1所述含卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料作为电解质添加剂 或共溶剂应用于锂离子电池的电解液中。
PCT/CN2012/084205 2012-09-24 2012-11-07 卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液中的应用 WO2014043981A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/430,480 US20150270574A1 (en) 2012-09-24 2012-11-07 Halogenosilane functionalized carbonate electrolyte material, preparation method thereof and use in electrolyte for lithium ion battery

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201210358351.0 2012-09-24
CN201210358351.0A CN102964372B (zh) 2012-09-24 2012-09-24 卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液中的应用

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014043981A1 true WO2014043981A1 (zh) 2014-03-27

Family

ID=47794832

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2012/084205 WO2014043981A1 (zh) 2012-09-24 2012-11-07 卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液中的应用

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20150270574A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102964372B (zh)
WO (1) WO2014043981A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020200341A (ja) * 2014-10-03 2020-12-17 シラトロニクス,インコーポレイテッド 官能化シラン及び電解質組成物及びこれらを含む電気化学デバイス

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104752766B (zh) * 2013-12-30 2017-05-31 比亚迪股份有限公司 电解液添加剂、含该添加剂的电解液及使用电解液的锂离子电池
CN105514487A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-04-20 中国科学院广州能源研究所 一种有机硅电解液和硅基电极材料配合使用的方法
CN106252727A (zh) * 2016-11-03 2016-12-21 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 一种锂离子电池电解液、锂离子电池
CN109768319B (zh) * 2017-11-09 2021-05-14 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 锂离子电池非水电解液及使用该电解液的锂离子电池
CN109786834B (zh) * 2019-01-25 2021-01-12 宁德新能源科技有限公司 电解液及电化学装置
WO2021235505A1 (ja) * 2020-05-19 2021-11-25 三菱ケミカル株式会社 非水系電解液及び非水系電解液電池
CN112582674B (zh) * 2020-09-30 2022-02-11 骆驼集团新能源电池有限公司 一种12v启停锂离子电池电解液
CN112652818A (zh) * 2021-01-12 2021-04-13 东莞维科电池有限公司 锂离子电池用电解液及锂离子电池
CN113140794B (zh) * 2021-03-30 2022-07-12 山东海容电源材料有限公司 一种电解液成膜添加剂及含该添加剂的锂离子电池电解液

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100330433A1 (en) * 2009-06-18 2010-12-30 Khalil Amine Fast cure gel polymer electrolytes
WO2012039251A1 (ja) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 富士フイルム株式会社 非水二次電池用電解液及びリチウム二次電池

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3740698A1 (de) * 1987-12-01 1989-06-15 Basf Ag Verfahren zur anodischen oxidation der oberflaeche von aluminium oder aluminiumlegierungen
US6120940A (en) * 1996-10-30 2000-09-19 The Johns Hopkins University Electrochemical storage cell containing at least one electrode formulated from a phenylene-thienyl based polymer
JP4063384B2 (ja) * 1998-03-02 2008-03-19 ダウ・コ−ニング・コ−ポレ−ション ハイドロカーボンオキシシリル官能性ポリマーの製造方法
KR100477751B1 (ko) * 2002-11-16 2005-03-21 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 비수계 전해액 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지
US20070065728A1 (en) * 2003-03-20 2007-03-22 Zhengcheng Zhang Battery having electrolyte with mixed solvent
US8765295B2 (en) * 2004-02-04 2014-07-01 Robert C. West Electrolyte including silane for use in electrochemical devices
JP4656312B2 (ja) * 2005-09-13 2011-03-23 信越化学工業株式会社 環状カーボネート変性有機ケイ素化合物を含有する非水電解液並びに二次電池及びキャパシタ
US8124690B2 (en) * 2006-09-13 2012-02-28 Kaneka Corporation Moisture curable polymer having SiF group, and curable composition containing the same
JP5274563B2 (ja) * 2008-08-06 2013-08-28 三井化学株式会社 リチウム二次電池用非水電解液、リチウム二次電池及びその製造方法、並びにリチウム二次電池用混合型非水電解液

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100330433A1 (en) * 2009-06-18 2010-12-30 Khalil Amine Fast cure gel polymer electrolytes
WO2012039251A1 (ja) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 富士フイルム株式会社 非水二次電池用電解液及びリチウム二次電池

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PURDY, ANDREW P. ET AL.: "Synthesis and dielectric constants of polymers with cyclic carbonate endant groups", POLYMER PREPRINTS, vol. 44, no. 1, 2003, pages 854 - 855 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020200341A (ja) * 2014-10-03 2020-12-17 シラトロニクス,インコーポレイテッド 官能化シラン及び電解質組成物及びこれらを含む電気化学デバイス
JP7107999B2 (ja) 2014-10-03 2022-07-27 シラトロニクス,インコーポレイテッド 官能化シラン及び電解質組成物及びこれらを含む電気化学デバイス
US11444329B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2022-09-13 Silatronix, Inc. Functionalized silanes and electrolyte compositions and electrochemical devices containing them

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20150270574A1 (en) 2015-09-24
CN102964372A (zh) 2013-03-13
CN102964372B (zh) 2015-09-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9085591B2 (en) Organosilicon amine electrolyte materials containing polyether chain and application thereof in electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries
WO2014043981A1 (zh) 卤硅烷功能化碳酸酯电解质材料,其制备方法及在锂离子电池电解液中的应用
KR101423415B1 (ko) 실릴에스테르기 함유 포스폰산 유도체를 함유하는 비수 전해액 및 리튬 2차 전지
US9359384B2 (en) Organohalosilane and use thereof in electrolytes of non-aqueous lithium ion batteries
JP4650625B2 (ja) 環状カーボネート変性有機ケイ素化合物、それを含有する非水電解液並びに二次電池及びキャパシタ
US8076031B1 (en) Electrochemical device having electrolyte including disiloxane
JP4650627B2 (ja) 環状カーボネート変性シロキサン及びその製造方法並びに非水電解液、二次電池及びキャパシタ
JP4625052B2 (ja) シラン化合物、それを採用した有機電解液及びリチウム電池
US8076032B1 (en) Electrolyte including silane for use in electrochemical devices
US8765295B2 (en) Electrolyte including silane for use in electrochemical devices
US9786954B2 (en) Electrolyte including silane for use in electrochemical devices
TW201817076A (zh) 非水電解液用添加劑、非水電解液以及蓄電裝置
KR20080023294A (ko) 음이온 수용체 및 이를 함유한 전해질
Wang et al. Fluorosilane compounds with oligo (ethylene oxide) substituent as safe electrolyte solvents for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries
JP4957888B2 (ja) 非水電解液、二次電池及び電気化学キャパシタ
JP5542827B2 (ja) 不飽和スルトン化合物を含有するリチウム二次電池用非水電解液、リチウム二次電池用添加剤、及びリチウム二次電池
TWI793269B (zh) 非水電解液用添加劑、非水電解液、蓄電裝置、鋰離子電池及鋰離子電容器
KR20080009313A (ko) 음이온 수용체 및 이를 함유한 전해질
CN114621278A (zh) 硼酸酯功能化有机硅氧烷化合物及其制备方法和应用
US8936882B2 (en) Electrolyte compositions for lithium and lithium-ion batteries
JP2022551173A (ja) 組成物
JP5785064B2 (ja) ホスホノ酢酸化合物を含有する非水電解液、及びリチウム二次電池
CN118202502A (zh) 包含有机硅化合物的电解质组合物
KR100407486B1 (ko) 유기전해액 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지
WO2022138893A1 (ja) 非水系電解液及び非水系電解液電池

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12885144

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 14430480

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 12885144

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1