WO2014038313A1 - 温度制御シーケンス決定装置、成形装置、プログラム、記録媒体および温度制御シーケンス決定方法 - Google Patents
温度制御シーケンス決定装置、成形装置、プログラム、記録媒体および温度制御シーケンス決定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014038313A1 WO2014038313A1 PCT/JP2013/070556 JP2013070556W WO2014038313A1 WO 2014038313 A1 WO2014038313 A1 WO 2014038313A1 JP 2013070556 W JP2013070556 W JP 2013070556W WO 2014038313 A1 WO2014038313 A1 WO 2014038313A1
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- temperature
- temperature control
- thermosetting material
- control sequence
- curing reaction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/0288—Controlling heating or curing of polymers during moulding, e.g. by measuring temperatures or properties of the polymer and regulating the process
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- the present invention relates to an apparatus for determining a temperature control sequence for molding an object formed from a thermosetting material, and more particularly to preliminarily simulate changes in properties of the thermosetting material during the molding process.
- the present invention relates to a temperature control sequence determination device, a molding device, a program, a recording medium, and a temperature control sequence determination method that can realize optimal temperature control.
- thermosetting material such as a thermosetting resin starts a curing reaction by heating, but the curing reaction rate has a property of accelerating as the temperature of the thermosetting material increases. Further, since this curing reaction is usually an exothermic reaction, the thermosetting material generates heat (self-heating) as the curing reaction proceeds.
- thermosetting material when the thermosetting material is cured by heating, the temperature of the thermosetting material is increased due to external heating and heating based on self-heating, which further accelerates the curing reaction. As a result, thermal runaway in which the curing reaction proceeds rapidly due to overheating may occur.
- FIG. 40 is a graph for explaining thermal runaway of the thermosetting material due to overheating. As shown in FIG. 40, the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material rapidly increases due to overheating, and this causes thermal runaway of the thermosetting material. When thermal runaway occurs, it may cause problems such as uneven physical properties, distortion, residual stress, and reduced strength of the molded article.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a curing reaction rate calculation formula of a thermosetting material, a heat balance equation in the autoclave, a measured value of the autoclave atmospheric temperature, and a thermosetting material temperature.
- a technique for predicting a temperature change after the current time of the thermosetting material using the measured value and controlling the ambient temperature is disclosed.
- thermosetting material when the temperature control of the thermosetting material is performed by a temperature control unit such as an electric heater of an autoclave or a press apparatus, a delay time of several tens of seconds or more usually occurs. Therefore, when using a thermosetting material with a fast curing reaction rate in which the curing reaction proceeds in seconds, even if the temperature control is performed by feeding back the measured value of the thermosetting material temperature, it is not in time to suppress thermal runaway. There is a problem that thermal runaway cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to suppress thermal runaway in the molding process of a thermosetting material, and to prevent physical properties unevenness, distortion, residual stress, strength reduction, etc. of the molded body.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a temperature control sequence determination device, a molding device, a program, a recording medium, and a temperature control sequence determination method that can be suppressed.
- a temperature control sequence determination device includes a heat transfer unit that performs heat exchange with an object formed from a thermosetting material, and the temperature control sequence determination device.
- a temperature control sequence determining apparatus that corrects a temperature control sequence that is applied to a molding apparatus including a temperature control section that controls a temperature of a hot section, and that specifies an operation of the temperature control section, the molding process of the object Predicting means for predicting the time transition of the temperature and curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material in the above, and the temperature control based on the temperature transition of the thermosetting material and the time transition of the curing reaction rate predicted by the predicting means
- thermosetting material ⁇ curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material t: time T: absolute temperature of the thermosetting material A 1 , T 1 , A 2 , T 2 , m , N: reaction parameter specific to the thermosetting material, the following calculation formula for calculating the calorific value of the thermosetting material;
- thermosetting material Total heat generation density specific to the thermosetting material
- M Mass of the thermosetting material Heat generation in the thermosetting material, the heat transfer unit, and the temperature control unit
- an equivalent heat circuit that equivalently represents heat transfer by a combination selected from a temperature source, a heat flow source, a thermal resistance and a heat capacity, and the temperature control sequence before correction, and the temperature control sequence according to the temperature control sequence.
- a temperature control sequence determination method includes a heat transfer unit that performs heat exchange with an object formed from a thermosetting material, and the heat transfer unit itself or the above-described heat transfer.
- a temperature control sequence determination method for correcting a temperature control sequence that is applied to a molding apparatus including a temperature control unit that controls a temperature of a hot part, and that specifies an operation of the temperature control unit, the molding process of the object
- the temperature control based on the prediction step of predicting the time transition of the temperature and the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material in the step, and the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material and the curing reaction rate predicted by the prediction step
- thermosetting material ⁇ curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material t: time T: absolute temperature of the thermosetting material A 1 , T 1 , A 2 , T 2 , m , N: reaction parameter specific to the thermosetting material, the following calculation formula for calculating the calorific value of the thermosetting material;
- thermosetting material Total heat generation density specific to the thermosetting material
- M Mass of the thermosetting material
- Heat generation in the thermosetting material, the heat transfer unit, and the temperature control unit An amount of heat and an amount of heat transfer equivalently expressed by a combination selected from a temperature source, a heat flow source, a thermal resistance and a heat capacity, and the temperature control sequence before correction, and the temperature control sequence. The time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material and the curing reaction rate when designating the operation of the temperature control unit is predicted.
- thermosetting material in the prediction step, a calculation formula for calculating the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material, a calculation formula for calculating the calorific value of the thermosetting material, the thermosetting material, the heat transfer section, and the temperature control section.
- the temperature and curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material in the molding process of the object using an equivalent thermal circuit that equivalently expresses the heat generation and heat transfer in and the temperature control sequence that specifies the operation of the temperature controller. Predict time transitions in advance. Then, based on the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material and the curing reaction rate predicted in the prediction step, the temperature control sequence that specifies the operation of the temperature control unit is corrected in the correction step. For this reason, it is possible to start the temperature control of the temperature control unit based on the corrected temperature control sequence.
- thermosetting material capable of suppressing thermal runaway in the molding process of the thermosetting material and suppressing physical property unevenness, distortion, residual stress and strength reduction of the molded body. Can be realized.
- the temperature control sequence determination device includes a heat transfer unit that performs heat exchange with an object formed from a thermosetting material, and the temperature of itself or the heat transfer unit. And a temperature control sequence determination device that corrects a temperature control sequence that specifies an operation of the temperature control unit, the thermosetting in the molding process of the object.
- the temperature control sequence is corrected based on the prediction means for predicting the time transition of the temperature of the curable material and the curing reaction rate, and the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material and the curing reaction speed predicted by the prediction means.
- Correction means, and the prediction means calculates the following formula for calculating the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material:
- thermosetting material ⁇ curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material t: time T: absolute temperature of the thermosetting material A 1 , T 1 , A 2 , T 2 , m , N: reaction parameter specific to the thermosetting material, the following calculation formula for calculating the calorific value of the thermosetting material;
- thermosetting material Total heat generation density specific to the thermosetting material
- M Mass of the thermosetting material Heat generation in the thermosetting material, the heat transfer unit, and the temperature control unit
- an equivalent heat circuit that equivalently represents heat transfer by a combination selected from a temperature source, a heat flow source, a thermal resistance and a heat capacity, and the temperature control sequence before correction, and the temperature control sequence according to the temperature control sequence. The time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material and the curing reaction rate when the operation of the temperature control unit is designated is predicted.
- the temperature control sequence determination method which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention controls the temperature of the heat-transfer part which performs heat exchange between the objects formed from a thermosetting material, and the said heat-transfer part.
- a temperature control sequence determination method for correcting a temperature control sequence that is applied to a molding apparatus including a temperature control unit and that specifies an operation of the temperature control unit, wherein the thermosetting material is molded in the molding process of the object.
- the prediction step includes the following calculation formula for calculating the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material:
- thermosetting material ⁇ curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material t: time T: absolute temperature of the thermosetting material A 1 , T 1 , A 2 , T 2 , m , N: reaction parameter specific to the thermosetting material, the following calculation formula for calculating the calorific value of the thermosetting material;
- thermosetting material Total heat generation density specific to the thermosetting material
- M Mass of the thermosetting material Heat generation in the thermosetting material, the heat transfer unit, and the temperature control unit
- an equivalent heat circuit that equivalently represents heat transfer by a combination selected from a temperature source, a heat flow source, a thermal resistance and a heat capacity, and the temperature control sequence before correction, and the temperature control sequence according to the temperature control sequence. This is a method for predicting the time transition of the temperature and the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material when the operation of the temperature control unit is designated.
- thermosetting material that can suppress thermal runaway in molding a thermosetting material and suppress physical property unevenness, distortion, residual stress, strength reduction, and the like of the molded body.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the molding apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of the temperature dependence of the heat flow from the thermosetting material obtained as a result of DSC measurement of the thermosetting material at a heating rate of 5 K / min.
- FIG. 3 (a) is a graph showing an example of a change in the reaction rate over time obtained as a result of DSC measurement of a sample at a heating rate of 5 K / min.
- FIG. 3 (b) shows a heating rate of 10 K / min. It is a graph which shows an example of the time change of the reaction rate obtained as a result of measuring a sample by DSC.
- FIG. 4A is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent heat circuit expressing heat transfer in a one-dimensional direction in the heat transfer section
- FIG. 4B is a circuit diagram of FIG. 4B
- FIG. It is the schematic diagram which blocked the equivalent thermal circuit shown by (a).
- FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent thermal circuit expressing heat generation and heat transfer in a one-dimensional direction in the thermosetting material
- FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram shown in FIG. It is the schematic diagram which made the equivalent thermal circuit into a block.
- 6A is an equivalent thermal circuit representing heat generation and heat transfer in a one-dimensional direction in the heat transfer section, the thermosetting material, and the temperature control section
- FIG. 6B is a diagram of FIG. It is the schematic diagram which blocked the equivalent thermal circuit shown by (a).
- FIG. 7 is a table defining an initial temperature control sequence.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the temperature controller corresponding to the initial temperature control sequence shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a thermal response simulation result by the prediction means.
- FIG. 10 is a table defining a temperature control sequence after correction.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the temperature controller corresponding to the corrected temperature control sequence shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing a thermal response simulation result when the corrected temperature control sequence shown in FIG. 10 is executed.
- FIG. 13A is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent heat circuit expressing heat transfer in a two-dimensional direction in the heat transfer section, and FIG. 13B is an equivalent heat shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14A is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent heat circuit expressing heat generation and heat transfer in a two-dimensional direction in the thermosetting material
- FIG. 14B is a circuit diagram shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15A is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent thermal circuit expressing heat radiation to the air
- FIG. 15B is a schematic diagram in which the equivalent thermal circuit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram in which an equivalent heat circuit expressing heat generation and heat transfer in a two-dimensional direction in the heat transfer section and the thermosetting material is made into a block
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the molding apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is an equivalent thermal circuit that expresses heat generation and heat transfer in a one-dimensional direction in the heat transfer section, the thermosetting material, and the temperature control section.
- FIG. 19 is a table defining an initial temperature control sequence.
- 20A is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the induction temperature corresponding to the initial temperature control sequence shown in FIG. 19, and
- FIG. 20B is a detected temperature detected by the temperature detector. It is a schematic diagram which shows the temperature change profile.
- FIG. 21 is a table defining a temperature control sequence after correction.
- 22A is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the induction temperature corresponding to the corrected temperature control sequence shown in FIG. 21, and
- FIG. 22B is detected by the temperature detection unit. It is a schematic diagram which shows the temperature change profile of detected temperature.
- FIG. 23 is another table that defines a temperature control sequence after correction.
- FIG. 24A is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the induction temperature corresponding to the corrected temperature control sequence shown in FIG. 23, and FIG. 24B is detected by the temperature detection unit. It is a schematic diagram which shows the temperature change profile of detected temperature.
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing an example of the temperature dependence of the heat flow from the thermosetting material obtained as a result of DSC measurement of the thermosetting material at a heating rate of 10 K / min.
- FIG. 26 (a) to FIG. 26 (e) are graphs showing an example of temporal changes in the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate obtained as a result of isothermal DSC measurement of a sample at a constant temperature.
- FIG. 26 Shows the time change of the curing reaction rate and curing reaction rate obtained as a result of isothermal DSC measurement of the sample at a constant temperature of 60 ° C.
- FIG. 26B shows the result of isothermal DSC measurement of the sample at a constant temperature of 70 ° C.
- 26 shows the time change of the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate.
- FIG. 26C shows the time change of the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate obtained as a result of isothermal DSC measurement of the sample at a constant temperature of 80 ° C.
- D shows the time change of the curing reaction rate and curing reaction rate obtained as a result of isothermal DSC measurement of the sample at a constant temperature of 90 ° C.
- FIG. 26 shows the sample at a constant temperature of 100 ° C. It shows the time variations of the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction ratio obtained as a result of DSC measurement.
- FIG. 27 is a graph illustrating an example of an Arrhenius plot.
- 28 (a) to 28 (c) are graphs showing an example of changes in the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate at a constant temperature rising rate, and FIG. 28 (a) is a temperature rising rate of 10 K / min.
- FIG. 28 (b) shows the change in the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate of the sample at a temperature rising rate of 20 K / min, and
- FIG. 28 (c) shows the change in the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate of the sample.
- FIG. 29 is a table defining an initial temperature control sequence.
- FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the temperature controller corresponding to the initial temperature control sequence shown in FIG.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing a thermal response simulation result by the prediction means.
- FIG. 32 is a table that defines a temperature control sequence after correction.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the temperature controller corresponding to the corrected temperature control sequence shown in FIG.
- FIG. 34 is a graph showing a thermal response simulation result when the corrected temperature control sequence shown in FIG. 32 is executed.
- FIG. 35 is an example of a table defining a temperature control sequence.
- FIG. 36 is a table showing an example of a variable group configured based on the temperature control sequence shown in FIG.
- FIG. 37 is a table showing an example of operand candidates.
- FIG. 38 is an example of a table defining merit functions.
- FIG. 39 is a circuit diagram showing an example of an equivalent thermal circuit for explaining the parameters shown in FIG.
- FIG. 40 is a graph for explaining thermal runaway of the thermosetting material due to overheating.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a molding apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the molding apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is for molding a molding target by heating a molding target (object) formed from the thermosetting material H and curing the thermosetting material H.
- the molding apparatus 1 includes a temperature control sequence determination unit (temperature control sequence determination device) 3, a temperature control unit 4, a heat transfer unit 5, and an input unit 6.
- a temperature control sequence determination unit temperature control sequence determination device
- a temperature control unit 4 temperature control unit
- a heat transfer unit 5 heat transfer unit 5
- an input unit 6 input unit 6.
- the temperature control sequence determination unit 3 predicts the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material H and the curing reaction rate in the molding process, and corrects the initial temperature control sequence based on the prediction result.
- the temperature control sequence determination unit 3 includes a prediction unit 31 and a correction unit 32.
- the predicting means 31 predicts the temperature of the thermosetting material H and the time transition of the curing reaction rate in the molding process before executing the molding process.
- the predicting means 31 in the molding process when executing a temperature control sequence (hereinafter referred to as an initial temperature control sequence) for designating the operation of the temperature control unit 4 given as an initial value.
- the temperature of the thermosetting material H and the time transition of the curing reaction rate are simulated.
- the prediction unit 31 outputs the predicted temperature response of the thermosetting material H and the thermal response simulation result of the time transition of the curing reaction rate (see FIG. 9), the initial temperature control sequence, and the like to the correction unit 32. Details of the processing in the prediction means 31 will be described later.
- the correction unit 32 corrects the initial temperature control sequence based on the thermal response simulation result of the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material H and the curing reaction rate predicted by the prediction unit 31. Specifically, when the thermal response simulation result is output from the prediction unit 31, the correcting unit 32 is configured to suppress thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H due to overheating based on the thermal response simulation result. Modify the initial temperature control sequence.
- the correction means 32 outputs the corrected initial temperature control sequence (hereinafter referred to as a corrected temperature control sequence) to the temperature control unit 4. Details of the processing in the correction means 32 will be described later.
- the temperature control unit 4 is for controlling the temperature of the thermosetting material H. Specifically, the temperature control unit 4 controls the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 itself based on the input temperature control sequence. Then, the temperature of the thermosetting material H is controlled by heating and cooling the thermosetting material H through the heat transfer section 5. That is, the temperature control unit 4 controls the temperature of the thermosetting material H by controlling the temperature of the thermosetting material H by heating and cooling the thermosetting material H through the heat transfer unit 5 by controlling the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 by the corrected temperature control sequence. To do.
- the temperature control unit 4 includes a temperature control means 41 and a heating / cooling unit 42.
- the temperature control means 41 controls the heating / cooling output of the heating / cooling section 42. Specifically, the temperature control unit 41 controls the heating / cooling output of the heating / cooling unit 42 so that the temperature of the heating / cooling unit 42 changes based on the input temperature control sequence.
- the heating / cooling unit 42 performs heating or cooling operation. Specifically, the heating / cooling unit 42 heats or cools the heating / cooling unit 42 itself based on an output signal from the temperature control means 41.
- the heating / cooling unit 42 includes a heater such as a nichrome wire, a cooling means such as a water-cooled pipe, a metal plate having a high thermal conductivity, etc., and abuts on the heat transfer unit 5 to heat or cool the heat transfer unit 5.
- the metal plate is made of aluminum and has a thickness of about 30 mm.
- the heat transfer unit 5 performs heat exchange with the thermosetting material H.
- the heat transfer unit 5 is, for example, a mold made of a metal having high thermal conductivity. The temperature of the heat transfer unit 5 is adjusted by the heating / cooling unit 42 and heat exchange is performed with the thermosetting material H.
- the heat transfer section 5 is made of SUS and has a thickness of 20 mm and a thermal conductivity of about 20 W / K / m.
- the thickness of the heat transfer part 5 is reduced, the delay time of heat transfer to the thermosetting material H can be shortened.
- the thickness of the heat transfer part 5 is increased, the thermosetting property is increased. The temperature uniformity within the surface of the material H can be improved.
- thermosetting material H The thermosetting material H molded in this embodiment has, for example, a thermal conductivity of 0.2 W / K ⁇ m, a specific heat of 1.5 J / K ⁇ g, a specific gravity of 1.2 g / cm 3 , and a thickness of about 0.8 mm. is there.
- the heat transfer section 5 and the heating / cooling section 42 are arranged vertically symmetrically with respect to the thermosetting material H. Therefore, in the equivalent thermal circuit, the thickness of the thermosetting material H is set to 0.4 mm.
- the predicting means 31 simulates the time transition of the temperature and the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H in the molding process when the initial temperature control sequence is executed. Specifically, the predicting means 31 simulates the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material H and the curing reaction rate in the molding process by the following (1) to (3).
- DSC measurement DSC Different Scanning Calorimetry measurement measures the calorific value at each time point by changing the temperature of a sample constant or continuously. According to DSC measurement at a constant temperature increase rate, the total heat generation density of the thermosetting material H can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of the temperature dependence of the heat flow from the thermosetting material obtained as a result of DSC measurement of the thermosetting material H at a heating rate of 5 K / min. For example, by connecting two points (50 ° C. and 280 ° C. in the figure) that can be regarded as the calorific value of the thermosetting material H as a baseline, and subtracting the heat capacity of the thermosetting material H and heat consumption due to heat dissipation The total heat generation density of the thermosetting material H can be determined to be 160 J / g.
- the predicting means 31 calculates the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H using the following formula (Kamal model formula).
- thermosetting material H curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H ⁇ : curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H t: time T: absolute temperature of the thermosetting material H A 1 , T 1 , A 2 , T 2 , m , N: Reaction parameter specific to thermosetting material H Further, the predicting means 31 calculates the calorific value of the thermosetting material H using the following calculation formula.
- thermosetting material H Q Total heat generation density specific to the thermosetting material H M: Mass of the thermosetting material H DSC measurement results at different heating rates were used to obtain these reaction parameters. Should be compared.
- FIG. 3 (a) is a graph showing the change over time of the reaction rate obtained as a result of DSC measurement of the sample at a heating rate of 5 K / min.
- FIG. 3 (b) shows the sample at a heating rate of 10 K / min. It is a graph which shows the time change of the reaction rate obtained as a result of measuring DSC.
- the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H can be expressed by the following calculation formula.
- the prediction means 31 selects the heat_generation
- An equivalent thermal circuit that is equivalently expressed by a combination is configured.
- the temperature control unit 41 normally controls the heat generation amount by feedback control in order to induce the temperature of the heating / cooling unit 42 to a desired temperature (that is, a heat flow source).
- a desired temperature that is, a heat flow source.
- the temperature control unit 4 is expressed as a temperature source that can directly define the temperature of the heating and cooling unit 42.
- the equivalent thermal circuit is a thermal circuit that expresses an assumed system equivalently or approximately by a combination of a temperature source, a heat flow source, a thermal resistance, and a heat capacity.
- Heat transfer and heat generation phenomena can be handled by analogy with electrical circuit conduction phenomena: temperature and potential, heat flow and current, thermal resistance / conductance and electrical resistance / conductance, thermal capacity and electrical capacity, thermal circuit and electrical circuit. , Respectively.
- FIG. 4A is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent heat circuit expressing heat transfer in a one-dimensional direction in the heat transfer section 5, and FIG. 4B is an equivalent circuit shown in FIG. It is the schematic diagram which made the thermal circuit into blocks.
- FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent thermal circuit that expresses heat generation and heat transfer in the one-dimensional direction in the thermosetting material H
- FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram of FIG. It is the schematic diagram which made the equivalent thermal circuit shown into the block.
- FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B an equivalent thermal circuit expressing heat generation and heat transfer in the heat transfer section 5, the thermosetting material H, and the temperature control section 4 is shown in FIG.
- the equivalent thermal circuit of the heat transfer section 5 shown in (a) of FIG. 5 and the equivalent thermal circuit of the thermosetting material H shown in (a) of FIG. it can be represented by a combination of heating value q, and the temperature source T C (corresponding to the temperature control unit 4).
- the thermal resistance R M and the heat capacity C M of the heat transfer section 5 are respectively expressed as follows.
- thermosetting material H the thermal resistance R S , the heat capacity C S, the curing reaction rate d ⁇ / dt, and the calorific value q of the thermosetting material H are respectively expressed as follows.
- FIG. 7 is a table that defines the initial temperature control sequence. As shown in FIG. 7, the initial temperature control sequence is provided with various programs for controlling the temperature.
- the initial temperature control sequence includes temperature control steps 1 to 3, and each temperature control step is defined by a target temperature, a temperature change rate, and an elapsed time.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the temperature control unit 4 corresponding to the initial temperature control sequence shown in FIG.
- the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 changes like a temperature change profile shown in FIG. 8.
- the holding time at 150 ° C. is increased to 300 seconds in order to stabilize the molding accuracy of the molding object by stress relaxation.
- This initial temperature control sequence may be input by the user via the input unit 6 or may be previously stored in the molding apparatus 1.
- the predicting means 31 uses the reaction parameters, the equivalent thermal circuit and the initial temperature control sequence as described above to perform the thermal response simulation, the curing reaction rate ⁇ , the curing reaction of the thermosetting material H. The time transition of the speed d ⁇ / dt and the absolute temperature T is calculated.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a thermal response simulation result by the prediction means 31. As shown in FIG. 9, when the initial temperature control sequence is executed, the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H rapidly increases around 130 seconds, and thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H due to overheating may occur. It can be obtained from the thermal response simulation result of the predicting means 31.
- thermosetting material H based on the thermal response simulation result
- maximum value of the curing reaction rate is 0.609 / s
- final curing reaction rate is 0.983.
- the correction means 32 is based on the thermal response simulation result of the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material H and the curing reaction rate predicted by the prediction means 31, and the thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H due to overheating.
- the initial temperature control sequence is modified so that the
- the temperature rising rate during heating may be lowered.
- FIG. 10 is a table that defines the corrected temperature control sequence. As shown in FIG. 10, in the correction means 32, thermal runaway has occurred so that the rate of temperature rise in the temperature zone where thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H has occurred in the thermal response simulation result of the prediction means 31.
- the initial temperature sequence is corrected by subdividing the temperature control step and defining the shift temperature.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the temperature controller 4 corresponding to the temperature control sequence after correction shown in FIG. 10, and FIG. 12 shows the temperature control sequence after correction shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the thermal response simulation result at the time of performing.
- the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 changes like the temperature change profile shown in FIG. 11, and the thermosetting property in the thermal response simulation result of the predicting means 31.
- the rate of temperature increase in the temperature range in which the thermal runaway of the material H has occurred is low.
- the temperature change rate in the temperature zone 110 ° C. to 130 ° C. including the temperature 125.7 ° C. at which the curing reaction rate becomes 0.05 and the temperature 128.8 ° C. at which the curing reaction rate becomes 0.1 is 1 Reduced from 0.0 K / s to 0.2 K / s.
- the thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H due to overheating can be suppressed by executing the corrected temperature control sequence.
- the maximum value of the excessive temperature rise of the thermosetting material H by the temperature control sequence after correction is 0.0K
- the maximum value of the curing reaction rate is 0.100 / s
- the final curing reaction rate is 0.984. .
- the temperature control unit 4 can start the temperature control of the temperature control unit 4 itself based on the optimized temperature control sequence after correction. .
- the molding apparatus 1 that suppresses thermal runaway in the molding process of the thermosetting material H and suppresses physical property unevenness, distortion, residual stress, strength reduction, and the like of the molded body. it can.
- the correction means 32 corrects the initial temperature control sequence so that the difference between the temperature of the thermosetting material H and the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 (heating / cooling unit 42) is 10 ° C. or less at each time point. Is preferred. Thereby, the raise of the rapid hardening reaction rate of the thermosetting material H can be suppressed, and thermal runaway can be suppressed.
- the correcting means 32 corrects the initial temperature control sequence so that the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H becomes 0.1 / second or less at each time point. Thereby, the thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H can be suppressed effectively.
- the correcting means 32 corrects the initial temperature control sequence so that the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H at the time when the initial temperature control sequence is completed is 0.8 or more. Thereby, the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H at the completion of the molding process can be increased.
- the predicting means 31 has been described using the one-dimensional equivalent thermal circuit to simulate the time transition of the temperature and the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H in the molding process. It is not limited to this. Instead of the one-dimensional equivalent thermal circuit, a two-dimensional equivalent thermal circuit may be used to perform a thermal response simulation.
- FIG. 13A is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent heat circuit that expresses heat transfer in the two-dimensional direction in the heat transfer section 5, and FIG. 13B is an equivalent circuit shown in FIG. It is the schematic diagram which made the thermal circuit into blocks.
- the heat transfer in the two-dimensional direction in the heat transfer section 5 is represented by a combination of the thermal resistance R X , the thermal resistance R Z , and the heat capacity C. Can do.
- the thermal resistance R X , the thermal resistance R Z , and the heat capacity C are each expressed as follows.
- FIG. 14A is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent thermal circuit that expresses heat generation and heat transfer in the two-dimensional direction in the thermosetting material H
- FIG. 14B is a circuit diagram of FIG. It is the schematic diagram which made the equivalent thermal circuit shown into the block.
- the heat generation and heat transfer in the two-dimensional direction of the thermosetting material H are the heat resistance R X , the heat resistance R Z , the heat capacity C, and the heat generation. It can be represented by a combination of quantities q.
- the thermal resistance R, the thermal capacity C, the curing reaction rate d ⁇ / dt, and the calorific value q are respectively expressed as follows.
- FIG. 15A is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent thermal circuit expressing heat radiation to the air
- FIG. 15B is a schematic diagram in which the equivalent thermal circuit shown in FIG. FIG.
- the heat radiation to the air can be expressed by the calorific value q.
- the calorific value q is expressed as follows.
- h C is the convective heat transfer coefficient
- h S is the radiant heat transfer coefficient
- S is the area of the heat transfer surface (contact surface with air)
- Ta is the air temperature
- h C and h S are the equations shown in FIG. Is calculated by
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram in which an equivalent heat circuit that expresses heat generation and heat transfer in the two-dimensional direction in the heat transfer section 5, the thermosetting material H, and the temperature control section 4 is formed into a block diagram.
- the equivalent heat circuit expressing heat generation and heat transfer in the two-dimensional direction in the heat transfer unit 5, the thermosetting material H, and the temperature control unit 4 is an equivalent heat circuit of the heat transfer unit 5. It can be represented by a combination of a block, a block of an equivalent thermal circuit of the thermosetting material H, a block of an equivalent thermal circuit expressing heat radiation to the air, and a temperature source T C (corresponding to the temperature control unit 4). .
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the molding apparatus 1a according to the present embodiment.
- the temperature control unit 4 includes a temperature detection unit (detection unit) 43, and based on the temperature of the heat transfer unit 5 detected by the temperature detection unit 43, the heating and cooling unit 42
- the main difference from the molding apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment is that feedback control is performed.
- the temperature detection unit 43 detects the temperature of at least one of the heat transfer unit 5 and the heating / cooling unit 42. In the present embodiment, the temperature detection unit 43 detects the temperature of the heat transfer unit 5 and outputs the detected temperature of the heat transfer unit 5 to the temperature control unit 41.
- the temperature control means 41 controls the heating / cooling output of the heating / cooling section 42.
- the heating / cooling unit 42 is moved to bring the detected temperature closer to the induction temperature.
- Perform feedback control That is, a feedback control method such as PID is used with the heating / cooling unit 42 as an actuator, the heating / cooling output of the heating / cooling unit 42 as a control input, and the detected temperature as a control target.
- the upper limit of the heating / cooling rate of the heating / cooling unit 42 to be realized is determined by the maximum capacity of the heating / cooling output of the heating / cooling unit 42.
- the predicting means 31 simulates the time transition of the temperature and the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H in the molding process by the DSC measurement, the equivalent thermal circuit, and the initial temperature control sequence.
- FIG. 18 is an equivalent heat circuit expressing heat generation and heat transfer in the one-dimensional direction in the heat transfer section 5, the thermosetting material H, and the temperature control section 4.
- the temperature control means 41 controls the heat generation amount by feedback control in order to induce the temperature of the heat transfer section 5 to a desired temperature. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, in the equivalent thermal circuit, the temperature control unit 4 is expressed as a heat flow source.
- FIG. 19 is a table defining an initial temperature control sequence. As shown in FIG. 19, the initial temperature control sequence is provided with various programs for controlling the temperature.
- the initial temperature control sequence includes temperature control steps 1 to 3, and each temperature control step is defined by a target temperature, a trigger temperature, and an elapsed time.
- Each temperature control step is completed after an elapsed time after the detected temperature reaches the trigger temperature. Moreover, the temperature control step to which the trigger temperature is not given is completed after an elapsed time from the start of the step.
- FIG. 20A is a schematic diagram illustrating a temperature change profile of the induction temperature corresponding to the initial temperature control sequence illustrated in FIG. 19, and FIG. 20B is a detection detected by the temperature detection unit 43. It is a schematic diagram which shows the temperature change profile of temperature. As shown in FIG. 20A, the change to the target temperature is stepped in the graph of the induction temperature. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 20 (b), the detected temperature requires a delay time, and the temperature rising / falling speed approaches the induction temperature with the above-mentioned upper limit. Therefore, the temperature rising / falling speed is further reduced.
- the correcting means 32 corrects the initial temperature control sequence so as to reduce the temperature rising rate during heating.
- FIG. 21 is a table defining a temperature control sequence after correction. As shown in FIG. 21, the correcting means 32 corrects the initial temperature sequence by subdividing the temperature control step and defining the shift temperature so that the heating rate during heating is low.
- FIG. 22A is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the induction temperature corresponding to the corrected temperature control sequence shown in FIG. 21, and FIG. 22B is detected by the temperature detection unit 43. It is a schematic diagram which shows the temperature change profile of detected temperature.
- the correction unit 32 corrects the initial temperature control sequence so as to avoid the convergence time at the time of transition to the temperature control step and shorten the molding process time by setting a trigger temperature different from the target temperature. .
- FIG. 23 is another table that defines the corrected temperature control sequence.
- the correction means 32 subdivides the temperature control step so as to lower the temperature increase rate during heating, defines the shift temperature, and sets a trigger temperature different from the target temperature. To correct the initial temperature sequence.
- FIG. 24A is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the induction temperature corresponding to the corrected temperature control sequence shown in FIG. 23, and FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the temperature change profile of detected temperature.
- a trigger temperature different from the target temperature is set as shown in FIG. 24 (a) and FIG. 24 (b).
- the timing variation of the temperature control step transition due to the surrounding environment air temperature, cooling water temperature, etc.
- the molding process conditions for each molding shot Can be made uniform, and variations in molding accuracy can be reduced.
- the correcting means 32 is such that when the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H takes a certain value of 0.05 or more and 0.2 or less, the temperature of the thermosetting material H is the gelation temperature, Among the temperature control steps, the temperature control step including the time when the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 becomes the gelation temperature is changed into two temperature control steps before the time when the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 becomes the gelation temperature. It is preferable to modify the initial temperature control sequence by dividing. By dividing the temperature control step in this way and shortening the temperature control step including the gelation temperature at which the curing reaction proceeds most rapidly on the characteristics of the reaction rate equation, the time for the low temperature increase rate is shortened. It becomes possible.
- the correction means 32 has a gelation temperature as the temperature of the thermosetting material H.
- the temperature control step including the time when the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 becomes the gelation temperature is changed into two temperature control steps after the time when the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 becomes the gelation temperature. It is preferable to modify the initial temperature control sequence by dividing. By dividing the temperature control step in this way and shortening the temperature control step including the gelation temperature at which the curing reaction proceeds most rapidly on the characteristics of the reaction rate equation, the time for the low temperature increase rate is shortened. It becomes possible.
- the correction means 32 is the heating capability of a temperature control means, when the temperature change rate is not given about the temperature control step including the time when the temperature of the temperature control part 4 turns into gelation temperature among temperature control steps. If a value lower than the limit value given by is given and a temperature change rate is given, it is preferable to modify the initial temperature control sequence by reducing the temperature change rate. Thereby, since it becomes possible to make low the temperature increase rate of the thermosetting material H in the temperature control step including the time of becoming gelation temperature, the thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H can be suppressed easily. .
- the correction means 32 corrects the temperature control sequence by reducing the target temperature for the temperature control step including the time when the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 becomes the gelation temperature among the temperature control steps. Thereby, since it becomes possible to make low the temperature increase rate of the thermosetting material H in the temperature control step including the time of becoming gelation temperature, the thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H can be suppressed easily. .
- This embodiment is mainly different from Embodiment 1 in that reaction parameters are determined by isothermal DSC measurement.
- FIG. 25 shows the temperature of the heat flow from the thermosetting material H obtained as a result of DSC measurement of the thermosetting material H at a heating rate of 10 K / min. It is a graph which shows an example of the dependence with respect to. For example, by connecting two points (50 ° C. and 265 ° C. in the figure) that can be regarded as the calorific value of the thermosetting material H as a baseline, and subtracting the heat capacity of the thermosetting material H and heat consumption due to heat dissipation The total heat generation density of the thermosetting material H can be determined to be 410 J / g.
- the predicting means 31 has the following formula for the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H:
- thermosetting material H ⁇ curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material H t: time T: absolute temperature of the thermosetting material H A 1 , T 1 , A 2 , T 2 , m , N: reaction parameters specific to thermosetting material H, K 1 , K 2 : results of isothermal DSC measurement to obtain reaction parameters when assumed to be represented by reaction parameters determined by thermosetting material H and temperature Is used.
- reaction parameter is determined in consideration of the following matters.
- FIG. 26 (a) to FIG. 26 (e) are graphs showing an example of temporal changes in the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate obtained as a result of isothermal DSC measurement of a sample at a constant temperature. ) Shows the time change of the curing reaction rate and curing reaction rate obtained as a result of isothermal DSC measurement of the sample at a constant temperature of 60 ° C., and FIG. 26B shows the result of isothermal DSC measurement of the sample at a constant temperature of 70 ° C. 26 shows the time change of the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate.
- FIG. 26 (a) to FIG. 26 (e) are graphs showing an example of temporal changes in the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate obtained as a result of isothermal DSC measurement of a sample at a constant temperature.
- 26C shows the time change of the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate obtained as a result of isothermal DSC measurement of the sample at a constant temperature of 80 ° C.
- D shows the time change of the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate obtained as a result of isothermal DSC measurement of the sample at a constant temperature of 90 ° C.
- e shows the sample at a constant temperature of 100 ° C. It shows the time variations of the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction ratio obtained as a result of measuring temperature DSC.
- FIG. 28 (a) to 28 (c) are graphs showing an example of changes in the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate at a constant temperature rising rate, and FIG. 28 (a) is a temperature rising rate of 10 K / min.
- FIG. 28 (b) shows the change in the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate of the sample at a temperature rising rate of 20 K / min
- FIG. 28 (c) shows the change in the curing reaction rate and the curing reaction rate of the sample. It shows changes in the curing reaction rate and curing reaction rate of the sample at a heating rate of 40 K / min.
- reaction parameter A 1 , T 1 , A 2, and T 2 from the Arrhenius plot of the parameters K 1 and K 2 , the number of parameters to be determined at a time decreases, so that the reaction parameter A 1 , T 1 , A 2 , T 2 , m, n can be determined.
- FIG. 29 is a table defining an initial temperature control sequence
- FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the temperature controller 4 corresponding to the initial temperature control sequence shown in FIG. It is.
- the initial temperature control sequence shown in FIG. 29 is the same as the initial temperature control sequence shown in FIG.
- the predicting means 31 uses the reaction parameters determined as described above, the equivalent thermal circuit, and the initial temperature control sequence, and by thermal response simulation, the curing reaction rate ⁇ of the thermosetting material H, the curing reaction rate d ⁇ / dt, And the time transition of the absolute temperature T is calculated.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing a thermal response simulation result by the predicting means 31. As shown in FIG. 31, when the initial temperature control sequence is executed, the curing reaction speed of the thermosetting material H rapidly increases around 130 seconds, and thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H due to overheating may occur. It can be obtained from the thermal response simulation result of the predicting means 31.
- thermosetting material H based on the thermal response simulation result
- the maximum value of the curing reaction rate is 7.573 / s
- the final curing reaction rate is 0.982.
- correction of temperature control sequence The correction means 32 is based on the thermal response simulation result of the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material H and the curing reaction rate predicted by the prediction means 31, and the thermosetting material by overheating.
- the initial temperature control sequence is modified so that thermal runaway of H is suppressed.
- FIG. 32 is a table defining a temperature control sequence after correction. As shown in FIG. 32, the correcting means 32 subdivides the temperature control step so that the rate of temperature increase in the temperature zone where the thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H occurs in the thermal response simulation result of the predicting means 31 becomes low. And the initial temperature sequence is corrected by defining the shift temperature.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change profile of the temperature control unit 4 corresponding to the temperature control sequence after correction shown in FIG. 32, and FIG. 34 shows the temperature control sequence after correction shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the thermal response simulation result at the time of performing.
- the temperature of the temperature control unit 4 changes like the temperature change profile shown in FIG. 33, and the thermosetting property in the thermal response simulation result of the predicting means 31.
- the rate of temperature increase in the temperature range in which the thermal runaway of the material H has occurred is low.
- the temperature change rate in the temperature zone 110 ° C. to 130 ° C. including the temperature 114.7 ° C. at which the curing reaction rate becomes 0.1 and the temperature 124.7 ° C. at which the curing reaction rate becomes 0.2 is 1 Reduced from 0.0 K / s to 0.2 K / s.
- the thermal runaway of the thermosetting material H due to overheating can be suppressed by executing the corrected temperature control sequence.
- the maximum value of the excessive temperature rise of the thermosetting material H in the corrected temperature control sequence is 0.0 K
- the maximum value of the curing reaction rate is 0.045 / s
- the final curing reaction rate is 0.978. .
- thermosetting material H while easily determining reaction parameters by isothermal DSC measurement, thermal runaway in the molding process of the thermosetting material H is suppressed, and physical properties unevenness, distortion, residual stress and The shaping
- a method for obtaining the minimum value of a multivariable function such as f (x 1 , x 2 ,..., X n )
- a method for obtaining the minimum value of a multivariable function such as f (x 1 , x 2 ,..., X n )
- Newton-Raphson method steepest descent method, conjugate gradient method, golden section method, etc.
- a known method can be used.
- the correction unit 32 selects a step number and an item (target temperature / temperature change rate / elapsed time) from the temperature control sequence, A parameter to be a variable is specified, and a variable group is configured by one or more variables.
- FIG. 35 is an example of a table defining a temperature control sequence
- FIG. 36 is a table showing an example of a variable group configured based on the temperature control sequence shown in FIG.
- the correction means 32 constitutes a variable group by one or more variables in which the step number of the temperature control step and the target temperature, temperature change rate or elapsed time in the temperature control step are specified. Assuming that the temperature control sequence shown in FIG. 35 is given, the variable group shown in FIG. 1 is a variable based on a combination of step number 3 and the target temperature. 2 is a variable based on a combination of step number 3 and temperature change. 3 is a variable by a combination of step number 4 and the target temperature.
- the correcting unit 32 configures a merit function in which operands selected from the operand candidates are ranked in the order of operation.
- the merit function is composed of one or more consecutive operands arranged in the order of operation, evaluated in the order of arrangement, performs a predetermined operation for each operand, and returns the function value at that point after the operation by the last operand. It is a function.
- FIG. 37 is a table showing an example of operand candidates.
- v i is the current value
- t i is the target value
- w i is the weight.
- operand candidates include types of output operands, operation operands, and control operands, and an operation (update condition) is defined for each.
- the output operand is an output value calculated by the thermal response simulation
- the operation operand is an operation using the previously calculated output or the value of the operation operand
- the control operand is a parameter to be input to the thermal response simulation. It is.
- the correction means 32 selects one or more operands from such operand candidates and sets necessary parameters for each operand.
- operand candidates shown in FIG. 37 are merely examples, and it is not necessary to employ all of them in the merit function configuration. Further, other types (functions) may be added to the operand candidates.
- FIG. 38 is an example of a table defining the merit function
- FIG. 39 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of an equivalent thermal circuit for explaining the parameters shown in FIG.
- operand no. 3 (Operation Name: Temperature) In, substituted in the node 2 (see FIG. 39) and the node 1 calculates the maximum value of the temperature difference between (see Figure 39) v 3, substituting the weights 0 to w 3 . Since the weight is 0, operand No. In 3, the merit function f is not updated, and the process shifts to the next operand. Operand No. 3 assumes an excessive temperature rise due to thermal runaway.
- operand no. 4 (Operation name: less than) the, v if 3 is larger than the target value 10, 1 ⁇ to merit function f (v 3 -10) 2 is added to.
- operand no. 5 (Operation name: rate) In substitutes the maximum value of the reaction rate of the block 2 (see Figure 39) to compute v 5, substituting the weights 0 to w 5. Since the weight is 0, operand No. In 5, the merit function f is not updated, and the process proceeds to the next operand.
- Operand No. 7 (operation name: set size), the thickness L of the block 2 is changed to 0.5. Changes made by the control operand apply to all subsequent operands. Operand No. 7 verifies the stability of the thermosetting material H against changes in thickness.
- variable group is changed so that the merit function f updated based on the operation defined for each operand approaches a minimum after the operation by the last operand.
- the temperature control sequence can be corrected using the value of the variable group that brings the updated merit function close to the minimum.
- the correction means 32 can stably combine various operand candidates to create a flexible optimization index, and to be stable against fluctuations in the characteristics of the thermosetting material and the external environment. This makes it possible to set various molding process conditions.
- each block of the molding apparatus 1, in particular, the prediction unit 31, the correction unit 32, and the temperature control unit 41 may be realized in hardware by a logic circuit formed on an integrated circuit (IC chip). Alternatively, it may be realized by software using a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- IC chip integrated circuit
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the molding apparatus 1 includes a CPU that executes instructions of a program that realizes each function, a ROM (Read Memory) that stores the program, a RAM (Random Access Memory) that develops the program, the program, and various types
- a storage device such as a memory for storing data is provided.
- An object of the present invention is a recording medium in which a program code (execution format program, intermediate code program, source program) of a control program of the molding apparatus 1 which is software that realizes the above-described functions is recorded so as to be readable by a computer. This can also be achieved by supplying the molding apparatus 1 and reading and executing the program code recorded on the recording medium by the computer (or CPU or MPU).
- Examples of the recording medium include non-transitory tangible media, such as magnetic tapes and cassette tapes, magnetic disks such as floppy (registered trademark) disks / hard disks, and CD-ROM / MO.
- Discs including optical disks such as / MD / DVD / CD-R, cards such as IC cards (including memory cards) / optical cards, and semiconductor memories such as mask ROM / EPROM / EEPROM (registered trademark) / flash ROM
- logic circuits such as PLD (Programmable logic device) and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate array) can be used.
- the molding apparatus 1 may be configured to be connectable to a communication network, and the program code may be supplied via the communication network.
- the communication network is not particularly limited as long as it can transmit the program code.
- the Internet intranet, extranet, LAN, ISDN, VAN, CATV communication network, virtual private network (Virtual Private Network), telephone line network, mobile communication network, satellite communication network, etc. can be used.
- the transmission medium constituting the communication network may be any medium that can transmit the program code, and is not limited to a specific configuration or type.
- wired lines such as IEEE1394, USB, power line carrier, cable TV line, telephone line, ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) line, infrared rays such as IrDA and remote control, Bluetooth (registered trademark), IEEE 802.11 wireless, HDR ( It can also be used by wireless such as High Data Rate, NFC (Near Field Communication), DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance), mobile phone network, satellite line, terrestrial digital network.
- the present invention can also be realized in the form of a computer data signal embedded in a carrier wave in which the program code is embodied by electronic transmission.
- a temperature control sequence determination device includes a heat transfer unit that performs heat exchange with an object formed from a thermosetting material, and the temperature control sequence determination device.
- a temperature control sequence determining apparatus that corrects a temperature control sequence that is applied to a molding apparatus including a temperature control section that controls a temperature of a hot section, and that specifies an operation of the temperature control section, the molding process of the object
- Predicting means for predicting the time transition of the temperature and curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material in the above, and the temperature control based on the temperature transition of the thermosetting material and the time transition of the curing reaction rate predicted by the predicting means
- thermosetting material ⁇ curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material t: time T: absolute temperature of the thermosetting material A 1 , T 1 , A 2 , T 2 , m , N: reaction parameter specific to the thermosetting material, the following calculation formula for calculating the calorific value of the thermosetting material;
- thermosetting material Total heat generation density specific to the thermosetting material
- M Mass of the thermosetting material Heat generation in the thermosetting material, the heat transfer unit, and the temperature control unit
- an equivalent heat circuit that equivalently represents heat transfer by a combination selected from a temperature source, a heat flow source, a thermal resistance and a heat capacity, and the temperature control sequence before correction, and the temperature control sequence according to the temperature control sequence.
- the predicting means includes a calculation formula for calculating the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material, a calculation formula for calculating the heat generation amount of the thermosetting material, the heat generation in the thermosetting material and the heat transfer section, and Using the equivalent thermal circuit that equivalently represents heat transfer and the temperature control sequence that specifies the operation of the temperature controller, the temperature of the thermosetting material and the time course of the curing reaction rate during the molding process of the object are preliminarily determined. To predict. Then, based on the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material and the curing reaction rate predicted by the prediction unit, the correction unit corrects the temperature control sequence that specifies the operation of the temperature control unit. For this reason, it is possible to start the temperature control of the temperature control unit based on the corrected temperature control sequence.
- thermosetting material capable of suppressing thermal runaway in a molding process of a thermosetting material and suppressing physical property unevenness, distortion, residual stress, strength reduction, and the like of the molded body. Can be realized.
- the predicting unit is configured to calculate the total heat generation density based on a measurement result of differential scanning calorimetry for the thermosetting material under a set of constant heating rate conditions. Q is determined, and the measurement results of differential scanning calorimetry under two or more sets of constant temperature conditions for the thermosetting material are fitted with the calculation formulas of the curing reaction rate and the calorific value for each of the constant temperatures. According to the following equation for the reaction parameters m, n and the respective constant temperatures:
- reaction parameters A 1, T 1, A 2 , T 2, m, and n it is possible to determine easily the reaction parameters A 1, T 1, A 2 , T 2, m, and n.
- the correction unit is configured such that a difference between the temperature of the thermosetting material and the temperature of the temperature control unit is 10 ° C. or less at each time point. It is preferable to modify the temperature control sequence.
- the correcting means corrects the temperature control sequence so that the difference between the temperature of the thermosetting material and the temperature of the temperature control unit is 10 ° C. or less at each time point. Increase in the curing reaction rate and thermal runaway can be suppressed.
- the correction means includes the temperature control sequence so that a curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material is 0.1 / second or less at each time point. Is preferably corrected.
- the correcting means corrects the temperature control sequence so that the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material is 0.1 / second or less at each time point, so that the thermal runaway of the thermosetting material is effectively prevented. Can be suppressed.
- the correction means is configured to adjust the temperature so that a curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material at the time of completion of the temperature control sequence is 0.8 or more. It is preferable to modify the control sequence.
- the correction means corrects the temperature control sequence so that the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material at the time of completion of the temperature control sequence is 0.8 or more.
- the curing reaction rate of the material can be increased.
- the temperature control unit detects a temperature of at least one of a heating / cooling unit that heats or cools itself, and the heat transfer unit and the heating / cooling unit. Further comprising a detection unit, using the temperature of the heat transfer unit or the heating and cooling unit detected by the detection unit as a detection temperature, and controlling the output of the heating and cooling unit to induce the detection temperature to an induction temperature;
- the temperature control sequence before correction is composed of continuous temperature control steps, and a time change program of the induction temperature and a condition for completing the temperature control step are given to each of the temperature control steps. It is preferable that
- the temperature of the heating / cooling unit can be feedback controlled based on the corrected temperature control sequence output from the correcting unit and the detected temperature detected by the detecting unit.
- the temperature control unit changes the induction temperature toward the target temperature at the start of the temperature control step.
- the temperature control unit steps the induction temperature toward the target temperature at the start of the temperature control step. Furthermore, for each of the temperature control steps, an elapsed time of the temperature control step and, optionally, a trigger temperature are given.
- the temperature control unit completes the temperature control step after the elapsed time after the detected temperature reaches the trigger temperature, In the temperature control step in which the trigger temperature is not given, it is preferable that the temperature control unit completes the temperature control step after the elapsed time since the start of the temperature control step.
- the thermosetting material has a curing reaction rate of 0.05 or more and 0.2 or less when the thermosetting material takes a certain value.
- the temperature is set as a gelling temperature
- the correcting means includes a temperature control step including a point in time during which the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by dividing it into two temperature control steps at a time prior to the temperature.
- the rate of temperature rise may be reduced.
- the molding process takes a long time. Therefore, by subdividing into the minimum necessary time zone to prevent thermal runaway, and reducing the temperature increase rate (or lowering the temperature) in the subdivided time zone, the molding process does not take a long time, Thermal runaway can be prevented.
- a correction means is a temperature control step including the time when the temperature of a temperature control part turns into gelling temperature among temperature control steps, and the time before the time when the temperature of a temperature control part becomes gelling temperature.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by dividing it into two temperature control steps.
- the thermosetting material has a curing reaction rate of 0.05 or more and 0.2 or less when the thermosetting material takes a certain value.
- the temperature is set as a gelling temperature
- the correcting means includes a temperature control step including a point in time during which the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by dividing it into two temperature control steps at a time point after the time when the temperature is reached.
- the correcting means includes, among the temperature control steps, the temperature control step including the time point when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature, and the time point after the time when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by dividing it into two temperature control steps. By dividing the temperature control step in this way and shortening the temperature control step including the gelation temperature at which the curing reaction proceeds most rapidly on the characteristics of the reaction rate equation, the time for the low temperature increase rate is shortened. It becomes possible.
- the correction means includes, among the temperature control steps, a temperature control step including a time point when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature.
- a temperature control step including a time point when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature.
- a correction means is a heating-cooling part, when a temperature change rate is not given about the temperature control step including the time when the temperature of a temperature control part turns into gelation temperature among temperature control steps. If a value lower than the limit value due to the heating capacity is given and a temperature change rate is given, the temperature control sequence is corrected by reducing the temperature change rate. As a result, it is possible to reduce the rate of temperature increase of the thermosetting material in the temperature control step including the time when the gelation temperature is reached, so that thermal runaway of the thermosetting material can be easily suppressed.
- the correction means includes, among the temperature control steps, a temperature control step including a time point when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by reducing the target temperature.
- the correcting means corrects the temperature control sequence by reducing the target temperature for the temperature control step including the time when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature among the temperature control steps.
- the rate of temperature increase of the thermosetting material in the temperature control step including the time when the gelation temperature is reached so that thermal runaway of the thermosetting material can be easily suppressed.
- the correction unit corrects the temperature control sequence by giving the trigger temperature different from the target temperature for one or more of the temperature control steps. It is preferable.
- the correction means corrects the temperature control sequence by giving a trigger temperature different from the target temperature, and therefore proceeds to the next temperature control step before the temperature increase / decrease rate decreases for convergence.
- the molding process time can be shortened.
- the correction means specifies the step number of the temperature control step and the target temperature, the temperature change rate, or the elapsed time in the temperature control step.
- a variable group is formed by one or more of the variables that are formed, a merit function in which operands selected from a plurality of operand candidates are ranked in the order of operation is formed, and the merit function defined for each operand is updated.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by updating the merit function based on an update condition for changing the value of the variable group so that the updated merit function approaches a minimum.
- the correcting means configures a variable group by one or more variables in which the step number of the temperature control step and the target temperature, temperature change rate or elapsed time in the temperature control step are specified, A merit function is constructed in which operands selected from operand candidates are ranked in the order of operation. Then, the correction means updates the merit function based on the update condition for updating the merit function defined for each operand, and changes the value of the variable group so that the updated merit function approaches a minimum. Thereby, the temperature control sequence can be corrected using the value of the variable group that brings the updated merit function close to the minimum.
- the correction means can freely combine various operand candidates to create a flexible optimization index, and is stable against fluctuations in the characteristics of the thermosetting material and the external environment.
- the molding process conditions can be set.
- the automatic optimization of the temperature control sequence by a computer is attained.
- a molding apparatus includes the temperature control sequence determination device in order to solve the above-described problem.
- the thermal runaway in the molding process of a thermosetting material can be suppressed, and the shaping
- the temperature control sequence determination device may be realized by a computer.
- a program that causes the computer to realize the control device by operating the computer as each of the above means, and a computer reading that records the program.
- Possible recording media also fall within the scope of the present invention.
- a temperature control sequence determination method includes a heat transfer unit that performs heat exchange with an object formed from a thermosetting material, and the heat transfer unit itself or the above-described heat transfer.
- a temperature control sequence determination method for correcting a temperature control sequence that is applied to a molding apparatus including a temperature control unit that controls a temperature of a hot part, and that specifies an operation of the temperature control unit, the molding process of the object
- the temperature control based on the prediction step of predicting the time transition of the temperature and the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material in the step, and the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material and the curing reaction rate predicted by the prediction step
- thermosetting material ⁇ curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material t: time T: absolute temperature of the thermosetting material A 1 , T 1 , A 2 , T 2 , m , N: reaction parameter specific to the thermosetting material, the following calculation formula for calculating the calorific value of the thermosetting material;
- thermosetting material Total heat generation density specific to the thermosetting material
- M Mass of the thermosetting material
- Heat generation in the thermosetting material, the heat transfer unit, and the temperature control unit An amount of heat and an amount of heat transfer equivalently expressed by a combination selected from a temperature source, a heat flow source, a thermal resistance and a heat capacity, and the temperature control sequence before correction, and the temperature control sequence. The time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material and the curing reaction rate when designating the operation of the temperature control unit is predicted.
- thermosetting material in the prediction step, a calculation formula for calculating the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material, a calculation formula for calculating the calorific value of the thermosetting material, the thermosetting material, the heat transfer section, and the temperature control section.
- the temperature and curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material in the molding process of the object using an equivalent thermal circuit that equivalently expresses the heat generation and heat transfer in and the temperature control sequence that specifies the operation of the temperature controller. Predict time transitions in advance. Then, based on the time transition of the temperature of the thermosetting material and the curing reaction rate predicted in the prediction step, the temperature control sequence that specifies the operation of the temperature control unit is corrected in the correction step. For this reason, it is possible to start the temperature control of the temperature control unit based on the corrected temperature control sequence.
- thermosetting material capable of suppressing thermal runaway in the molding process of the thermosetting material and suppressing physical property unevenness, distortion, residual stress and strength reduction of the molded body. Can be realized.
- the total heat generation density is obtained from a measurement result of differential scanning calorimetry under a set of constant heating rate conditions for the thermosetting material.
- Q is determined, and the measurement results of differential scanning calorimetry under two or more sets of constant temperature conditions for the thermosetting material are fitted with the calculation formulas of the curing reaction rate and the calorific value for each of the constant temperatures. According to the following equation for the reaction parameters m, n and the respective constant temperatures:
- the number of parameters to be determined at a time is reduced, so that the reaction parameters A 1 , T 1 , A 2 , T 2 , m, and n can be easily determined.
- a difference between the temperature of the thermosetting material and the temperature of the temperature control unit is 10 ° C. or less at each time point. It is preferable to modify the temperature control sequence.
- the temperature control sequence is corrected so that the difference between the temperature of the thermosetting material and the temperature of the temperature control unit is 10 ° C. or less at each time point. Increase in the curing reaction rate and thermal runaway can be suppressed.
- the temperature control sequence in the correction step, is set so that a curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material is 0.1 / second or less at each time point. Is preferably corrected.
- the temperature control sequence is corrected so that the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material is 0.1 / second or less at each time point. Can be suppressed.
- the temperature is set so that a curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material at the time of completion of the temperature control sequence is 0.8 or more. It is preferable to modify the control sequence.
- the temperature control sequence is corrected so that the curing reaction rate of the thermosetting material at the time of completion of the temperature control sequence is 0.8 or more.
- the curing reaction rate of the material can be increased.
- the temperature of the heating / cooling unit can be feedback controlled based on the corrected temperature control sequence and the detected temperature detected by the detecting unit.
- the temperature control unit changes the induction temperature toward the target temperature at the start of the temperature control step.
- the temperature control unit steps the induction temperature toward the target temperature at the start of the temperature control step.
- an elapsed time of the temperature control step and, optionally, a trigger temperature are given.
- the temperature control unit completes the temperature control step after the elapsed time after the detected temperature reaches the trigger temperature, In the temperature control step in which the trigger temperature is not given, it is preferable that the temperature control unit completes the temperature control step after the elapsed time since the start of the temperature control step.
- the temperature control unit with an induction temperature of an appropriate profile according to the characteristics of the thermosetting material, and thus it is possible to shorten the molding process time while suppressing thermal runaway. .
- the thermosetting material has a curing reaction rate of 0.05 or more and 0.2 or less when the thermosetting material takes a certain value.
- the temperature control step includes a temperature control step including a time point when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature, and the temperature of the temperature control unit is the gelation temperature.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by dividing it into two temperature control steps at a time prior to the temperature.
- the temperature control step including a time point at which the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature among the temperature control steps, before the time point when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by dividing it into two temperature control steps.
- the thermosetting material has a curing reaction rate of 0.05 or more and 0.2 or less when the thermosetting material takes a certain value.
- the temperature control step includes a temperature control step including a time point when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature, and the temperature of the temperature control unit is the gelation temperature.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by dividing it into two temperature control steps at a time point after the time when the temperature is reached.
- the temperature control step including the time point when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature among the temperature control steps is performed after the time point when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by dividing it into two temperature control steps.
- the temperature control step including a time when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature.
- the temperature change rate is not given, a value lower than the limit value due to the heating capacity of the heating / cooling unit is given, and when the temperature change rate is given, the temperature is reduced by reducing the temperature change rate. It is preferable to modify the control sequence.
- the temperature control step in the temperature control step including a time point at which the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature among the temperature control steps, when the temperature change rate is not given, the heating / cooling unit If a value lower than the limit value due to the heating capacity is given and a temperature change rate is given, the temperature control sequence is corrected by reducing the temperature change rate.
- the rate of temperature increase of the thermosetting material in the temperature control step including the time when the gelation temperature is reached so that thermal runaway of the thermosetting material can be easily suppressed.
- a time point in the temperature control step in which the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature in the temperature control step in which the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature in the temperature control step.
- the temperature control step including, it is preferable to modify the temperature control sequence by reducing the target temperature.
- the temperature control sequence is corrected by reducing the target temperature in the temperature control step including the time when the temperature of the temperature control unit becomes the gelation temperature among the temperature control steps.
- the rate of temperature increase of the thermosetting material in the temperature control step including the time when the gelation temperature is reached so that thermal runaway of the thermosetting material can be easily suppressed.
- the temperature control sequence in the correction step, is corrected by giving the trigger temperature different from the target temperature for one or more of the temperature control steps. It is preferable.
- the temperature control sequence is corrected by giving a trigger temperature different from the target temperature, so the process proceeds to the next temperature control step before the temperature increase / decrease rate decreases for convergence.
- the molding process time can be shortened.
- the step number of the temperature control step and the target temperature, the temperature change rate, or the elapsed time in the temperature control step are specified.
- a variable group is formed by one or more of the variables that are formed, a merit function in which operands selected from a plurality of operand candidates are ranked in the order of operation is formed, and the merit function defined for each operand is updated.
- the temperature control sequence is modified by updating the merit function based on an update condition for changing the value of the variable group so that the updated merit function approaches a minimum.
- a variable group is configured by one or more variables in which the step number of the temperature control step and the target temperature, the temperature change rate or the elapsed time in the temperature control step are specified,
- a merit function is constructed in which operands selected from operand candidates are ranked in the order of operation. Then, the merit function is updated based on the update condition for updating the merit function defined for each operand, and the value of the variable group is changed so that the updated merit function approaches a minimum.
- the temperature control sequence can be corrected using the value of the variable group that brings the updated merit function closer to the minimum.
- the user can freely combine various operand candidates to create a flexible optimization index and a stable molding process against fluctuations in the characteristics of the thermosetting material and the external environment. Conditions can be set. Further, according to the above method, it is possible to automatically optimize the temperature control sequence by the computer.
- the present invention can be suitably used for a molding apparatus for molding by controlling the temperature of an object formed from a thermosetting material.
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Abstract
Description
χ:前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率
t:時間
T:前記熱硬化性材料の絶対温度
A1、T1、A2、T2、m、n:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の反応パラメータ
前記熱硬化性材料の発熱量を算出する下記の計算式と、
Q:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の総発熱密度
M:前記熱硬化性材料の質量
前記熱硬化性材料と前記伝熱部と前記温度制御部とにおける発熱および伝熱を、温度源、熱流源、熱抵抗および熱容量から選択される組み合わせにより等価的に表現する等価熱回路と、修正前の前記温度制御シーケンスと、を用いて、前記温度制御シーケンスにより前記温度制御部の動作を指定する場合の前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測することを特徴とする。
χ:前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率
t:時間
T:前記熱硬化性材料の絶対温度
A1、T1、A2、T2、m、n:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の反応パラメータ
前記熱硬化性材料の発熱量を算出する下記の計算式と、
Q:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の総発熱密度
M:前記熱硬化性材料の質量
前記熱硬化性材料と前記伝熱部と前記温度制御部とにおける発熱量および伝熱量を、温度源、熱流源、熱抵抗および熱容量から選択される組み合わせにより等価的に表現する等価熱回路と、修正前の前記温度制御シーケンスと、を用いて、前記温度制御シーケンスにより前記温度制御部の動作を指定する場合の前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測することを特徴とする。
χ:前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率
t:時間
T:前記熱硬化性材料の絶対温度
A1、T1、A2、T2、m、n:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の反応パラメータ
前記熱硬化性材料の発熱量を算出する下記の計算式と、
Q:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の総発熱密度
M:前記熱硬化性材料の質量
前記熱硬化性材料と前記伝熱部と前記温度制御部とにおける発熱および伝熱を、温度源、熱流源、熱抵抗および熱容量から選択される組み合わせにより等価的に表現する等価熱回路と、修正前の前記温度制御シーケンスと、を用いて、前記温度制御シーケンスにより前記温度制御部の動作を指定する場合の熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測するものである。
χ:前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率
t:時間
T:前記熱硬化性材料の絶対温度
A1、T1、A2、T2、m、n:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の反応パラメータ
前記熱硬化性材料の発熱量を算出する下記の計算式と、
Q:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の総発熱密度
M:前記熱硬化性材料の質量
前記熱硬化性材料と前記伝熱部と前記温度制御部とにおける発熱および伝熱を、温度源、熱流源、熱抵抗および熱容量から選択される組み合わせにより等価的に表現する等価熱回路と、修正前の前記温度制御シーケンスと、を用いて、前記温度制御シーケンスにより前記温度制御部の動作を指定する場合の前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測する方法である。
本発明の実施の一形態について、図1~図16に基づいて説明すれば以下のとおりである。
まず、本実施形態に係る成形装置1の構成について、図1を参照して説明する。
温度制御シーケンス決定部3は、成形プロセスにおける熱硬化性材料Hの温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測し、予測結果に基づいて初期温度制御シーケンスを修正するものである。温度制御シーケンス決定部3は、予測手段31と、修正手段32とを備えている。
予測手段31は、成形プロセスにおける熱硬化性材料Hの温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を、成形プロセスを実行する前に予測するものである。
修正手段32は、予測手段31によって予測された熱硬化性材料Hの温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移の熱応答シミュレーション結果に基づいて、初期温度制御シーケンスを修正するものである。具体的には、修正手段32は、予測手段31から熱応答シミュレーション結果が出力されたとき、該熱応答シミュレーション結果に基づいて、過加熱による熱硬化性材料Hの熱暴走が抑制されるように、初期温度制御シーケンスを修正する。
温度制御部4は、熱硬化性材料Hの温度を制御するためのものである。具体的には、温度制御部4は、入力された温度制御シーケンスに基づいて温度制御部4自身の温度を制御する。そして、伝熱部5を通して熱硬化性材料Hを加熱・冷却することで、熱硬化性材料Hの温度を制御する。すなわち、この温度制御部4は、修正後の温度制御シーケンスによって自身の温度が制御され、伝熱部5を通して熱硬化性材料Hを加熱・冷却することで、熱硬化性材料Hの温度を制御する。温度制御部4は、温度制御手段41と、加熱冷却部42とを備えている。
伝熱部5は、熱硬化性材料Hとの間で熱交換を行うものである。伝熱部5は、例えば、熱伝導率の高い金属からなる金型などである。伝熱部5は、加熱冷却部42によってその温度が調整され、熱硬化性材料Hとの間で熱交換を行う。
本実施形態で成形する熱硬化性材料Hは、例えば、熱伝導率0.2W/K・m、比熱1.5J/K・g、比重1.2g/cm3、厚さ0.8mm程度である。成形装置1では、熱硬化性材料Hに対して伝熱部5と加熱冷却部42とを上下対称に配置しているため、等価熱回路では、熱硬化性材料Hの厚みを0.4mmとし、伝熱部5とは他方の接点を対称境界条件(熱流=0)とする。
次に、予測手段31における処理の詳細について、図2~図9を参照して説明する。
DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimetry:示差走査熱量)測定は、サンプルの温度を一定または連続的に変化させ、各時点での発熱量を測定するものである。一定昇温速度によるDSC測定によれば、熱硬化性材料Hの総発熱密度を求めることができる。
χ:熱硬化性材料Hの硬化反応率
t:時間
T:熱硬化性材料Hの絶対温度
A1、T1、A2、T2、m、n:熱硬化性材料Hに固有の反応パラメータ
さらに、予測手段31は、熱硬化性材料Hの発熱量を下記の計算式を用いて算出する。
Q:熱硬化性材料Hに固有の総発熱密度
M:熱硬化性材料Hの質量
これらの反応パラメータを求めるためには、異なる昇温速度によるDSC測定結果を比較すればよい。
また、予測手段31は、熱硬化性材料Hと伝熱部5と温度制御部4とにおける発熱および伝熱を、温度源、熱流源、熱抵抗および熱容量から選択される組み合わせにより等価的に表現する等価熱回路を構成する。
図7は、初期温度制御シーケンスを定義する表である。図7に示されるように、初期温度制御シーケンスには、温度を制御する各種プログラムが与えられている。初期温度制御シーケンスは、温度制御ステップ1~3からなり、各温度制御ステップは、目標温度、変温速度および、経過時間により規定されている。
そして、予測手段31は、上記のような反応パラメータ、等価熱回路および初期温度制御シーケンスを用いて、熱応答シミュレーションにより、熱硬化性材料Hの硬化反応率χ、硬化反応速度dχ/dt、および絶対温度Tの時間推移を算出する。
次に、修正手段32における処理の詳細について、図10~図12を参照して説明する。
次に、等価熱回路の変形例について、図13~図16を参照して説明する。
本発明の他の実施の一形態について、図17~図24に基づいて説明すれば以下のとおりである。なお、説明の便宜上、上記の実施形態にて説明した図面と同じ機能を有する部材については、同じ符号を付記し、その説明を省略する。
まず、本実施形態に係る成形装置1aの構成について、図17を参照して説明する。図17は、本実施形態に係る成形装置1aの概略構成を示すブロック図である。本実施形態に係る成形装置1aは、温度制御部4が温度検出部(検出部)43を備え、この温度検出部43によって検出された伝熱部5の温度に基づいて、加熱冷却部42のフィードバック制御を行う点において、実施形態1に係る成形装置1と主に異なっている。
温度検出部43は、伝熱部5および加熱冷却部42の少なくとも一方の温度を検出するものである。本実施形態では、温度検出部43は、伝熱部5の温度を検出し、検出した伝熱部5の温度を温度制御手段41に出力する。
温度制御手段41は、加熱冷却部42の加熱・冷却出力を制御するものである。本実施形態では、入力された温度制御シーケンスと、温度検出部43によって検出される伝熱部5の温度(検出温度)とに基づいて、検出温度を誘導温度に近づけるべく、加熱冷却部42へのフィードバック制御を行う。すなわち、加熱冷却部42をアクチュエータ、加熱冷却部42の加熱・冷却出力を制御入力、検出温度を制御対象として、PID等のフィードバック制御方法を用いる。
次に、予測手段31における処理の詳細について、図18を参照して説明する。
次に、修正手段32の処理の詳細について、図19~図24を参照して説明する。
本発明の他の実施の一形態について、図25~図34に基づいて説明すれば以下のとおりである。なお、説明の便宜上、上記の実施形態にて説明した図面と同じ機能を有する部材については、同じ符号を付記し、その説明を省略する。
図25は、昇温速度10K/分で熱硬化性材料HをDSC測定した結果得られる熱硬化性材料Hからの熱流の、温度に対する依存性の一例を示すグラフである。例えば、熱硬化性材料Hの発熱量=0と見なせる2点(図中では、50℃と265℃)を結んでベースラインとし、熱硬化性材料Hの熱容量や放熱による熱消費を差し引くことにより、熱硬化性材料Hの総発熱密度を410J/gと決定することができる。
予測手段31は、熱硬化性材料Hの硬化反応速度が下記の計算式
χ:熱硬化性材料Hの硬化反応率
t:時間
T:熱硬化性材料Hの絶対温度
A1、T1、A2、T2、m、n:熱硬化性材料Hに固有の反応パラメータ
K1、K2:熱硬化性材料Hと温度で決まる反応パラメータ
で表されると仮定したときの反応パラメータを求めるため、等温DSC測定の結果を用いる。
次に、異なる温度(60℃~100℃)でのK1、K2の値をアレニウスプロットする。
図29は、初期温度制御シーケンスを定義する表であり、図30は、図29に示される初期温度制御シーケンスに対応する、温度制御部4の温度変化プロファイルを示す模式図である。なお、図29に示される初期温度制御シーケンスは、図7で示される初期温度制御シーケンスと同一である。
修正手段32は、予測手段31によって予測された熱硬化性材料Hの温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移の熱応答シミュレーション結果に基づいて、過加熱による熱硬化性材料Hの熱暴走が抑制されるように、初期温度制御シーケンスを修正する。
本発明の他の実施の一形態について、図35~図39に基づいて説明すれば以下のとおりである。なお、説明の便宜上、上記の実施形態にて説明した図面と同じ機能を有する部材については、同じ符号を付記し、その説明を省略する。
本実施形態では、修正手段32は、変数群の各変数を変化させ、メリット関数を最小値(または極小値)とするような各変数の値を求める。すなわち、修正手段32は、変数群をx1,x2,…,xn、メリット関数f=f(x1,x2,…,xn)として、f(x1,x2,…,xn)の最小値を求める。或いは、修正手段32は、初期値(x1,x2,…,xn)の近くでのf(x1,x2,…,xn)の極小値を求めることにより、温度制御シーケンスを修正する。
(1)変数群の構成
まず、修正手段32は、温度制御シーケンスからステップ番号および項目(目標温度/変温速度/経過時間のいずれか)を選択することにより、変数とするパラメータを特定し、1つ以上の変数により変数群を構成する。
次に、修正手段32は、オペランド候補の中から選択されたオペランドが動作順に順位付けられたメリット関数を構成する。メリット関数は、動作順に並べられた1つ以上の連続するオペランドにより構成され、並び順に評価されて、オペランドごとに所定の動作を行い、最後のオペランドによる動作後、その時点での関数値を返す関数である。
最後に、成形装置1の各ブロック、特に、予測手段31、修正手段32および温度制御手段41は、集積回路(ICチップ)上に形成された論理回路によってハードウェア的に実現してもよいし、CPU(Central Processing Unit)を用いてソフトウェア的に実現してもよい。
本発明の一態様に係る温度制御シーケンス決定装置は、上記の課題を解決するために、熱硬化性材料から形成される対象物との間で熱交換を行う伝熱部と、自身または前記伝熱部の温度を制御する温度制御部と、を備える成形装置に適用され、前記温度制御部の動作を指定する温度制御シーケンスを修正する温度制御シーケンス決定装置であって、前記対象物の成形過程における前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測する予測手段と、前記予測手段によって予測された前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移に基づいて、前記温度制御シーケンスを、修正する修正手段とを備え、前記予測手段は、前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応速度を算出する下記の計算式と、
χ:前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率
t:時間
T:前記熱硬化性材料の絶対温度
A1、T1、A2、T2、m、n:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の反応パラメータ
前記熱硬化性材料の発熱量を算出する下記の計算式と、
Q:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の総発熱密度
M:前記熱硬化性材料の質量
前記熱硬化性材料と前記伝熱部と前記温度制御部とにおける発熱および伝熱を、温度源、熱流源、熱抵抗および熱容量から選択される組み合わせにより等価的に表現する等価熱回路と、修正前の前記温度制御シーケンスと、を用いて、前記温度制御シーケンスにより前記温度制御部の動作を指定する場合の前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測することを特徴とする。
χ:前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率
t:時間
T:前記熱硬化性材料の絶対温度
A1、T1、A2、T2、m、n:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の反応パラメータ
前記熱硬化性材料の発熱量を算出する下記の計算式と、
Q:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の総発熱密度
M:前記熱硬化性材料の質量
前記熱硬化性材料と前記伝熱部と前記温度制御部とにおける発熱量および伝熱量を、温度源、熱流源、熱抵抗および熱容量から選択される組み合わせにより等価的に表現する等価熱回路と、修正前の前記温度制御シーケンスと、を用いて、前記温度制御シーケンスにより前記温度制御部の動作を指定する場合の前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測することを特徴とする。
1a 成形装置
3 温度制御シーケンス決定部(温度制御シーケンス決定装置)
4 温度制御部
5 伝熱部
31 予測手段
32 修正手段
41 温度制御手段
42 加熱冷却部
43 温度検出部(検出部)
Claims (29)
- 熱硬化性材料から形成される対象物との間で熱交換を行う伝熱部と、
自身または前記伝熱部の温度を制御する温度制御部と、
を備える成形装置に適用され、
前記温度制御部の動作を指定する温度制御シーケンスを修正する温度制御シーケンス決定装置であって、
前記対象物の成形過程における前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測する予測手段と、
前記予測手段によって予測された前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移に基づいて、前記温度制御シーケンスを、修正する修正手段とを備え、
前記予測手段は、
前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応速度を算出する下記の計算式と、
χ:前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率
t:時間
T:前記熱硬化性材料の絶対温度
A1、T1、A2、T2、m、n:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の反応パラメータ
前記熱硬化性材料の発熱量を算出する下記の計算式と、
Q:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の総発熱密度
M:前記熱硬化性材料の質量
前記熱硬化性材料と前記伝熱部と前記温度制御部とにおける発熱および伝熱を、温度源、熱流源、熱抵抗および熱容量から選択される組み合わせにより等価的に表現する等価熱回路と、
修正前の前記温度制御シーケンスと、
を用いて、前記温度制御シーケンスにより前記温度制御部の動作を指定する場合の前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測することを特徴とする温度制御シーケンス決定装置。 - 前記予測手段は、
前記熱硬化性材料に対する、1組の一定昇温速度条件による示差走査熱量測定の測定結果から、前記総発熱密度Qを決定し、
前記熱硬化性材料に対する、2組以上の一定温度条件による示差走査熱量測定の測定結果を、各々の前記一定温度について前記硬化反応速度および前記発熱量の計算式でフィッティングすることにより、前記反応パラメータm、nおよび、それぞれの前記一定温度についての下記の計算式
前記パラメータK1およびK2のアレニウスプロットから前記反応パラメータA1、T1、A2およびT2を決定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。 - 前記修正手段は、前記熱硬化性材料の温度と前記温度制御部の温度との差が、各時点において10℃以下となるように前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。
- 前記修正手段は、前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応速度が、各時点において0.1/秒以下となるように、前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。
- 前記修正手段は、前記温度制御シーケンスの完了時点における前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率が、0.8以上となるように前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。
- 前記温度制御部は、自身を加熱または冷却する加熱冷却部と、前記伝熱部および前記加熱冷却部の少なくとも一方の温度を検出する検出部をさらに備え、前記検出部によって検出される前記伝熱部または前記加熱冷却部の温度を検出温度として、前記検出温度を誘導温度に誘導するために前記加熱冷却部の出力を制御し、
修正前の前記温度制御シーケンスは、連続する温度制御ステップから構成されており、
前記温度制御ステップのそれぞれに対して、前記誘導温度の時間変化プログラムと、前記温度制御ステップを完了する条件とが与えられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。 - 前記温度制御ステップのそれぞれに対して、前記温度制御ステップごとの目標温度と、選択的に、前記誘導温度を変化させる変温速度とが与えられており、
前記変温速度が与えられている前記温度制御ステップにおいては、前記温度制御部は、該温度制御ステップの開始とともに、前記目標温度に向けて、前記誘導温度を前記変温速度により連続的に変化させ、
前記変温速度が与えられていない前記温度制御ステップにおいては、前記温度制御部は、該温度制御ステップの開始とともに、前記目標温度に向けて、前記誘導温度を階段状に変化させ、
さらに、前記温度制御ステップのそれぞれに対して、該温度制御ステップの経過時間と、選択的に、トリガ温度とが与えられており、
前記トリガ温度が与えられている前記温度制御ステップにおいては、前記温度制御部は、前記検出温度が前記トリガ温度に到達してから前記経過時間の後、該温度制御ステップを完了し、
前記トリガ温度が与えられていない前記温度制御ステップにおいては、前記温度制御部は、前記温度制御ステップを開始してから前記経過時間の後、該温度制御ステップを完了することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。 - 前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率が、0.05以上0.2以下の或る値をとる時点での前記熱硬化性材料の温度をゲル化温度とし、
前記修正手段は、前記温度制御ステップのうち、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点を含む温度制御ステップを、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点以前の時点で、2つの温度制御ステップに分割することにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。 - 前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率が、0.05以上0.2以下の或る値をとる時点での前記熱硬化性材料の温度をゲル化温度とし、
前記修正手段は、前記温度制御ステップのうち、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点を含む温度制御ステップを、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点以後の時点で、2つの温度制御ステップに分割することにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。 - 前記修正手段は、前記温度制御ステップのうち、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点を含む温度制御ステップについて、前記変温速度が与えられていない場合は、前記加熱冷却部の加熱能力による限界値より低い値を与え、前記変温速度が与えられている場合は、該変温速度を低減することにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。
- 前記修正手段は、前記温度制御ステップのうち、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点を含む温度制御ステップについて、前記目標温度を低減することにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。
- 前記修正手段は、1つ以上の前記温度制御ステップについて、前記目標温度と異なる前記トリガ温度を与えることにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項7から11のいずれか1項に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。
- 前記修正手段は、
前記温度制御ステップのステップ番号と、該温度制御ステップにおける前記目標温度、前記変温速度または前記経過時間とが特定された1つ以上の変数により変数群を構成し、
複数のオペランド候補の中から選択されたオペランドが動作順に順位付けられたメリット関数を構成し、
前記オペランドごとに規定されたメリット関数を更新するための更新条件に基づいて前記メリット関数を更新し、更新後の前記メリット関数が極小に近づくように前記変数群の値を変化させることにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置。 - 請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置を備えることを特徴とする成形装置。
- 請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定装置が備えている各手段としてコンピュータを動作させるためのプログラム。
- 請求項15に記載のプログラムを記録しているコンピュータ読取り可能な記録媒体。
- 熱硬化性材料から形成される対象物との間で熱交換を行う伝熱部と、
自身または前記伝熱部の温度を制御する温度制御部と、
を備える成形装置に適用され、
前記温度制御部の動作を指定する温度制御シーケンスを修正する温度制御シーケンス決定方法であって、
前記対象物の成形過程における前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測する予測工程と、
前記予測工程によって予測された前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移に基づいて、前記温度制御シーケンスを、修正する修正工程とを含み、
前記予測工程は、
前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応速度を算出する下記の計算式と、
χ:前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率
t:時間
T:前記熱硬化性材料の絶対温度
A1、T1、A2、T2、m、n:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の反応パラメータ
前記熱硬化性材料の発熱量を算出する下記の計算式と、
Q:前記熱硬化性材料に固有の総発熱密度
M:前記熱硬化性材料の質量
前記熱硬化性材料と前記伝熱部と前記温度制御部とにおける発熱および伝熱を、温度源、熱流源、熱抵抗および熱容量から選択される組み合わせにより等価的に表現する等価熱回路と、
修正前の前記温度制御シーケンスと、
を用いて、前記温度制御シーケンスにより前記温度制御部の動作を指定する場合の前記熱硬化性材料の温度および硬化反応速度の時間推移を予測することを特徴とする温度制御シーケンス決定方法。 - 前記予測工程において、
前記熱硬化性材料に対する、1組の一定昇温速度条件による示差走査熱量測定の測定結果から、前記総発熱密度Qを決定し、
前記熱硬化性材料に対する、2組以上の一定温度条件による示差走査熱量測定の測定結果を、各々の前記一定温度について前記硬化反応速度および前記発熱量の計算式でフィッティングすることにより、前記反応パラメータm、nおよび、それぞれの前記一定温度についての下記の計算式
前記パラメータK1およびK2のアレニウスプロットから前記反応パラメータA1、T1、A2およびT2を決定することを特徴とする請求項17に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。 - 前記修正工程において、前記熱硬化性材料の温度と前記温度制御部の温度との差が、各時点において10℃以下となるように前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項17または18に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。
- 前記修正工程において、前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応速度が、各時点において0.1/秒以下となるように、前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項17から19のいずれか1項に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。
- 前記修正工程において、前記温度制御シーケンスの完了時点における前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率が、0.8以上となるように前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項17から20のいずれか1項に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。
- 前記温度制御部は、自身を加熱または冷却する加熱冷却部と、前記伝熱部および前記加熱冷却部の少なくとも一方の温度を検出する検出部をさらに備え、前記検出部によって検出される前記伝熱部または前記加熱冷却部の温度を検出温度として、前記検出温度を誘導温度に誘導するために前記加熱冷却部の出力を制御し、
修正前の前記温度制御シーケンスは、連続する温度制御ステップから構成されており、
前記温度制御ステップのそれぞれに対して、前記誘導温度の時間変化プログラムと、前記温度制御ステップを完了する条件とが与えられていることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。 - 前記温度制御ステップのそれぞれに対して、前記温度制御ステップごとの目標温度と、選択的に、前記誘導温度を変化させる変温速度とが与えられており、
前記変温速度が与えられている前記温度制御ステップにおいては、前記温度制御部は、該温度制御ステップの開始とともに、前記目標温度に向けて、前記誘導温度を前記変温速度により連続的に変化させ、
前記変温速度が与えられていない前記温度制御ステップにおいては、前記温度制御部は、該温度制御ステップの開始とともに、前記目標温度に向けて、前記誘導温度を階段状に変化させ、
さらに、前記温度制御ステップのそれぞれに対して、該温度制御ステップの経過時間と、選択的に、トリガ温度とが与えられており、
前記トリガ温度が与えられている前記温度制御ステップにおいては、前記温度制御部は、前記検出温度が前記トリガ温度に到達してから前記経過時間の後、該温度制御ステップを完了し、
前記トリガ温度が与えられていない前記温度制御ステップにおいては、前記温度制御部は、前記温度制御ステップを開始してから前記経過時間の後、該温度制御ステップを完了することを特徴とする請求項22に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。 - 前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率が、0.05以上0.2以下の或る値をとる時点での前記熱硬化性材料の温度をゲル化温度とし、
前記修正工程において、前記温度制御ステップのうち、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点を含む温度制御ステップを、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点以前の時点で、2つの温度制御ステップに分割することにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項23に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。 - 前記熱硬化性材料の硬化反応率が、0.05以上0.2以下の或る値をとる時点での前記熱硬化性材料の温度をゲル化温度とし、
前記修正工程において、前記温度制御ステップのうち、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点を含む温度制御ステップを、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点以後の時点で、2つの温度制御ステップに分割することにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項23に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。 - 前記修正工程において、前記温度制御ステップのうち、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点を含む温度制御ステップについて、前記変温速度が与えられていない場合は、前記加熱冷却部の加熱能力による限界値より低い値を与え、前記変温速度が与えられている場合は、該変温速度を低減することにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項24または25に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。
- 前記修正工程において、前記温度制御ステップのうち、前記温度制御部の温度が前記ゲル化温度となる時点を含む温度制御ステップについて、前記目標温度を低減することにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項24から26のいずれか1項に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。
- 前記修正工程において、1つ以上の前記温度制御ステップについて、前記目標温度と異なる前記トリガ温度を与えることにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項23から27のいずれか1項に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。
- 前記修正工程において、
前記温度制御ステップのステップ番号と、該温度制御ステップにおける前記目標温度、前記変温速度または前記経過時間とが特定された1つ以上の変数により変数群を構成し、
複数のオペランド候補の中から選択されたオペランドが動作順に順位付けられたメリット関数を構成し、
前記オペランドごとに規定されたメリット関数を更新するための更新条件に基づいて前記メリット関数を更新し、更新後の前記メリット関数が極小に近づくように前記変数群の値を変化させることにより前記温度制御シーケンスを修正することを特徴とする請求項23に記載の温度制御シーケンス決定方法。
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