WO2014029071A1 - 车辆用郎肯发电机 - Google Patents

车辆用郎肯发电机 Download PDF

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WO2014029071A1
WO2014029071A1 PCT/CN2012/080391 CN2012080391W WO2014029071A1 WO 2014029071 A1 WO2014029071 A1 WO 2014029071A1 CN 2012080391 W CN2012080391 W CN 2012080391W WO 2014029071 A1 WO2014029071 A1 WO 2014029071A1
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evaporator
cooling water
pipe
generator
engine cooling
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/02—Adaptations for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power generation, and is a device for generating power and electric power using a Rankine cycle, and is a Langken generator for a vehicle. Background technique
  • the Rankine Cycle was named after the 19th century Scottish engineer Wil l iam Rankine.
  • the Langken cycle is the principle used to generate power in the power industry.
  • the typical Langken cycle is water, consisting of several main units of evaporator, condenser, steam turbine and water pump.
  • the water In the evaporator, the water is heated and vaporized, and after it becomes superheated steam, it expands work in the steam turbine, and the steam turbine output shaft generates power.
  • the low-pressure steam after work enters the condenser and is cooled and condensed into liquid water, which is sent to the evaporator by the water pump. , continue the cycle process.
  • the temperature difference between the evaporator and the condenser directly determines the efficiency of power generation.
  • the use of the Rankine cycle requires the presence of an external heat source and uses the phase change of the working fluid to generate power. This feature is very suitable for use in some places with industrial waste heat, providing a way to rationally save energy.
  • the exhaust temperature of a car engine can be as high as 1000° (:, the temperature difference from the ambient temperature is large.
  • the principle of the Langken cycle can be used to generate power using high-temperature exhaust gas, which is converted into electric power, supplied to the car sensor, control system, and started. Motor or other components are used.
  • This device that uses the Rankine cycle to generate electricity is called the Langken generator for vehicles.
  • a working principle based on the heat pipe can be employed.
  • This heat transfer method has high heat transfer efficiency and is several times or even several times that of solid metal.
  • a working fluid with a high heat transfer coefficient such as water, methanol, and the like.
  • a large amount of vapor bubbles are formed on the wall surface of the evaporator in a high temperature environment, so that the liquid on the wall leaves the wall surface.
  • the key technology is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks by utilizing the structural design of the components of the heat pipe, and to maximize the use of the high-temperature residual heat of the vehicle engine to exert more electric energy.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural layout diagram of a Langken generator for a vehicle.
  • the figure shows that the high temperature exhaust heat of the vehicle engine heats the evaporator (1), and the water inside it is heated and vaporized until it becomes superheated steam.
  • the high-temperature steam enters the rotor chamber (3) through the steam tube (2) to expand the work, pushing the rotor (4) to rotate, and the low-pressure steam after the work enters the condenser (6), and is cooled and condensed into liquid water.
  • the liquid pump (8) feeds water through the main return line (9) and the internal return line (10) to the evaporator (1) to continue the cycle.
  • the throttle valve (7) is used to control the flow of water.
  • the output shaft (5) of the rotor (4) center is connected to the power generation unit (6).
  • the principle of generating current by the power generating component (6) is the same as that of the rotor type generator and will not be described here.
  • the evaporator (1) has a cylindrical cavity, and the inner return pipe (10) is directly inserted into the bottom of the inner cavity of the evaporator (1) at its central axis, meaning that the liquid working medium is directly guided to the evaporator (1) Inside, avoid moving with a large amount of steam to generate shearing force, avoiding the phenomenon of liquid entrainment and preventing the drying in the evaporator.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial detailed view of the structural relationship between the inner return pipe and the evaporator.
  • the detailed structure of the inner return pipe (10) and the bottom of the evaporator (1) in Fig. 1 is shown.
  • the inner return pipe (10) has a plurality of lines (12) engraved on the inner surface and a spiral groove (13) on the outer surface. Because of the action of the liquid pump (8), there is a liquid head, and the liquid medium flows downward in the inner return pipe (10). Due to the guiding action of the inner surface of the double line (12), the liquid will rotate. The liquid having a certain moment of inertia flows out of the inner return pipe (10) and enters the evaporator (1).
  • the liquid working fluid is gradually vaporized in the evaporator due to the evaporation caused by the high temperature of the outside, and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase flow.
  • the inner return pipe (1) has a thread-shaped groove (13) on the outer surface that coincides with the inner surface of the double wire (12), and guides the gas-liquid two-phase flow to move in a rotationally upward manner.
  • the evaporator (1) is now in a high temperature environment, and the two-phase flow continues to evaporate until it is superheated. A large amount of vapor film is generated on the inner wall of the evaporator (1), and a large amount of vapor bubbles adhere to the wall of the evaporator (1). Since the heat transfer efficiency of the vapor film is much lower than that of the liquid film, the heat transfer efficiency of the wall surface of the evaporator (1) is lowered. However, at this time, there is still a gas-liquid two-phase flow medium that rotates out from the inner return pipe (10). Since the density of the liquid particles is large relative to the vapor, the liquid particles fly toward the wall of the evaporator (1) due to the centrifugal force of the rotation. The flying liquid particles will crush the vapor film, eliminate bubbles, and form a liquid film in the local area, so that the wall heat loss loss can be recovered.
  • the Langken generator After the vehicle is equipped with the Langken generator, it can provide more power and save a lot of traditional energy and raw materials. Since the generator absorbs a large amount of high-temperature exhaust heat of the vehicle engine, the NOx emissions are significantly reduced, which prolongs the service life and the cost of the exhaust gas catalyst. At the same time, the temperature outside the vehicle is greatly reduced, the greenhouse effect is greatly reduced, and the environment is improved. The device is convenient to use, simple in structure and low in manufacturing cost.
  • the device for generating power by using the Rankine cycle in the vehicle can be used as a power supply device in other industrial fields, and the product can be serialized, and the spatial scale can be from millimeter to ⁇ millimeter, and the output power can be from 100 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ to 1000W.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural layout diagram of a Langken generator for a vehicle.
  • evaporator there are 1 evaporator, 2 steam tubes, 3 rotor chambers, 4 rotors, 5 output shafts, 6 power generation components, 7 condensers, 8 liquid pumps, 9 throttle valves, 10 main return pipes, and 11 inner return pipes.
  • Figure 2 is a partial detailed view of the structural relationship between the inner return pipe and the evaporator.
  • 1 evaporator 11 inner return pipe, 12 double wire, 13 thread shaped groove.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the assembly structure of a Langken generator for a vehicle in a specific embodiment.
  • 1 evaporator 2 steam tubes, 3 rotor chambers, 4 rotors, 5 output shafts, 6 power generation components, 7 condensers, 10 main return pipes, 11 internal return pipes, 14 temperature-controlled throttle valves, 15 engines Water cooling system, 16 engine cooling water pump, 17 engine cooling water pipe, 18 engine exhaust pipe.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the assembly structure of a specific embodiment.
  • This technical solution is a device that utilizes the high-temperature exhaust heat of a vehicle engine to realize a Rankine cycle to generate electric power.
  • the apparatus includes an evaporator (1), a steam tube (2), a rotor chamber (3), a rotor (4), an output shaft (5), a power generation assembly (6), and a condenser (7). ), main return pipe (10), internal return pipe (11), temperature control throttle (14) and other components.
  • the above components need to be connected to the engine's inherent components, including the engine water cooling system (15), the engine cooling water pump (16), the engine cooling water pipe (17), the engine exhaust pipe (18), and the like.
  • the apparatus of the present invention directly uses engine cooling water as a working fluid.
  • the engine cooling water temperature is equal to the ambient temperature at vehicle start-up and is approximately 90 degrees Celsius when the engine is operating normally.
  • the high temperature exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust pipe of the vehicle engine can reach 800 degrees Celsius or above. This temperature difference can make the thermal power conversion efficiency reach 65%.
  • the bottom of the evaporator (1) is mounted on the wall of the engine exhaust pipe (18).
  • the high-temperature exhaust heat can continuously heat the evaporator (1), and the water inside it is heated and vaporized until it becomes superheated steam.
  • the high temperature steam enters the rotor cavity (3) through the steam pipe (2) to expand work, pushing the rotor (4) therein to rotate.
  • the output shaft (5) in the center of the rotor (4) is connected to the power generation unit (6).
  • the power generation component (6) generates the same current as the rotor generator and will not be described here.
  • the low pressure steam after work enters the condenser (6) and is cooled and condensed into liquid water by means of the engine water cooling system (15).
  • the connecting line connects the condenser (6) outlet to the engine cooling water pipe (17), which is upstream of the engine cooling water pump (16).
  • the main return line (9) is also connected to the engine cooling water pipe (17), which is located downstream of the engine cooling water pump (16). This form of connection constitutes the water cycle in the Rankine cycle and Parallel connection of engine cooling water circulation.
  • the evaporator (1) continues the Rankine cycle process.
  • a temperature-controlled throttle (14) between the engine cooling water pump (16) and the main return line (9) is used to control the flow of water.
  • the temperature sensor on the temperature-controlled throttle valve (7) is the temperature-controlled sensor used in the original engine cooling system.
  • the evaporator (1) has a cylindrical cavity, and the inner return pipe (10) is directly inserted into the bottom of the inner cavity of the evaporator (1) at its central axis.
  • the structural relationship and function of the evaporator (1) and the internal return pipe (10) are the same as those shown in Fig. 2.
  • the present invention utilizes the principle of the Rankine cycle to generate power, and in conjunction with the electromagnetic induction effect, can generate electricity by using high-temperature exhaust gas in a vehicle engine, and is supplied to an automobile sensor, a control system, a starter motor, or other components. It also reduces emissions, improves the environment, and saves energy. List of reference signs

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Description

说 明 书
车辆用郎肯发电机
技术领域
本发明涉及动力产生领域, 是一种利用郎肯循环产生动力和电力的装置, 是一种车辆 用郎肯发电机。 背景技术
郎肯循环 (Rankine Cycle ) 是因 19世纪苏格兰工程师 Wi l l iam Rankine而命名。 郎 肯循环是电力工业中用以产生动力的原理。 典型的郎肯循环的工质是水, 由蒸发器、 冷凝 器、 汽轮机和水泵口几个主要装置组成。 在蒸发器中水被加热汽化, 直至成为过热蒸 汽后, 在汽轮机中膨胀作功, 汽轮机输出轴产生动力, 作功后的低压蒸汽进入冷凝器 被冷却凝结成液态水, 被水泵送入蒸发器, 继续循环过程。 蒸发器和冷凝器之间的温差 直接决定了动力的产生效率。
利用郎肯循环需要有外部热源的存在, 并利用工质的相变产生动力。 这一特点在一些 有工业余热的地方非常适合利用, 为合理节约利用能源提供了一个途径。 例如汽车发动机 的排气温度可高达 1000° (:, 与环境温度的温差较大。 利用郎肯循环的原理可以利用高温排 气产生动力, 动力在转化成电力, 供给汽车传感器、 控制系统、 启动电机或者其他部件使 用。 这种利用郎肯循环产生电力的装置被称作车辆用郎肯发电机。
为了高效率地传递车辆发动机的排气热量给发电装置, 可以采用一种基于热导管的工 作原理。 这种传热方法的热传导效率高, 是固体金属热传导率的数倍甚至几十倍。 为了保 证传热量, 同时为减小蒸发器体积, 必须使用高传热系数的工质, 例如水、 甲醇等。 此类 液体工质, 在高温环境下, 在蒸发器内腔壁面会形成大量的蒸汽气泡, 使得壁面上的液体 离开壁面。 因为蒸汽气泡的传热系数较液体的低很多, 因而降低了热导管在高温环境使用 时的传热效率。 因而, 为实现在车辆中利用郎肯循环进行发电, 关键技术是通过热导管的 部件的结构设计, 克服上述缺陷, 最大程度利用车辆发动机的高温余热, 发挥更多的电能。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种车辆用郎肯发电机。 它包括蒸发器、 冷凝器、 蒸汽管、 内回 流管、 主回流管、 转子、 转子腔体、 节流阀、 输出轴、 发电组件等部件。 其中, 转子置于 转子腔体之中;蒸发器通过蒸汽管连接到转子腔体;转子腔体的另一个出口端连接冷凝器; 内回流管一端连接主回流管, 另一端插入至蒸发器底部。
图 1是车辆用郎肯发电机的结构布置方案图。 图中表示, 车辆发动机的高温排气余热 加热蒸发器(1), 使其内部的水被加热汽化, 直至成为过热蒸汽。 高温蒸汽通过蒸汽管 (2) 进入转子腔体 (3) 中膨胀作功, 推动其中的转子 (4) 转动, 作功后的低压蒸汽 进入冷凝器 (6), 被冷却凝结成液态水。 液体泵 (8) 将水通过主回流管 (9) 和内回流 管 (10) 送入蒸发器 (1), 继续循环过程。 节流阀 (7) 用来控制水的流量。 转子 (4) 中 心的输出轴 (5)连接发电组件(6)。 发电组件(6)产生电流的原理与转子式发电机相同, 这里不再叙述。
蒸发器(1)呈圆柱形腔体, 在其中心轴线处将内回流管(10)直接插入到蒸发器(1) 内腔的底部, 意味着直接将液体工质引导至蒸发器 (1) 内, 避免和大量蒸汽相对运动以 产生剪切力, 避免了液体卷吸现象的发生, 防止蒸发器内烧干现象。
图 2是内回流管与蒸发器的结构关系的局部详细图。 表示了图 1中内回流管 (10) 和 蒸发器 (1) 底部的详细结构。 内回流管 (10) 内表面刻有多条来复线 (12), 外表面有螺 纹形状的沟槽 (13)。 因为液体泵 (8) 的作用, 所以存在液体压头, 液体工质在内回流管 (10) 中向下流动。 由于内表面的来复线 (12) 的引导作用, 液体会产生旋转。 具有一定 转动惯量的液体流出内回流管 (10), 进入蒸发器 (1)。 此时, 因为外界的高温产生的蒸 发作用, 液体工质在蒸发器内逐渐被汽化, 变成了气液两相流。 随着蒸发器 (1) 内压力 上升, 两相流开始向上运动, 仍保持着旋转离心力。 内回流管 (1) 外表面的螺纹形状的 沟槽(13)与内表面来复线(12)的旋向一致, 将引导气液两相流以旋转向上的方式运动。
蒸发器 (1) 此时处在高温环境, 两相流工质继续蒸发, 直至过热蒸汽。 蒸发器 (1) 内壁会产生大量蒸汽薄膜, 大量蒸汽泡附着在蒸发器 (1) 壁面。 因为蒸汽薄膜的传热效 率远低于液体薄膜, 因而降低了蒸发器 (1) 壁面的传热效率。 但是此时, 仍然有气液两 相流工质从内回流管 (10) 旋转流出。 因为液体颗粒的密度相对蒸汽的大, 所以液体颗粒 因为旋转离心力的作用飞向蒸发器 (1) 的壁面。 而飞来的液体颗粒将会击碎蒸汽薄膜, 消除气泡, 在当地形成液体薄膜, 使得壁面传热量损失得以恢复。
车辆装配郎肯发电机后,可以为其提供更多电力,节约大量传统能源和原材料的使用。 由于发电机吸收了大量的车辆发动机高温排气热量, 因而 NOx排放物明显降低, 延长了排 气催化器使用寿命和使用成本。 同时, 极大降低了车辆外部的温度, 极大减弱了温室效应, 改善了环境。 该装置使用方便、 结构简单、 制造成本低。
本发明提出的在车辆中利用郎肯循环产生动力的装置可作为其他工业领域中的动力 供给装置, 产品可以形成系列化, 其空间尺度可以从毫米级至佰毫米级, 输出功率可以从 100μ¾ί至 1000W。
附图说明
图 1是车辆用郎肯发电机的结构布置方案图。 图中, 1蒸发器、 2蒸汽管、 3转子腔体、 4转子、 5输出轴、 6发电组件、 7冷凝器、 8液体泵、 9节流阀、 10主回流管、 11内回流 管。
图 2是内回流管与蒸发器的结构关系的局部详细图。 图中, 1蒸发器、 11内回流管、 12来复线、 13螺纹形状的沟槽。
图 3是具体实施例中的车辆用郎肯发电机的总装结构图。 图中, 1蒸发器、 2蒸汽管、 3转子腔体、 4转子、 5输出轴、 6发电组件、 7冷凝器、 10主回流管、 11 内回流管、 14 温控节流阀、 15发动机水冷系统、 16发动机冷却水水泵、 17发动机冷却水水管、 18发动 机排气管。
具体实施方式
以一个具体实施方案进一步说明本发明提出的车辆用郎肯发动机的结构和原理。 图 3 是具体实施例的总装结构图。 该技术方案是利用车辆发动机的高温排气热量实现郎肯循环 以产生电力的装置。 如图中 3所示, 该装置包括蒸发器(1 )、 蒸汽管 (2)、 转子腔体(3)、 转子 (4)、 输出轴 (5)、 发电组件 (6)、 冷凝器 (7)、 主回流管 (10)、 内回流管 (11 )、 温控节流阀(14)等部件。上述部件需要和发动机的固有部件,包括发动机水冷系统(15)、 发动机冷却水水泵 (16)、 发动机冷却水水管 (17)、 发动机排气管 (18 ) 等连接。
本发明的装置直接使用发动机冷却水作为工质。 发动机冷却水水温在车辆启动是等于 环境温度, 在发动机正常工作时约为摄氏 90 度。 车辆发动机排气管内的高温排气温度可 达摄氏 800度以上, 这样的温差可以使得热功转换效率达到 65%。
图 3 中表示, 蒸发器 (1 ) 的底部安装在发动机排气管 (18 ) 的壁面上。 高温排气热 量可以持续加热蒸发器 (1 ), 使其内部的水被加热汽化, 直至成为过热蒸汽。 高温蒸汽 通过蒸汽管 (2 ) 进入转子腔体 (3 ) 中膨胀作功, 推动其中的转子 (4) 转动。 转子 (4) 中心的输出轴 (5 ) 连接发电组件 (6)。 发电组件 (6 ) 产生电流的原理与转子式发电机相 同, 这里不再叙述。 作功后的低压蒸汽进入冷凝器 (6), 依靠发动机水冷系统 (15 ) 被 冷却凝结成液态水。 连接管路将冷凝器(6 ) 出口连接至发动机冷却水水管(17), 连接点 处于发动机冷却水水泵 (16 ) 的上游。 主回流管 (9 ) 也和发动机冷却水水管 (17 ) 连接, 连接点处于发动机冷却水水泵 (16 ) 的下游。 这种连接形式构成了郎肯循环中的水循环和 发动机冷却水循环的并联。
发动机冷却水水泵 (16) 工作时, 在将发动机冷却水进行输送的同时将并联进入的、 作为郎肯循环工质的部分水输送至主回流管 (10) 和内回流管 (11 ) 送入蒸发器 (1 ), 继 续郎肯循环过程。 发动机冷却水水泵 (16 ) 和主回流管 (9 ) 之间的温控节流阀 (14) 用 来控制水的流量。 温控节流阀节流阀 (7 ) 上的的温度传感器既是原发动机冷却系统采用 的温控传感器。
蒸发器(1 )呈圆柱形腔体, 在其中心轴线处将内回流管(10)直接插入到蒸发器(1 ) 内腔的底部。 蒸发器 (1 ) 和内回流管 (10) 的结构关系及其功能与图 2 所示相同。
本发明利用郎肯循环的原理产生动力, 并配合电磁感应效果, 可以利用车辆发动机中 的高温排气进行发电, 供给汽车传感器、 控制系统、 启动电机或者其他部件使用。 同时也 降低了排放、 改善了环境、 节约了能源。 附图标记列表
1蒸发器
2蒸汽管
3转子腔体
4转子
5输出轴
6发电组件
7冷凝器
8液体泵
9 节流阀
10主回流管
11内回流管
12来复线
13螺纹形状的沟槽
14温控节流阀
15发动机水冷系统
16发动机冷却水水泵
17发动机冷却水水管
18发动机排气管

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种车辆用郎肯发电机, 其特征是, 包括蒸发器 (1)、 蒸汽管 (2)、 转子腔体 (3)、 转 子 (4)、 输出轴 (5)、 发电组件 (6)、 冷凝器 (7)、 主回流管 (10)、 内回流管 (11)、 温控节流阀 (14) 等部件和车辆发动机的固有部件, 包括发动机水冷系统 (15)、 发动机 冷却水水泵 (16)、 发动机冷却水水管 (17)、 发动机排气管 (8), 上述部件的连接关系 是- 转子 (4) 置于转子腔体 (3) 之中;
蒸发器 (1) 通过蒸汽管 (2) 连接到转子腔体 (3);
转子腔体 (3) 的另一个出口端连接冷凝器 (7) 入口;
内回流管 (11) 一端连接主回流管 (10), 另一端插入至蒸发器 (1) 内腔底部; 冷凝器 (6) 出口连接至发动机冷却水水管 (17), 连接点处于发动机冷却水水泵 (16) 的上游;
主回流管 (9) 和发动机冷却水水管 (17) 连接, 连接点处于发动机冷却水水泵 (16) 的 下游。
温控节流阀 (14) 在发动机冷却水水泵 (16) 和主回流管 (9) 之间。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种车辆用郎肯发电机, 其特征在于, 所述的蒸发器 (1) 呈圆柱 形腔体。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种车辆用郎肯发电机,其特征在于,所述的所述的内回流管(11) 沿着蒸发器 (1) 回转中心轴线的位置插入其内腔底部。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种车辆用郎肯发电机,其特征在于,所述的所述的内回流管(11) 内表面刻有多条来复线, 外表面有螺纹形状的沟槽, 螺纹的旋向与来复线的一致。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种车辆用郎肯发电机, 其特征在于, 所述的蒸发器 (1) 安装在 发动机排气管 (8) 的壁面上。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种车辆用郎肯发电机, 其特征在于, 该发电机利用使用车辆发动 机冷却水作为工质。
PCT/CN2012/080391 2012-08-21 2012-08-21 车辆用郎肯发电机 Ceased WO2014029071A1 (zh)

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