Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
  • F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
  • F04B43/06—Pumps having fluid drive
  • F04B43/073—Pumps having fluid drive the actuating fluid being controlled by at least one valve
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B45/00—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids
  • F04B45/02—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows
  • F04B45/033—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows having fluid drive
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
  • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
  • F04B53/08—Cooling; Heating; Preventing freezing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
  • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

Definitions

• Compressor device and a cooling device equipped therewith and a refrigerating machine equipped therewith Compressor device and a cooling device equipped therewith and a refrigerating machine equipped therewith
• the invention relates to a compressor device and a cooling device equipped therewith or a refrigeration machine equipped therewith.
• pulse tube coolers or Gifford-McMahon coolers are used for cooling of magnetic resonance tomographs, cryopumps, etc.
• Gas and in particular helium compressors are used in combination with rotary valves or rotary valves as shown in FIG.
• a helium compressor 100 is connected to a rotary valve 106 via a high pressure line 102 and a low pressure line 104.
• the rotary valve 106 is connected via a gas line 108 to a cooling device 110 in the form of a Gifford-McMahon cooler or a pulse tube cooler.
• the rotary valve 106 alternately the high and low pressure side of the gas compressor 100 is connected to the pulse tube cooler or the Gifford-McMahon cooler.
• the rate at which compressed helium is introduced and re-exported to the cooling device 100 is in the range of 1 Hz.
• a disadvantage of such cooling or compressor systems is that the motorized rotary valve 106 causes losses of up to 50% of the input power of the compressor.
• acoustic compressors or high-frequency compressors in which one or more pistons are caused by a magnetic field in linear resonant vibrations. These resonance frequencies are in the range of a few 10 Hz and are therefore not suitable for use with pulse tube coolers and Gifford McMahon coolers to produce very low temperatures in the range of less than 10 K suitable.
• a membrane compressor or pump which has a working space that by a elastic, gas and liquid density Membrane is divided into a gas volume and a liquid volume.
• a liquid pump liquid is periodically pressed into the liquid volume of the working space, whereby the elastic membrane expands in the direction of gas volume and this compresses - compressor function - or pushing out of the gas volume - pump function.
• a disadvantage is the fact that the gas-liquid-tight and pressure-resistant sealing of the elastic membrane in the working space is comparatively expensive. Especially in the field of sealing, the membrane is heavily loaded, so that either very expensive materials must be used or a shorter life has to be accepted.
• the compressor device comprises a compressor chamber in which a balloon is arranged.
• the balloon is periodically pressurized with liquid so that the gas surrounding the balloon is periodically compressed and relaxed again.
• the disadvantage here is that the balloon envelope can scrape or rub in certain operating conditions on the hard and possibly edged inner surface of the compressor chamber. As a result, due to the pressure conditions Lochying. Cracking in the balloon envelope may occur.
• the balloon envelope Due to the fact that the gas volume in the balloon and the volume of liquid on the outside, the balloon envelope is always protected by a liquid film on the hard inside (usually made of metal) from damage when due to irregular operating conditions, the balloon shell rubs on the hard inside of the compressor room. Since the working fluid is usually hydraulic oil (claim 9), the protective effect is additionally improved by the lubricating oil effect.
• a tubular bellows can be used as a membrane.
• a bellows has the advantage that the construction and the arrangement of the folds increase the volume or volume “directionally" along the longitudinal direction of the bellows, so that frictional contact between the bellows and the hard inside of the compressor chamber is virtually eliminated.
• the use of a bellows as a compressor diaphragm also provides the gas volume inside the bellows This "directionality" of the volume change can be improved by positively guiding the bellows along a rod with longitudinal bearings.
• the bellows usually consists of a stainless steel alloy and, with the exception of hydrogen, is extremely gastight for all relevant working gases.
• a working fluid compensation device is provided.
• the working fluid leveling device ensures that the correct amount of working fluid in the correct pressure range is always available for the pumping device.
• the working fluid compensation device is a reservoir for the liquid working fluid.
• the compressor device may be formed as a non-gas-conveying compressor or as a gas-conveying compressor - claim 3 -.
• a gas-conveying compressor compressed working gas is supplied via a first working gas connection, which is designed as a high pressure port, a downstream device.
• Working gas at a lower pressure is fed back into the compressor device via a second working gas connection, which is designed as a low pressure connection - Claim 13.
• the gas volume is connected to a gas reservoir.
• the working gas reservoir is connected via a differential pressure regulator with the gas volume of the compressor device. This ensures that the working gas is already precompressed available.
• the working gas in the gas reservoir is located approximately at the level of the low pressure of the compressor device. If the pressure of the working gas in the compressor device drops below the pressure in the gas reservoir during the expansion phase, working gas flows via the differential pressure regulator from the gas reservoir into the gas volume of the compressor device.
• the pumping device preferably comprises an electric drive, claim 7, since such a can be easily controlled.
• Gear pumps are characterized by a long life, low maintenance and low dead volume and are suitable for high pressure applications up to 300 bar.
• a working fluid preferably hydraulic oil according to DIN 51524 is used, which is additionally dehydrated or anhydrous.
• the hydraulic oil is in a closed system of pumping device, working fluid equalizing device and fluid volume in the compressor chamber, so that during operation no water from the environment can be absorbed by the hydraulic oil.
• water can be used as a working fluid, especially when extremely impermeable membrane materials, eg. B. Bellows made of stainless steel, ange- be turned.
• Water as a working fluid is also advantageous because in the event of defects, water that has penetrated into a downstream cryocooler can be removed more easily than hydraulic oil that has entered a downstream cooler.
• water is suitable as a working medium in explosion-protected applications, since water is non-flammable and non-explosive. In addition, water is non-toxic and therefore environmentally friendly - claim 9.
• helium or nitrogen is preferably used as the working gas, depending on the temperature range. Claim 10.
• the balloon-shaped membrane or the tubular bellows must be impermeable and resistant both for the particular working gas used and for the working fluid. Since a material can not always meet these different requirements, these membranes are preferably multilayered of different materials - claim 1 1. Thus, the membrane can be adjusted both in terms of working fluid and with respect to the working gas.
• the compressor device according to the invention provides compressed working gas in the frequency range necessary for the Gifford-McMahon cooler and pulse tube cooler - claims 12 to 14.
• the compressor device is designed as a conveying compressor device, it can be used as a drive for a conventional refrigerating machine.
• 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention as a conveying compressor device
• 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the invention as a conveying compressor device
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of the invention as a non-conveying compressor device
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of the invention as a non-conveying compressor device
• Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of the invention as a conveying compressor device
• Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a helium compressor device with rotary valve and a cooling device according to the prior art.
• Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the compressor device according to the invention, which is designed as a gas or working gas-promoting compressor device.
• the compressor device comprises a compressor device 2, which has a gas-tight closed compressor chamber 4.
• a balloon or a balloon-shaped membrane 6 is arranged in the compressor chamber 4.
• the balloon 6 divides the compressor chamber 4 into a gas volume 8 for a working gas 10 and a liquid volume 12 for a working fluid 14.
• the gas volume 8 is the interior of the balloon 6 and the fluid volume 12 is the area of the compressor chamber 4 outside the balloon 6
• Fluid volume 12 outside of the balloon 6 is connected to a first working fluid line 18, which leads out of the compressor chamber 4.
• the balloon 6 includes a first balloon port 19 connected to the high pressure gas outlet 20 and a second balloon port 21 connected to the low pressure gas outlet 22.
• the first working fluid line 18 opens into a pumping device 24, which via a second working fluid line 26 is connected to a working fluid compensation device 28 in the form of a working fluid reservoir.
• working fluid 14 is periodically pressed into the liquid volume 12 via the first working fluid line 18 and let out again.
• the working gas 10 is compressed in the balloon 6.
• the working gas 10 expands in the balloon 6 and thereby relaxes.
• the working gas 10 is periodically compressed in the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6 and relaxed again.
• the compressed working gas 10 is sent via the high-pressure gas outlet 20 to a downstream consumer, e.g. a cryocooler - not shown - supplied.
• the working gas 10 is returned to the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6 at a lower pressure, so that the circuit is closed.
• the working fluid compensation device 28 ensures that sufficient working fluid 14 is always present and can be pumped into the fluid volume 12 in the compressor chamber 4 in order to compress the working gas 10 in the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6.
• the working gas 10 expands the balloon 6 and working fluid 14 is forced into the working fluid equalizing device 28 via the first working fluid line 18, the pumping device 24 and the second working fluid line 26.
• Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention, which differs from the first embodiment of Fig. 1 only in that a gear pump 30 is used as a pumping device, which is driven by an electric motor 32.
• This type of pumping device has proved to be particularly advantageous, since they are characterized by a long service life, low maintenance and low dead volume. Due to their construction, they are suitable for high pressure applications up to 300 bar.
• Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention, which differs from the first embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 1 only in that the compressor device is designed as a non-promotional compressor device.
• the balloon 6 comprised a balloon opening 40 connected to a working gas port 42. This opens into the gas volume 8 in the working gas port 40. About this working gas port 40, the periodic pressure change generated in the gas volume 8 to the downstream cooler - not shown - transferred.
• Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the third embodiment of Fig. 3 by a working gas balancing device.
• the working gas balancing device comprises a working gas reservoir 50, which is connected via a first gas line 52, a differential pressure regulator 54 and a common gas line 55 with the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6.
• the working gas reservoir 50 is also connected via a second gas line 56, a pressure relief valve 58 and the common gas line 55 to the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6.
• the common gas line 55 opens into the balloon opening 40.
• the working gas connection 42 branches off from the common gas line 55 and ends in a cooling device 60.
• Working gas 10 flows into the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6 via the first gas line 52, the differential pressure regulator 54 and the common gas line 55 when the pressure of the working gas 10 in the gas volume 8 drops below the pressure in the working gas reservoir 50 due to low temperatures.
• the working gas reservoir 50 By means of the working gas reservoir 50, "working gas losses" which can occur in a downstream cooler can thus be compensated for by the differential pressure regulator 54.
• the working gas 10 to be supplied is already pre-compressed for further compression in the gas volume 8 in the balloon 6.
• the second gas line 56 , the pressure relief valve 58 and the common gas line 55 working gas 10 can flow into the working gas reservoir 50, if the pressure of the working gas 10 in the gas volume 8 is too high.
• FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention, which differs from the fourth embodiment according to FIG. 4 only in that, instead of a balloon, a tubular bellows 80 is used which circumscribes the gas volume 8. closes.
• the bellows 80 has the advantage over the balloon 6 that the increase in volume and the reduction in volume are in each case directed along the longitudinal extent of the tubular bellows 80.
• the bellows 80 is made of a stainless steel alloy and is extremely gas-tight with the exception of hydrogen for all relevant working gases.
• the tubular bellows 80 does not bend at maximum volume against the longitudinal extent, the bellows is usually by a arranged in the longitudinal direction of the Faltebalgs stable rod with longitudinal bearings - not shown - out. In this way, it is reliably prevented that the Faltenblag 80 can be damaged by frictional contact with the inner surface of the compressor chamber 4.
• a gear pump driven by an electric motor can also be used as the pumping device 24 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.
• Hydraulic oils according to DIN 51524 are suitable as working fluids. These H, HL, HLP and HVLP oils are oils which are well tolerated with common sealants such as NBR (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber) etc. NBR, however, is not sufficiently helium-tight. HF oils are common with commonly used sealing materials
• the balloon-shaped membrane 6 consists of several layers, for. B. from a working fluid 14 in the form of hydraulic oil facing layer of NBR and from a helium as the working gas 10 facing layer of chlorobutyl.
• water can be used as a working fluid, especially when extremely impermeable membrane materials, eg. B. bellows Stainless steel, to be used.
• Water as a working fluid is also advantageous, since in the case of defects, water which has penetrated into a downstream cryocooler can be removed more easily than hydraulic oil which has penetrated into a downstream cooler.
• water is suitable as a working medium in explosion-protected applications, since water is non-flammable and non-explosive. In addition, water is non-toxic and therefore environmentally friendly.
• no valve is provided in the working gas connection 42 leading out of the gas volume 8.
• a valve can be provided here in order to build up a higher pressure difference in the expansion phase of the compressor device 2. Ie. Although the gas volume 8 in the compressor chamber 4 already increases in the expansion phase, the valve in the working gas connection 42 is still closed. Only when a certain pressure difference has built up, this valve is opened. In this way, the backflow of the working gas 10 can be accelerated via the working gas connection 42 into the compressor device 2.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
• Compressor (AREA)
• Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-07-27 DE DE102012213293.7A patent/DE102012213293B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2013
  • 2013-07-26 JP JP2015523567A patent/JP6240190B2/ja active Active
  • 2013-07-26 WO PCT/EP2013/065822 patent/WO2014016415A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2013-07-26 EP EP13742442.0A patent/EP2877748B1/de active Active
• 2015
  • 2015-01-21 US US14/601,462 patent/US11231029B2/en active Active

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