CN106029292A - 用于在对接接头处激光焊接由可硬化钢构成的一个或多个工件的方法 - Google Patents
用于在对接接头处激光焊接由可硬化钢构成的一个或多个工件的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106029292A CN106029292A CN201580009029.9A CN201580009029A CN106029292A CN 106029292 A CN106029292 A CN 106029292A CN 201580009029 A CN201580009029 A CN 201580009029A CN 106029292 A CN106029292 A CN 106029292A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;manganese Chemical compound [Mn]#B PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 241000538562 Banjos Species 0.000 claims description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum Chemical compound [Cr].[Mo] VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
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- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
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- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
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- B23K35/3093—Fe as the principal constituent with other elements as next major constituents
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
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- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于在对接接头处激光焊接一个或多个由能够加压淬火的钢材、特别是锰硼钢构成的工件的方法,该工件或这些工件(1、2)具有0.5至1.8mm的厚度和/或在对接接头(3)产生0.2至0.4mm的厚度断层(d),通过填充焊丝(10)引入由至少一个激光束(6)产生的熔池(8)中进行激光焊接,熔池(8)仅通过至少一个激光束(6)产生。为了确保焊缝在热成型(加压淬火)中能可靠地硬化成马氏体结构,填充焊丝(10)含有来自包括锰、铬、钼、硅和/或镍的分组中至少一种合金元素,该合金元素有利于在由激光束(6)产生的熔池(8)中形成奥氏体,该至少一种合金元素在填充焊丝(10)中的重量份额比在一个或多个工件(1,2)的能够加压淬火的钢材中高出至少0.1重量%,而且其中,所使用的一个或多个工件(1、2;1、2’)没有涂层或部分去涂层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在对接接头处激光焊接一个或多个工件的方法,该工件由能够加压淬火的钢材、特别是由锰硼钢构成,该工件或这些工件具有0.5至1.8mm之间的厚度和/或在对接接头上产生0.2至0.4mm之间的厚度断层,而且其中,通过将填充焊丝引入由至少一个激光束产生的熔池中进行激光焊接,其中,熔池仅通过至少一个激光束产生。
背景技术
为了在车身重量尽可能轻的条件下满足对于冲撞安全性所提出的高要求,可在汽车制造中使用由钢板制成的定制扁坯(所谓的拼焊板)。为此,不同材料等级和/或不同板厚的单个扁坯或带材在对接接头处通过激光焊接接合在一起。以这种方式可以使制成的车身构件的不同位置适应不同的负荷。因此,可以在具有高负荷的位置上使用更厚或者也更高强度的钢板并在其余的位置上使用更薄的板材或由相对较软的深冲级钢制成的板材。这类定制的板材件使在车身上的额外的加固件成为不必要的。这样节省了材料并且实现降低车身的总重量。
硼合金化的钢材(特别是锰硼钢)在过去几年中得到了发展,这类钢材在热成型中通过快速冷却可达到高强度,例如抗拉强度达到1500至2000MPa的范围内。锰硼钢在初始状态下通常具有铁素体-珠光体的组织结构并具有约600MPa的强度。通过加压淬火,即通过加热至奥氏体化温度并随后在模压机中快速冷却,可以调节马氏体组织结构,从而这样处理后的钢材可以达到抗拉强度在1500至2000MPa范围内。
由这类定制的钢材扁坯制成的车身构件(例如B中柱)在一定的板厚或一定的厚度断层之内都具有完美的硬度分布。但已经证实,特别是在0.5到1.8mm之间的板厚,或者在0.2至0.4mm之间的厚度断层时,会出现激光焊接缝在热成型(加压淬火)过程中不能充分硬化的问题。于是在焊缝的区域中仅部分地存在马氏体组织结构,从而在制成的构件负载时导致在焊缝中出现故障。这一问题也许与此有关,即,特别在有厚度断层的情况下通常不能确保与已冷却的成型工具或冷却工具充分的接触并由此使焊缝不能完全转化为马氏体。
在US 2008/0011720 A1中描述了一种激光电弧复合焊接方法,其中,由锰硼钢构成的、具有含铝表面涂层的扁坯在对接接头相互接合,其中,为了熔化在对接接头上的金属并相互焊接扁坯,激光束与至少一束带电电弧组合。该带电电弧在此借助钨焊接电极发出或在使用MIG焊炬的条件下在填充焊丝的尖端形成。该填充焊丝可能包含一些元素(例如Mn、Ni和Cu),这些元素可促使钢材向奥氏体组织结构的转化并有利于在熔池中维持奥氏体的转化。
通过该已知的激光电弧复合焊接方法应实现,由锰硼钢构成的能够热成型的、设置有铝-硅基涂层的扁坯可以无需预先脱去在待形成焊缝的区域中的涂层材料而焊接,但应确保位于扁坯的对接边缘上的铝不会导致构件的抗拉强度在焊缝中降低。通过在激光束后设置带电电弧应使熔池均匀化并以此消除会产生铁素体组织结构的、局部大于1.2重量%的铝浓度。
由于要产生带电电弧,因此该已知的复合焊接法在能量消耗方面成本相对较高。
发明内容
本发明基于的目的在于,提出一种激光焊接方法,通过该方法可以将工件在对接接头处接合成为定制的工件,特别是定制的扁坯,这些由能够加压淬火的钢材(特别是锰硼钢)构成的待焊接的工件具有0.5至1.8mm之间的厚度和/或在对接接头上产生0.2至0.4mm之间的厚度断层,焊接成的定制的工件的焊缝在热成型(加压淬火)中能够可靠地硬化成为马氏体组织结构。另外,该方法的特点在于高生产率以及相对较低的能量消耗。
为实现该目的提出了具有权利要求1所述特征的方法。在从属权利要求中说明了按照本发明的方法的优选和有利的设计。
按照本发明的方法用于在对接接头处激光焊接一个或多个工件,该工件由能够加压淬火的钢材、特别是锰硼钢构成,其中,该工件或这些工件具有0.5至1.8mm之间、特别是0.5至1.6mm之间的厚度和/或在对接接头上产生0.2至0.4mm之间、特别是0.2至0.3mm之间的厚度断层。在此,该激光焊接在将填充焊丝引入由激光束产生的熔池中的条件下进行。按照本发明的方法的特征还在于,该填充焊丝含有来自由锰、铬、钼、硅和/或镍组成的分组中的至少一种合金元素,该合金元素有利于在由激光束产生的熔池中形成奥氏体,其中,该至少一种合金元素在填充焊丝中的重量份额比在一个或多个工件的能够加压淬火的钢材中高出至少0.1重量%,而且其中,所使用的一个或多个工件没有涂层或部分去涂层。
按照本发明制造的工件或定制的扁坯提供了关于热成型(加压淬火)的更大的工艺窗口,在该工艺窗口中实现了构件的充分硬化,特别是在构件焊缝中也实现了充分的硬化。
按照本发明的方法不仅可以在不同材料等级和/或不同厚度的多个钢材扁坯在对接接头处的相互接合中使用,还可以例如在单个板状或带状的钢板的激光焊接中使用,其中,在后一种提到的情况中,工件的待相互接合的切边通过成型、例如通过卷边或者辊轧成型向彼此移动,从而两个切边最终在对接接头处朝向彼此。
为了防止在钢带或钢板上形成氧化层,通常设置有铝基或铝-硅基的表面涂层。按照本发明的方法也可以在使用这类涂层的钢材扁坯或钢带的条件下应用,其中,根据本发明的方法的一种有利的变型,在激光焊接之前剥蚀在沿着待相互焊接的对接边缘的边缘区域中的铝基或铝-硅基的表面涂层,从而使所使用的一个或多个工件部分去涂层。这可以借助至少一种能量束进行,优选激光束。同样还能够考虑机械式去涂层或高频(HF-)去涂层。以这种方式可以可靠地防止通过无意引入其中的涂层材料而造成对焊缝的损害,该涂层材料在热成型(加压淬火)中可以或可能导致硬度分布中的塌陷点。
没有涂层的钢材扁坯或钢带也能够同样地按照根据本发明的方法而相互焊接。
在按照本发明的方法的一个优选设计中,该工件或这些工件如下所述地选择,即其钢材具有以下组成:0.10至0.50重量%的C,最高0.40重量%的Si,0.50至2.00重量%的Mn,最高0.025重量%的P,最高0.010重量%的S,最高0.60重量%的Cr,最高0.50重量%的Mo,最高0.050重量%的Ti,0.0008至0.0070重量%的B和最低0.010重量%的Al,剩余铁和不能够避免的杂质。由这样的钢材制成的构件在加压淬火后具有相对较高的抗拉强度。
在按照本发明的方法中特别优选使用由能够加压淬火的钢材构成的板状或带状的工件,这些工件在加压淬火之后具有在1500至2000MPa范围内的抗拉强度。
按照本发明的方法的另一个优选设计的特征在于,其中所使用的填充焊丝具有以下组成:0.05至0.15重量%的C,0.5至2.0重量%的Si,1.0至2.5重量%的Mn,0.5至2.0重量%的Cr+Mo,1.0至4.0重量%的Ni,剩余铁和不能够避免的杂质。试验显示,在使用按照本发明的方法的条件下,通过这类填充焊丝能够以特别可靠的方式确保焊缝在随后的加压淬火中完全转变为马氏体组织结构。
按照根据本发明的方法的另一个优选的设计方案,与该一个或多个工件的能够加压淬火钢材相比,其中所用到的填充焊丝具有要低出至少0.1重量%的更低的碳重量份额。通过填充焊丝中的相对低的碳含量可以避免了焊缝的脆化。特别通过填充焊丝中相对低的碳含量在焊缝处达到了很好的剩余延性。
按照本发明的方法的另一个优选设计设置为,填充焊丝在加热后的状态下引入熔池中。以此可以实现更高的工艺速度或更高的生产率。因为在该设计中,通过激光束不必耗费过多的能量用来熔化填充焊丝。该填充焊丝优选在引入熔池之前至少在一个长度区段中加热到至少为50℃的温度。
为了防止焊缝的脆化,按照本发明的方法的另一个优选设计设置为,在激光焊接期间使熔池加载有保护气体(惰性气体)。在此,特别优选使用纯的氩气、氦气、氮气或它们的混合气,或由氩气、氦气、氮气和/或二氧化碳和/或氧气组成的混合气作为保护气体。
附图说明
随后借助示出实施例的附图进一步说明本发明。其中:
图1以立体视图示出了用于实施按照本发明的激光焊接方法的设备的一部分,其中,两个基本上相等厚度的、能够加压淬火的钢材扁坯在对接接头处相互焊接;以及
图2以立体视图示出了用于实施按照本发明的激光焊接方法的设备的一部分,其中,两个厚度不等、能够加压淬火的钢材扁坯在对接接头处相互焊接。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了一个设备,通过该设备可以实施按照本发明的激光焊接方法。该设备包括一个底座(未示出),两个由不同材料等级的钢材构成的带材或扁坯1、2在该底座上对接地沿着接头3相互接合。例如一个工件1或2具有相对较软的深冲性能,而另一个工件2或1由高强度的钢板构成。工件1、2中的至少一个由能够加压淬火的钢材、例如由锰硼钢构成。
工件1、2基本上一样厚。其厚度为0.5mm到1.8mm之间,例如为1.6mm。
在工件1、2上方描绘出了激光焊头4的一部分,该激光焊头具有用于导引激光束的光学系统(未示出)以及为激光束6设置的聚焦镜5。另外,在该激光焊头4上还设置有用于输送保护气体的导管7。该保护气体导管7的出口基本上对准激光束6的聚焦区域或对准由激光束6产生的熔池8。优选纯氩气或例如由氩气、氦气和/或二氧化碳组成的混合气作为保护气体。另外,激光焊头4还配备有焊丝导入装置9,借助该焊丝导入装置将以焊丝10的形式的特殊填充材料引入至熔池8,该焊丝同样地通过激光束6熔化。将填充焊丝10在已加热的状态下引入熔池8。为此,该焊丝导入装置9配备有至少一个加热部件(未示出),例如围绕焊丝10的加热螺旋管。该填充焊丝10通过加热部件优选加热到至少为50℃的温度,特别优选加热到至少90℃。
图2中示出的实施例与根据图1的实施例的区别在于,工件1、2’厚度不同,从而在对接接头3存在0.2mm至0.4mm之间、例如0.3mm的厚度断层d。例如工件2’具有在1.2mm至1.3mm范围内的板厚,而另一个工件1具有在1.4mm至1.5mm范围内的板厚。除此之外,在对接接头3待相互连接的工件1、2’还可能在其材料等级方面相互区别。例如,更厚的扁坯1由高强度的钢板构成,然而更薄的工件2’具有相对较软的深冲性能。
构成在对接接头3待相互接合的工件1、2或2’中的至少一个的、能够加压淬火的钢材可以例如具有以下的化学组成:
最高0.45重量%的C,
最高0.40重量%的Si,
最高2.0重量%的Mn,
最高0.025重量%的P,
最高0.010重量%的S,
最高0.8重量%的Cr+Mo,
最高0.05重量%的Ti,
最高0.0050重量%的B,和
最低0.010重量%的Al,
剩余铁和不能够避免的杂质。
工件或钢材扁坯1、2或2’可以没有涂层或有涂层,特别设置有Al-Si涂层。在运输状态下,即在热处理和快速冷却之前,能够加压淬火的钢材扁坯1、2和/或2’的屈服极限Re优选为至少300Mpa;其抗拉强度Rm为至少480Mpa,而且其断裂延伸率A80为至少10%。在热成型(加压淬火)之后,即在大约900至920℃下奥氏体化并随后快速冷却之后,该钢材扁坯具有约1100Mpa的屈服极限Re、约1500至2000Mpa的抗拉强度Rm和约5.0%的断裂延伸率A80。
如果工件或钢材扁坯1、2和/或2’设置有铝涂层,特别是Al-Si涂层,在激光焊接前可以剥蚀或部分脱去位于沿待相互焊接的对接边的边缘区域中的涂层。在必要时还可以去除在对接边或切边3上附着的铝涂层材料。铝涂层材料的剥蚀(去除)可以优选借助至少一个激光束进行。
所使用的填充焊丝10例如具有以下化学组成:
0.1重量%的C,
0.8重量%的Si,
1.8重量%的Mn,
0.35重量%的Cr,
0.6重量%的Mo,和
2.25重量%的Ni,
剩余铁和不能够避免的杂质。
填充焊丝10的锰含量在此始终高于能够加压淬火的工件1、2或2’的锰含量。填充焊丝10的锰含量优选比能够加压淬火的工件1、2或2’的锰含量高出约0.2重量%。另外有利的是,填充焊丝10的铬含量和钼含量高于能够加压淬火的工件1、2或2’中的铬含量和钼含量。填充焊丝10的铬-钼组合含量优选比能够加压淬火的工件1、2或2’的铬-钼组合含量高出约0.2重量%。填充焊丝10的镍含量优选在1至4重量%范围内。另外,与工件1、2或2’的能够加压淬火的钢材相比,填充焊丝10优选具有更低的碳含量。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于在对接接头处激光焊接一个或多个工件的方法,所述工件由能够加压淬火的钢材、特别是由锰硼钢构成,其中,一个或多个工件(1、2;1、2’)具有0.5至1.8mm之间的厚度和/或在所述对接接头(3)上产生0.2至0.4mm之间的厚度断层(d),而且其中,所述激光焊接在将填充焊丝(10)引入由至少一个激光束(6)产生的熔池(8)中的条件下进行,其中,所述熔池(8)仅通过至少一个激光束(6)产生,其特征在于,所述填充焊丝(10)含有来自包括锰、铬、钼、硅和/或镍的分组中的至少一种合金元素,所述合金元素有利于在由所述激光束(6)产生的所述熔池(8)中形成奥氏体,其中,所述至少一种合金元素在所述填充焊丝(10)中的重量份额比在一个或多个工件(1、2;1、2’)的能够加压淬火的钢材中高出至少0.1重量%,而且其中,所使用的一个或多个工件(1、2;1、2’)部分去涂层或没有涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,一个或多个工件(1、2;1、2’)的钢材具有以下组成:
0.10-0.50重量%的C,
最高0.40重量%的Si,
0.50-2.00重量%的Mn,
最高0.025重量%的P,
最高0.010重量%的S,
最高0.60重量%的Cr,
最高0.50重量%的Mo,
最高0.050重量%的Ti,
0.0008-0.0070重量%的B,和
最低0.010重量%的Al,
剩余铁和不能够避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述填充焊丝(10)具有以下组成:
0.05-0.15重量%的C,
0.5-2.0重量%的Si,
1.0-2.5重量%的Mn,
0.5-2.0重量%的Cr+Mo,
1.0-4.0重量%的Ni,和
剩余铁和不能够避免的杂质。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,与一个或多个工件(1、2;1、2’)的能够加压淬火的钢材相比,所述填充焊丝(10)具有低出至少0.1重量%的碳重量份额。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述填充焊丝(10)在加热后的状态下引入所述熔池(8)中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述填充焊丝(10)在引入所述熔池(8)之前至少在一个长度区段中加热到至少为50℃的温度。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述激光焊接期间所述熔池(8)加载有保护气体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,将纯的氩气或者由氩气与二氧化碳组成的混合气用作所述保护气体。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,使用的一个或多个工件(1、2;1、2’)具有铝基的或铝-硅基的表面涂层。
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DE102014001979.9 | 2014-02-17 | ||
PCT/EP2015/051780 WO2015121074A1 (de) | 2014-02-17 | 2015-01-29 | Verfahren zum laserschweissen eines oder mehrerer werkstücke aus härtbarem stahl im stumpfstoss |
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CN113967789A (zh) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-25 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | 一种铝硅涂层钢的激光拼焊方法 |
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WO2023025242A1 (zh) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-03-02 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 钢制薄壁拼焊件的制造方法及使用该拼焊件制备的热冲压部件 |
CN113798669A (zh) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-17 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | 一种带涂层热成形钢的激光焊接方法 |
CN114986014A (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-02 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种用于含铝镀层热成形钢激光拼焊用焊丝、拼焊板及其制造方法 |
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BR112016017677A2 (pt) | 2017-08-08 |
CA2939839C (en) | 2019-01-15 |
MX2016010703A (es) | 2016-11-23 |
RU2652341C2 (ru) | 2018-04-25 |
EP3107681B1 (de) | 2018-12-26 |
HUE042790T2 (hu) | 2019-07-29 |
CN106029292B (zh) | 2018-09-25 |
CA2939839A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
BR112016017677B1 (pt) | 2021-01-26 |
ES2709380T3 (es) | 2019-04-16 |
KR20160117609A (ko) | 2016-10-10 |
JP2017512137A (ja) | 2017-05-18 |
WO2015121074A1 (de) | 2015-08-20 |
US20160368094A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
ZA201605658B (en) | 2017-09-27 |
TR201901322T4 (tr) | 2019-02-21 |
DE102014001979A1 (de) | 2015-08-20 |
US9862058B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 |
JP6368791B2 (ja) | 2018-08-01 |
RU2016137149A (ru) | 2018-03-26 |
EP3107681A1 (de) | 2016-12-28 |
RU2016137149A3 (zh) | 2018-03-26 |
KR101860128B1 (ko) | 2018-05-23 |
PT3107681T (pt) | 2019-02-06 |
PL3107681T3 (pl) | 2019-04-30 |
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