WO2014018206A1 - High strength steel weld metal for demanding structural applications - Google Patents

High strength steel weld metal for demanding structural applications Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014018206A1
WO2014018206A1 PCT/US2013/047384 US2013047384W WO2014018206A1 WO 2014018206 A1 WO2014018206 A1 WO 2014018206A1 US 2013047384 W US2013047384 W US 2013047384W WO 2014018206 A1 WO2014018206 A1 WO 2014018206A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weld metal
weld
welding
metal
girth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2013/047384
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Douglas P. Fairchild
Mario L. Macia
Nathan E. Nissley
Raghavan Ayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Original Assignee
ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co filed Critical ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Priority to CN201380039551.2A priority Critical patent/CN104508165A/zh
Priority to JP2015524286A priority patent/JP6338290B2/ja
Priority to EA201590287A priority patent/EA028243B1/ru
Priority to US14/408,239 priority patent/US20150129559A1/en
Priority to CA2876497A priority patent/CA2876497A1/en
Publication of WO2014018206A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014018206A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US15/883,882 priority patent/US20180169799A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/3066—Fe as the principal constituent with Ni as next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
    • B23K35/383—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area mainly containing noble gases or nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
    • B23K9/186—Submerged-arc welding making use of a consumable electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Definitions

  • Strain-based design is the term used to describe designing/constructing a pipeline that is capable of incurring longitudinal plastic strains.
  • Typical strain magnitudes for strain-based designs are generally defined as global plastic strains in excess of 0.5%.
  • Global plastic strains are defined as strains that are not local, but are spread over a distance of many inches or feel as measured along a length of pipe that may include one or more girth welds.
  • global plastic strains for strain-based design purposes could be in reference to a section of the pipeline that is about two pipe diameters in length, although other similar definitions could be used to define global plastic strains. Using this convention, a global plastic strain of one percent in a 30 inch diameter pipeline would produce about 0.6 inches of strain in two diameters of length; i.e., 60 inches in length.
  • the '678 Patent makes no consideration of tearing resistance, it therefore makes no consideration of the welding techniques required to produce welds optimum for SBD. This includes use of special shielding gas mixtures and the resultant need for highly specialized pulsed waveform power supplies that have only become available after the invention date of the '678 Patent. [0015] The utility of oxygen and acicular ferrite in weld metal are discussed by the '678 Patent; however, there is no attention paid to optimizing these components for SBD welds.
  • the present invention provides a novel weld metal that achieves high strength welds with superior ductile tearing resistance and good weldability.
  • elements that may be added to enhance weld metal properties comprise: not greater than about 0.6 wt% copper, not greater than about 0.04 wt% vanadium, not greater than about 0.60 wt% Cr, not greater than about 0.04 wt% Nb, not greater than about 20 ppm B.
  • the carbon content and other alloys of the weld metal may be adjusted within the range to provide welds with sufficient strength for SBD applications with pipe grades X52 to XI 00 or higher.
  • Figure 1 is a graph of Pcm versus weld metal ultimate tensile strength for a range of compositions of the SBD-AFIM weld metal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure and that of the AFIM weld metal disclosed in US 6,565,678.
  • Figure 4 is a flowchart of a method of welding ferritic steel pipelines according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a plot of an embodiment of a GMAW pulse waveform useful in applying an embodiment of the SBD AFIM weld metals.
  • Figure 6 is an optical macro image of a cross-section of an embodiment of a SBD- AFIM weld illustrating weld fusion defects.
  • Figure 7 is a drawing of a SENT specimen used to generate data for an R-curve.
  • Figure 8 is a graph of an example R-curve.
  • Figure 11 is an optical macro image of an example HSW.
  • Figures 15 and 16 are transmission electron micrographs of degenerate upper bainite showing several parallel laths and discontinuous MA at lath boundaries.
  • DUB is a common component of the SBD-AFIM microstructure.
  • Ferritic alloys any of a group of engineering alloys that possess a ferritic microstructure characterized by a predominantly body centered cubic (bec) atomic arrangement.
  • Yield strength That strength corresponding to a departure from linear elastic behavior where load support is achieved without permanent deformation and plastic behavior where load support results in measurable permanent deformation.
  • Tensile strength That strength corresponding to the maximum load carrying capability of the material in units of stress when the failure mechanism is not linear elastic fracture.
  • the alloy content in wt. % is entered into the equation to calculate the Pcm number.
  • AF Acicular ferrite
  • AF is often the first decomposition product to transform in a steel weld from the austenite during cooling, although proeutectoid ferrite (polygonal ferrite) can sometimes form first.
  • AF nucleates on small, non-metallic inclusions and then experiences rapid growth by a bainitic-type transformation mechanism.
  • the AF grains typically exhibit a needle-like morphology with aspect ratios ranging from about 2: 1 to 20: 1 depending on cooling rate and chemistry. This transformation involves both shear and diffusional components. The transformation temperature controls the interplay between the diffusional and shear components, thus determining AF morphology.
  • Granular bainite Refers to a cluster of 3 to 5 relatively equiaxed bainitic ferrite grains that surround a centrally located, small “island” of Martensite Austenite (MA). Typical "grain" diameters are about 1-2 ⁇ .
  • Martensite austenite constituent (MA): Remnant areas of microstructure in a ferritic steel or weld that transform on cooling to a mixture of martensite and retained austenite. These areas are often the last regions to transform on cooling. MA regions are stabilized due to carbon rejection from surrounding areas that have already transformed at higher temperatures. Due to stabilization, the transformation of austenite to MA occurs at lower temperatures than the surrounding areas. Regions of MA are typically dominated by martensite while only containing small volume fractions of retained austenite (less than 10%). MA is often seen on prior austenite grain boundaries of welds or HAZs that experience double thermal cycles. MA is also found on lath boundaries in the lath based microstructures of degenerate upper bainite and lower bainite. MA is typically observed on any number of lath, packet or grain boundaries present in structural steels.
  • ECA Engineering Critical Assessment
  • High-Low Misalignment the degree of geometric offset between adjacent pipe pieces at a girth weld. Misalignment varies around the pipe circumference. While best efforts are made to minimize misalignment, the magnitude of high-low can be fractions of a millimeter up to several millimeters. 1mm of high-low would be considered small for large diameter pipe (say, for >24" diameter pipe), while > 3mm of high-low would be considered large. High-low misalignment rarely exceeds about 5mm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
PCT/US2013/047384 2012-07-27 2013-06-24 High strength steel weld metal for demanding structural applications Ceased WO2014018206A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201380039551.2A CN104508165A (zh) 2012-07-27 2013-06-24 用于苛刻的结构应用的高强度钢焊接金属
JP2015524286A JP6338290B2 (ja) 2012-07-27 2013-06-24 要求の厳しい構造用途のための高強度鋼溶接金属
EA201590287A EA028243B1 (ru) 2012-07-27 2013-06-24 Высокопрочный стальной металл сварного шва для применения в ответственных конструкциях
US14/408,239 US20150129559A1 (en) 2012-07-27 2013-06-24 High Strength Weld Metal for Demanding Structural Applications
CA2876497A CA2876497A1 (en) 2012-07-27 2013-06-24 High strength steel weld metal for demanding structural applications
US15/883,882 US20180169799A1 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-01-30 High Strength Weld Metal for Demanding Structural Applications

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201261676738P 2012-07-27 2012-07-27
US61/676,738 2012-07-27

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/408,239 A-371-Of-International US20150129559A1 (en) 2012-07-27 2013-06-24 High Strength Weld Metal for Demanding Structural Applications
US15/883,882 Division US20180169799A1 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-01-30 High Strength Weld Metal for Demanding Structural Applications

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014018206A1 true WO2014018206A1 (en) 2014-01-30

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PCT/US2013/047384 Ceased WO2014018206A1 (en) 2012-07-27 2013-06-24 High strength steel weld metal for demanding structural applications

Country Status (6)

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US (2) US20150129559A1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP6338290B2 (enExample)
CN (1) CN104508165A (enExample)
CA (1) CA2876497A1 (enExample)
EA (1) EA028243B1 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2014018206A1 (enExample)

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CN104607822A (zh) * 2014-12-10 2015-05-13 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 一种高强度管线用埋弧焊缝金属
CN104785955A (zh) * 2015-04-23 2015-07-22 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 一种超高强钢用气保焊丝及焊缝金属
CN106029292A (zh) * 2014-02-17 2016-10-12 威斯克激光拼焊板有限公司 用于在对接接头处激光焊接由可硬化钢构成的一个或多个工件的方法
US20220184730A1 (en) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Welding device and method for detecting weld state

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CN106238915A (zh) * 2016-08-25 2016-12-21 苏州大学 一种钛微合金化碳锰钢的激光拼焊方法
US11529697B2 (en) * 2017-09-29 2022-12-20 Lincoln Global, Inc. Additive manufacturing using aluminum-containing wire
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JP7393625B2 (ja) * 2019-09-26 2023-12-07 日本製鉄株式会社 オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼溶接継手
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CN114643395A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-06-21 山西北方机械制造有限责任公司 一种双相不锈钢气体保护焊焊接方法
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US20050155960A1 (en) * 2004-01-21 2005-07-21 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour I'etude Et I'exploita Laser/arc hybrid welding process for ferritic steels
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CA2876497A1 (en) 2014-01-30
US20150129559A1 (en) 2015-05-14
EA201590287A1 (ru) 2015-05-29
US20180169799A1 (en) 2018-06-21

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