WO2014010490A1 - 強化ガラス板の切断方法 - Google Patents
強化ガラス板の切断方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014010490A1 WO2014010490A1 PCT/JP2013/068290 JP2013068290W WO2014010490A1 WO 2014010490 A1 WO2014010490 A1 WO 2014010490A1 JP 2013068290 W JP2013068290 W JP 2013068290W WO 2014010490 A1 WO2014010490 A1 WO 2014010490A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tempered glass
- glass plate
- cutting
- laser
- laser beam
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/09—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock
- C03B33/091—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock using at least one focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/02—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
- C03B33/04—Cutting or splitting in curves, especially for making spectacle lenses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for cutting a tempered glass plate, and more particularly to a method for cutting a tempered glass plate using internal heating by laser light.
- a glass plate is used as a display cover or a substrate. Due to demands for thinning and weight reduction in portable devices, thinning and weight reduction have been achieved by using high strength tempered glass plates.
- the cutting of the glass plate is usually performed by introducing a scribe line mechanically into the main surface with a hard roller or chip such as diamond and applying a bending force along the scribe line.
- a scribe line mechanically into the main surface with a hard roller or chip such as diamond and applying a bending force along the scribe line.
- a lot of fine cracks are generated on the cut end face of the glass plate by introducing the scribe line. Accordingly, there is a problem that a sufficient strength cannot be obtained at the cut end despite the tempered glass plate.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of cutting a glass plate with a laser beam.
- the inventor has found the following problems regarding cutting of a tempered glass plate using a laser beam.
- the inventor paid attention to strain energy (internal strain energy) due to tensile stress (internal residual tensile stress CT) remaining inside the tempered glass plate in the cutting of the tempered glass plate by laser light.
- the inventor when the internal strain energy of this tempered glass sheet becomes smaller than a certain critical value, the influence of crack extension due to internal residual tensile stress is reduced, and the irradiation energy of laser light necessary for cutting increases rapidly, It has been found that it becomes difficult to cut accurately.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to cut a tempered glass plate with high accuracy with a small irradiation energy because crack extension due to internal residual tensile stress becomes dominant.
- the method for cutting a tempered glass sheet according to the first aspect of the present invention is as follows.
- a tempered glass plate comprising a surface layer and a back layer having a residual compressive stress, and an intermediate layer formed between the surface layer and the back layer and having an internal residual tensile stress CT (MPa) is used as the tempered glass plate.
- MPa residual tensile stress
- a method of cutting a tempered glass sheet including a step of cutting by moving an irradiation region of a laser beam to be irradiated,
- the internal residual tensile stress CT expressed by the following equation using the thickness DOL ( ⁇ m) of the surface layer and the back layer, the thickness t 1 ( ⁇ m) of the tempered glass plate, and the Young's modulus Y (MPa)
- the strain energy U CT (J / m 2 ) per unit area based on the above is 2.5 J / m 2 or more
- the method for cutting a strengthened glass sheet according to the second aspect of the present invention is the first aspect,
- the laser beam has a beam diameter equal to or smaller than the thickness of the tempered glass plate.
- the method for cutting a strengthened glass sheet according to the third aspect of the present invention is the first or second aspect,
- the intermediate layer is locally heated at a temperature below the annealing point by laser light applied to the tempered glass plate, and a compressive stress is generated in the intermediate layer, thereby extending cracks due to the internal residual tensile stress.
- the tempered glass plate is cut by moving the irradiation region of the laser light while controlling.
- the method for cutting a strengthened glass sheet according to the fourth aspect of the present invention in any one of the first to third aspects,
- the tempered glass plate and the laser beam satisfy the condition of 0 ⁇ ⁇ t 2 ⁇ 3.0.
- the wavelength of the laser beam is 250 to 5000 nm.
- the cutting method of the tempered glass sheet according to the sixth aspect of the present invention in the fifth aspect, is 2500-3500 nm.
- a method for cutting a strengthened glass sheet according to a seventh aspect of the present invention in any one of the first to sixth aspects, A gas is blown from the incident side of the laser beam to the irradiation region of the laser beam of the tempered glass plate to cool it.
- the method for cutting a tempered glass sheet according to the eighth aspect of the present invention in any one of the first to seventh aspects, is 60 J / m 2 or less.
- the method for cutting a tempered glass sheet according to a ninth aspect of the present invention in any one of the first to eighth aspects, is 5 N / mm or more.
- the tempered glass plate can be cut with high accuracy with small irradiation energy.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a cooling nozzle used in the method for cutting a tempered glass sheet according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5 is a table showing laser wavelength ⁇ , internal strain energy U CT , critical irradiation energy Ec, and various conditions for deriving both of samples 1 to 21; It is a graph which shows the internal strain energy UCT dependence of the critical irradiation energy Ec shown in the table
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tempered glass plate 10 before irradiation with laser light.
- the direction of the arrow indicates the direction of action of the residual stress
- the size of the arrow indicates the magnitude of the stress.
- the tempered glass plate 10 includes a front surface layer 13 and a back surface layer 15, and an intermediate layer 17 provided between the front surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15. Compressive stress remains on the front surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15 by the following air cooling strengthening method or chemical strengthening method. Further, as a reaction, tensile stress remains in the intermediate layer 17.
- the tempered glass plate 10 is produced by, for example, an air cooling strengthening method or a chemical strengthening method.
- strengthening is selected according to a use.
- an automobile window glass an architectural window glass, a glass substrate for PDP (Plasma Display Panel), and a cover glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass or soda lime glass is used as the reinforcing glass.
- the air-cooling strengthening method rapidly cools the glass near the softening point from the front and back surfaces, and creates a temperature difference between the front and back surfaces of the glass and the inside, so that the surface layer and the back surface layer where compressive stress remains are formed. Form.
- the air cooling strengthening method is suitable for strengthening thick glass.
- the front and back surfaces of glass are ion-exchanged, and ions having a small ion radius (for example, Li ions and Na ions) contained in the glass are replaced with ions having a large ion radius (for example, K ions).
- ions having a small ion radius for example, Li ions and Na ions
- ions having a large ion radius for example, K ions.
- the chemical strengthening method is suitable for strengthening alkali aluminosilicate glass or soda lime glass.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a distribution of residual stress of the tempered glass plate before irradiation with laser light.
- the compressive stress (> 0) remaining on the front surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15 tends to gradually decrease from the front surface 12 and the back surface 14 of the tempered glass plate 10 toward the inside.
- the tensile stress (> 0) remaining in the intermediate layer 17 tends to gradually decrease from the inside of the glass toward the front surface 12 and the back surface 14.
- CS is the maximum residual compressive stress (surface compressive stress) (> 0) in the surface layer 13 and the back layer 15
- CT is the internal residual tensile stress in the intermediate layer 17 (average value of residual tensile stress in the intermediate layer 17).
- DOL indicates the thickness of the front surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15
- t indicates the thickness of the tempered glass plate 10, respectively. Therefore, the thickness of the intermediate layer 17 is t ⁇ 2 ⁇ DOL.
- the internal residual tensile stress CT (MPa) of the tempered glass plate is usually measured by measuring the surface compressive stress CS (MPa) and the thickness DOL ( ⁇ m) of the surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15, and the measured values and strengthening It is calculated using the thickness t 1 ([mu] m) and formula 1 below color of the glass plate.
- CT (CS ⁇ DOL) / (t 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ DOL) Equation 1
- the strain energy per unit area (hereinafter simply referred to as “internal strain energy”) U CT (J / m 2 ) by the internal residual tensile stress CT is obtained by the following formula 2 using the Young's modulus Y (MPa). be able to.
- U CT ⁇ CT 2 ⁇ (t 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ DOL) ⁇ / (2 ⁇ Y) Equation 2
- the inventor investigated the minimum value (hereinafter referred to as critical irradiation energy) Ec of the irradiation energy E of the laser light necessary for cutting, for the tempered glass plate having various internal strain energies U CT .
- critical irradiation energy Ec of the irradiation energy E of the laser light necessary for cutting
- U CT internal strain energy
- the critical irradiation energy Ec increases rapidly (specifically, about several times), and the cutting accuracy I also found it worse.
- the critical irradiation energy Ec is substantially constant if the material, thickness and laser wavelength of the tempered glass plate are the same.
- the maximum residual compressive stress CS, the internal residual tensile stress CT, and the thickness DOL of the front surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15 can be adjusted by the strengthening process conditions.
- the maximum residual compressive stress CS, the internal residual tensile stress CT, and the thickness DOL of the front surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15 can be adjusted by the cooling rate of the glass in the case of the air cooling strengthening method.
- the maximum residual compressive stress CS, internal residual tensile stress CT, and thickness DOL of the surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15 are determined by immersing glass in a treatment liquid (for example, KNO 3 molten salt).
- the front surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15 of the present embodiment have the same thickness DOL and the maximum residual compressive stress CS, but may have different thicknesses and maximum residual compressive stress.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method of cutting a tempered glass sheet.
- the surface 12 of the tempered glass plate 10 is irradiated with laser light 20, and the irradiation region 22 of the laser light 20 is moved (scanned) on the surface 12 of the tempered glass plate 10, thereby strengthening glass. Stress is applied to the plate 10 to cut the tempered glass plate 10.
- an initial crack is formed in advance at the cutting start position.
- the method for forming the initial crack may be a general method, for example, a cutter, a file, or a laser. As described above, in the internal heating cutting using the laser beam, it is not necessary to form a scribe line (groove line) along the planned cutting line on the surface 12 of the tempered glass plate 10.
- the irradiation region 22 of the laser beam 20 is moved in a straight line shape or a curved shape along the planned cutting line from the end of the tempered glass plate 10 toward the inside.
- the crack 30 is extended from the end of the tempered glass plate 10 toward the inside, and the tempered glass plate 10 is cut.
- the holder supporting the tempered glass plate 10 may be moved or rotated, or the light source of the laser light 20 is moved. May be. Further, a mirror provided in the middle of the path of the laser beam 20 may be rotated.
- the irradiation region 22 of the laser beam 20 includes the thickness of the tempered glass plate 10, the maximum residual compressive stress CS, the internal residual tensile stress CT, and the thickness DOL of the surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15.
- the laser beam 20 is moved at a speed corresponding to the output of the light source.
- the light source of the laser light 20 is not particularly limited.
- a UV laser (wavelength: 355 nm), a green laser (wavelength: 532 nm), a semiconductor laser (wavelength: 808 nm, 940 nm, 975 nm), a fiber laser (wavelength: 1060 to 1100 nm), YAG laser (wavelength: 1064 nm, 2080 nm, 2940 nm), laser using a mid-infrared light parametric oscillator (wavelength: 2600 to 3450 nm), and the like.
- the oscillation method of the laser beam 20 there is no limitation on the oscillation method of the laser beam 20, and either a CW laser that continuously oscillates the laser beam or a pulse laser that intermittently oscillates the laser beam can be used.
- the intensity distribution of the laser beam 20 is not limited, and may be a Gaussian type or a top hat type.
- the laser light 20 emitted from the light source is condensed by a condenser lens or the like and imaged on the surface 12 of the tempered glass plate 10.
- the condensing position of the laser light 20 may be on the laser light source side or the back surface 14 side with respect to the front surface 12 of the tempered glass plate 10. Further, the condensing position of the laser beam 20 may be in the tempered glass plate 10 as long as the heating temperature does not become too high, that is, the condensing area can keep the annealing point or less.
- the optical axis of the laser beam 20 may be perpendicular to the surface 12 on the surface 12 of the tempered glass plate 10, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the tempered glass board 10 can be cut
- the intermediate layer 17 has a tensile stress or compressive stress smaller than the value of the internal residual tensile stress. It is possible to control the extension of the cracks 30 generated in the tempered glass plate 10 by generating the cracks and to cut the tempered glass plate 10 by the cracks 30 due to the residual tensile stress.
- the intermediate layer 17 is heated at a temperature below the annealing point because when the heating is performed above the annealing point, the glass becomes high temperature and a viscous flow easily occurs even in a short time during which the laser beam passes.
- ⁇ ⁇ t 2 By making ⁇ ⁇ t 2 greater than 0 and 3.0 or less, the laser light 20 reaches the inside without being absorbed by the surface of the tempered glass plate 10. It can be heated sufficiently. As a result, the stress generated in the tempered glass plate 10 changes from the state shown in FIG. 1 to the state shown in FIG. 4 or FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 3, and includes a laser light irradiation region.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 3, and is a rear cross section from the cross section shown in FIG.
- “rear” means the rear of the laser beam 20 in the scanning direction. 4 and 5, the direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the applied stress, and the length of the arrow indicates the magnitude of the stress.
- a tensile stress is generated in the intermediate layer 17 in the cross section behind the cross section shown in FIG. 4, as shown in FIG. 5.
- This tensile stress is larger than the residual tensile stress, and a crack 30 is formed in a portion where the tensile stress reaches a predetermined value.
- the crack 30 penetrates from the front surface 12 to the back surface 14 of the tempered glass plate 10, and the cutting shown in FIG. 3 is a so-called full cut cutting.
- the tip position of the crack 30 is moved so as to follow the position of the irradiation region 22. That is, in the cutting method shown in FIG. 3, when the tempered glass plate 10 is cut, the extension direction of the crack 30 is controlled by the tensile stress (see FIG. 5) generated behind the scanning direction of the laser light, and the laser light is irradiated. Cutting is performed while suppressing the extension of the cracks 30 by using the compressive stress (see FIG. 4) generated in the region. That is, the extension of the crack 30 is controlled using the compressive stress generated by the irradiation of the laser beam 20. As a result, it is possible to suppress the crack 30 from moving away from the planned cutting line.
- ⁇ ⁇ t 2 is preferably close to 0 when the laser wavelength used is close to the wavelength region of visible light. However, since ⁇ ⁇ t 2 is too small, the absorption efficiency is deteriorated. Therefore, it is preferably 0.0005 or more (laser light absorption rate 0.05% or more), more preferably 0.002 or more (laser light absorption rate 0. 2% or more), more preferably 0.004 or more (laser light absorption rate 0.4% or more).
- ⁇ ⁇ t 2 is preferably 3.0 or less (laser light absorptivity 95% or less), more preferably 0.1 or less (laser light absorptivity 10% or less), and further preferably 0.02 or less ( Laser light absorption rate is 2% or less).
- the thickness t 2 (mm) of the tempered glass plate 10 is set according to the application, but is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm.
- the internal residual tensile stress CT can be sufficiently increased by setting the thickness t 2 (mm) to 2.0 mm or less.
- the thickness t 2 (mm) is less than 0.1 mm, it is difficult to subject the glass to chemical strengthening treatment.
- the thickness t 2 (mm) is more preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mm, still more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- the absorption coefficient ⁇ is determined by the wavelength of the laser light 20, the glass composition of the tempered glass plate 10, and the like.
- the absorption coefficient ⁇ in the near-infrared wavelength region near 1000 nm includes the content of iron oxide (including FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , and Fe 3 O 4 ) in the tempered glass plate 10, and cobalt oxide (CoO, Co 2 O). 3 and Co 3 O 4 ) and copper oxide (including CuO and Cu 2 O) are increased as the content increases. That is, by adjusting the content of iron oxide or the like, the value of ⁇ ⁇ t 2 can be adjusted to a desired range.
- the content of iron oxide in the tempered glass plate 10 depends on the type of glass constituting the tempered glass plate 10, but in the case of soda lime glass, it is, for example, 0.02 to 1.0% by mass. However, as the content of iron oxide or the like increases, the transparency of the tempered glass plate 10 in the visible light region decreases.
- the absorption coefficient ( ⁇ ) in the near-infrared wavelength region near 1000 nm is set according to the application.
- the absorption coefficient ( ⁇ ) is preferably 0.3 mm ⁇ 1 or less.
- the absorption coefficient ( ⁇ ) is preferably 0.06 mm ⁇ 1 or less.
- the absorption coefficient ( ⁇ ) is preferably 0.02 mm ⁇ 1 or less.
- the absorption coefficient ⁇ in the vicinity of the absorption wavelength of the rare earth atoms increases as the content of the rare earth element (for example, Yb) oxide in the tempered glass plate 10 increases.
- the absorption coefficient ⁇ in the mid-infrared wavelength region near 3000 nm increases as the OH group content in the tempered glass plate 10 increases.
- the OH group content does not affect the transparency in the visible light region.
- the wavelength of the laser beam 20 may be 250 to 5000 nm, but is preferably 2500 to 3500 nm.
- the wavelength of the laser light 20 is 2500 to 3500 nm (near 3000 nm), as described above, the absorption coefficient ⁇ can be increased without reducing the transparency in the visible light region. As a result, the heating efficiency by the laser beam 20 can be increased.
- the wavelength of the laser beam 20 is more preferably 2700 to 3200 nm.
- the absorptivity of the tempered glass plate having an iron oxide content of 0.04% by mass is about 2% when the plate thickness t 2 (mm) is 1 mm (transmittance: about 98). %). Therefore, the heating efficiency by laser light irradiation is poor. In addition, since the absorptance changes depending on the Fe concentration, it is necessary to significantly change the laser light irradiation conditions depending on the composition of the tempered glass plate.
- the absorptivity of the tempered glass plate is about 50% (transmittance: about 50%) when the plate thickness is 1 mm regardless of the iron oxide content. . Therefore, the heating efficiency is improved as compared with the case where the wavelength is in the vicinity of 1000 nm, and it is not necessary to significantly change the irradiation condition of the laser light depending on the composition of the tempered glass plate.
- the wavelength is around 1000 nm and the absorptance is about 2%, for example, if 2 W of absorption power is required for cutting, 100 W is input and 98 W is transmitted. For this reason, if the table is positioned below the planned cutting line through which the laser beam passes, the table is damaged by the laser beam. Therefore, a device such as making the table one size smaller than the tempered glass panel cut out from the tempered glass plate is necessary. Further, it was necessary to process the transmitted laser beam. Furthermore, since the transmittance is high, the reflected light on the end face of the tempered glass plate may have an adverse effect.
- the absorption rate of the laser beam is increased by the foreign matter adhering to the front surface or the back surface, the change in the absorption amount is large, which may have an adverse effect. Furthermore, even when the absorptance changes from 2% to 1% only by 1% due to the Fe concentration, it is necessary to change the input power from 100 W to 200 W by 100 W.
- the wavelength is around 3000 nm and the absorptance is about 50%
- 2W absorption power is required for cutting
- 4W is input and 2W is transmitted.
- the input power can be dramatically reduced and the heating efficiency can be improved.
- the transmitted light also decreases dramatically, so that the table is not damaged even if the table is located below the planned cutting line through which the laser light passes. Therefore, it can cut
- the power of the reflected light at the end face of the tempered glass plate is also small and hardly adversely affected. Further, even if the absorption rate of the laser beam is increased due to foreign matters adhering to the front surface or the back surface, the change in the amount of absorption is small and hardly adversely affected. Further, there is no change in the absorption rate due to the Fe concentration, and even if the absorption rate is reduced from 50% to 40% by 10%, the power to be input may be changed from 4W to 5W by 1W.
- FIG. 6 is a figure which shows an example of the method of cutting out a tempered glass panel from a tempered glass board.
- FIG. 6 is a view of the tempered glass plate 10 as viewed from above.
- the broken line shown in the tempered glass board 10 has shown the cutting scheduled line 235 for cutting out the tempered glass panel 40 from the tempered glass board 10 using the cutting method demonstrated above.
- the tempered glass panel 40 has a quadrangular shape having four corner portions C1, C2, C3, C4 having a predetermined radius of curvature R and straight portions 41, 42, 43, 44.
- the shape of the tempered glass panel 40 shown in FIG. 6 is an example, and when the tempered glass panel 40 having any other shape is cut out from the tempered glass plate 10, the tempered glass cutting method according to the present embodiment is used. Can be used.
- the laser beam is scanned so as to pass the planned cutting line 235. Specifically, the scanning of the laser beam is started from the cutting start position 45 located on the end face on the extension of the linear portion 41. And the connection point of the corner part C4 and the straight part 41 via the straight part 41, the corner part C1, the straight part 42, the corner part C2, the straight part 43, the corner part C3, the straight part 44, and the corner part C4.
- the laser beam is scanned up to the cutting end position 46.
- initial cracks are formed in advance at the cutting start position 45, that is, at the end of the tempered glass plate 10.
- the initial crack can be formed by, for example, a cutter, a file, or a laser.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a cooling nozzle used in the method for cutting a strengthened glass sheet according to the first embodiment.
- a gas is blown onto the surface 12 of the tempered glass plate 10 by the cooling nozzle 28 shown in FIG.
- the cooling nozzle 28 is formed with a tapered cavity so that gas (air, nitrogen, etc.) flows in the arrow direction.
- the axis of the cooling nozzle 28 coincides with the optical axis of the laser beam
- the laser beam 20 collected by the lens 25 passes through the inside of the cooling nozzle 28 and is provided at the tip of the cooling nozzle 28.
- the light is emitted from an opening having a diameter ⁇ n. Further, it can move in synchronization with the movement of the laser light irradiation area (that is, at the same scanning speed as the laser light).
- the laser irradiation unit is cooled by the gas. By this cooling, the distance between the tip position of the crack 30 shown in FIG. 3 and the irradiation region 22 of the laser beam 20 is shortened, and the cutting accuracy is improved.
- the diameter ⁇ n of the opening of the cooling nozzle 28 and the gap G2 between the tip of the cooling nozzle 28 and the surface 12 of the tempered glass plate 10 can be arbitrarily determined.
- the diameter ⁇ n of the opening of the cooling nozzle 28 is smaller, the flow rate of the gas blown to the tempered glass plate 10 becomes faster, and the cooling capacity on the surface 12 of the tempered glass plate 10 is improved.
- the cooling capability in the surface 12 of the tempered glass board 10 improves, so that the gap G2 between the front-end
- FIG. 8 is a table showing the cutting results for the tempered glass sheet.
- FIG. 9 is a table showing the cutting results for the non-tempered glass sheet.
- FIG. 10 is a table showing cutting results for a tempered glass plate (reference example) and a non-tempered glass plate (comparative example). The cutting results shown in FIG. 10 are cutting results when the spot diameter of the laser beam is made smaller than the cutting results shown in FIGS.
- a tempered glass plate was prepared, and in Comparative Examples 104 to 105 and 109 to 110, a non-tempered glass plate was prepared.
- the tempered glass plates of Reference Examples 101 to 103 and 106 to 108 have the same size and shape as the non-tempered glass plates of Comparative Examples 104 to 105 and 109 to 110 (rectangle, long side 100 mm, short side 60 mm, plate thickness 0.7 mm).
- a glass plate having the same chemical composition was reinforced by a chemical strengthening method.
- the tempered glass plate had an internal residual tensile stress (CT) of 30.4 MPa, a maximum residual compressive stress (CS) of 763 MPa, and a thickness (DOL) of the compressive stress layer (surface layer or back surface layer) of 25.8 ⁇ m.
- CT internal residual tensile stress
- CS maximum residual compressive stress
- DOL thickness of the compressive stress layer (surface layer or back surface layer) of 25.8 ⁇ m.
- the internal strain energy U CT was 4.04 J / m 2 .
- Laser light source Fiber laser (wavelength 1070 nm) Incident angle of laser beam to glass plate: 0 ° Condensing angle of laser beam: 2.5 ° Laser beam condensing position: position 23 mm away from the surface of the glass plate toward the light source side Laser spot diameter on the surface of the glass plate: ⁇ 1 mm Absorption coefficient ⁇ of the glass plate with respect to laser light: 0.09 cm ⁇ 1 (0.009 mm ⁇ 1 ) Thickness t of glass plate: 0.07 cm (0.7 mm) Young's modulus Y of glass plate: 74000 MPa ⁇ ⁇ t: 0.0063 Nozzle outlet diameter: ⁇ 1mm Flow rate of cooling gas (room temperature compressed air) from the nozzle: 30 L / min Target cutting position: A straight line parallel to the short side of the glass plate (distance 10 mm from one short side, distance 90 mm from the other short side) Cutting speed: 2.5 mm / s
- the cut surface of the glass plate was observed with a microscope.
- the striped pattern observed on the cut surface of the glass plate represents the change with time of the tip position of the intermittently extending crack. From the shape of each striped line, you can see how the cracks extend. In the micrographs shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, representative lines of the stripe pattern are highlighted with thick white lines. Moreover, the state of the crack when laser irradiation and gas cooling were interrupted during the cutting of the glass plate was visually observed.
- FIGS. 8 to 10 The results of each experiment are shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the case where a crack was formed on the glass plate (when it was cut) was shown as “ ⁇ ”, and the case where no crack was formed on the glass plate (when it was not cut) was shown as “x”. .
- the striped line in the micrographs of the cut planes of FIGS. 8 to 10 represents the tip position of the crack at a certain point. “Self-propelled” in FIGS. 8 to 10 means that, after interruption of laser irradiation or the like, the crack extends toward the shorter side closer to the cutting position among the two shorter sides of the glass plate.
- the convex amount and the straight line error amount indicate the error amount when the glass plate is cut. That is, it shows the amount (indicated by the Y axis of the graph) that the cutting line of the glass plate deviates from the planned cutting line (indicated by the X axis of the graph) when the glass plate is viewed from the upper surface side.
- the tempered glass plate when the laser spot diameter was reduced (Reference Examples 106 to 108), the tempered glass plate could be cut with a light source output smaller than that of Reference Examples 101 to 103. Further, in Reference Examples 106 to 108, the convex amount and the linear error amount were smaller than those in Reference Examples 101 to 103 shown in FIG. That is, in Reference Examples 106 to 108, the tempered glass plate could be cut with higher accuracy than Reference Examples 101 to 103. Further, as shown in Reference Examples 106 to 108, as the light source output was lowered, the convex amount and the linear error amount were reduced. Particularly in Reference Example 108, the convex amount was as small as 15 ⁇ m.
- the non-tempered glass plate could not be cut. That is, as shown in Comparative Example 109, when the output of the light source was 200 W, the non-tempered glass plate was melted and could not be cut. That is, the temperature of the non-tempered glass was not lower than the annealing point and could not be cut. Further, as shown in Comparative Example 110, when the output of the light source was 100 W, there was no change in the non-tempered glass plate. Therefore, when the laser spot diameter was reduced (for example, less than the plate thickness), the non-tempered glass plate could not be cut regardless of the output of the light source.
- the cutting mechanism is fundamentally different between the method of cutting a tempered glass plate and the method of cutting a non-tempered glass plate, and the method of extending cracks is completely different. Therefore, in this invention, the effect which cannot be estimated from the cutting method of a non-tempered glass board is acquired. The reason will be described below.
- a thermal stress field is formed on the glass plate using both a laser beam and a cooling liquid to generate a tensile stress necessary for cutting. More specifically, the glass plate is irradiated with laser light to generate thermal stress inside the glass plate, and the compressive stress generated by the thermal stress is quenched with a cooling liquid to generate tensile stress and extend cracks. Let Therefore, the extension of the crack is performed only by the irradiation energy of the laser beam, and it is necessary to set a large power (W) of the laser irradiated to the glass plate.
- W large power
- the tip position of the cleaving crack formed in the glass plate is determined by the position of the coolant that cools the glass plate. This is because tensile stress is generated at the position of the coolant. Therefore, if heating with laser light or cooling with a coolant is interrupted during cutting, the extension of cracks stops.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the stress that acts when cutting a non-tempered glass plate using a laser beam.
- FIG. 11 shows a top view of the non-tempered glass plate 110 and a distribution of stress generated at the center of the thickness of the non-tempered glass plate 110.
- a compressive stress 133 acts on the laser light irradiation region 122.
- This compressive stress 133 is a thermal stress generated by laser light irradiation.
- a tensile stress 135 is generated behind the irradiation region 122 in the scanning direction so as to balance with the compressive stress 133.
- the non-tempered glass plate 110 is cut by the tensile stress 135 acting on the crack 130.
- the internal residual tensile stress CT is substantially zero.
- the tensile stress 135 which acts on the crack 130 when cutting the non-tempered glass plate 110 is generated only by laser light irradiation. Therefore, in order to increase the tensile stress 135, it is necessary to increase the irradiation energy of the laser beam or increase the laser spot diameter. For this reason, in the non-tempered glass plate 110, it becomes difficult to cut with glass having a low absorption rate of laser light.
- the extension of cracks is controlled by the irradiation energy of the laser beam and the scanning speed. At this time, if the irradiation energy of the laser beam is smaller than the irradiation energy necessary for cutting, the extension of the crack is stopped. That is, as shown in the graph of FIG. 11, in order to extend the crack 130, it is necessary to apply a tensile stress larger than the tensile stress S_th necessary for the extension of the crack 130 to the crack 130. Since the internal residual tensile stress CT is substantially zero in the non-tempered glass plate 110, it is necessary to generate a tensile stress larger than the value of the tensile stress S_th only with the laser beam irradiation energy.
- a tensile stress smaller than the value of the internal residual tensile stress or a compressive stress is generated in the intermediate layer at the center of the irradiation region, thereby suppressing the extension of cracks due to the internal residual tensile stress. That is, the extension of the crack is controlled by irradiating the laser beam so that the residual tensile stress in the intermediate layer of the tempered glass plate is made smaller than the tensile stress S_th necessary for the extension of the crack.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of stress acting when a tempered glass plate is cut using a laser beam.
- FIG. 12 shows a top view of the tempered glass plate 10 and a distribution of stresses generated at the central portion of the thickness of the tempered glass plate 10.
- a compressive stress 33 acts on the laser light irradiation region 22.
- a tensile stress 35 is generated behind the irradiation region 22 in the scanning direction.
- the internal residual tensile stress is added to the tensile stress 35 to generate a tensile stress larger than the tensile stress S_th necessary for the extension of the crack, and the tempered glass sheet 10 is cut by acting on the crack 30. .
- extension of the crack 30 is controlled by the compressive stress 33.
- the tempered glass plate 10 has an internal residual tensile stress CT. For this reason, the tensile stress 35 required for the extension of the crack 30 can be small. In other words, it is possible to reduce the compressive stress 33 generated by the laser beam necessary for causing the tensile stress larger than the tensile stress S_th (the tensile stress necessary for the extension of the crack 30) to act on the crack 30.
- the compressive stress 33 and the tensile stress 35 required when cutting the tempered glass plate 10 can be made smaller than the stress required when cutting the non-tempered glass plate 110, the irradiation energy of the laser beam.
- the laser spot diameter can be reduced. For this reason, cutting accuracy can be improved. Further, even glass having a low absorption rate of laser light can be easily cut.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of stress acting when a tempered glass plate is cut using a laser beam.
- FIG. 13 shows a top view of the tempered glass plate 10 and a distribution of stresses generated at the central portion of the thickness of the tempered glass plate 10.
- the internal residual tensile stress CT is larger than the tensile stress S_th necessary for the extension of the crack 30. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, when the tempered glass plate 10 is irradiated with laser light, a tensile stress 37 smaller than the value of the internal residual tensile stress CT is generated in the laser light irradiation region 22.
- the tensile stress 37 is a resultant force of the compressive stress 33 generated by the laser light irradiation and the internal residual tensile stress CT. Further, a tensile stress 35 is generated behind the irradiation region 22 in the scanning direction. In this case, the extension of the crack 30 can be suppressed by making the tensile stress 37 smaller than the value of the internal residual tensile stress CT smaller than the tensile stress S_th necessary for the extension of the crack 30.
- the tensile stress 37 and the tensile stress 35 smaller than the value of the internal residual tensile stress CT necessary for cutting the tempered glass plate 10 are necessary for cutting the non-tempered glass plate 110. Since the stress can be made smaller than the stress, the laser beam irradiation energy can be reduced and the laser spot diameter can be reduced. For this reason, cutting accuracy can be improved. Further, even glass having a low absorption rate of laser light can be easily cut.
- the extension of the crack 30 without causing the crack 30 to self-run. Is controlling. Therefore, if the laser beam irradiation energy is too small, the tensile stress 37 smaller than the value of the internal residual tensile stress CT becomes larger than the tensile stress S_th required for the extension of the crack 30, and the extension of the crack 30 does not stop. Run (in the case of FIG. 13).
- the cutting mechanism is fundamentally different between the method of cutting a tempered glass plate and the method of cutting a non-tempered glass plate, and the method of extending cracks is completely different. Therefore, in this invention, the effect which cannot be estimated from the cutting method of a non-tempered glass board is acquired.
- Example 1 the relationship between the internal strain energy U CT and the critical irradiation energy Ec, which is the minimum value of the irradiation energy E that can be cut, will be described.
- a glass raw material prepared by mixing a plurality of types of raw materials was melted, and the melted molten glass was formed into a plate shape. This was gradually cooled to near room temperature, and then cut, cut, and polished on both sides to prepare a 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm glass plate having a predetermined thickness.
- the glass raw material was prepared by changing the amount of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) powder added to the base material having the same blending ratio so that the absorption coefficient ⁇ of the glass plate with respect to the laser beam became a desired value.
- Each glass sheet for chemical strengthening is expressed in terms of mass% based on oxide, SiO 2 : 60.9%, Al 2 O 3 : 12.8%, Na 2 O: 12.2%, K 2 O: 5. 9%, MgO: 6.7%, CaO: 0.1%, SrO: 0.2%, BaO: 0.2%, ZrO 2 : 1.0%, and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) was contained in a predetermined amount by external division.
- Each tempered glass plate was prepared by immersing the above-described glass plate for chemical strengthening in KNO 3 molten salt, performing an ion exchange treatment, and then cooling to near room temperature.
- the treatment conditions such as the temperature and immersion time of the KNO 3 molten salt were set so that the internal residual tensile stress CT had a desired value.
- the internal residual tensile stress CT (MPa) of the tempered glass plate was measured using a surface stress meter FSM-6000 (manufactured by Orihara Seisakusho) and the surface compressive stress CS (MPa) and the thickness DOL of the compressive stress layer (surface layer and back layer). [mu] m) was measured, and the measured values were calculated using equation 1 below color and thickness t 1 ([mu] m) of the tempered glass sheet.
- CT (CS ⁇ DOL) / (t 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ DOL) Equation 1
- the internal strain energy U CT (J / m 2 ) was determined by the following formula 2 using the Young's modulus Y (MPa) of the tempered glass plate.
- U CT ⁇ CT 2 ⁇ (t 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ DOL) ⁇ / (2 ⁇ Y) Equation 2
- the laser beam irradiation energy (J / mm 2 ) per unit irradiation area is defined as Pe (W), which is an effective laser output incident without being reflected by the tempered glass plate, and v (mm / s)
- Pe (W) an effective laser output incident without being reflected by the tempered glass plate
- v (mm / s) When the beam diameter of the laser light applied to the tempered glass plate 10 is ⁇ (mm), it can be expressed by Pe / (v ⁇ ⁇ ).
- the critical irradiation energy Ec for the samples 18 to 21 of the non-tempered glass plate was obtained by repeating the cutting while changing the irradiation energy E by about 4 (J / mm). At that time, only the laser output P (W) was changed by 10 W while the scanning speed v (mm / s) of the laser beam was fixed.
- the critical irradiation energy Ec for samples 12 to 17 was determined by repeating the cutting while gradually changing the irradiation energy E. At that time, only the scanning speed v (mm / s) of the laser beam was changed by 0.25 mm / s while the laser output P (W) was fixed.
- FIG. 15 is a table showing the laser wavelength ⁇ , the internal strain energy U CT , the critical irradiation energy Ec, and various conditions for deriving both of the samples 1 to 21.
- a fiber laser (center wavelength band: 1070 nm) is used as the laser light source, and for samples 12 to 17, the mid-infrared is used as the laser light source.
- a Cr: ZnSe laser (central wavelength band: 2950 nm) using an optical parametric oscillator was used.
- air having a flow rate of 15 L / min was blown from the laser light irradiation side using a nozzle having a diameter of 1 mm ⁇ .
- the distance (gap) between the tempered glass plate and the nozzle tip was 3 mm.
- FIG. 16A is a graph showing the internal strain energy U CT dependence of the critical irradiation energy Ec shown in the table of FIG.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 16A is internal strain energy U CT (J / m 2 ), and the vertical axis is critical irradiation energy Ec (J / mm).
- the critical irradiation energy Ec 65 J / mm. That is, as the beam diameter increased, the critical irradiation energy Ec gradually decreased.
- the beam diameter ⁇ is preferably not more than the plate thickness t, and more preferably not more than 1 ⁇ 2 of the plate thickness t.
- the absorption coefficient ⁇ can be increased without lowering the transparency, and the irradiation energy can be reduced. Therefore, the heating efficiency is improved.
- tempered glass can be mounted on a table larger than the tempered glass board to cut
- the energy used for cutting is energy (hereinafter referred to as critical absorption energy) Ea absorbed by the tempered glass plate.
- the critical absorption energy Ea (J / mm) is calculated from the Lambert-Beer law using the following equation using the critical irradiation energy Ec (J / mm), the absorption coefficient ⁇ (mm ⁇ 1 ), and the thickness t 2 (mm): Can be represented.
- Ea Ec ⁇ exp ( ⁇ ⁇ t 2 ) Equation 4
- the thermal stress (critical compressive stress) ⁇ c generated by internal heating (temperature change ⁇ T) at the critical absorption energy Ea will be considered.
- This critical compressive stress ⁇ c is the minimum compressive stress necessary for cutting.
- the critical compressive stress ⁇ c is expressed as “critical compressive stress” because it becomes a compressive stress when the internal residual tensile stress CT is used as a reference.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 when considering the stress generated at the center of the thickness of the tempered glass plate, it is expressed by the resultant force of the internal residual tensile stress CT and the critical compressive stress ⁇ c. It may become.
- the critical compressive stress ⁇ c has a Gaussian distribution-like profile as shown in FIGS.
- the integral value of this critical compressive stress ⁇ c determines whether cutting is possible. If the internal strain energy U CT is the same, the integral value of the critical compressive stress ⁇ c is considered to be constant regardless of the thickness t and the material of the tempered glass sheet. Since the width of the profile of the critical compressive stress ⁇ c is proportional to the beam diameter ⁇ , it can be considered that the integrated value of the critical compressive stress ⁇ c is also proportional to ⁇ c ⁇ ⁇ .
- the plate thickness t of the tempered glass plate does not change even by internal heating, and this critical compressive stress ⁇ c is generated by being constrained between the front surface layer 13 and the back surface layer 15.
- the critical compressive stress ⁇ c (MPa) can be expressed by the following equation 5 using Young's modulus Y (MPa), linear expansion coefficient ⁇ L (K ⁇ 1 ), and temperature change ⁇ T (K).
- ⁇ c Y ⁇ ⁇ L ⁇ ⁇ T Equation 5
- ⁇ T (critical absorption energy) / (heat capacity of the tempered glass plate of the laser irradiation portion).
- the laser irradiation area S 1 (mm 2 ) (critical absorption energy) is critical absorption energy Ea / ⁇ per unit area obtained by dividing critical absorption energy Ea (J / mm) by ⁇ (mm).
- J / mm 2 it can be expressed as Ea ⁇ S 1 / ⁇ (J).
- the area S 2 (mm 2 ) of the heating region in the tempered glass plate, (the heat capacity of the tempered glass plate of the laser irradiation part) is the thickness t 2 (mm) of the tempered glass plate, and the density ⁇ (g / mm). 3 ), and can be expressed as S 2 ⁇ t 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ c (J / K) using specific heat c (J / g / K).
- Equation 7 the critical compressive stress ⁇ c (MPa)
- Equation 8 (S 1 / S 2 ) ⁇ Y ⁇ ⁇ L ⁇ Ea / (t 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ c) / ⁇ Equation 7
- S 1 / S 2 constant
- ⁇ c ⁇ ⁇ proportional to the integral value of the critical compressive stress ⁇ c to be obtained can be expressed by the following equation (8).
- ⁇ c ⁇ ⁇ Ea ⁇ (Y ⁇ ⁇ L ) / (t 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ c) Kc Equation 8
- the Kc in Equation 8 is named the critical cutting index.
- the cutting property can be determined by the irradiation energy E (J / mm) of the laser beam per unit length represented by the expression 3.
- the Young's modulus Y, linear expansion coefficient ⁇ L , density ⁇ , and specific heat c constituting the critical cutting index Kc all have temperature dependence, but room temperature values are used as indices only.
- the critical cutting index Kc (N / mm) is shown in the rightmost column of FIG.
- FIG. 16B is a graph showing the internal strain energy U CT dependence of the critical cutting index Kc shown in the table of FIG.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 16B is the internal strain energy U CT (J / m 2 ), and the vertical axis is the critical cutting index Kc (N / mm).
- the critical cutting index Kc 150 N / mm (sample 16) or near 200 N / mm (samples 11 and 17).
- the non-tempered glass plate exceeds 200 N / mm (samples 18 to 21).
- the critical cutting index Kc becomes larger, and cutting becomes impossible when the beam diameter is 0.5 mm or less (sample 18).
- the beam diameter ⁇ preferably set to less thickness t 2 (mm), and even more preferably to a half or less of the plate thickness t 2 (mm).
- the cutting index K at the irradiation energy E (J / mm) per unit irradiation area can be expressed by the following equation 9 by substituting Ec in equation 4 with E and substituting it into Ea in equation 8. .
- K E ⁇ exp ( ⁇ ⁇ t 2 ) ⁇ (Y ⁇ ⁇ L ) / (t 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ c) Equation 9
- Equation 3 Equation 9
- Equation 10 Pe / v ⁇ exp ( ⁇ ⁇ t 2 ) ⁇ (Y ⁇ ⁇ L ) / (t 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ c) Equation 10
- the critical cutting index Kc is about 50 N / mm, so that sufficient cutting can be performed with the irradiation energy E satisfying the cutting index K ⁇ 150 N / mm. .
- the critical cutting index Kc is 150 N / mm or more, so that the irradiation energy E satisfying the cutting index K ⁇ 150 N / mm is cut. Becomes impossible or difficult.
- Example 2 In Example 2, the influence of the laser wavelength ⁇ on the adhesion of foreign matter that increases the absorption rate of laser light was investigated.
- FIG. 17 shows the laser wavelength ⁇ , the internal strain energy U CT , the irradiation energy E, various conditions for deriving both, the presence or absence of a black mark as a foreign object, the possibility of cutting, and the cross-sectional properties of samples 31 to 33 and 41 to 43. Is a table showing.
- a fiber laser (center wavelength band: 1070 nm) is used as the laser light source, and for samples 41 to 43, a mid-infrared parametric oscillator is used as the laser light source.
- the used Cr: ZnSe laser central wavelength band: 2950 nm was used.
- the samples 31 and 41 were not marked with black marks on either the front surface (laser light incident side) or the back surface (laser light emitting side) of the tempered glass plate.
- the black mark was attached
- Samples 33 and 43 a black mark was attached only to the back surface.
- An oil-based sign pen was used to attach the black mark.
- air of a flow rate of 15 L / min was blown from the laser light irradiation side using a nozzle having a diameter of 1 mm ⁇ for all the samples.
- the distance (gap) between the tempered glass plate and the nozzle tip was 3 mm.
- Samples 31 and 41 without black marks were both cuttable regardless of the laser wavelength, and the cross-sectional properties were also specular.
- the black mark was given to the surface, so that the absorption rate of the laser light at that portion was increased, and although the cut was made, a defect occurred in the cross section.
- the black mark was attached to the back surface, so that it could not be cut.
- FIG. 18 shows the laser wavelength ⁇ , internal strain energy U CT , critical irradiation energy Ec, various conditions for deriving both, whether or not a black matrix (BM) film is formed, whether cutting is possible, and cross-sectional properties for samples 51 and 52. It is the table shown. For comparison, the results for the sample 13 of Example 1 are shown side by side.
- BM black matrix
- the critical irradiation energy Ec was determined by repeating the cutting while gradually changing the irradiation energy E. At that time, only the scanning speed v (mm / s) of the laser beam was changed by 0.25 mm / s while the laser output P (W) was fixed.
- a Cr: ZnSe laser (center wavelength band: 2950 nm) using a mid-infrared parametric oscillator was used as a laser light source.
- a BM film was formed on the front surface
- a BM film was formed on the back surface.
- air having a flow rate of 15 L / min was blown from the laser light irradiation side using a nozzle having a diameter of 1 mm ⁇ .
- the distance (gap) between the tempered glass plate and the nozzle tip was 3 mm.
- the tempered glass plate can be cut with high accuracy with small irradiation energy.
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Abstract
Description
発明者は、レーザ光による強化ガラス板の切断において、強化ガラス板の内部に残留する引張応力(内部残留引張応力CT)によるひずみエネルギー(内部ひずみエネルギー)に着目した。
発明者は、この強化ガラス板の内部ひずみエネルギーがある臨界値よりも小さくなると、内部残留引張応力によるクラック伸展の影響が小さくなり、切断に必要なレーザ光の照射エネルギーが急激に大きくなるとともに、精度良く切断し難くなることを見出した。
残留圧縮応力を有する表面層及び裏面層と、当該表面層及び裏面層との間に形成され、内部残留引張応力CT(MPa)を有する中間層とを備える強化ガラス板を、当該強化ガラス板に照射されるレーザ光の照射領域を移動させることで切断する工程を含む、強化ガラス板の切断方法であって、
前記表面層及び前記裏面層の厚さDOL(μm)、前記強化ガラス板の厚さt1(μm)、ヤング率Y(MPa)を用いて、下式で表現される前記内部残留引張応力CTに基づく単位面積当たりのひずみエネルギーUCT(J/m2)を2.5J/m2以上とし、
前記強化ガラス板に入射される前記レーザ光の出力Pe(W)、前記レーザ光の走査速度v(mm/s)、前記レーザ光に対する前記強化ガラス板の吸収係数α(mm-1)、前記強化ガラス板の厚さt2(mm)、ヤング率Y(MPa)、線膨張係数αL(K-1)、密度ρ(g/mm3)、比熱c(J/g/K)を用いて、下式で表現される切断指数K(N/mm)を150N/mm以下とするものである。
UCT={CT2×(t1-2×DOL)}/(2×Y)
K=Pe/v×exp(-α×t2)×(Y×αL)/(t2×ρ×c)
前記レーザ光のビーム径を前記強化ガラス板の厚さ以下とするものである。
前記強化ガラス板に照射されるレーザ光によって前記中間層を徐冷点以下の温度で局所的に加熱し、前記中間層に圧縮応力を発生させることにより、前記内部残留引張応力によるクラックの伸展を制御しつつ、前記レーザ光の照射領域を移動させることで前記強化ガラス板を切断するものである。
前記強化ガラス板と前記レーザ光とが、0<α×t2≦3.0の条件を満たすものである。
前記レーザ光の波長を250~5000nmとするものである。
前記レーザ光の波長を2500~3500nmとするものである。
前記強化ガラス板の前記レーザ光の照射領域に、前記レーザ光の入射側から気体を吹き付けて冷却するものである。
前記内部残留引張応力CTに基づく単位面積当たりのひずみエネルギーUCTが60J/m2以下とするものである。
前記切断指数Kが5N/mm以上とするものである。
まず、図1~5を参照して、強化ガラス板の構造、及び強化ガラス板の切断方法について説明する。
まず、図1、2を参照して、強化ガラス板の構造について説明する。図1は、レーザ光を照射する前の強化ガラス板10の断面図である。図1において、矢印の方向は、残留応力の作用方向を示し、矢印の大きさは、応力の大きさを示す。図1に示すように、強化ガラス板10は、表面層13及び裏面層15と、表面層13と裏面層15との間に設けられた中間層17とを有する。表面層13及び裏面層15には、下記の風冷強化法や化学強化法により圧縮応力が残留している。また、その反作用として、中間層17には引張応力が残留している。
図2に示すように、表面層13及び裏面層15に残留する圧縮応力(>0)は、強化ガラス板10の表面12及び裏面14から内部に向けて徐々に小さくなる傾向がある。また、中間層17に残留する引張応力(>0)は、ガラスの内部から表面12及び裏面14に向けて徐々に小さくなる傾向がある。
CT=(CS×DOL)/(t1-2×DOL) ・・・式1
そして、内部残留引張応力CTによる単位面積当たりのひずみエネルギー(以下、単に「内部ひずみエネルギー」という)UCT(J/m2)は、ヤング率Y(MPa)を用いて以下の式2により求めることができる。
UCT={CT2×(t1-2×DOL)}/(2×Y) ・・・式2
I=I0×exp(-α×L)
例えば1000nm付近の近赤外線波長領域での吸収係数αは、強化ガラス板10中の酸化鉄(FeO、Fe2O3、Fe3O4を含む)の含有量、酸化コバルト(CoO、Co2O3、Co3O4を含む)の含有量、酸化銅(CuO、Cu2Oを含む)の含有量が多くなるほど大きくなる。つまり、酸化鉄などの含有量を調節することにより、α×t2の値を所望の範囲に調節可能である。強化ガラス板10中の酸化鉄の含有量は、強化ガラス板10を構成するガラスの種類によるが、ソーダライムガラスの場合、例えば0.02~1.0質量%である。但し、酸化鉄などの含有量が多くなるほど、強化ガラス板10の可視光領域の透明度は低下する。
さらに、3000nm付近の中赤外線波長領域での吸収係数αは、強化ガラス板10中のOH基の含有量が多くなるほど大きくなる。ここで、OH基の含有量は、可視光領域の透明度に影響を及ぼさない。
これに対し、例えばレーザ光の波長が3000nm近傍の場合、酸化鉄含有量によらず強化ガラス板の吸収率は、板厚が1mmの場合、約50%(透過率:約50%)である。そのため、波長が1000nm近傍の場合に比べ、加熱効率が向上する上、強化ガラス板の組成によりレーザ光の照射条件を大幅に変更する必要がない。
ここで、図8~10を参照して、強化ガラス板の切断方法と非強化ガラス板の切断方法とでは、クラックの伸展の仕方が異なることについて説明する。図8は、強化ガラス板についての切断結果を示す表である。図9は、非強化ガラス板についての切断結果を示す表である。図10は、強化ガラス板(参考例)及び非強化ガラス板(比較例)についての切断結果を示す表である。図10に示す切断結果は、図8、図9に示した切断結果よりもレーザ光のスポット径を小さくした場合の切断結果である。
<共通の条件>
レーザ光光源:ファイバーレーザ(波長1070nm)
レーザ光のガラス板への入射角:0°
レーザ光の集光角:2.5°
レーザ光の集光位置:ガラス板の表面から光源側に23mm離れた位置
ガラス板の表面におけるレーザスポット径:φ1mm
レーザ光に対するガラス板の吸収係数α:0.09cm-1(0.009mm-1)
ガラス板の板厚t:0.07cm(0.7mm)
ガラス板のヤング率Y:74000MPa
α×t:0.0063
ノズルの出口径:φ1mm
ノズルからの冷却ガス(室温の圧縮空気)の流量:30L/min
目標切断位置:ガラス板の短辺と平行な直線(一方の短辺からの距離10mm、他方の短辺からの距離90mm)
切断速度:2.5mm/s
また、ガラス板の切断の途中で、レーザ照射及びガス冷却を中断したときのクラックの様子を目視で観察した。
図8~10の切断面の顕微鏡写真における縞模様の線は、ある時点でのクラックの先端位置を表す。
図8~10における「自走」とは、レーザ照射等の中断後に、ガラス板の2つの短辺のうち、切断位置から近い方の短辺に向けてクラックが伸展することを意味する。
実施例1では、内部ひずみエネルギーUCTが異なる21個のサンプル1~21について、臨界照射エネルギーEcとの関係を調査した。なお、サンプル18~21は、非強化ガラス板である。
図14は、実施例1に係る切断予定線の形状を示す図である。図14に示すように、実施例1に係る切断予定線は、2つの直線部と、クランク形状を構成する2つのコーナー部(曲率半径R=5mm)を備えている。
CT=(CS×DOL)/(t1-2×DOL) ・・・式1
内部ひずみエネルギーUCT(J/m2)は、強化ガラス板のヤング率Y(MPa)を用いて以下の式2により求めた。
UCT={CT2×(t1-2×DOL)}/(2×Y) ・・・式2
E=Pe/v ・・・式3
サンプル1~11についての照射エネルギーEの臨界値である臨界照射エネルギーEcは、照射エネルギーEを約1(J/mm)ずつ変化させて切断を繰り返すことにより求めた。その際、レーザ光の走査速度v(mm/s)は固定したまま、レーザ出力P(W)のみを2.5Wずつ変化させた。
また、非強化ガラス板のサンプル18~21についての臨界照射エネルギーEcは、照射エネルギーEを約4(J/mm)ずつ変化させて切断を繰り返すことにより求めた。その際、レーザ光の走査速度v(mm/s)は固定したまま、レーザ出力P(W)のみを10Wずつ変化させた。
他方、サンプル12~17についての臨界照射エネルギーEcは、照射エネルギーEを徐々に変化させて切断を繰り返すことにより求めた。その際、レーザ出力P(W)は固定したまま、レーザ光の走査速度v(mm/s)のみを0.25mm/sずつ変化させた。
なお、図15に示す通り、サンプル1~11については、ビーム径φ=0.1mm、サンプル12~17については、ビーム径φ=0.2mmとした。また、非強化ガラス板のサンプル18についてはビーム径φ=0.5mm、サンプル19についてはビーム径φ=0.8mm、サンプル20についてはビーム径φ=1.0mm、サンプル21についてはビーム径φ=2.0mmとした。
また、全てのサンプルについて、レーザ光照射側から直径1mmφのノズルを用いて、流量15L/minの空気を吹き付けた。ここで、強化ガラス板とノズル先端との距離(ギャップ)は3mmとした。
さらに、上述の通り、切断する強化ガラス板より大きなテーブルに強化ガラスを載せ、より安定した状態で切断することができる。また、透過光が劇的に減少するため、その処理も不要となる。さらに、強化ガラス板の端面における反射光も劇的に減少するため、悪影響を及ぼし難い。
Ea=Ec×exp(-α×t2) ・・・式4
図15に示すように、臨界吸収エネルギーEa(J/mm)の値は、レーザ波長λが2950nmの場合と1070nmの場合とを比較しても、ほとんど差が無い。
臨界圧縮応力σc(MPa)は、ヤング率Y(MPa)、線膨張係数αL(K-1)、温度変化ΔT(K)を用いて、次式5で表すことができる。
σc=Y×αL×ΔT ・・・式5
ここで、レーザ照射面積S1(mm2)とすれば、(臨界吸収エネルギー)は、臨界吸収エネルギーEa(J/mm)をφ(mm)で割った単位面積当たりの臨界吸収エネルギーEa/φ(J/mm2)を用いて、Ea×S1/φ(J)で表すことができる。
また、強化ガラス板における加熱領域の面積S2(mm2)とすると、(レーザ照射部の強化ガラス板の熱容量)は、強化ガラス板の厚さt2(mm)、密度ρ(g/mm3)、比熱c(J/g/K)を用いて、S2×t2×ρ×c(J/K)で表すことができる。
ΔT=Ea×S1/(S2×t2×ρ×c)/φ
=(S1/S2)×Ea/(t2×ρ×c)/φ ・・・式6
式5に式6を代入することにより、臨界圧縮応力σc(MPa)は次式7で表すことができる。
σc=(S1/S2)×Y×αL×Ea/(t2×ρ×c)/φ ・・・式7
ここで、単純化のために、S1/S2=一定と考えれば、求めるべき臨界圧縮応力σcの積分値に比例するσc×φは次式8で表すことができる。
σc×φ∝Ea×(Y×αL)/(t2×ρ×c)=Kc ・・・式8
式8のKcを臨界切断指数と名付ける。切断可能な臨界値を示すこの臨界切断指数Kcの値が小さくなる程、切断が容易になり、臨界切断指数Kcの値が大きくなる程、切断が困難になる。このように、切断性は、式3で示された単位長さあたりのレーザ光の照射エネルギーE(J/mm)により判断できる。
図15の最右列に臨界切断指数Kc(N/mm)を示した。
K=E×exp(-α×t2)×(Y×αL)/(t2×ρ×c) ・・・式9
さらに、式9に式3を代入することにより、以下の式10が得られる。
K=Pe/v×exp(-α×t2)×(Y×αL)/(t2×ρ×c)・・式10
実施例2では、レーザ光の吸収率を高める異物付着に対するレーザ波長λの影響を調査した。
図17は、サンプル31~33及び41~43について、レーザ波長λ、内部ひずみエネルギーUCT、照射エネルギーE、両者を導出するための諸条件、異物としての黒色マークの有無、切断可否、断面性状が示された表である。具体的には、表の左列から順に、レーザ波長λ(nm)、サンプル番号、ヤング率Y(MPa)、強化ガラス板の厚さt(μm)、表面圧縮応力CS(MPa)、表面層及び裏面層の厚さDOL(μm)、内部残留引張応力CT(MPa)、内部ひずみエネルギーUCT(J/m2)、レーザ光の走査速度v(mm/s)、ビーム径φ(mm)、レーザ出力P(W)、照射エネルギーE(J/mm)、黒色マークの有無、切断可否、断面性状が示されている。内部ひずみエネルギーUCT及び照射エネルギーEは、実施例1と同様に導出した。但し、簡易に評価するため、反射率r=0%とした。
レーザ波長λ=1070nmのサンプル32では、表面に黒色マークが付されたことにより、その部分でのレーザ光の吸収率が高まり、切断はできたものの断面に欠点が発生した。
また、レーザ波長λ=1070nmのサンプル33では、裏面に黒色マークが付されたことにより、切断すらできなかった。
このように、レーザ波長を3000nm近傍とすることにより、レーザ光の吸収率が高まる。そのため、表面あるいは裏面に付着した異物によりレーザ光の吸収率が高まっても、吸収率の変化の割合が小さいため、悪影響を及ぼし難いことが分かった。
実施例3では、レーザ波長λ=2950nmとした場合において、ブラックマトリクス膜の形成有無が臨界照射エネルギーEcに及ぼす影響について調査した。実施例1と同様に、図14に示した切断予定線に沿って切断した。
本出願は、2012年7月9日出願の日本特許出願2012-153400、2012年11月30日出願の日本特許出願2012-261909に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
12 表面
13 表面層
14 裏面
15 裏面層
17 中間層
20 レーザ光
22 照射領域
25 レンズ
28 冷却ノズル
30 クラック
40 強化ガラスパネル
41~44 直線部
45 切断開始位置
46 切断終了位置
235 切断予定線
C1~C4 コーナー部
Claims (9)
- 残留圧縮応力を有する表面層及び裏面層と、当該表面層及び裏面層との間に形成され、内部残留引張応力CT(MPa)を有する中間層とを備える強化ガラス板を、当該強化ガラス板に照射されるレーザ光の照射領域を移動させることで切断する工程を含む、強化ガラス板の切断方法であって、
前記表面層及び前記裏面層の厚さDOL(μm)、前記強化ガラス板の厚さt1(μm)、ヤング率Y(MPa)を用いて、下式で表現される前記内部残留引張応力CTに基づく単位面積当たりのひずみエネルギーUCT(J/m2)を2.5J/m2以上とし、
前記強化ガラス板に入射される前記レーザ光の出力Pe(W)、前記レーザ光の走査速度v(mm/s)、前記レーザ光に対する前記強化ガラス板の吸収係数α(mm-1)、前記強化ガラス板の厚さt2(mm)、ヤング率Y(MPa)、線膨張係数αL(K-1)、密度ρ(g/mm3)、比熱c(J/g/K)を用いて、下式で表現される切断指数K(N/mm)を150N/mm以下とする、強化ガラス板の切断方法。
UCT={CT2×(t1-2×DOL)}/(2×Y)
K=Pe/v×exp(-α×t2)×(Y×αL)/(t2×ρ×c) - 前記レーザ光のビーム径を前記強化ガラス板の厚さ以下とする、
請求項1に記載の強化ガラス板の切断方法。 - 前記強化ガラス板に照射されるレーザ光によって前記中間層を徐冷点以下の温度で局所的に加熱し、前記中間層に圧縮応力を発生させることにより、前記内部残留引張応力によるクラックの伸展を制御しつつ、前記レーザ光の照射領域を移動させることで前記強化ガラス板を切断する、請求項1又は2に記載の強化ガラス板の切断方法。
- 前記強化ガラス板と前記レーザ光とが、0<α×t2≦3.0の条件を満たす、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の強化ガラス板の切断方法。 - 前記レーザ光の波長を250~5000nmとする、
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の強化ガラス板の切断方法。 - 前記レーザ光の波長を2500~3500nmとする、
請求項5に記載の強化ガラス板の切断方法。 - 前記強化ガラス板の前記レーザ光の照射領域に、前記レーザ光の入射側から気体を吹き付けて冷却する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の強化ガラス板の切断方法。
- 前記内部残留引張応力CTに基づく単位面積当たりのひずみエネルギーUCTが60J/m2以下である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の強化ガラス板の切断方法。
- 前記切断指数Kが、5N/mm以上である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の強化ガラス板の切断方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201406688A (zh) | 2014-02-16 |
JPWO2014010490A1 (ja) | 2016-06-23 |
KR20150037816A (ko) | 2015-04-08 |
CN104428264A (zh) | 2015-03-18 |
TW201412662A (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
US20150183679A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
WO2014010506A1 (ja) | 2014-01-16 |
JP6065910B2 (ja) | 2017-01-25 |
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