WO2014036804A1 - 一种丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法 - Google Patents

一种丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2014036804A1
WO2014036804A1 PCT/CN2013/001000 CN2013001000W WO2014036804A1 WO 2014036804 A1 WO2014036804 A1 WO 2014036804A1 CN 2013001000 W CN2013001000 W CN 2013001000W WO 2014036804 A1 WO2014036804 A1 WO 2014036804A1
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wastewater
polymerization
acrylonitrile
biological
pretreatment
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马克存
杜龙弟
邵正宏
陈刚
李嘉平
刘小健
陈福霞
王薇
王桂芝
王斯晗
陈连谱
阚双
刘红岩
刘永和
马建英
郭丽娜
刘忠恩
曾化勇
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C02F1/5245Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/722Oxidation by peroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/34Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
    • C02F2103/36Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
    • C02F2103/38Polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/026Fenton's reagent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1205Particular type of activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1215Combinations of activated sludge treatment with precipitation, flocculation, coagulation and separation of phosphates
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for treating acrylonitrile and its polymerization wastewater discharged during the production of acrylic fibers.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION - Acrylonitrile is the most basic raw material in the production of acrylic fiber.
  • acrylic fiber production enterprises in China are equipped with acrylonitrile production facilities, but most enterprises basically concentrate the production wastewater discharged from acrylonitrile and acrylic devices. Process it.
  • These large waste water, many species, composition and quality difference is also larger, resulting in wastewater treatment effect generally poor, final effluent COD & far beyond the 8978-1996 GB emission standards.
  • a large amount of data indicates that acrylonitrile and acrylic fiber production wastewater is difficult to meet the standard discharge due to a large amount of difficult biodegradable substances contained in acrylonitrile and its polymerization wastewater.
  • Ke Xiaoming compared the effects of different processes or process combinations on the treatment of acrylic fiber wastewater.
  • the results show that: spinning wastewater and recycled wastewater are biodegradable wastewater, which can reach the first-class emission standard by simple flocculation and biological treatment.
  • the polymerization wastewater belongs to the difficult biodegradable wastewater.
  • the COD removal rate is 51 ⁇ 56%.
  • the flocculation-aerobic biological process is used, the COD removal rate is increased to 54 ⁇ 59%.
  • the A/0 process is basically the same as the aerobic biochemical process.
  • the effluent COD far exceeds the emission standard, which also indicates that the anaerobic hydrolysis process cannot decompose the non-biodegradable substances in the wastewater.
  • Hu Bo et al. used polyaluminum and cationic polyacrylamide to coagulate the polymerization wastewater.
  • the pretreated wastewater enters the biological treatment device for pretreatment.
  • the effluent COD& is 700 ⁇ 800 mg/L, and the total removal rate of COD is about 30%.
  • Chinese Patent No. CN1539766A discloses a method for treating wastewater from a wet spinning acrylic fiber process.
  • the method uses micro-electrolysis to degrade oligomers in the wastewater of the polymerization section, and is separated by coagulation sedimentation.
  • the wastewater in the polymerization section is mixed with the cyanide-containing wastewater in the spinning and solvent recovery section, and then subjected to hydrolysis acidification, carbonization, nitrification and denitrification. After aeration, the sludge is separated and discharged to discharge the supernatant. From the current practical application situation, the processing effect of this method is not ideal, and the problem is not solved fundamentally.
  • Chinese patent CN1188743A discloses a wet-spinning acrylic fiber industrial integrated wastewater treatment process.
  • the invention divides the wastewater into three streams: the polymerization and spinning recovery wastewater are separately treated by the coagulation air floatation method and the biological contact oxidation method; the treated wastewater and the acrylonitrile and sodium cyanide wastewater are treated. Mix and perform A/0 biochemical denitrification treatment.
  • the acrylic fiber wastewater treated by this process is not up to standard discharge.
  • Chinese patent CN1385380A discloses a method for treating acrylonitrile and acrylic fiber wastewater.
  • the method uses the contact oxidation method of adding carbon black and powdered activated carbon to pretreat the polymerization wastewater; the spinning wastewater is subjected to physicochemical pretreatment by coagulation air flotation method.
  • the pretreated wastewater is mixed with other individual wastewaters and subjected to A/0 biooxidation and denitrification treatment and discharged.
  • this method actually only achieves the discharge of ammonia nitrogen, which is not ideal for COD c J treatment.
  • Zou Donglei et al. used Fenton's reagent oxidation-microelectrolysis-biological contact oxidation process to treat acrylonitrile wastewater.
  • the results showed that under the premise of pH value of wastewater 3 and reaction time of 2 h, the dosage of hydrogen peroxide was 40 mL/L, the concentration of divalent iron ions was 400 mg/L, and the effluent after micro-electrolysis treatment entered the contact. Oxidation stage.
  • the effluent COD& is less than 100 mg/L, which can meet the national first-class standard for acrylonitrile wastewater treatment.
  • the amount of the agent is extremely large, resulting in a sharp increase in processing costs.
  • Li Feng et al. used Fenton oxidation method to pretreat acrylonitrile wastewater.
  • the results showed that when the concentration of AN was 300 mg/L, Fe 2+ and 3 ⁇ 40 2 were 400 mg/L and 400 mg, respectively. /L, the reaction pH is 3, the reaction time is 3 ⁇ 15 min, the AN removal rate is over 80%, and it is found that UV and C 2 0 4 2 - have a good synergistic effect on the oxidation of Fenton reagent, but the method is due to the medicament
  • the amount of use is extremely large, resulting in a sharp increase in processing costs, and industrial application is more difficult.
  • Yinchangxin used a combination of Fenton fluidized bed and biological contact oxidation method to study the biochemical effluent of acrylic fiber wastewater.
  • the fluidized bed Fenton oxidation method utilizes FeOOH crystals (crystals produced by the surface of the quartz sand support in the fluidized bed reaction tank of trivalent iron) as a catalyst for the 3 ⁇ 40 2 , which greatly reduces the amount of Fe 2+ catalyst, thereby reducing the operation. Cost and sludge production.
  • the method has a large amount of water, a large scale of the device, and a long process, thereby affecting its industrial application.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an efficient and low cost process for treating acrylonitrile and its polymerization wastewater.
  • the method does not need to adjust the pH of the wastewater in the coagulation and biological pretreatment process, thereby saving the alkali for pH adjustment, and the oxidation treatment process is highly targeted, and the amount of Fenton oxidation reagent can be minimized, so Reduce processing costs.
  • the method for treating acrylonitrile and its polymerization wastewater according to the present invention is pretreated by using a targeted pretreatment measure: First, the polymerization wastewater is subjected to coagulation pretreatment without adjusting the pH, and the removal thereof is removed. Suspended solids and part of COD &; then the clarified polymerization wastewater after coagulation treatment is mixed with acrylonitrile wastewater, and the mixed wastewater is directly subjected to aerobic biological pretreatment to remove biodegradable COD without pH adjustment; The Fenton oxidation method is used to pretreat the biological pretreated water, and the remaining refractory organic matter in the wastewater is completely oxidized and removed, and partial oxidative degradation is converted into easily degradable organic matter, which is beneficial to the subsequent secondary biological treatment. The treated wastewater can be finally treated with secondary biological treatment and discharged to the standard, either alone or in combination with other wastewater.
  • the acrylonitrile polymerization wastewater contains a large amount of suspended matter, which is milky white and turbid, and its pH is usually between 4 and 6.
  • the coagulation pretreatment of the wastewater is adjusted to a pH between 6 and 9.
  • the treated polymerization wastewater is colorless and transparent, wherein the suspended matter is substantially removed, and the COD<>> can also be reduced by 2% to 10%.
  • the coagulation treatment effect of the present invention is substantially equivalent to the coagulation treatment effect under the optimum pH conditions, and the neutralization of the pH adjustment alkali can be saved, and the treatment cost can be reduced.
  • the pH of the polymerization wastewater is between 4 and 6.
  • the coagulant and flocculant used in the coagulation pretreatment process are respectively polyaluminum ferric chloride and polyacrylamide, and the amounts thereof are 100 to 400 mg/L and 1 to 5 mg/L, respectively.
  • the pH of the acrylonitrile and the polymerization mixed wastewater is between 4 and 6.
  • the biological pretreatment process of the mixed wastewater is an aerobic biological treatment process.
  • the aerobic biological treatment process is an activated sludge process or an aerobic biological contact oxidation process, preferably an aerobic biological contact oxidation process.
  • the present invention proposes that the above-mentioned different technical route is based on the following considerations: Acrylonitrile and its polymerization wastewater contain a large amount of nitrogen-containing organic matter, and after treatment, the nitrogen of these nitrogen-containing organic substances is converted into ammonia nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen is alkaline. Substance It will regulate the pH of the wastewater. Therefore, the present invention is intended to utilize the ammonia nitrogen produced in the aerobic biological pretreatment process as a pH adjuster, thereby saving the pH adjusting alkali and saving a certain processing cost.
  • the present invention mixes the clarified polymerization wastewater after coagulation with acrylonitrile wastewater, and directly performs aerobic biological pretreatment of the mixed wastewater without adjusting the pH.
  • the nitrogen of the cyanide-containing compound is converted into ammonia nitrogen by the action of microorganisms.
  • This part of ammonia nitrogen acts as a pH adjuster to adjust the pH of the wastewater so that it can meet the needs of pH adjustment and maintain good.
  • the normal operation of the oxygen bioreactor ensures that the pH of the effluent is between 6 and 9.
  • the residence time of the aerobic activated sludge process and the aerobic biological contact oxidation process is 10 ⁇ 30 h, and the optimal residence time is 15 ⁇ 25 h, and other operating conditions are conventional process conditions. If the residence time is too short, it is difficult to ensure the removal effect of COD & ; on the contrary, if the residence time is too long, the ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater will undergo a nitrification reaction, which will cause the pH of the wastewater in the reactor to drop, which may cause the process to be difficult to operate normally.
  • the aerobic biological pretreatment process of the present invention can save a large amount of alkali for pH adjustment.
  • the CODo can be reduced to about 500 mg/L, and the COD & removal rate can reach more than 60%, so The process can reduce the amount of chemicals used in subsequent Fenton oxidation processes, thereby saving processing costs.
  • the Fenton oxidation process may be a conventional Fenton oxidation process or a modified Fenton oxidation process.
  • the preferred process is a conventional Fenton oxidation process.
  • the conventional Fenton oxidation process can be carried out continuously or intermittently.
  • the pH of the biologically pretreated clarified water is first adjusted to 3 to 6 by using sulfuric acid or refluxed acidic oxidizing water, and then the hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate, hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate are added in batches of 2 to 5 batches.
  • the dosages are 400 ⁇ 800 mg/L and 350 ⁇ 1000 mg/L, respectively, and the total reaction time is 2 ⁇ 4 h, and mixing is carried out by blast aeration or mechanical stirring.
  • the partial reflux of the oxidized water is used for pH adjustment of the oxidized influent, and the reflux volume ratio is 5% to 30%, and the optimum reflux volume ratio is 10 to 15%, and the remaining oxidized water is subjected to neutralization and flocculation treatment.
  • the neutralizing agent used in the acidic oxidizing effluent and the process is sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution or ethylene waste lye after wet oxidation treatment, and the preferred method is a waste lye solution after wet oxidation treatment.
  • the purpose of waste treatment is sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution or ethylene waste lye after wet oxidation treatment, and the preferred method is a waste lye solution after wet oxidation treatment. The purpose of waste treatment.
  • the flocculating agent for the flocculation process of the oxidized water is a polyacrylamide solution, and the amount thereof is 3 to 10 mg/L, and the optimum amount thereof is 5 to 8 mg/L.
  • the effluent COD & can be reduced to less than 200 mg / L, the process of COD Cr removal rate can reach more than 60%, at the same time, the process can also partially oxidize or degrade the remaining difficult biodegradable organic matter into biological It is easy to degrade organic matter, improve the biodegradability of wastewater, and create favorable conditions for the subsequent comprehensive treatment of secondary organisms.
  • the secondary biological treatment process should adopt a biological treatment process with denitrification function, such as A/0 process, simultaneous nitrification denitrification process, short-range biological nitrogen removal process or aerated biological filter.
  • denitrification function such as A/0 process, simultaneous nitrification denitrification process, short-range biological nitrogen removal process or aerated biological filter.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the treatment process of acrylonitrile and polymerization wastewater.
  • 1 polymerization wastewater coagulation clarification tank 1 polymerization wastewater coagulation clarification tank, 2 acrylonitrile and polymerization wastewater aerobic biological treatment tank (including secondary sedimentation tank), 3 Fenton oxidation reactor, 4 neutralization tank, 5 coagulation clarification tank, 6 secondary biological treatment Pool.
  • the equipment used in the method for treating acrylonitrile and polymerization wastewater according to the present invention is a polymerization wastewater clarification tank 1, an acrylonitrile and a polymerization wastewater aerobic biological treatment tank (including a secondary settling tank), and a Fenton oxidation reactor 3.
  • the neutralization tank 4, the coagulation clarification tank 5, and the secondary biological treatment tank 6 are successively connected in series.
  • the main purpose of this stage is to remove suspended solids and partially soluble in the polymerization wastewater.
  • Examples 8 to 15 The coagulation pretreatment of the polymerization wastewater by the method described in the present invention, and then the ratio of the clarified coagulation pretreatment effluent water to the acrylonitrile wastewater according to the actual discharge amount of the wastewater (volume ratio is generally
  • the main function of biological pretreatment is to remove easily degradable organic matter in acrylonitrile and polymerization mixed wastewater, and to reduce the processing load of subsequent advanced oxidation processes.
  • the biological pretreatment has a COD & removal rate of more than 60% for acrylonitrile and polymerization mixed wastewater, but the ammonia nitrogen content in the wastewater is increased, generally increasing from 30 to 50 mg/L to 70 to 100 mg/L. This is mainly due to the hydrolysis of cyanide in wastewater to ammonia nitrogen, which will not adversely affect subsequent processing.
  • Examples 16 to 24 First, the polymerization wastewater was subjected to coagulation pretreatment by the method provided by the present invention, and then the clarified coagulated effluent water was mixed with acrylonitrile wastewater, and subjected to biological pretreatment according to the method of the present invention.
  • the biochemical pretreated effluent was adjusted by pH with refluxing acidic oxidizing water, and then subjected to Fenton oxidation.
  • the oxidized water was neutralized by the wet oxidized ethylene waste lye, and 5 mg/L of polyacrylamide was added for coagulation treatment.
  • Example pH hydrogen peroxide influent water removal rate (. /.)
  • Example 25 Mixing the treated effluent of Example 19 with the coagulated acrylic fiber spinning device wastewater and recovery unit wastewater according to the actual discharge ratio, and arranging the mixed sewage as the secondary The biological treatment device is flooded.
  • the secondary biological treatment uses the conventional A-0 process to treat the mixed sewage.
  • the final treatment results are as follows: When the influent COD & ammonia nitrogen concentrations are 212 mg/L and 75 mg/L, respectively, the treated water COD & ammonia nitrogen concentration In the range of 78 ⁇ 94 mg/L and 7.5 ⁇ 14.4 mg/L, respectively; when the influent COD & ammonia nitrogen concentrations were 183 mg/L and 71 mg/L, respectively, the treated effluent COD & ammonia nitrogen concentrations were 71 ⁇ Within the range of 95 mg/L and 6.8 ⁇ 14.6 mg/L, all meet the GB 8978-1996 first-class emission standards.
  • the invention does not need to adjust the pH of the polymerization wastewater in the process of coagulation and biological pretreatment, and at the same time, in the biological treatment process, the pH of the mixed wastewater is adjusted by using the ammonia nitrogen produced in the process as a pH adjuster to satisfy The need for biological treatment. Therefore, compared with the existing treatment process, the cost of alkali for pH adjustment during coagulation and biological pretreatment can be saved, thereby reducing the treatment cost.
  • the coagulation, biological and Fenton oxidation processes used in the present invention respectively remove suspended solids, biodegradable organic matter and partially biodegradable organic matter in the wastewater, and each pretreatment unit is highly targeted, and the connection is reasonable and the effect is remarkable.
  • the Fenton oxidation of the present invention is an intermediate treatment process of biological pretreatment and integrated biological treatment processes, and the treatment object is only a part of the biodegradable organic matter in the wastewater. Therefore, compared with the method of directly pretreating it, the treatment load of the Fenton oxidation process is significantly reduced, thereby greatly reducing the treatment cost; compared with the method of treating the biochemical effluent of the acrylic fiber wastewater, the treatment is reduced. The amount of water, which reduces the size of the device and saves investment costs.
  • the treatment process selected by the present invention is a mature and reliable process, simple in operation, stable in operation, easy to control, and economical and effective.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract

一种丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法;首先,对聚合废水直接进行混凝预处理;接着,将混凝澄清的聚合废水与丙烯腈废水混合,直接对其进行好氧生物处理;然后,对好氧生物预处理出水进行芬顿氧化预处理,双氧水和硫酸亚铁分3-5批次投加,并对氧化出水进行二级生物综合处理并实现达标排放。

Description

一种丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种腈纶生产过程中所排放的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处 理方法。
背景技术- 丙烯腈是腈纶生产中最基本的原料, 目前国内的几个腈纶生产企业 都配套建设了丙烯腈生产装置, 但是大多数企业基本都将丙烯腈及腈纶 装置排放的生产废水集中在一起进行处理。 这些废水水量较大, 种类较 多, 组成和水质相差也较大, 导致废水的处理效果普遍较差, 最终出水 的 COD&远远超出 GB 8978-1996的排放标准。 大量的资料表明, 由于 丙烯腈及其聚合废水中含有的大量难生物降解物质导致丙烯腈及腈纶生 产废水难以达标排放。 随着国家环保要求的日益严格, 丙烯腈和腈纶废 水的超标排放问题已成为影响相关企业实现总外排水达标的瓶颈。 要解 决这个问题, 就必须首先解决丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理难题。
柯小明对不同的工艺或工艺组合分质处理腈纶废水的效果进行了比 较, 结果表明: 纺丝废水、 回收废水属于易生物降解废水, 采用简单的 絮凝、 生物处理工艺处理可以达到一级排放标准; 聚合废水属于难生物 降解废水, 采用好氧生物工艺直接处理时, COD 去除率为 51〜56%; 采用絮凝-好氧生物工艺处理时, COD 去除率有所提高,可达 54〜59%; 而 A/0工艺与好氧生化工艺处理效果基本相同,出水 COD 远远超出排 放标准,也说明了厌氧水解过程不能分解该污水中不可生物降解的物质。
胡波等采用聚合铝和阳离子型聚丙酰胺对聚合污水进行混凝预处 理,预处理后的污水进入生物处理装置进行预处理,出水 COD&为 700〜 800 mg/L, COD 的总去除率为 30%左右。
中国专利 CN1539766A 公开了一种湿法纺丝腈纶工艺废水的处理 方法。 该方法采用微电解降解聚合工段废水中的低聚物, 经混凝沉降加 以分离。 聚合工段废水与纺丝及溶剂回收工段的含氰废水混合匀质后经 过水解酸化、 碳化、 硝化和反硝化, 曝气后污泥沉降分离排出上清液。 从目前的实际应用情况来看, 该方法的处理效果并不理想, 并没有从根 本上解决问题。
中国专利 CN1188743A 公开了一种湿法纺丝腈纶工业综合废水处 理工艺。 该发明根据腈纶工业废水的水质特点, 将废水分为三股: 采用 混凝气浮法和生物接触氧化法分别处理聚合和纺丝回收废水; 经过处理 后的上述废水与丙烯腈、 氰化钠废水混合进行 A/0生化脱氮处理。但是 经过该工艺处理的腈纶废水并不能达标排放。
中国专利 CN1385380A公开了一种丙烯腈、 腈纶废水的处理方法。 该方法对聚合废水采用投加炭黑和粉末活性炭的接触氧化法进行预处 理; 对纺丝废水采用混凝气浮法进行物化预处理。 经过预处理后的废水 与其它各股废水混合经过 A/0法生物氧化及脱氮处理并排放。但是该方 法实际只实现了氨氮的达标排放, 对 CODcJ 处理效果并不理想。
邹东雷等采用 Fenton试剂氧化-微电解-生物接触氧化法处理丙烯腈 废水。 结果表明, 在废水 pH值为 3左右、反应时间 2 h的前提下, 双氧 水投加量 40 mL/L, 二价铁离子质量浓度为 400 mg/L, 再经过微电解处 理后的出水进入接触氧化阶段。 在溶解氧为 4.5 mg/L左右、 水力停留时 间为 10 h、 容积负荷 1.0 kgCODCr/(m3 · d)左右的条件下, 出水 COD& 小于 100 mg/L, 可达到国家对丙烯腈废水处理要求的一级标准。 但是该 方法药剂用量极大, 导致处理成本急剧上升。
李锋等采用芬顿氧化法对丙烯腈废水进行了预处理研究, 研究结果 表明当 AN质量浓度为 300 mg/L、Fe2+和 ¾02的投加量分别为 400 mg/L 和 400 mg/L、 反应 pH为 3, 反应时间为 3〜15 min时, AN去除率达到 80%以上, 同时发现 UV和 C204 2—对 Fenton试剂氧化具有良好的协同效 应, 但是该方法由于药剂用量极大, 导致处理成本急剧上升, 工业化应 用难度较大。
银长新采用 Fenton流体化床与生物接触氧化法相结合的组合工艺 对腈纶污水的生化出水进行了处理研究。该方法在保证进水 COD&稳定 在 300 mg/L左右时, 最终出水 CODo全部控制在 100 mg/L之内。 流体 化床 Fenton氧化法是利用 FeOOH晶体 (三价铁在流体化床反应槽中的 石英砂担体表面产生的结晶) 作为 ¾02的一种催化剂, 大幅降低 Fe2+ 催化剂的用量, 进而降低操作成本与污泥产生量。 该方法处理水量大, 装置规模庞大, 流程长, 从而影响了其工业化应用。
蒋进元等采用 Fenton氧化处理丙烯腈聚合废水, 当进水 COD&为 1200 mg/L时,在 c(H202)为 0.2 mol/L、 c(Fe2+)为 28.8 mmol/L、 pH为 2.5、 反应 150 min的条件下, 出水 COD&为 301.6 mg/L。 但是该方法存在药 剂用量大、 处理成本较高的缺点。
虽然目前丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理技术众多, 但无论是改性生物 技术还是内电解与生物技术联合工艺, 从应用的情况来看, 目前还没有 实现达标排放的先例。 从理论上来看, 高级氧化技术非常适合于难降解 有机物的处理, 但是目前的研究方法基本是将其作为生物处理前的预处 理手段或者作为经过生物处理后的丙烯腈及腈纶废水的深度处理, 这样 就存在着药剂消耗量大、 处理成本高或者装置规模庞大、 投资成本高等 缺点, 从而限制了该技术的工业化应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高效、 低成本的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处 理方法。该方法在混凝和生物预处理过程不需要对废水的 pH进行调节, 从而节省 pH调节用碱, 同时氧化处理过程有极强的针对性, 能够最大 程度降低 Fenton氧化试剂的用量, 因此能够大幅降低处理成本。
本发明所述的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法, 采用针对性的预处 理措施对其进行预处理: 首先, 在不调节 pH的情况下, 对聚合废水进 行混凝预处理, 去除其中的悬浮物以及部分 COD&; 接着将混凝处理后 的澄清聚合废水与丙烯腈废水混合, 混合废水不需经过 pH调节, 直接 进行好氧生物预处理, 从而去除其中的可生物降解的 COD ; 然后采用 Fenton氧化法对生物预处理出水进行预处理, 将废水中剩余的难降解有 机物部分彻底氧化去除, 部分氧化降解转化为易降解有机物, 利于后续 的二级生物处理。 经过上述处理后的废水最终可单独或与其它废水混合 后一起进行二级生物处理并达标排放。
下面结合附图 1详细说明本发明的具体工艺过程, 具体分为以下几 个步骤:
( 1 ) 不调节聚合废水的 pH, 直接对其进行混凝预处理, 去除其中 的悬浮物以及部分 COD 。
丙烯腈聚合废水含有大量的悬浮物, 呈乳白色混浊状, 其 pH通常 在 4〜6之间。 通常情况下, 对该股废水进行混凝预处理, 需要将其 pH 调至 6〜9 之间, 然而本发明在其混凝预处理过程中, 不需要对其进行 pH调节,而是直接对其进行混凝预处理,处理后的聚合废水呈无色透明 状, 其中的悬浮物基本得以去除, 同时其中的 COD&也能够降低 2%〜 10%。 本发明的混凝处理效果与最佳 pH条件下的混凝处理效果基本相 当, 而且能够节省中和 pH调节用碱, 降低处理成本。
所述的聚合废水的 pH在 4〜6之间。
所述的混凝预处理过程所采用的混凝剂和絮凝剂分别为聚合氯化铝 铁和聚丙烯酰胺, 其用量分别为 100〜400 mg/L和 l〜5 mg/L。
(2)将混凝预处理后的澄清聚合废水与丙烯腈废水混合匀质后,不 需调节 pH而直接对其进行生物预处理, 去除其中的易降解有机物, 从 而去除其中大部分 COD&
所述的丙烯腈与聚合混合废水的 pH在 4〜6之间。
所述的混合废水的生物预处理工艺为好氧生物处理工艺。
所述的好氧生物处理工艺为活性污泥工艺或好氧生物接触氧化工 艺, 优选好氧生物接触氧化工艺。
通常情况下, 本领域的技术人员会调节混合废水的 pH直至其满足 生物处理的需要,一般在 6〜9之间。本发明提出上述异于常理的技术路 线是基于以下考虑: 丙烯腈及其聚合废水中都含有大量的含氮有机物, 经过处理后, 这些含氮有机物的氮被转化为氨氮, 而氨氮作为碱性物质 会对废水的 pH起到一定的调节作用。 因此, 本发明希望能够利用好氧 生物预处理过程中产生的氨氮作为 pH的调节剂,从而节省 pH调节用碱, 节省一定的处理成本。
实际上, 在不调节 pH的情况下, 单独对聚合废水进行好氧生物处 理时, 其出水的 pH会显著下降。 因此, 为了维持生物反应器的正常运 行,通常需要将进水的 pH调节至 9〜11的范围内,或者在不调节 pH的 情况下, 不断地向生物反应器中补充碱度。 同时, 在不调节 pH的情况 下, 丙烯腈废水单独进行好氧生物处理时, 其出水 pH会显著上升, 甚 至难以保证生物反应器的正常运转。 因此, 需要不断地向丙烯腈废水中 加酸对 pH进行调节。
因此, 本发明为了解决上述存在的问题, 将混凝后的澄清聚合废水 与丙烯腈废水混合匀质, 在不调节 pH的情况下, 直接对混合废水进行 好氧生物预处理。
混合废水在好氧生物处理过程中, 含氰化合物的氮在微生物的作用 下转化为氨氮,这部分氨氮作为 pH调节剂对废水的 pH进行调节,使之 恰好能够满足 pH调节的需求, 维持好氧生物反应器的正常运行, 同时 保证出水的 pH在 6〜9之间。
所述的好氧活性污泥工艺、 好氧生物接触氧化工艺的停留时间为 10〜30 h, 最佳停留时间为 15〜25 h, 其它操作条件为常规工艺条件。 若停留时间过短时, 难以保证 COD&的去除效果; 反之, 若停留时间过 长, 废水中的氨氮发生硝化反应, 会造成反应器中废水的 pH下降, 进 而会导致该过程难以正常运转。 本发明所述的好氧生物预处理过程,能够节省大量的 pH调节用碱。 同时, 经过本发明所述的好氧生物预处理过程处理后, 混合废水中的易 降解有机物基本得以去除, CODo可降至 500 mg/L左右, COD&去除率 可达 60%以上, 因此该过程能够降低后续 Fenton氧化工艺的药剂用量, 从而节省处理成本。
(3 ) 对生物预处理的澄清出水进行 Fenton氧化预处理, 氧化出水 经中和、 絮凝处理后, 完成其预处理过程。
所述的 Fenton氧化工艺可以是常规 Fenton氧化工艺, 也可以是改 性 Fenton氧化工艺。 优选工艺为常规 Fenton氧化工艺。
所述的常规 Fenton氧化过程可连续进行, 也可间歇进行。氧化过程 中,首先采用硫酸或回流的酸性氧化出水将生物预处理的澄清出水的 pH 调节至 3〜6, 然后分 2〜5批次投加双氧水和硫酸亚铁, 双氧水和硫酸 亚铁的总用量分别为 400〜800 mg/L和 350〜1000 mg/L, 总反应时间为 2〜4 h, 采用鼓风曝气或机械搅拌的方式进行混合。
氧化出水部分回流用于氧化进水的 pH调节, 回流体积比为 5%〜 30%, 最佳回流体积比为 10〜15%, 其余氧化出水则进行中和、 絮凝处 理。
所述的酸性氧化出水中和过程所用的中和剂为氢氧化钠溶液、 氢氧 化钙溶液或者为湿式氧化处理后的乙烯废碱液, 首选为湿式氧化处理后 的乙烯废碱液, 达到以废治废的目的。
所述的氧化出水絮凝过程的絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺溶液, 其用量为 3〜10 mg/L, 其最佳用量为 5〜8 mg/L。 经过该过程处理后, 出水 COD&可降至 200 mg/L以下, 该过程的 CODCr去除率可达 60%以上, 同时, 该过程还可将剩余的难生物降解有 机物部分氧化或降解为生物易降解有机物, 提高废水的可生物降解性, 为后续的二级生物综合处理创造有利条件。
(4) 依次经过步骤 (1 )、 (2) 和 (3 ) 处理后的废水, 可以单独或 者与其它废水混合后一起进行二级生物综合处理, 并实现达标排放。
所述的二级生物处理工艺宜采用具有脱氮功能的生物处理工艺, 如 A/0工艺、 同步硝化反硝化工艺、 短程生物脱氮工艺或曝气生物滤池工 附图说明
图 1为丙烯腈和聚合废水的处理工艺流程图。
其中: 1 聚合废水混凝澄清池, 2 丙烯腈与聚合废水好氧生物处理池(包 括二沉池), 3 Fenton氧化反应器, 4 中和池, 5混凝澄清池, 6 二级生 物处理池。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的丙烯腈和聚合废水的处理方法所用的设备是由聚合废 水混凝澄清池 1、 丙烯腈与聚合废水好氧生物处理池 (包括二沉池) 2、 Fenton氧化反应器 3、 中和池 4、 混凝澄清池 5、 二级生物处理池 6依次 串连组成。
实施例 1〜7:
采用本发明所阐述的方法对聚合废水进行混凝预处理, 工艺条件及 处理效果如表 1所示: 表 1 聚合废水混凝预处理效果
实 ΠΠ pH CODCr(mg/L)
混凝剂 用里 CODCl.去 施
和絮凝剂 (mg/L) 混凝前 混凝后 进水 出水 除率(%) 例
聚合氯化铝铁 100
1 4.5 4.4 1333 1287 3.5 聚丙烯酰胺 1
聚合氯化铝铁 100
2 6.8 6.4 1569 1490 5.0 聚丙烯酰胺 3
聚合氯化铝铁 100
3 4.5 4.4 1569 1490 5.0 聚丙烯酰胺 5
聚合氯化铝铁 400
4 6.8 6.3 1248 1176 5.8 聚丙烯酰胺 1
聚合氯化铝铁 400
5 4.5 4.4 1248 1176 5.8 聚丙烯酰胺 3
聚合氯化铝铁 300
6 4.8 4.4 1375 1258 8.5 聚丙烯酰胺 1
聚合氯化铝铁 300
7 4.8 4.4 1375 1249 9.2 聚丙烯酰胺 3
本阶段的主要目的是去除聚合废水中的悬浮物和部分溶解性的
CODCr o 经过混凝处理的聚合废水呈无色透明状, 废水中的悬浮物基本 得以去除, 00&去除率变化幅度不大。 因此, 上述实施例的结果说明 了本发明所述的混凝处理过程是可行的。
实施例 8〜15: 采用本发明所阐述方法对聚合废水进行混凝预处理, 然后将澄清的 混凝预处理出水与丙烯腈废水按废水实际排放量的比例 (体积比一般为
7:1 10:1之间)混合, 然后采用好氧生物接触氧化工艺对混合废水进行 预处理。 除特殊说明之外, 其它工艺条件均为常规工艺条件。 具体处理 效果如表 2所示:
表 2 丙烯腈和聚合混合废水的生物预处理效果 实施 丙烯腈废水:聚 CODCr(mg/L) CODCr
HRT(h) ^ I y ~―
例 合废水 (v:v) 进水 出水 进水 出水— 除率 (%)
8 1 :7 10 4.96 7.59 1175 448 61.9
9 1 :7 20 4.96 7.91 1175 434 63.1 10 1 :7 30 4.96 7.80 1 175 428 63.6
1 1 1 :7 20 6.82 8.86 1 175 451 61.6
12 1 : 10 10 4.64 7.52 1370 532 61.2
13 1 :10 20 4.64 7.71 1370 516 62.3
14 1 : 10 30 4.64 7.56 1370 516 62.3
15 1 : 10 20 7.01 8.96 1370 527 61.5 生物预处理的主要功能是去除丙烯腈和聚合混合废水中的易降解有 机物, 降低后续高级氧化过程的处理负荷。 生物预处理对丙烯腈和聚合 混合废水的 COD&去除率均在 60%以上,但是废水中的氨氮含量有所升 高, 一般由 30〜50 mg/L升高至 70〜100 mg/L。 这主要是由于废水中含 氰化物水解生成氨氮造成的, 不会对后续处理过程造成不利影响。
实施例 16〜24: 首先采用本发明所提供的方法对聚合废水进行混凝预处理, 然后将 澄清的混凝出水与丙烯腈废水混合, 按照本发明所述的方法对其进行生 物预处理。 生化预处理出水采用回流的酸性氧化出水对 pH进行调节, 然后进行 Fenton氧化, 氧化出水经湿式氧化处理后的乙烯废碱液中和, 并添加 5 mg/L的聚丙烯酰胺进行混凝处理。
试验过程中, 双氧水和硫酸亚铁分三段连续加药, 各段加药量依次 为总量的 50%、30%和 20%。氧化过程的主要工艺条件及处理效果如表 3 所示:
表 3 常规 Fenton氧化法对丙烯腈和聚合废水的生物预处理出水的处理效果
Fenton氧化主要工艺条件 加药量 (mg/L) CODCr(mg/L)
、)曰 *F CODcr * atJ乂 反应时间 硫酸亚
例 pH 双氧水 进水 出水 除率 (。/。)
(Ό) (h) 铁
16 3 20 4 800 650 516 176 65.8
17 3 30 3 800 650 516 153 70.4
18 3 60 2 800 650 516 109 78.9
19 5.5 20 4 800 650 516 190 63.1
20 5.5 30 3 800 650 516 156 69.7 21 5.5 60 2 800 650 516 138 73.3
22 4.3 30 2 600 900 516 158 69.4
23 4.3 30 2 430 900 419 143 65.9
24 4.3 30 2 690 740 448 143 68.1 实施例 25: 将实施例 19 的处理出水与经过混凝处理的腈纶纺丝装置废水和回 收装置废水按实际排放量之比混合, 配置混合污水, 作为二级生物处理 装置进水。 二级生物处理采用常规 A-0工艺对混合污水进行处理, 最终 的处理结果为: 当进水 COD&和氨氮浓度分别为 212 mg/L和 75 mg/L 时, 处理出水 COD&和氨氮浓度分别在 78〜94 mg/L和 7.5〜14.4 mg/L 范围内; 当进水 COD&和氨氮浓度分别为 183 mg/L和 71 mg/L时,处理 出水 COD&和氨氮浓度分别在 71〜95 mg/L和 6.8〜14.6 mg/L范围内, 全部满足 GB 8978-1996一级排放标准。
工业实用性
本发明提出的丙烯腈和聚合废水的处理方法, 具有以下特点和优 点:
1. 本发明在混凝和生物预处理过程中不需要调节聚合废水的 pH, 同时, 在生物处理过程中, 利用该过程中产生的氨氮作为 pH调节剂对 混合废水的 pH进行调节使之满足生物处理的需要。 因此, 与现有处理 工艺相比, 能够节省混凝和生物预处理过程中的 pH调节用碱费用, 从 而降低了处理成本。
2. 本发明采用的混凝、 生物和 Fenton氧化工艺分别去除废水中的 悬浮物、 易生物降解有机物和部分难生物降解有机物, 各预处理单元针 对性极强, 衔接合理, 效果显著。 3. 本发明的 Fenton氧化是生物预处理和综合生物处理过程的中间 处理过程, 其处理对象仅是废水中的部分难生物降解有机物。 因此, 与 将其作为直接预处理的方法相比,显著地降低了 Fenton氧化过程的处理 负荷, 从而大幅降低了处理成本; 与将其作为处理腈纶废水的生化出水 的方法相比, 减少了处理水量, 从而减小了装置规模, 节省了投资成本。
4. 本发明所选用的处理工艺过程都是成熟可靠的工艺, 操作简单, 运行稳定、 易于控制, 且经济有效。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法, 其特征在于:
( 1 ) 不调节聚合废水的 pH而直接对其进行混凝预处理;
所述的聚合废水的 pH在 4〜6之间;
所述的混凝预处理的混凝剂和絮凝剂分别为聚合氯化铝铁和聚丙烯 酰胺, 其用量分别为 100〜400 mg/L和 1〜5 mg/L;
(2)混凝澄清的聚合废水与丙烯腈废水混合匀质后,不需调节混合废水 的 pH而直接对其进行生物预处理;
所述的丙烯腈与聚合混合废水的 pH在 4〜6之间;
所述的混合废水的生物预处理工艺为好氧生物处理工艺;
(3 ) 对生物预处理的澄清出水进行 Fenton氧化预处理: 采用硫酸或回 流的酸性氧化出水将生物预处理的澄清出水的 pH调节至 3〜6, 然后分 2〜5 批次投加双氧水和硫酸亚铁, 双氧水和硫酸亚铁总用量分别为 400〜800 mg/L和 350〜 1000 mg/L, 总反应时间为 2〜4 h, 采用鼓风曝 气或机械搅拌的方式进行混合; 酸性氧化出水部分回流用于调节生物预 处理出水的 pH, 回流体积比为 5〜30%, 其余部分则进行中和、 絮凝处 理; 絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺, 其用量为 3〜10 mg/L;
(4) 絮凝澄清的氧化出水单独或与其它废水混合后进行二级生物综合 处理并实现达标排放。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法, 其特征 在于: 步骤(2)所述的好氧生物处理工艺为好氧活性污泥工艺或好氧生 物接触氧化工艺。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法,其特征在 于: 所述的好氧活性污泥工艺、 好氧生物接触氧化工艺的水力停留时间 为 10〜30 h。
4.根据权利要求 2所述的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法, 其特征在 于:好氧活性污泥工艺、好氧生物接触氧化工艺的停留时间为 15〜25 h。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法,其特征在 于: 所述的生物预处理出水的 pH在 6〜9之间。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法,其特征在 于: 所述氧化出水的回流体积比为 10〜15%。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法,其特征在 于: 步骤(3 )所述的中和用碱为氢氧化钠溶液、 氢氧化钙溶液或者为湿 式氧化处理后的乙烯废碱液。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法,其特征在 于: 步骤 (3 ) 所述的絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺, 其用量为 5〜8 mg/L。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的丙烯腈及其聚合废水的处理方法,其特征在 于: 步骤 (4) 所述的二级生物处理工艺为 A/0工艺、 同步硝化反硝化 工艺、 短程生物脱氮工艺或曝气生物滤池工艺。
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