WO2014017444A1 - 音響信号変換器のための温度測定装置及び保護装置 - Google Patents
音響信号変換器のための温度測定装置及び保護装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014017444A1 WO2014017444A1 PCT/JP2013/069820 JP2013069820W WO2014017444A1 WO 2014017444 A1 WO2014017444 A1 WO 2014017444A1 JP 2013069820 W JP2013069820 W JP 2013069820W WO 2014017444 A1 WO2014017444 A1 WO 2014017444A1
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- coil
- temperature
- acoustic signal
- signal converter
- yoke
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current making use of a thermal sensor, e.g. thermistor, heated by the excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R3/007—Protection circuits for transducers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/42—Circuits effecting compensation of thermal inertia; Circuits for predicting the stationary value of a temperature
- G01K7/427—Temperature calculation based on spatial modeling, e.g. spatial inter- or extrapolation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
- G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
- G10H3/22—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using electromechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
- H04R29/001—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers
- H04R29/003—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers of the moving-coil type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K2217/00—Temperature measurement using electric or magnetic components already present in the system to be measured
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2220/155—User input interfaces for electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H2220/351—Environmental parameters, e.g. temperature, ambient light, atmospheric pressure, humidity, used as input for musical purposes
Definitions
- the present invention includes a temperature measurement device for an acoustic signal converter that measures the temperature of a coil of the acoustic signal converter, and the temperature measurement device, and protects the acoustic signal converter by suppressing a temperature rise of the coil.
- the present invention relates to a protection device for an acoustic signal converter.
- an electric signal representing a musical sound generated from a tone generator circuit according to a performance of a keyboard is guided to a coil of a transducer that vibrates a soundboard, thereby representing an electric sound representing the musical sound.
- a keyboard instrument with a soundboard that vibrates a soundboard in response to a signal to generate a low-pitched instrument sound is known.
- Patent Document 2 an abnormal current is detected by a transformer in which a primary winding disposed between an output amplifier and a speaker is coupled to a high frequency coil in a switching power supply circuit, and is connected via a CPU. A technique for protecting a speaker and an output amplifier is shown.
- the present invention has been made to cope with the above-described problems, and the object thereof is applied to an acoustic signal converter that converts an electrical signal into an acoustic signal by energizing the coil, and the coil temperature is reduced with a simple configuration.
- Temperature measurement device for an acoustic signal converter capable of measuring a high-accuracy of the signal, and protection for the acoustic signal converter that protects the acoustic signal converter and its peripheral devices with high accuracy using the measured temperature
- reference numerals of corresponding portions of the embodiments described later are shown in parentheses, but each constituent element of the present invention is described. Should not be construed as limited to the configuration of the corresponding parts indicated by the reference numerals of this embodiment.
- the configuration of the present invention includes a coil (16), and the coil temperature of an acoustic signal converter (40, 48) that converts an electrical signal into an acoustic signal by energizing the coil is adjusted.
- an ambient temperature detecting means (21) for detecting an ambient temperature (Ta) of the acoustic signal converter and a voltage (V) applied to a coil are input and input.
- the calculation means calculates the amount of power consumed by the coil using, for example, the resistance value (R L , R L (Tc)) of the coil and the input voltage.
- the calculated coil temperature is fed back to the calculation of the electric energy, the coil resistance value (R L (Tc)) that changes according to the coil temperature, and the input voltage. And calculating the amount of power consumed by the coil.
- the ambient temperature detection means for detecting the ambient temperature is provided, and the calculation means uses the detected ambient temperature and the voltage applied to the coil in the thermal equivalent circuit of the acoustic signal converter. Since the coil temperature is calculated based on this, the coil temperature of the acoustic signal converter can be accurately measured with a simple configuration. In particular, when the temperature of the coil is fed back to the calculation of the electric energy, the resistance value of the coil is calculated with higher accuracy, and as a result, the temperature of the coil is measured with higher accuracy.
- Another configuration of the present invention has a coil (16), and measures the coil temperature (Tc) of the acoustic signal converter (40, 48) that converts an electrical signal into an acoustic signal by energizing the coil.
- calculating means (30, S11, S12) for calculating the coil temperature (Ta) by calculation based on the thermal equivalent circuit of the acoustic signal converter using the detected ambient temperature and the detected current value. is there.
- an ambient temperature detecting means for detecting the ambient temperature and a current detecting means for detecting a current value flowing through the coil are provided, and the computing means includes the detected ambient temperature and current value and the coil. Since the coil temperature is calculated based on the thermal equivalent circuit of the acoustic signal converter using the applied voltage, the coil temperature of the acoustic signal converter can be accurately measured with a simple configuration. In this case, since the amount of power consumed by the coil is calculated using the current value flowing through the coil and the voltage applied to the coil, this amount of power is calculated with high accuracy. Temperature is measured with high accuracy.
- Another configuration of the present invention includes a yoke (44) for forming a magnetic path by the magnet (43) and a coil (16) provided in the magnetic path and displaced with respect to the yoke by energization.
- the acoustic signal converter for measuring the coil temperature of the acoustic signal converter (40, 48) for converting the electrical signal into the acoustic signal by flowing the electrical signal through the coil, the acoustic signal conversion
- An ambient temperature detecting means (21) for detecting the ambient temperature (Ta) of the chamber, a yoke temperature detecting means (25) for detecting the temperature of the yoke, and an acoustic signal converter using the detected ambient temperature and yoke temperature.
- an ambient temperature detecting means for detecting the ambient temperature and a yoke temperature detecting means for detecting the yoke temperature are provided, and the computing means uses the detected ambient temperature and yoke temperature to generate an acoustic signal. Since the temperature of the coil is calculated based on the thermal equivalent circuit of the converter, the temperature of the coil of the acoustic signal converter can be accurately measured with a simple configuration.
- another configuration of the present invention includes wind speed detection means (28) for detecting the wind speed in the atmosphere where the acoustic signal converter is arranged, and the calculation means uses the detected wind speed in calculating the coil temperature. This is because it is used for correction. According to this, even if the wind speed in the atmosphere of the acoustic signal converter changes and the radiation resistance of the members in the acoustic signal converter (for example, yoke, bobbin, etc.) changes, Since the temperature can be reflected, the coil temperature can be measured more accurately.
- a filter for compensating for a difference in position between the ambient temperature detecting means and the acoustic signal converter is considered in the thermal equivalent circuit for calculating the coil temperature by the arithmetic means. It is in doing so. According to this, even if there is a difference between the air temperature at the position of the ambient temperature detecting means and the air temperature at the position of the acoustic signal converter, the ambient temperature detecting means and the acoustic signal converter are located apart from each other. Since the difference in air temperature is also taken into account in the calculation of the coil temperature, the coil temperature is calculated with high accuracy.
- another configuration of the present invention includes the above-described temperature measurement device, and when the calculated temperature of the coil is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the electric signal is not supplied to the coil or the electric signal is supplied to the coil. It is provided with a protective means for reducing the amount. According to this, when the coil temperature becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the coil temperature rise due to energization of the coil is suppressed, so that there is no abnormality or burnout in the acoustic signal converter and its peripheral devices. The acoustic signal converter and its peripheral devices are protected appropriately.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic block diagram which shows the electronic circuit which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention and is incorporated in a piano and vibrates a soundboard. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the transducer which vibrates a soundboard. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the program run by the microcomputer of FIG. (A) is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer for calculating the temperature of the coil of FIG. 1, (B) is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer which concerns on the modification of (A). (A) is a calculation block diagram for calculating the coil temperature by the microcomputer based on the thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 4 (A), and (B) is a thermal equivalent circuit of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a calculation block diagram for calculating the coil temperature by the microcomputer
- FIG. 4C is a detailed calculation block diagram of a part of the calculation units of (A) and (B).
- (A) is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer for calculating the temperature of the coil which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention and deform
- (B) It is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer which concerns on the modification of (A).
- (A) is a calculation block diagram for calculating the temperature of the coil by a microcomputer based on the thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 6 (A), and (B) is a thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 6 (B).
- FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing an electronic circuit for vibrating a soundboard built in a piano according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- (A) is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer for calculating the temperature of the coil of FIG. 8 according to 3rd Embodiment of this invention
- (B) is a transducer which concerns on the modification of (A). It is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit.
- (A) is a calculation block diagram for calculating the coil temperature by the microcomputer based on the thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 9 (A), and (B) is a thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 9 (B).
- FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing an electronic circuit for vibrating a soundboard built in a piano according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- (A) is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer for calculating the temperature of the coil of FIG. 11 concerning 4th Embodiment of this invention
- (B) is a transducer which concerns on the modification of (A). It is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit.
- (A) is a calculation block diagram for calculating the coil temperature by the microcomputer based on the thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 12 (A), and (B) is a thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 12 (B).
- (A) is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer at the time of providing the heat sink in the yoke according to the modification of 1st thru
- (A) is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer at the time of providing the heat-dissipation fan in the bobbin vicinity concerning the modification of 1st thru
- (B) is a modification of (A). It is a figure which shows the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer which concerns.
- (A) is a figure which shows the heat
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an electronic circuit for vibrating a soundboard built in a piano to generate a weak piano sound or other musical instrument sound.
- This piano has a keyboard 11 and a pedal 12.
- the keyboard 11 is a performance means composed of a plurality of white keys and black keys, and is played and released by the performer.
- the pedal 12 includes a damper pedal, a soft pedal, a shift pedal, a sostenuto pedal, and the like, and is a performance means that is operated by a player's foot.
- this piano includes a sensor circuit 13, a sound source circuit 14, an amplifier circuit 15, and a coil 16 in order to generate a weak musical instrument sound.
- the sensor circuit 13 includes a plurality of sensors for detecting the movement position and movement speed of a hammer (not shown) driven by a keystroke operation on the keyboard 11, and the operation position of the pedal 12.
- the sound source circuit 14 is based on the operation position of the pedal 12 based on the movement position and movement speed of the hammer, the operation position of the pedal 12, etc.
- a musical tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the key pressed on the keyboard 11 is output at a volume corresponding to the keying speed.
- the tone signal output from the tone generator circuit 14 is an audio signal (electrical signal) corresponding to a normal piano sound, but may be an audio signal (electrical signal) corresponding to an instrument sound other than the piano sound.
- the audio signal from the sound source circuit 14 is output to the coil 16 via the amplifier circuit 15.
- another audio signal is output from the tone generator circuit 14, but this audio signal is for other channels, and is a circuit similar to the circuit device described below.
- the output destinations of the audio signals for other channels are not shown in the figure.
- the audio signal output from the sound source circuit 14 can also be supplied to headphones other than the coil 16, other audio devices, and the like.
- the amplifying circuit 15 amplifies the input audio signal with an amplification factor K, and outputs the amplified audio signal to one end of the coil 16 via the relay circuit 23.
- the coil 16 is provided in the transducer 40, and the other end of the coil 16 is grounded. As a result, when an audio signal is output from the sound source circuit 14, a current corresponding to the audio signal flows through the coil 16.
- the transducer 40 includes a casing 41 having a bottom surface portion 41a and a top surface portion 41b and having a cylindrical space formed therein.
- the housing 41 is fixed to a piano column at the bottom surface portion 41a, and has a circular through hole at the center of the top surface portion 41b.
- a yoke 42, a magnet 43, and a yoke 44 are accommodated in the housing 41.
- the yoke 42 has a disk part 42a formed in a disk shape and a cylindrical columnar part 42b protruding upward at the center position of the disk part 42a, and the bottom surface of the housing 41 on the lower surface of the disk part 42a. It is fixed on the top.
- the magnet 43 is formed in a cylindrical shape, is fixed on the disk portion 42a of the yoke 42 at the bottom, and penetrates the columnar portion 42b of the yoke 42 through the central through hole.
- the yoke 44 is also formed in a cylindrical shape and is fixed on the magnet 43 at the bottom, and the columnar portion 42b of the yoke 42 is passed through the central through hole. As a result, a magnetic path is formed as shown by a broken line in the figure.
- the transducer 40 includes a bobbin 45 and the coil 16 described above.
- the bobbin 45 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and a disc-shaped cap 46 is fixed to the upper end thereof.
- the bobbin 45 and the cap 46 are used to vibrate a piano sound board 48 and a piece 49 that supports a string (not shown).
- the cap 46 is located directly below or near the piece 49 that supports a string (not shown) on its upper surface. At the position, it is adhered to the lower surface of the soundboard 48 with an adhesive, a double-sided tape or the like.
- the bobbin 45 passes through the through hole of the upper surface portion 41 b of the housing 41, and the lower portion is intruded into the space between the outer peripheral surface of the columnar portion 42 b of the yoke 42 and the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 44.
- the coil 16 is wound on the outer peripheral surface of the bobbin 45 at the position of a magnetic path indicated by a broken line in the drawing.
- a magnetic fluid 47 is interposed between the outer peripheral surface of the coil 16 and the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 44.
- the transducer 40 and the soundboard 48 constitute an acoustic signal converter that converts an audio signal, that is, an electric signal, into an acoustic signal.
- the piano measures the temperature of the coil 16 and protects the transducer 40 including the coil 16 and its peripheral devices, a room temperature sensor 21, an A / D conversion circuit 22, A relay circuit 23 and a microcomputer 30 are provided.
- the room temperature sensor 21 is composed of, for example, a thermal diode temperature sensor, a thermistor temperature sensor, and the like, detects the temperature Ta in the room where the piano is placed, that is, the ambient temperature Ta of the transducer 40, and outputs a detection signal representing the ambient temperature Ta. .
- the room temperature sensor 21 is desirably arranged as close to the transducer 40 as possible.
- the A / D conversion circuit 22 receives a detection signal indicating the voltage V applied to the coil 16 and the ambient temperature Ta, performs A / D conversion, and supplies it to the microcomputer 30.
- the relay circuit 23 is connected between the amplifier circuit 15 and the coil 16 and is a relay switch that is controlled by the microcomputer 30 to perform on / off operation.
- the relay circuit 23 switches between energization and non-energization of the coil 16.
- the voltage at the connection point between the coil 16 and the relay circuit 23 is supplied to the A / D conversion circuit 22 as the applied voltage V.
- the voltage at the connection point may be supplied to the A / D conversion circuit 22 as the applied voltage V.
- the microcomputer 30 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like, and inputs the ambient temperature Ta input from the A / D conversion circuit 22 and the applied voltage V to the coil 16 by the program processing shown in FIG. And the relay circuit 23 is on / off controlled using the calculated temperature Tc.
- the temperature Tc is measured by a heat equivalent circuit calculation based on the heat equivalent circuit assuming a heat equivalent circuit of the transducer 40.
- the magnitude of current (ampere) corresponds to power (watts)
- the magnitude of voltage (volts) corresponds to temperature (° C)
- the magnitude of resistance (ohms) is thermal resistance.
- Capacitance / farad and the capacitance of the capacitor (farad) corresponds to the heat capacity (° C / joule).
- FIG. 4A shows a thermal equivalent circuit for calculating the temperature Tc of the coil 16 in the transducer 40.
- the heat equivalent circuit includes a current source 51 and a voltage source 52.
- the current source 51 corresponds to the heat source generated by the power consumption P of the coil 16 and is controlled by the computing unit 53 that calculates the power consumption P to output a current I1 corresponding to the power consumption P.
- the resistance value of the coil 16 is R L (Tc) and the voltage applied to the coil 16 is V
- the power consumption P of the coil 16 is expressed as in the following equation (1).
- the resistance value R L (Tc) of the coil 16 is expressed as a function of the temperature Tc of the coil 16 as will be described in detail later. Therefore, the calculator 53 receives the voltage V applied to the coil 16 and the temperature Tc of the coil 16 and calculates the power consumption P of the coil 16 according to the following equation (1).
- the voltage source 52 corresponds to the room temperature where the transducer 40 is placed, that is, the ambient temperature Ta, and outputs a voltage corresponding to the ambient temperature Ta detected by the room temperature sensor 21.
- the heat generated in the coil 16 is radiated into the room through the bobbin 45 and radiated into the room through the magnetic fluid 47 and the yoke 44.
- Pb represents the radiated power radiated by the bobbin 45
- Py represents the radiated power radiated through the magnetic fluid 47 and the yoke 44. Therefore, a coil-bobbin thermal resistance 54 and a bobbin thermal resistance 55 are connected in series to the current path corresponding to the heat dissipation path by the bobbin 45 between the current source 51 and the voltage source 52.
- the resistance values of the coil-bobbin thermal resistance 54 and the bobbin heat radiation resistance 55 are R1 and R2, respectively.
- a parallel circuit of a magnetic fluid thermal resistance 56 and a magnetic fluid heat capacity (magnetic fluid thermal capacitor) 57 is provided in a current path corresponding to a heat dissipation path by the magnetic fluid 47 and the yoke 44 between the current source 51 and the voltage source 52.
- a parallel circuit of a yoke heat radiation resistor 58 and a yoke heat capacity (yoke heat capacitor) 59 is connected in series.
- the resistance values of the magnetic fluid thermal resistance 56 and the yoke heat radiation resistance 58 are R3 and R4, respectively.
- the capacity values of the magnetic fluid heat capacity 57 and the yoke heat capacity 59 are C3 and C4, respectively.
- the voltage at the connection point of the current source 51, the coil-bobbin thermal resistance 54, the magnetic fluid thermal resistance 56, and the magnetic fluid thermal capacity 57 is the temperature of the coil 16. It corresponds to Tc.
- the voltage at the connection point between the coil-bobbin thermal resistor 54 and the bobbin heat dissipation resistor 55 corresponds to the temperature Tb of the bobbin 45.
- the voltage at the connection point of the magnetic fluid thermal resistance 56, the magnetic fluid thermal capacity 57, the yoke heat radiation resistance 58, and the yoke thermal capacity 59 corresponds to the yoke temperature Ty.
- FIG. 5A is a block diagram of this calculation
- FIG. 5C is a detailed calculation block diagram of the calculation units 78 and 79 of FIG. 5A.
- an addition unit 71, a multiplication unit 72, an inverse number conversion unit 73, a square calculation unit 74, and a multiplication unit 75 correspond to the calculation unit 53 and the current source 51 of FIG. To do.
- Equation 2 T1 is the temperature of the coil 16 before energization
- R L1 is the resistance value of the coil 16 before energization
- T2 is the temperature of the coil 16 after energization
- R L2 is the coil after energization.
- the resistance value is 16.
- Equation 3 the resistance value R L2 is expressed by Equation 3 below.
- the resistance value R L1 is a value R25.5
- the equation 3 becomes the following equation 4.
- Equation 4 corresponds to the calculation processing by the adder 71 and the multiplier 72.
- the reciprocal conversion unit 73 converts the calculated resistance value R L (Tc) into a reciprocal.
- the square calculation unit 74 squares the input voltage V applied to the coil 16, and the multiplication unit 75 multiplies both outputs of the reciprocal conversion unit 73 and the square calculation unit 74 and outputs the result.
- the calculation processing of the reciprocal conversion unit 73, the square calculation unit 74, and the multiplication unit 75 corresponds to the calculation of the above formula 1. As a result, the power consumption P of the coil 16 is calculated from the multiplication unit 75. .
- the subtraction unit 76 subtracts the multiplication result from the multiplication unit 77 from the multiplication result of the multiplication unit 75 and outputs the result to the calculation units 78 and 79.
- the multiplication unit 77 multiplies the addition result by the addition unit 80 by the value 1 / (R1 + R2).
- the arithmetic processing by the multiplication unit 77 is performed by calculating the voltage across the coil-bobbin thermal resistance 54 and the bobbin heat dissipation resistor 55 by the sum of the resistance value R1 of the coil-bobbin heat resistance 54 and the resistance value R2 of the bobbin heat dissipation resistor 55 It is an operation to divide, and is an arithmetic processing to calculate the amount of current flowing through the coil-bobbin thermal resistance 54 and the bobbin heat dissipation resistor 55. In the heat equivalent circuit, since current corresponds to power, the calculation result by the multiplier 77 corresponds to the heat radiation power Pb from the bobbin 45.
- the subtracting unit 76 subtracts the heat dissipation power Pb from the bobbin 45 from the power consumption P of the coil 16 and outputs it, the output of the subtraction unit 76 corresponds to the heat dissipation power Py from the magnetic fluid 47 and the yoke 44.
- the calculation unit 78 inputs a current corresponding to the heat radiated power Py from the magnetic fluid 47 and the yoke 44, and calculates the voltage across the magnetic fluid thermal resistance 56 and the magnetic fluid heat capacity 57, that is, the temperature rise ⁇ Tcy in the magnetic fluid 47. To do.
- the calculation unit 79 inputs a current corresponding to the heat dissipation power Py from the magnetic fluid 47 and the yoke 44, and calculates the voltage across the yoke heat dissipation resistor 58 and the yoke heat capacity 59, that is, the temperature rise ⁇ Tya in the yoke 44. is there. Detailed calculation blocks of the calculation units 78 and 79 will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the adding unit 80 adds both output values of the calculating units 78 and 79, and the output thereof is to calculate a sum value ⁇ Tca of the temperature rise ⁇ Tcy in the magnetic fluid 47 and the temperature rise ⁇ Tya in the yoke 44. In other words, this means that the voltage across the series circuit of the magnetic fluid thermal resistor 56 and the yoke heat radiation resistor 58 is calculated.
- the output of the adding unit 80 is supplied to the adding unit 81, and the adding unit 81 adds the ambient temperature Ta to the output value of the adding unit 80 and outputs the result. Therefore, the output of the adding unit 81 represents the temperature Tc of the coil 16.
- each of the calculation units 78 and 79 includes gain control units (multiplication units) 82, 84, 86, and 87, a delay unit 85, a subtraction unit 83, and an addition unit 88.
- the gain control unit 82 multiplies the heat radiation power Py by the gain G and outputs the result to the subtraction unit 83.
- the subtraction unit 83 subtracts the input value from the gain control unit 84 from the input value from the gain control unit 82 and outputs the result to the gain control unit 86 and the delay unit 85, respectively.
- the delay unit 85 delays the input value from the subtraction unit 83 by unit delay, and outputs it to the gain control units 84 and 87, respectively.
- the gain control unit 84 multiplies the input value from the delay unit 85 by the gain b 1 and outputs the result to the subtraction unit 83.
- the gain controller 86 multiplies the input value from the subtractor 83 by the gain a 0 and outputs the result to the adder 88.
- the gain control unit 87 multiplies the input value from the delay unit 85 by the gain a 1 and outputs the result to the addition unit 88.
- the adder 88 adds both input values from the gain controllers 86 and 87 and outputs the result.
- the gain G of the gain control unit 82 is R3 ⁇ W3 / ( ⁇ 3 + W3), and the gain b 1 of the gain control unit 84 is ( ⁇ 3 ⁇ W3) / ( ⁇ 3 + W3), the gain a 0 of the gain controller 86 is “1”, and the gain a 1 of the gain controller 87 is “1”.
- the value ⁇ 3 is 2 / T3, and the value W3 is 1 / C3 ⁇ R3.
- the calculating unit 79 when the sampling period of the radiating power Py and T4, the gain G of the gain control unit 82 is R4 ⁇ W4 / ( ⁇ 4 + W4 ), the gain b 1 of the gain controller 84 (alpha 4-W4 ) / ( ⁇ 4 + W4), the gain a 0 of the gain controller 86 is “1”, and the gain a 1 of the gain controller 87 is “1”.
- the value ⁇ 4 is 2 / T4, and the value W3 is 1 / C4 ⁇ R4.
- the resistance values R1, R2, R3, and R4 and the capacitance values C3 and C4 used in the calculation blocks in FIGS. 5A and 5C are all known values as described above. If the voltage V applied to the coil 16 and the ambient temperature Ta are input, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated according to the calculation blocks of FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (C).
- the performance operation on the keyboard 11 and the pedal 12 is detected by the sensor circuit 13, and a detection signal representing the performance by the sensor circuit 13 is supplied to the sound source circuit 14.
- the sound source circuit 14 outputs an electric musical tone signal (audio signal) representing a piano sound to the coil 16 via the amplifier circuit 15 and the relay circuit 23 based on the detection signal representing this performance.
- the relay circuit 23 is controlled to be turned off when the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is equal to or higher than a predetermined upper limit temperature Tup, and is set to the on state at least in the initial stage. Therefore, a voltage signal obtained by amplifying the audio signal with the amplification factor K flows through the coil 16.
- This voltage signal causes a current in the coil 16 to flow in a magnitude proportional to the voltage signal.
- the transducer 40 vibrates the bobbin 45 and the cap 46 in the vertical direction of FIG. 2 by the current flowing through the coil 16, so that the soundboard 48 and the piece 49 vibrate corresponding to the vibration of the bobbin 45 and the cap 46. Therefore, the audio signal is converted into an acoustic signal by the vibration of the soundboard 48, and the performer and listener can hear the performance sound corresponding to the performance of the keyboard 11 and the pedal 12 of the performer.
- the performance sound due to the vibration of the soundboard 38 using the transducer 40 is an instrument sound having a lower volume than that when the string is vibrated by a hammer, that is, a weak instrument sound.
- the microcomputer 30 In the piano operating state, the microcomputer 30 repeatedly executes the program of FIG. 3 every predetermined short time. The execution of this program is started in step S10, and the microcomputer 30 inputs the voltage V (audio signal) applied to the coil 16 and the ambient temperature Ta via the A / D conversion circuit 22 in step S11. Next, the microcomputer 30 calculates the temperature Tc of the coil 16 in step S12. Calculation of the temperature of this coil 16 is performed according to the arithmetic processing shown by the arithmetic block of FIG. 5 (A) (C) based on the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer 40 of FIG. 4 (A).
- the microcomputer 30 determines in step S13 whether the calculated temperature Tc of the coil 16 is equal to or higher than the upper limit temperature Tup.
- the upper limit temperature Tup is a temperature at which the coil 16 has risen excessively. In this case, if the temperature Tc of the coil 16 has not increased excessively, the microcomputer 30 determines “No” in step S13, that is, determines that the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is lower than the upper limit temperature Tup, and proceeds to step S15. Terminate the program execution. Therefore, in this case, the performance sound due to the vibration of the sound board 48 continues to be generated by driving the transducer 40 by the audio signal described above.
- the microcomputer 30 determines “Yes” in step S13 and controls the relay circuit 23 in the off state in step S14. . As a result, in this case, the input signal path to the coil 16 is blocked, no audio signal flows through the coil 16, and the generation of the performance sound stops.
- the microcomputer 30 inputs the applied voltage V of the coil 16 and the ambient temperature Ta by the room temperature sensor 21, and performs the input by arithmetic processing based on the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer 40.
- the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated using only the applied voltage V and the ambient temperature Ta.
- the temperature Tc of the coil 16 can be accurately measured with a simple configuration.
- the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is fed back in the process of calculating the power consumption P of the coil 16 used for calculating the temperature Tc, and the resistance of the coil 16 corresponding to the temperature Tc is calculated.
- the value R L (Tc) is used for calculating the power consumption P.
- the relay circuit 23 when the temperature Tc of the coil 16 becomes equal to or higher than the upper limit temperature Tup using the measured temperature Tc of the coil 16, the relay circuit 23 is switched to the OFF state and the coil 16 is supplied with current. Was prevented from flowing. As a result, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 does not increase excessively, and it is possible to avoid the occurrence of an abnormality in the coil 16 and its peripheral devices, or the coil 16 and its peripheral devices being burned out. Is properly protected. Therefore, this relay circuit 23 functions as a protection means for protecting the coil 16 and its peripheral devices.
- the indoor temperature Ta detected by the room temperature sensor 21 is the ambient temperature Ta of the transducer 40.
- the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated.
- the temperature Ta detected by the room temperature sensor 21 may not be handled as the ambient temperature of the transducer 40. That is, the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the position of the transducer 40 are separated from each other, and a slight temperature difference may occur between the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40. is there.
- the above-described thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 4 (A) is deformed as shown in FIG. 4 (B). That is, in the thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 4B, the air between the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40 is interposed between the current source 51 and the voltage source 52 as compared to the thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. A low-pass filter including a thermal resistance 52a and a heat capacity 52b of air between the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40 is added.
- the resistance value of the thermal resistance 52a is R5 and the capacitance value of the thermal capacity 52b is C5, both of which are known values obtained in advance by measurement.
- a calculation block diagram corresponding to the thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 4B is as shown in FIG.
- the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 is calculated by the calculation unit 52c and input to the addition unit 81 as the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40.
- the other parts are the same as those in the arithmetic block diagram of FIG.
- the calculation unit 52c is configured as shown in FIG. 5C, similarly to the calculation units 78 and 79 described above. In this case, in FIG.
- the microcomputer 30 executes the program of FIG. 3 as in the case of the first embodiment.
- step S12 the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated according to the calculation blocks of FIG. 5 (B) and FIG. 5 (C). Therefore, according to this modification, even if the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40 are separated and there is a difference between the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40, Since this difference in air temperature is taken into account in the calculation of the coil temperature Tc, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated with high accuracy.
- a piano according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the electronic circuit of the piano according to the second embodiment is also configured similarly to the schematic block diagram of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the piano transducer 40 according to the second embodiment is configured in the same manner as the transducer according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- only the thermal equivalent circuit for calculating the temperature Tc of the coil 16 and the calculation block for calculating the temperature Tc of the coil 16 based on the thermal equivalent circuit are the cases of the first embodiment.
- the other points are the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, hereinafter, in the description of the second embodiment, only the points different from the first embodiment will be described, and the same portions will be denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the resistance value R L is always constant, ignoring the change in the resistance value R L of the coil 16 due to the change in the temperature Tc of the coil 16. Therefore, in the thermal equivalent circuit of the transducer 40, as shown in FIG. 6A, the feedback path of the temperature Tc of the coil 16 in the first embodiment is omitted, and the arithmetic unit 53 in the first embodiment is replaced. And an arithmetic unit 61.
- the arithmetic unit 61 inputs only the voltage V applied to the coil 16 and calculates the power consumption P of the coil 16 according to the following formula 5.
- the resistance value R L is a known value measured in advance. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- a calculation block for calculating the temperature Tc of the coil 16 based on this thermal equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG. That is, in this calculation block, the addition unit 71, the multiplication unit 72, and the reciprocal conversion unit 73 in the calculation block of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5A are omitted, and instead of the multiplication unit 75, FIG.
- the calculation unit 91 calculates the power consumption P of the coil 16 by dividing the square value V 2 of the input voltage V from the square calculation unit 74 by the resistance value R L of the coil 16, and outputs it to the addition unit 76. To do.
- Other parts of the calculation block are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the microcomputer 30 calculates the temperature Tc of the coil 16 by executing the program shown in FIG. It is determined whether Tc is equal to or higher than the upper limit temperature Tup. However, in this case, in step S12, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated using the applied voltage V and the ambient temperature Ta according to the calculation block of FIG. If the calculated temperature Tc is lower than the upper limit temperature Tup, the relay circuit 23 is kept on, and the audio signal (voltage signal) is continuously applied to the coil 16 so that the audio signal is converted into an acoustic signal. The performer and the listener can hear the performance sound corresponding to the performance of the keyboard 11 and the pedal 12 of the performer.
- the relay circuit 23 is switched to the OFF state, the application of the audio signal (voltage signal) to the coil 16 is cut off, and the temperature Tc of the coil 16 becomes excessive. It is possible to prevent the coil 16 and its peripheral devices from becoming abnormal, and the coil 16 and its peripheral devices from being burned out.
- the microcomputer 30 inputs the applied voltage V of the coil 16 and the ambient temperature Ta by the room temperature sensor 21, and uses only the input applied voltage V and the ambient temperature Ta to input the coil 16.
- the temperature Tc is calculated.
- the power consumption P of the coil 16 is calculated according to the calculation block shown in FIG. 7A, that is, with the resistance value R L of the coil 16 as a fixed value. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, since the change of the resistance value R L (Tc) of the coil 16 due to the change of the temperature Tc is ignored, the accuracy of the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is the same as that of the first embodiment. Although somewhat worse, the calculation of the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is simpler than that of the first embodiment.
- the indoor temperature Ta detected by the room temperature sensor 21 is the atmospheric temperature Ta of the transducer 40.
- the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated.
- the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the position of the transducer 40 are separated from each other, and there is a slight temperature difference between the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40. May occur. Therefore, in this case as well, the space between the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40 is taken into consideration, and the above-described thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 6A is modified as shown in FIG.
- the operation block diagram of 7 (A) is modified as shown in FIG. 7 (B). Since the modification is the same as the case of the heat equivalent circuit and the operation block diagram in the modification of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.
- the microcomputer 30 calculates the temperature Tc of the coil 16 according to the calculation block of FIG. 7B according to the modified example. Therefore, even in this modification, even if the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40 are separated, even if there is a difference between the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40, Since the difference in air temperature is taken into account in the calculation of the coil temperature Tc, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated with high accuracy.
- the electronic circuit of the piano according to the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the current detection resistor has a small resistance value r determined in advance between the coil 16 and the ground. 24 (that is, a resistor 24 as a current detecting means) is connected.
- the voltage Vr at the connection point between the resistor 24 and the coil 16 (that is, the terminal voltage Vr of the resistor 24) is supplied to the A / D conversion circuit 22. Since the resistance value r of the resistor 24 is small, the voltage V applied to the coil 16 is not affected.
- the A / D conversion circuit 22 is connected to the terminal of the resistor 24 in addition to the A / D conversion of the detection signal indicating the applied voltage V of the coil 16 and the ambient temperature Ta detected by the room temperature sensor 21 in the first embodiment.
- the voltage Vr is also A / D converted and supplied to the microcomputer 30.
- the other parts of the electronic circuit are configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the piano transducer 40 according to the third embodiment is also configured in the same manner as the lance transducer of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Therefore, also in the case of the third embodiment, only the points different from the first embodiment will be described, and the same parts will be denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the feedback of the temperature Tc of the coil 16 in the first embodiment is performed.
- the path is omitted, and a multiplier 62 is provided instead of the computing unit 53 in the first embodiment.
- the multiplier 62 receives the voltage V applied to the coil 16 and the current I calculated by the divider 62a, and calculates the power consumption P of the coil 16 according to the following equation (6).
- the divider 62 a divides the terminal voltage Vr of the resistor 24 by the resistance value r of the resistor 24 and calculates the current I flowing through the coil 16.
- a resistor having a reference unit resistance value r that can be regarded as the current I can be used as the resistor 24, or the current I that substantially flows the terminal voltage Vr through the coil 16 by the subsequent arithmetic processing.
- the divider 62a may be omitted.
- Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the calculation block for calculating the temperature Tc of the coil 16 based on this thermal equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG. That is, in this calculation block, the addition unit 71, multiplication unit 72, reciprocal conversion unit 73, and calculation unit 74 in the calculation block of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Instead of the multiplication unit 75, a multiplication unit 92 and a division unit 92a corresponding to the multiplier 62 and the divider 62a shown in FIG.
- the division unit 92a calculates the current value I by dividing the terminal voltage Vr by the resistance value r.
- the multiplier 92 calculates the power consumption P by multiplying the voltage value V by the current value I, and outputs it to the adder 76.
- Other parts of the calculation block are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the microcomputer 30 calculates the temperature Tc of the coil 16 by executing the program shown in FIG. It is determined whether Tc is equal to or higher than the upper limit temperature Tup. However, in this case, in step S11, in addition to the applied voltage V and the ambient temperature Ta, the terminal voltage Vr (substantially represents the current value I) is input. In step S12, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is determined using the applied voltage V, the terminal voltage Vr (substantially representing the current value I), and the ambient temperature Ta according to the calculation block of FIG. Calculated.
- the relay circuit 23 If the calculated temperature Tc is lower than the upper limit temperature Tup, the relay circuit 23 is kept on, and the audio signal (voltage signal) is continuously applied to the coil 16 so that the audio signal is converted into an acoustic signal. The performer and the listener can hear the performance sound corresponding to the performance of the keyboard 11 and the pedal 12 of the performer.
- the relay circuit 23 is switched to the OFF state, the application of the audio signal (voltage signal) to the coil 16 is cut off, and the temperature Tc of the coil 16 becomes excessive. It is possible to prevent the coil 16 and its peripheral devices from becoming abnormal, and the coil 16 and its peripheral devices from being burned out.
- the microcomputer 30 adds the terminal voltage Vr (substantially the current value I) of the resistor 24 in addition to the applied voltage V and the ambient temperature Ta of the coil 16. And the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated using the applied voltage V, the terminal voltage Vr (substantially represents the current value I), and the ambient temperature Ta according to the calculation block of FIG. To do. Therefore, according to the third embodiment, the current value I flowing through the coil 16 needs to be detected. However, since the current value I can be detected with a simple configuration, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 can be calculated. As in the case of the first embodiment, the operation is simplified.
- the indoor temperature Ta detected by the room temperature sensor 21 is the ambient temperature Ta of the transducer 40.
- the coil temperature Tc was calculated.
- the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the position of the transducer 40 are separated from each other, and there is a slight temperature difference between the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40. May occur. Therefore, also in this case, considering the space between the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40, the above-described thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 9A is modified as shown in FIG.
- the arithmetic block diagram of 10 (A) is modified as shown in FIG. 10 (B). Since the modification is the same as the case of the heat equivalent circuit and the operation block diagram in the modification of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.
- the microcomputer 30 calculates the temperature Tc of the coil 16 according to the calculation block of FIG. 10B according to the modified example. Therefore, even in this modification, even if the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40 are separated, even if there is a difference between the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40, Since the difference in air temperature is taken into account in the calculation of the coil temperature Tc, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated with high accuracy.
- the applied voltage V of the coil 16 is applied to the A / D conversion circuit 22 as compared with the case of the first embodiment shown in FIG. A connection line for inputting is omitted, and a yoke temperature sensor 25 is provided instead.
- the yoke temperature sensor 25 is composed of, for example, a thermal diode temperature sensor, a thermistor temperature sensor, etc., and is assembled to the yoke 44 as shown by a broken line in FIG. 2, and detects the temperature (ie, yoke temperature) Ty of the yoke 44.
- a detection signal representing the yoke temperature Ty is output to the A / D conversion circuit 22.
- the A / D conversion circuit 22 A / D converts a detection signal representing the yoke temperature Ty instead of the voltage V applied to the coil 16 in the first embodiment and supplies the detection signal to the microcomputer 30.
- the other parts of the electronic circuit are configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the piano transducer 40 according to the fourth embodiment is configured in the same manner as the lance reducer of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Therefore, also in the case of this 4th Embodiment, only a different point from the said 1st Embodiment is demonstrated, the same code
- the applied voltage V of the coil 16 in the first embodiment is The input path, the feedback path of the temperature Tc of the coil 16, and the calculator 53 are omitted.
- the current source 51, the coil bobbin resistor 54, and the bobbin heat dissipation resistor 55 are not necessary, but are present as components of the transducer 40. These components 51, 54 and 55 are also included in FIG.
- a voltage source 63 is provided between the connection point between the magnetic fluid thermal resistor 56 and the yoke heat radiation resistor 58 and the ground.
- the voltage source 63 corresponds to the yoke temperature Ty and outputs a voltage corresponding to the yoke temperature Ty detected by the yoke temperature sensor 25.
- Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the calculation block for calculating the temperature Tc of the coil 16 based on this thermal equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG.
- the voltage at the connection point between the magnetic fluid thermal resistor 56 and the yoke heat dissipation resistor 58 corresponds to the yoke temperature Ty
- the voltage across the yoke heat dissipation resistor 58 is the difference Ty ⁇ Ta between the yoke temperature Ty and the ambient temperature Ta (Yoke Corresponding to the temperature rise ⁇ Tya).
- a subtraction unit 93 is provided in the calculation block.
- a current corresponding to the difference Ty ⁇ Ta flows through a parallel circuit of the magnetic fluid thermal resistance 56 and the magnetic fluid thermal capacity (magnetic fluid thermal capacitor) 57, and this current causes a voltage across the magnetic fluid thermal resistance 56 (magnetic fluid).
- the temperature increase ⁇ Tcy) is determined, and the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated by adding the yoke temperature increase ⁇ Tya (temperature difference Ty ⁇ Ta) and the magnetic fluid temperature increase ⁇ Tcy to the ambient temperature Ta.
- the magnetic fluid temperature increase ⁇ Tcy is calculated by the arithmetic processing of the subtraction unit 93 and the arithmetic units 78 and 94
- the yoke temperature increase ⁇ Tya is calculated by the arithmetic processing of the subtraction unit 93 and the arithmetic units 79 and 94.
- the magnetic fluid temperature increase ⁇ Tcy and the yoke temperature increase ⁇ Tya are added by the addition process of the adding unit 80.
- an addition value ⁇ Tca of the magnetic fluid temperature increase ⁇ Tcy and the yoke temperature increase ⁇ Tya is added to the ambient temperature Ta by the calculation process of the adding unit 81.
- the calculation contents of the calculation units 78 and 79 and the addition units 80 and 81 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the calculation unit 94 is calculation processing for converting a value obtained by calculation processing similar to the calculation unit 79 into an inverse number.
- the microcomputer 30 calculates the temperature Tc of the coil 16 by executing the program shown in FIG. It is determined whether Tc is equal to or higher than the upper limit temperature Tup. In this case, however, the ambient temperature Ta and the yoke temperature Ty are input in step S11. In step S12, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated using the ambient temperature Ta and the yoke temperature Ty according to the calculation block of FIG. If the calculated temperature Tc is lower than the upper limit temperature Tup, the relay circuit 23 is kept on, and the audio signal (voltage signal) is continuously applied to the coil 16 so that the audio signal is converted into an acoustic signal.
- the performer and the listener can hear the performance sound corresponding to the performance of the keyboard 11 and the pedal 12 of the performer.
- the relay circuit 23 is switched to the OFF state, the application of the audio signal (voltage signal) to the coil 16 is cut off, and the temperature Tc of the coil 16 becomes excessive. It is possible to prevent the coil 16 and its peripheral devices from becoming abnormal, and the coil 16 and its peripheral devices from being burned out.
- the microcomputer 30 inputs the ambient temperature Ta and the yoke temperature Ty according to the calculation block of FIG.
- the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated using the temperature Ty. Therefore, according to the fourth embodiment, the yoke temperature sensor 25 for detecting the yoke temperature Ty is necessary, but the arithmetic processing is simplified as compared with the first to third embodiments, and the coil 16 This makes it easier to calculate the temperature Tc.
- the indoor temperature Ta detected by the room temperature sensor 21 is the ambient temperature Ta of the transducer 40.
- the coil temperature Tc was calculated.
- the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the position of the transducer 40 are separated from each other, and there is a slight temperature difference between the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40. May occur. Therefore, in this case as well, the space between the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40 is taken into consideration, and the above-described thermal equivalent circuit of FIG. 12A is modified as shown in FIG.
- the operation block diagram of FIG. 13A is modified as shown in FIG. Since the modification is the same as the case of the heat equivalent circuit and the operation block diagram in the modification of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.
- the microcomputer 30 calculates the temperature Tc of the coil 16 according to the calculation block of FIG. 13B according to the modified example. Therefore, even in this modification, even if the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40 are separated, even if there is a difference between the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40, Since the difference in air temperature is taken into account in the calculation of the coil temperature Tc, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated with high accuracy.
- the terminal voltage of the coil 16 is input to the microcomputer 30 via the A / D conversion circuit 22 as the applied voltage V to the coil 16.
- the output voltage of the amplifier circuit 15 on the input side of the relay circuit 23 may be input to the microcomputer 30 via the A / D conversion circuit 22.
- the input voltage of the amplifier circuit 15 is input to the microcomputer 30 via the A / D conversion circuit 22, and the microcomputer 30 converts the input voltage to K. You may make it use as the applied voltage V to the coil 16 by multiplying.
- the temperature Tc of the coil 16 can be measured with higher accuracy when the wind speed in the room (atmosphere) in which the transducer 40 is disposed is taken into consideration. become.
- the resistance value R2 of the bobbin heat dissipation resistor 55 and the resistance value R4 of the yoke heat dissipation resistor 58 decrease. Therefore, the resistance values R2 and R4 may be corrected so as to decrease as the wind speed in the atmosphere in which the transducer 40 is disposed increases.
- a conversion table, a conversion function, or the like that is created based on experimental measurement results and represents resistance values R2 and R4 that change according to the wind speed may be used.
- the wind speed is arranged near the transducer 40, detects the wind speed in the atmosphere of the transducer 40, and outputs a detection signal representing the detected wind speed.
- the sensor 28 is connected to the A / D conversion circuit 22.
- the A / D conversion circuit 22 also A / D converts this detection signal representing the wind speed and supplies it to the microcomputer 30.
- the microcomputer 30 corrects the resistance values R2 and R4 in the thermal equivalent circuit of FIGS. 4, 6, 9, and 12 and the calculation blocks of FIGS. 5, 7, 10, and 13 so that the resistance values R2 and R4 decrease as the detected wind speed increases. Then, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated.
- a relay circuit 23 that is, a relay switch, is provided as a protection means for allowing or blocking the energization of the audio signal to the coil 16 after the amplifier circuit 15.
- the relay circuit 23 serving as the protection means
- an electronic switch circuit constituted by a transistor or the like may be provided, and the microcomputer 30 may be controlled to turn on / off the electronic switch circuit.
- the relay circuit 23 or the electronic switch circuit as the protection means controls the passage or blocking of the audio signal to the coil 16, so that the relay circuit 23 or the electronic switch can be used as long as it is a path of the audio signal to the coil 16.
- the circuit may be provided anywhere, and the relay circuit 23 or the electronic switch circuit may be provided between the sound source circuit 14 and the amplifier circuit 15.
- the electronic switch circuit 26 a relay circuit similar to the relay circuit (relay switch) 23 used in the first to fourth embodiments and modifications thereof is used, and the microcomputer 30 includes the relay circuit. May be kept in the normally off state, and when the temperature Tc of the coil 16 becomes equal to or higher than the upper limit temperature Tup, the relay circuit may be switched to the on state to cut off the energization of the audio signal to the coil 16. Furthermore, in this modification, these electronic switch circuits 26 or relay circuits may be provided between the connection line between the amplifier circuit 15 and the coil 16 and the ground.
- an electronic volume can be used instead of the electronic switch circuit 26 or the relay circuit described above.
- the electronic volume 27 may be provided between the connection line between the sound source circuit 14 and the amplifier circuit 15 and the ground.
- a resistor 29 is provided between the sound source circuit 14 and the terminal of the electronic volume 27 on the sound source circuit 14 side.
- the electronic volume 27 is controlled by the microcomputer 30 and is kept at the maximum volume when the temperature Tc of the coil 16 does not reach the upper limit temperature Tup, and when the temperature Tc of the coil 16 exceeds the upper limit temperature Tup.
- the volume value may be decreased to reduce the energization amount by the audio signal to the coil 16.
- the electronic volume 27 may be provided between the connection line between the amplifier circuit 15 and the coil 16 and the ground.
- the magnetic fluid 47 is provided in the transducer 40.
- the present invention can also be applied to a transducer not provided with the magnetic fluid 47.
- the magnetic fluid thermal resistance 56 and the magnetic fluid thermal capacity (magnetic fluid thermal capacitor) 57 are changed to an air thermal resistance and an air thermal capacity.
- the resistance value of the air thermal resistance is extremely larger than that of the magnetic fluid thermal resistance 56, and the resistance value R3 in the thermal equivalent circuit of FIGS. 4, 6, 9, and 12 is the above-described first to fourth embodiments and their modifications. Compared to the example, it is extremely large.
- the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments and their modifications. It becomes higher than the case of the example.
- the present invention can also be applied to a transducer in which a yoke 44 is provided with a heat sink.
- the heat equivalent circuit of FIG. 4A is arranged in parallel with the yoke heat dissipation resistor 58 and the yoke heat capacity (yoke heat capacitor) 59 in parallel with the heat sink heat resistance 64 and the heat sink heat capacity. (Heat radiator heat capacitor) 65 is connected.
- the resistance value R4 of the yoke heat radiation resistor 58 in FIGS. 4A, 6A, 9A, and 12A is substantially reduced.
- the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is lower than that in the first to fourth embodiments.
- the present invention can be applied to a transducer in which a heat dissipation fan is provided in the vicinity of the bobbin 45.
- a heat radiating fan resistor 66 is connected in parallel with the bobbin heat radiating resistor 55 as shown in FIG.
- the resistance value R2 of the bobbin heat dissipation resistor 55 in FIGS. 4A, 6A, 9A, and 12A is substantially reduced.
- the coil The temperature Tc of 16 is lower than in the case of the first to fourth embodiments.
- the resistance value R4 of the yoke heat dissipation resistor 58 is also lowered.
- the present invention can also be applied to a transducer in which a heat pipe is provided in the yoke 44 so that the heat of the yoke 44 is released to the piano frame.
- the heat equivalent circuit of FIG. 4A is parallel to the yoke heat dissipation resistor 58 and the yoke heat capacity (yoke heat capacitor) 59 in parallel with the heat pipe heat dissipation resistor 67 and the frame heat dissipation resistor.
- 68 and a frame heat capacity (frame heat capacitor) 69 are connected in parallel to the frame heat radiation resistor 68.
- the resistance value of the heat pipe heat radiation resistor 67 is represented as R6
- the resistance value of the frame heat radiation resistor 68 is represented as R7
- the capacitance value of the frame heat capacity 69 is represented as C7.
- the resistance value R4 of the yoke heat radiation resistor 58 in FIGS. 4A, 6A, 9A, and 12A is substantially reduced.
- the coil The temperature Tc of 16 is lower than in the case of the first to fourth embodiments.
- the coil temperature Tc is calculated on the assumption that the room temperature Ta detected by the room temperature sensor 21 is the ambient temperature Ta of the transducer 40.
- the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the position of the transducer 40 are separated from each other, and there is a slight temperature between the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40. Differences may occur. Therefore, also in these cases, considering the space between the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40, the thermal equivalent circuits of FIGS.
- FIG. 15A, 16A, and 17A described above are respectively illustrated in FIG. 15 (B), FIG. 16 (B) and FIG. 17 (B) are modified. Further, since the modification is the same as the case of the heat equivalent circuit in the modification of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.
- the microcomputer 30 calculates the temperature Tc of the coil 16 according to the calculation block corresponding to the modified example. Therefore, even in this modification, even if the room temperature sensor 21 and the transducer 40 are separated, even if there is a difference between the air temperature Ta at the position of the room temperature sensor 21 and the air temperature Tr at the position of the transducer 40, Since the difference in air temperature is taken into account in the calculation of the coil temperature Tc, the temperature Tc of the coil 16 is calculated with high accuracy.
- one audio signal output from the sound source circuit 14 is guided to the coil 16 of one transducer 40, and the sound board 48 is moved by one transducer 40. It was made to vibrate.
- one audio signal output from the sound source circuit 14 may be guided to coils of a plurality of transducers, and the soundboard 38 may be vibrated by the plurality of transducers.
- the present invention is applied to the piano.
- the present invention is an electronic musical instrument in which, in an electronic musical instrument that does not have a soundboard, a soundboard that is vibrated by an audio signal is newly provided and the newly provided soundboard is vibrated by the transducer 40.
- the present invention can also be applied to an acoustic signal converter that converts an audio signal into an acoustic signal by a speaker that vibrates a vibrating member such as cone paper by energizing the voice coil instead of vibrating the soundboard.
- the coils 16 of the first to fourth embodiments and their modifications may be employed as the voice coil of the speaker.
- an audio signal is generated from the tone generator circuit 14 in accordance with the performance operation of the keyboard 11 and the pedal 12.
- an audio signal may be generated from the sound source circuit 14 in accordance with a performance operation of a performance operator other than the keyboard 11 and the pedal 12.
- an audio signal may be generated from the tone generator circuit 14 in accordance with performance data stored in advance.
- the present invention is not limited to musical instruments, and can be applied to various acoustic signal converters as long as it is an acoustic signal converter that converts an audio signal into an acoustic signal using a transducer, a speaker, and the like. Even if it does not exist, the recorded audio signal may be directly guided to a transducer, a speaker or the like to be converted into an acoustic signal.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の第1実施形態に係るピアノについて説明する。このピアノは、鍵盤の打鍵操作及び離鍵操作に応じてアクション機構を介してハンマーを駆動し、ハンマーによる打弦に応じてピアノ音を発生するものであるが、電気信号によりトランスデューサを駆動制御し、トランスデューサにより響板を駆動して弱音を発生する機能も備えている。以降、本発明に直接関係する弱音を発生する部分について詳細に説明する。図1は、弱音のピアノ音又はその他の楽器音を発生するために、ピアノに内蔵されて響板を加振するための電子回路を示す概略ブロック図である。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態に係るピアノについて説明する。この第2実施形態に係るピアノの電子回路も、上記図1に示した第1実施形態の概略ブロック図と同様に構成されている。また、この第2実施形態に係るピアノのトランスデューサ40も、上記図2に示した第1実施形態のトランスデューサと同様に構成されている。そして、この第2実施形態は、コイル16の温度Tcを計算するための熱等価回路と、この熱等価回路に基づいてコイル16の温度Tcを計算する演算ブロックのみが上記第1実施形態の場合と相違し、他の点については上記第1実施形態と同じである。したがって、以降、第2実施形態の説明においては、上記第1実施形態と異なる点のみを説明し、同一部分については同一符号を付してその説明を省略する。
次に、本発明の第3実施形態に係るピアノについて説明する。この第3実施形態に係るピアノの電子回路は、上記図1に示した第1実施形態の場合に対して、コイル16と接地間に予め決められた小さな抵抗値rを有する電流検出用の抵抗24(すなわち、電流検出手段としての抵抗24)が接続されている。そして、この抵抗24とコイル16との接続点の電圧Vr(すなわち抵抗24の端子電圧Vr)がA/D変換回路22に供給されるようになっている。なお、この抵抗24の抵抗値rは小さいので、コイル16に印加される電圧Vには影響しない。A/D変換回路22は、上記第1実施形態の場合のコイル16の印加電圧V及び室温センサ21によって検出された雰囲気温度Taを表す検出信号のA/D変換に加えて、抵抗24の端子電圧VrもA/D変換して、マイクロコンピュータ30に供給する。そして、この電子回路の他の部分については、上記第1実施形態の場合と同様に構成されている。また、この第3実施形態に係るピアノのトランスデューサ40も、上記図2に示した第1実施形態のランスデューサと同様に構成されている。したがって、この第3実施形態の場合も、上記第1実施形態と異なる点のみを説明し、同一部分については同一符号を付してその説明を省略する。
次に、本発明の第4実施形態に係るピアノについて説明する。この第4実施形態に係るピアノの電子回路は、図11に示すように、上記図1に示した第1実施形態の場合に対して、コイル16の印加電圧VをA/D変換回路22に入力するための接続線が省略され、それに代えて、ヨーク温度センサ25が設けられている。ヨーク温度センサ25は、例えばサーマルダイオード温度センサ、サーミスタ温度センサなどで構成され、図2に破線で示すように、ヨーク44に組付けられ、ヨーク44の温度(すなわちヨーク温度)Tyを検出して、ヨーク温度Tyを表す検出信号をA/D変換回路22に出力する。A/D変換回路22は、上記第1実施形態の場合のコイル16の印加電圧Vに代えて、ヨーク温度Tyを表す検出信号をA/D変換してマイクロコンピュータ30に供給する。そして、この電子回路の他の部分については、上記第1実施形態の場合と同様に構成されている。また、この第4実施形態に係るピアノのトランスデューサ40も、上記図2に示した第1実施形態のランスデューサと同様に構成されている。したがって、この第4実施形態の場合も、上記第1実施形態と異なる点のみを説明し、同一部分については同一符号を付してその説明を省略する。
さらに、本発明の実施にあたっては、上記第1乃至第4実施形態及びそれらの変形例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の目的を逸脱しない限りにおいて種々の変更が可能である。
Claims (8)
- コイルを有し、前記コイルに通電することにより電気信号を音響信号に変換する音響信号変換器のコイルの温度を測定する音響信号変換器のための温度測定装置において、
前記音響信号変換器の雰囲気温度を検出する雰囲気温度検出手段と、
前記コイルに印加される電圧を入力し、前記入力した電圧を用いた前記コイルで消費される電力量の計算を含み、前記入力した電圧及び前記検出された雰囲気温度を用いた前記音響信号変換器の熱等価回路に基づく演算の実行により、前記コイルの温度を計算する演算手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする音響信号変換器のための温度測定装置。 - 請求項1に記載した温度測定装置において、
前記演算手段は、前記計算されるコイルの温度を前記電力量の計算にフィードバックして、前記コイルの温度に応じて変化する前記コイルの抵抗値と、前記入力した電圧とを用いて、前記コイルで消費される電力量を計算することを特徴とする温度測定装置。 - 請求項1に記載した温度測定装置において、
前記演算手段は、前記コイルの抵抗値と、前記入力した電圧とを用いて、前記コイルで消費される電力量を計算することを特徴とする温度測定装置。 - コイルを有し、前記コイルに通電することにより電気信号を音響信号に変換する音響信号変換器のコイルの温度を測定する音響信号変換器のための温度測定装置において、
前記音響信号変換器の雰囲気温度を検出する雰囲気温度検出手段と、
前記コイルに流れる電流値を検出する電流検出手段と、
前記コイルに印加される電圧を入力し、前記入力した電圧及び前記検出された電流値を用いた前記コイルで消費される電力量の計算を含み、前記入力した電圧、前記検出された雰囲気温度、及び前記検出された電流値を用いた前記音響信号変換器の熱等価回路に基づく演算により、前記コイルの温度を計算する演算手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする音響信号変換器のための温度測定装置。 - 磁石による磁路を形成するためのヨークと、前記磁路中に設けられて通電により前記ヨークに対して変位するコイルとを有し、前記コイルに電気信号を流すことにより、前記電気信号を音響信号に変換する音響信号変換器のコイルの温度を測定する音響信号変換器のための温度測定装置において、
前記音響信号変換器の雰囲気温度を検出する雰囲気温度検出手段と、
前記ヨークの温度を検出するヨーク温度検出手段と、
前記検出された雰囲気温度及びヨーク温度を用いた前記音響信号変換器の熱等価回路に基づく演算により、前記コイルの温度を計算する演算手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする音響信号変換器のための温度測定装置。 - 請求項1乃至5のうちのいずれか一つに記載した温度測定装置において、さらに、
前記音響信号変換器の配置された雰囲気中の風速を検出する風速検出手段を備え、
前記演算手段は、前記検出された風速を、前記コイルの温度の計算における補正に用いるようにしたことを特徴とする温度測定装置。 - 請求項1乃至6のうちのいずれか一つに記載した温度測定装置において、さらに、
前記演算手段によるコイルの温度の計算のための熱等価回路において、前記雰囲気温度検出手段と前記音響信号変換器との位置の差を補償するためのフィルタを考慮するようにしたことを特徴とする温度測定装置。 - 請求項1乃至7のうちのいずれか一つに記載した温度測定装置を有し、さらに、
前記計算されたコイルの温度が所定温度以上であるとき、前記コイルへの電気信号の通電を遮断又は前記コイルへの電気信号の通電量を減少させる保護手段を備えたことを特徴とする音響信号変換器のための保護装置。
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