WO2014008746A1 - 一种制备丁二酸二酯的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备丁二酸二酯的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014008746A1 WO2014008746A1 PCT/CN2012/087089 CN2012087089W WO2014008746A1 WO 2014008746 A1 WO2014008746 A1 WO 2014008746A1 CN 2012087089 W CN2012087089 W CN 2012087089W WO 2014008746 A1 WO2014008746 A1 WO 2014008746A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/39—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oxidation of groups which are precursors for the acid moiety of the ester
- C07C67/42—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oxidation of groups which are precursors for the acid moiety of the ester by oxidation of secondary alcohols or ketones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C51/23—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups
- C07C51/245—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups of keto groups or secondary alcohol groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/313—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of doubly bound oxygen containing functional groups, e.g. carboxyl groups
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a chemical raw material, in particular to a novel method for preparing a succinic acid diester by using levulinic acid or levulinic acid ester as a raw material, in particular, the method uses air or oxygen as an oxygen source, and a manganese compound.
- levulinic acid or levulinic acid ester is converted into a succinic acid diester by an oxidation reaction and an esterification reaction.
- Succinic acid diester is an important fine chemical intermediate that can be converted into many fine chemicals such as succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, Y-butyrolactone and N-methylpyrrolidone. Therefore, succinic diesters are widely used in the food, fragrance, pharmaceutical, paint, rubber and plastic industries. In addition, lower esters of succinic acid diester (such as dimethyl succinate, diethyl succinate, etc.) and 1,4-butanediol can be polymerized into polybutylene succinate by transesterification. This material has good biodegradability, has important application value and broad development prospects.
- succinic acid diester There are two main methods for preparing succinic acid diester.
- Carbohydrates are obtained by fermentation to obtain succinic acid (US Pat. No. 5,723,322, US Pat. No. 5,143,834, US Pat. No. 5,143,833, US Pat. No. 5,168,055, US Pat. No. 5,739,331), which are esterified under acid catalysis to obtain succinic acid diester (CN 101323566 A, CN 1196350 A, CN 101092358 A).
- succinic acid diester CN 101323566 A, CN 1196350 A, CN 101092358 A
- the microorganisms that produce succinic acid have a narrow pH range (pH 5.8 to 7.2, US 5723322); the fermentation medium has a higher cost; the by-products are more complicated, and the separation and purification costs are high.
- (2) Oxidation of C4 hydrocarbons or benzene to obtain maleic anhydride US Pat. No. 4,713,464, US Pat. No. 4,795,818, US Pat. No. 5,275,996, US Pat. No.
- succinic acid diester (EP 844231, EP 728731) , CN 102070448 A, CN 101824627 A, CN 101343210 A)
- succinic acid diester (EP 844231, EP 728731)
- CN 102070448 A CN 101824627 A
- CN 101343210 A the key raw material of this method, maleic anhydride, comes from non-renewable fossil resources (oxidized by C4 hydrocarbons or benzene), which is greatly affected by the price of fossil resources. Therefore, the development of new methods for preparing succinic diesters has important significance and application background.
- Levulinic acid is an important organic acid and one of the twelve important platform compounds announced by the US Department of Energy (T. Werpy, G. Petersen, "Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass: Vol. 1 - Results of Screening for Potential Candidates From Sugars and Synthesis Gas", National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2004), the compound can be obtained from biomass such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and cellulose, agricultural waste such as plant straw, wood chips, leaves and other forestry wastes, Levulinic acid can also be obtained by acid catalysis in paper industry and domestically produced wastes (US 5,608,105, US 5,859,263, US 6,506,611, US 2010 031 2006, CN 101 348 430 A, CN 101 648 863 A, Russian Chemical Reviews 1999, 68, 73-84) .
- biomass such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and cellulose
- agricultural waste such as plant straw, wood chips, leaves and other forestry wastes
- Levulinic acid can also be obtained by acid cat
- Levulinate is one of the important derivatives of levulinic acid, which is obtained by esterification of levulinic acid. It can also be directly converted from biomass.
- the acetyl propionate obtained by direct preparation of biomass has been publicly reported ( US 7153996, US 7378549, US 20100312006, CN 102060704 A, CN 1643116 A and B CN 101781210 A) o Biomass and biomass-based platform compounds are rich in oxygen and specific structures, making full use of their existing oxygen atoms and Molecular structure preparation of important fine chemicals is an important way to utilize biomass resources, which is conducive to the establishment of a new route for the production of chemicals that do not rely on fossil resources, in line with the requirements of sustainable development of human society.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for preparing succinic acid diester by using levulinic acid or levulinic acid ester as a raw material, molecular oxygen as an oxidant, and selective oxidation by liquid phase catalysis under the action of a manganese compound. And esterification to obtain the product succinic acid diester (the main product distribution of the method provided by the present invention is as shown in Formula 2).
- the raw materials used in the present invention include one or more of levulinic acid, methyl levulinate, ethyl levulinate, n-propyl levulinate, isopropyl levulinate and n-butyl levulinate. .
- the catalyst used in the method is a manganese compound, including manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese carbonate, manganese acetate (11), manganese acetate (111), manganese chloride, manganese sulfide, manganese monoxide, manganese dioxide, and manganese trioxide.
- the reaction is carried out in a pressure reactor, and oxygen or air may be used as the oxygen source, or a mixed gas of oxygen and air, nitrogen or the like may be used as the oxygen source.
- the partial pressure of oxygen is 0.1-2.0 MPa. Within a certain range, as the oxygen pressure increases, the oxidation reaction rate increases. However, if the oxygen pressure is too high, the side reaction will increase and the equipment cost will increase. Therefore, the optimal partial pressure of oxygen is 0.5-1.5 MPa.
- the reaction temperature is 20-200 V. Increasing the reaction temperature can shorten the reaction time, but it also leads to an increase in side reactions. Therefore, the optimal optimum reaction temperature is 80-120 °C.
- the reaction time is 2-20 h. In a certain time range, the conversion rate increases with the reaction time, but after the reaction time is extended to a certain time, the conversion rate and product selectivity are stable, and the optimal reaction time is 8-12 h.
- the solvent used in the reaction system of the present invention is acetic acid, acetonitrile, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetic anhydride, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, N,N-dimethylformamide, 1,4-dioxane, benzene.
- One or more of toluene, n-hexane and cyclohexane; or one or more of alcohols of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, these alcohols may be primary alcohols, secondary alcohols or tertiary alcohols It may be a linear alcohol, a branched alcohol or an alcohol containing an aliphatic ring.
- the molar ratio of the solvent to the starting material levulinic acid or levulinic acid propionate is 5-100.
- an excess of an alcohol and an esterification catalyst are added to the reaction liquid to obtain a succinic acid diester by esterification, which is advantageous for analysis and separation of the product.
- the type of alcohol to be added is determined according to the kind of the target product succinic acid diester, and the alcohol is one or more of alcohols having 1-8 carbon atoms, and these alcohols may be primary alcohols, secondary alcohols or tertiary alcohols.
- the alcohol may be a linear alcohol, a branched alcohol or an aliphatic ring-containing alcohol, and the molar ratio of the alcohol to the raw material is from 50 to 500.
- the catalyst used in the esterification reaction may be hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, boron trifluoride diethyl ether, may be a strong acid cation exchange resin, an acidic zeolite, or may be a phosphomolybdic acid, a phosphotungstic acid, a silicotungstic acid, a silicomolybdic acid. One or more of a heteropolyacid and a solid superacid.
- the catalyst used for the esterification reaction may be added in an amount of from 0.5 to 20.0 mol%, preferably from 2.0 to 10.0 mol%, and the esterification reaction time is from 4 to 10 h.
- esterification reaction is a reversible reaction
- the type and amount of the esterification catalyst, the esterification reaction temperature and the esterification reaction time have an effect on the final yield of the succinic acid diester.
- the esterification reaction is in accordance with the typical ester. The characteristics of the reaction are not within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The invention is not described in detail.
- a typical preparation process is: adding a certain amount of methyl levulinate to the reaction vessel, adding a solvent, and performing molecular oxygen (air or oxygen) oxidation reaction under the action of a catalyst. After the end of the oxidation reaction, methanol and an esterification catalyst were added to carry out an esterification reaction, and the sample was analyzed. After the esterification reaction was nearly complete, the product dimethyl succinate was isolated by distillation under reduced pressure.
- levulinic acid or levulinic acid ester is first catalyzed by a manganese compound to cause CC bond cleavage between the carbonyl carbon and the adjacent terminal methyl group to form the corresponding succinic acid or succinic acid
- the ester is then esterified to form a succinic acid diester, wherein the catalyst manganese compound is the key to the oxidative cleavage of the CC bond, oxygen
- R alkyl
- Formula 2 provides the main product distribution of the method
- the new route provided by the present invention has the following characteristics:
- the present invention proposes a novel method for preparing succinic acid diester from levulinic acid or levulinic acid ester.
- levulinic acid or levulinic acid ester is not used as a raw material
- molecular oxygen is an oxygen source
- manganese compound is Catalysts, reports of the preparation of succinic diesters under milder conditions.
- the raw materials of levulinic acid and levulinate in the present invention can be obtained from biomass such as cellulose, starch and agricultural and forestry waste.
- biomass such as cellulose, starch and agricultural and forestry waste.
- the method provides a wider source of raw materials, and the reaction conditions are not affected by pH and the like, and the reaction efficiency is high, and the product is easy to be separated and purified.
- the present invention uses oxygen or air as the final source of oxygen, and both oxidation and esterification reactions are carried out under milder conditions. Compared with the preparation route of C 4 hydrocarbons and benzene as raw materials, the raw materials of the invention are independent of fossil resources and can be regenerated, and the reaction process is easy to operate, high in safety, and has obvious advantages. DRAWINGS
- Figure 1 (a) is the original GC diagram of the reaction solution of Example 1;
- Figure 1 (b) is the original GC diagram of the reaction solution of Example 2;
- Figure 2 (a) is one of the GC-MS charts for the qualitative analysis of the product of the reaction solution of Example 1;
- Figure 2 (b) is one of the GC-MS charts for the qualitative analysis of the product of the reaction solution of Example 1;
- Figure 2 (c) is a GC-MS chart for characterizing the product of the reaction solution of Example 1;
- Figure 2 (d) is a GC-MS chart for characterizing the product of the reaction solution of Example 1;
- Figure 2 (e) is one of the GC-MS diagrams for the qualitative determination of the product of the reaction solution of Example 1;
- Figure 2 (0 is one of the GC-MS diagrams of the product of Example 1 for qualitative determination of the product;
- Figure 2 (g) is one of the GC-MS charts for the qualitative determination of the product of the reaction solution of Example 1;
- Figure 2 (h) is a GC-MS chart for characterizing the product of the reaction solution of Example 1;
- Figure 2 (j) is one of the GC-MS charts for the qualitative determination of the product of the reaction solution of Example 1;
- Figure 2 (k) is one of the GC-MS diagrams for the qualitative determination of the product of the reaction solution of Example 1;
- Figure 3 (a) is one of the GC-MS diagrams for the qualitative determination of the product of the reaction solution of Example 2;
- Figure 3 (b) is a GC-MS chart for characterizing the product of the reaction solution of Example 2;
- Figure 3 (c) is a GC-MS chart for characterizing the product of the reaction solution of Example 2;
- Figure 3 (d) is one of the GC-MS diagrams for the qualitative determination of the product of the reaction solution of Example 2;
- Figure 3 (e) is one of the GC-MS diagrams of the product of Example 2 for characterizing the product
- Figure 3 (0 is one of the GC-MS diagrams of the product of Example 2 for qualitative determination of the product;
- Figure 3 (g) is one of the GC-MS diagrams of the product of Example 2 for characterizing the product;
- Figure 3 (h) is one of the GC-MS diagrams for characterization of the product of the reaction solution of Example 2;
- Figure 3 (j) is a GC-MS chart for characterizing the product of the reaction solution of Example 2;
- Figure 3 (k) is one of the GC-MS diagrams for the qualitative determination of the product of the reaction solution of Example 2;
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the conversion of the raw materials of Examples 3-12 with temperature
- Figure 5 is a selectivity diagram of diethyl succinate
- Figure 6 is a graph showing the conversion of the starting materials of Example 13-22 and the selectivity of the main product versus reaction time; the invention will now be described in detail by way of examples. Detailed ways
- Example 1 0.33 g of methyl levulinate, 5 mol% (relative to methyl levulinate) manganese nitrate was added to a 35 mL reaction vessel, 2 mL of acetic acid was added, and oxygen was added to 1.0 MPa with constant stirring. Warm to 100 °C and hold for 10 ho then cool to room temperature. Transfer all the product to a round bottom flask, add 20 mL of anhydrous methanol and 0.15 g of concentrated sulfuric acid, heat to reflux for 6 h, cool to room temperature, transfer all the liquid to a 25 mL volumetric flask, and add 2 mL of internal standard tetramethylbenzene.
- Ao is the amount [mol] of the substance to which levulinic acid or levulinate is added before the reaction
- A is the amount of the substance remaining after the reaction of the levulinate [mol]
- B is the succinic acid formed during the reaction.
- the conversion of methyl levulinate was calculated to be 97.1%, and the selectivity of dimethyl succinate was 79.7%.
- Example 2 0.29 g of levulinic acid, 5 mol% (relative to levulinic acid) manganese (III) acetate was added to a 35 mL reaction vessel, 2 mL of methanol was added, and oxygen was added to 0.5 MPa, and the mixture was heated under constant stirring. To 90. C and keep it for 12 hours. It was then cooled to room temperature.
- the whole product was transferred to a round bottom flask, and 20 mL of anhydrous ethanol and 0.15 g of boron trifluoride diethyl ether were added, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 6 h and cooled to room temperature.
- the product was analyzed by the method of Example 1 to obtain a graph showing the conversion of ethyl levulinate and the selectivity of diethyl succinate, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
- the reaction temperature is between 80 °C and 120 V, the conversion rate of the raw materials is higher, and the selectivity of the product is better.
- the temperature is lower than 80 V, the conversion rate of the raw materials is too low, and the temperature is higher than 120 V.
- the side reaction increases, resulting in a decrease in the selectivity of the target product succinate diester.
- the reaction time is 8 h-12 h, the reaction time is less than 8 h, the conversion rate of raw materials is lower, the reaction time is prolonged, the conversion rate of raw materials is not significantly improved, and the selectivity of the product is improved. There is no major change, but prolonging the reaction time increases the energy consumption and reduces the reaction efficiency.
- the oxygen pressure can be maintained at 0.5 MPa-1.5 MPa.
- the oxygen pressure is low, the conversion rate of raw materials is low, the oxygen pressure is too high, the product selectivity is poor, and the requirements for equipment are improved.
- Examples 28-42 Inspected manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese carbonate, manganese acetate (11), manganese acetate (111), manganese chloride, manganese sulfide, manganese dioxide, dimanganese trioxide, trimanganese tetraoxide, Catalytic activity of manganese oxalate, manganese acetylacetonate (11), manganese acetylacetonate (111), manganese citrate, and the like.
- Reaction conditions 0.39 g of n-propyl levulinate, 5 mol% of catalyst (relative to n-propyl levulinate), 2 mL of acetic acid, 100 ° C, 10 h, 0.6 MPa of oxygen, after the reaction, esterification reaction, 20 mL of n-propanol and 0.15 g of concentrated sulfuric acid were added, refluxed for 6 h, and the product was analyzed according to the method of Example 1. The conversion of n-propyl levulinate and the selectivity of di-n-propyl succinate were as shown in Table 2. Show.
- the effect of the amount of catalyst on the conversion of levulinic acid ethyl ester and product selectivity is as follows: 0.36 g of ethyl levulinate was added to a 35 mL reactor, and then 0.5 mol%, 1.0 mol%, 2.0 mol were added respectively. % 4.0 mol%, 10.0 mol%, 15.0 mol%, Wool 20.0 mol% (relative to ethyl levulinate) acetylacetonate manganese (II) and 2 mL acetic acid, filled with oxygen 0.8 MPa, heated to 120 with constant stirring V, and keep it for 6 h. It was then cooled to room temperature.
- Example 50 3.3 g of methyl levulinate, 5 mol% (relative to methyl levulinate) manganese sulfate was added to a 3/150 mL reactor, 20 mL of acetic anhydride was added, and oxygen was charged at 1.5 MPa, and stirred. Warm to 90 °C and hold for 10 h. It was then cooled to room temperature. The whole product was transferred to a round bottom flask, and 200 mL of anhydrous methanol and 0.15 g of Nafion 70 were added, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 6 hours and cooled to room temperature. Distillation under reduced pressure gave 2.67 g of dimethyl succinate.
- Example 51 29.0 g of levulinic acid, 5 mol% (relative to levulinic acid) manganese citrate was added to a 1000 mL reaction vessel, 200 mL of acetic acid was added, and 1.0 MPa of oxygen was charged, and the temperature was raised to 100 ° C with stirring. , and keep it for 6 ho then cool to room temperature. All products were transferred to a round bottom flask, 500 mL anhydrous methanol and 0.50 HY were added, heated to reflux for 6 h and cooled to room temperature. Distillation under reduced pressure gave 25.9 g of dimethyl succinate.
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Abstract
一种制备丁二酸二酯的方法,该方法以乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯为原料,分子氧为氧源,通过催化选择氧化和酯化反应生成丁二酸二酯。该方法所用原料乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯可以从纤维素、淀粉、农林废弃物等生物质中获取,是一条不依赖化石资源制备丁二酸二酯的新路线,过程反应条件温和、丁二酸二酯的选择性高,具有重要的应用前景。
Description
一种制备丁二酸二酯的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及化工原料的制备方法,尤其涉及一种以乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯为原料 制备丁二酸二酯的新方法, 具体地讲, 该方法以空气或氧气为氧源, 锰化合物作为催 化剂, 通过氧化反应和酯化反应将乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯转化为丁二酸二酯。 背景技术
丁二酸二酯是一种重要的精细化工中间体, 可以转化为许多精细化学品, 如丁二 酸、 1,4-丁二醇、 四氢呋喃、 Y -丁内酯及 N-甲基吡咯烷酮等; 因此, 丁二酸二酯在 食品、 香料、 医药、 涂料、 橡胶和塑料行业有广泛应用。 另外, 丁二酸二酯中的低级 酯(如丁二酸二甲酯、 丁二酸二乙酯等)与 1,4-丁二醇通过酯交换可聚合成聚丁二酸 丁二醇酯,这种材料具有良好的生物降解性,具有重要的应用价值和广阔的发展前景。
丁二酸二酯的制备方法主要有两种。 (1 ) 碳水化合物通过发酵得到丁二酸 (US 5723322, US 5143834, US 5143833, US 5168055, US 5573931 ), 在酸催化作用下酯化 得到丁二酸二酯 (CN 101323566 A, CN 1196350 A, CN 101092358 A)。 但是该方法存 在很多问题, 如生产丁二酸的微生物适应 pH值范围很窄 (pH5.8〜7.2, US 5723322); 发酵法培养基成本较高; 副产物较复杂, 分离提纯成本高。 (2) C4烃类或苯氧化得 到马来酸酐 (US 4713464, US 4795818, US 5275996, US 5296436, CN 1735458 A), 然 后经酯化、 加氢得到丁二酸二酯 (EP 844231, EP 728731, CN 102070448 A, CN 101824627 A, CN 101343210 A), 这种方法的关键原料马来酸酐来自不可再生的化石 资源(C4烃类或苯氧化而来), 受化石资源的价格影响较大。 因此, 发展制备丁二酸 二酯的新方法具有重要的意义和应用背景。
乙酰丙酸是重要的有机酸, 也是美国能源部公布的十二种重要平台化合物之一 (T. Werpy, G. Petersen, "Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass: Vol. 1― Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas" , National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2004), 该化合物可以从葡萄糖、 果糖、 蔗糖、 淀粉和纤维素等生物 质转化得到, 植物秸秆等农业废弃物、 木屑、 落叶等林业废弃物、 造纸业和生活产生的 废弃物等在酸催化作用下也可得到乙酰丙酸 (US 5608105, US 5859263, US 6054611, US 20100312006, CN101348430 A, CN101648863 A, Russian Chemical Reviews 1999, 68, 73-84)。 乙酰丙酸酯是乙酰丙酸重要的衍生物之一, 是由乙酰丙酸酯化得到的, 也可由 生物质直接转化得到, 由生物质直接制备得到乙酰丙酸酯已有专利的公开报道 (US 7153996, US 7378549, US 20100312006, CN 102060704 A, CN 1643116 A禾 B CN 101781210 A) o 生物质及生物质基平台化合物都含有丰富的氧和特定的结构, 充分利用 其已有的氧原子和分子结构制备重要的精细化学品是利用生物质资源的重要途径, 有利 于建立不依赖化石资源的化学品生产新路线, 符合人类社会可持续发展的要求。
到目前为止,以乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯为原料制备得到丁二酸或丁二酸二酯的研 究较少, 仅有少数文献报道了以乙酰丙酸为原料制备得到丁二酸, 如 US 2676186报 道了以 V205为催化剂在气相催化乙酰丙酸转化为丁二酸, 该方法在气相进行反应, 反应温度较高; Ponsford报道了以铜盐为催化剂用 ¾02氧化乙酰丙酸得到丁二酸( A.
P. Ponsford, I. Smedley-Maclean, Biochem. J., 1934, 28, 892-897), 但是 H202作为氧化 剂价格昂贵、 利用率低, 稳定性差, 运输、 储存危险。 文献中尚未见以乙酰丙酸或乙 酰丙酸酯为原料, 分子氧为氧源, 锰化合物作为催化剂, 在液相温和条件下制备丁二 酸二酯的研究报道。本发明报道了以锰化合物为催化剂,通过催化选择氧化和酯化反 应将乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯转化为丁二酸二酯 (本专利提供的方法与传统方法的比 较, 如式 1所示)。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种制备丁二酸二酯的新方法,该方法以乙酰丙酸或乙酰 丙酸酯为原料, 分子氧为氧化剂, 在锰化合物催化作用下, 通过液相催化选择氧化和 酯化反应, 得到产品丁二酸二酯 (本发明提供方法的主要产物分布如式 2所示)。 \ 本发明中所用原料包括乙酰丙酸、 乙酰丙酸甲酯、 乙酰丙酸乙酯、 乙酰丙酸正丙 酯、 乙酰丙酸异丙酯和乙酰丙酸正丁酯中的一种或多种。
该方法中所用催化剂为锰化合物, 包括硫酸锰、 硝酸锰、 碳酸锰、 乙酸锰(11 )、 乙酸锰 (111)、 氯化锰、 硫化锰、 一氧化锰、 二氧化锰、 三氧化二锰、 四氧化三锰、 草酸锰、 乙酰丙酮锰(11 )、 乙酰丙酮锰(111)、 柠檬酸锰中的一种或多种; 催化剂的 用量为乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯的 0.5-20.0 mol%, 较佳用量为乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯 的 2.0-10.0 mol%。
反应在压力反应器中进行, 可以用氧气或空气为氧源, 也可以用氧气与空气、氮 气等的混合气体为氧源。 其中氧气分压为 0.1-2.0 MPa, 在一定范围内随着氧气压力 增加,氧化反应速率提高,但是氧气压力过高会导致副反应增加,也会提高设备成本, 因此, 氧气最佳分压为 0.5-1.5 MPa。 反应温度为 20-200 V, 升高反应温度可以缩短 反应时间, 但也会导致副反应增加, 因此, 优化的最佳反应温度为 80-120 °C。 反应 时间为 2-20 h, 在一定时间范围内, 随反应时间增加转化率提高, 但是反应时间延长 到一定时间以后, 转化率和产物选择性稳定, 最佳反应时间为 8-12 h。
本发明反应体系所用溶剂为乙酸、 乙腈、 乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸酐、 二甲基 亚砜、 环丁砜、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、 1,4-二氧六环、 苯、 甲苯、 正己烷和环己烷等的 一种或多种; 或 1-8个碳原子的醇中的一种或多种, 这些醇类可以是一级醇、 二级醇 或三级醇, 可以是直链醇、支链醇或含脂肪环的醇。溶剂与原料乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸 酯的摩尔比为 5-100。
氧化反应结束后向反应液中加入过量的醇和酯化催化剂,通过酯化得到丁二酸二 酯, 有利于产物的分析和分离。 根据目标产物丁二酸二酯的种类确定加入醇的种类, 醇为含有 1-8个碳原子的醇中的一种或多种, 这些醇类可以是一级醇、 二级醇或三级 醇, 可以是直链醇、支链醇或含脂肪环的醇, 醇与原料的摩尔比为 50-500。 酯化反应 所用催化剂可以是盐酸、 硫酸、 磷酸、 硼酸、 三氟化硼乙醚, 可以是强酸性阳离子交 换树脂、 酸性沸石, 也可以是磷钼酸、 磷钨酸、 硅钨酸、 硅钼酸等杂多酸和固体超强 酸的一种或多种。 酯化反应所用催化剂的加入量为底物的 0.5-20.0 mol%均可, 较佳 用量为 2.0-10.0 mol%, 酯化反应时间为 4-10 h。 由于酯化反应是一个可逆反应, 酯化 催化剂的种类和用量、酯化反应温度和酯化反应时间对丁二酸二酯的最终收率都会有 影响,这一酯化反应的规律符合典型酯化反应的特点,不在本发明的权利要求范围内,
本发明不再详细描述。
以丁二酸二甲酯的制备为例, 典型的制备过程为: 将一定量乙酰丙酸甲酯加入到 反应釜中, 加入溶剂, 在催化剂作用下进行分子氧(空气或氧气)氧化反应。 氧化反 应结束后, 加入甲醇和酯化催化剂进行酯化反应, 取样分析, 酯化反应接近完全后, 通过减压蒸馏分离得到产品丁二酸二甲酯。
可能的反应历程为:乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯在锰化合物的催化作用下首先在羰基 碳和相邻的端甲基之间发生 C-C键断裂, 生成相应的丁二酸或丁二酸单酯, 然后再 经酯化生成丁二酸二酯, 其中催化剂锰化合物是实现 C-C键氧化断裂的关键, 氧气
R = alkyl
1 丁二酸二酯传统生产路线和本发明的新路线
R=alkyl
式 2 本发明提供方法的主要产物分布
与传统路线相比, 本发明提供的新路线具有以下特点:
1. 本发明提出了由乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯制备丁二酸二酯的新方法, 文献中未 见以乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯为原料, 分子氧为氧源, 锰化合物为催化剂, 在较温和条 件下制备丁二酸二酯的报道。
2. 本发明中原料乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸酯可以从纤维素、 淀粉和农林废弃物等生 物质得到。 与制备丁二酸二酯的糖类生物发酵-酯化方法相比, 本专利提供方法原料 来源更广, 同时反应条件不受 pH等因素的影响, 反应效率高, 产物易于分离提纯。
3. 本发明以氧气或空气为最终氧源, 氧化和酯化反应都在较温和条件下进行。 与 C4烃类、 苯为原料的制备路线相比, 本发明中原料不依赖化石资源而且可再生, 反应过程易操作、 安全性高, 具有明显优势。 附图说明
图 1 (a) 为实施例 1的反应液原始 GC图;
图 1 (b) 为实施例 2的反应液原始 GC图;
图 2 (a) 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一; 图 2 (b) 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 2 (c) 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 2 (d) 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 2 (e) 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 2 (0 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 2 (g) 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 2 (h) 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 2 ( 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 2 (j) 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 2 (k) 为实施例 1反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 (a) 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 (b) 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 (c) 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 (d) 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 (e) 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 (0 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 (g) 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 (h) 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 ( 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 (j) 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 3 (k) 为实施例 2反应液对产物定性的 GC-MS图之一;
图 4 为实施例 3-12原料的转化率随温度的变化曲线;
图 5 为丁二酸二乙酯的选择性图;
图 6 为实施例 13-22原料的转化率和主要产物选择性与反应时间的关系曲线; 下面以实施例详述本发明。 具体实施方式
实施例 1 : 将 0.33 g乙酰丙酸甲酯, 5 mol% (相对于乙酰丙酸甲酯)硝酸锰加入 到 35 mL反应釜中,加入 2 mL乙酸,充入氧气至 1.0 MPa,不断搅拌下升温至 100 °C, 并保持 10 ho 然后冷却到室温。 将全部产物转移到圆底烧瓶中, 加入 20 mL无水甲 醇和 0.15 g浓硫酸, 加热回流 6 h, 冷却到室温, 将液体全部转移至 25 mL容量瓶, 加入 2 mL内标均四甲苯后定容, 使用 GC-MS和标准物质的气相色谱保留时间对主 要产物定性 (GC-MS, 图 2), 然后取样使用气相色谱分析 (GC, 图 1 (a)), 内标定 量法得到原料的转化率和产物丁二酸二酯的选择性。按照下列公式计算乙酰丙酸或乙 酰丙酸酯的转化率和丁二酸二酯的选择性。
转化率 [mol%]=(Ao-A)/Ao X 100%
选择性 [mol%]=B/(Ao-A) X 100%
公式中, Ao为反应前加入乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯的物质的量 [mol], A为反应后 剩余乙酰丙酸酯的物质的量 [mol], B为反应过程中生成丁二酸二酯的物质的量 [mol]。
计算乙酰丙酸甲酯的转化率为 97.1%, 丁二酸二甲酯的选择性为 79.7%。
实施例 2: 将 0.29 g乙酰丙酸, 5 mol% (相对于乙酰丙酸) 乙酸锰(III)加入到 35 mL反应釜中, 加入 2 mL甲醇, 充入氧气至 0.5 MPa, 不断搅拌下升温至 90 。C , 并保 持 12 h。然后冷却到室温。 将全部反应液转移至圆底烧瓶, 加入 20 mL无水甲醇和 0.12 g浓憐酸, 回流 6 h, 冷却到室温, 将全部产物转移到 25 mL容量瓶, 加入 2 mL内标均 四甲苯后用甲醇定容, 然后取样使用 GC-MS和标准物质的气相色谱保留时间对主要产 物定性 (GC-MS, 图 3)。 使用气相色谱分析 (GC, 图 1 (b)) 定量, 内标定量法得到 原料乙酰丙酸的转化率和产物丁二酸二甲酯的选择性。按照实施例 1中的方法分析产物, 得到乙酰丙酸的转化率为 93.3%, 丁二酸二甲酯的选择性为 76.9%。
实施例 3-12:
不同反应温度下乙酰丙酸酯氧化酯化制备丁二酸二酯的结果,从图中可以看出温 度对乙酰丙酸酯的转化率和目标产物丁二酸二酯选择性的影响, 具体如下:
将 0.36 g乙酰丙酸乙酯, 3 mol% (相对于乙酰丙酸乙酯) 乙酸锰 (Π ) 加入到 35 mL反应釜中, 加入 2 mL乙酸酐, 充入氧气至 0.8 MPa, 不断搅拌下维持温度分 别为 20 °C、 40 °C、 60 °C、 80 °C、 100 °C、 120 °C、 140 °C、 160 °C、 180 °C、 200 。C , 并保持 10 h。 然后冷却到室温。 将全部产物转移到圆底烧瓶中, 加入 20 mL 无水乙醇和 0.15 g三氟化硼乙醚, 加热回流 6 h, 冷却到室温。 按照实施例 1中的方 法分析产物, 得到乙酰丙酸乙酯的转化率和丁二酸二乙酯的选择性做成图表, 如图 4 和图 5所示。
结论: 在上述反应条件下, 反应温度在 80 °C-120 V, 原料的转化率较高, 产物 的选择性较好;温度低于 80 V,原料的转化率太低,温度高于 120 V,副反应增加, 导致目标产物丁二酸二酯的选择性下降。
实施例 13-22:
不同反应时间由乙酰丙酸制备丁二酸二酯的反应结果,考察不同反应时间乙酰丙 酸的转化率和产物选择性, 具体如下:
将 0.29 g乙酰丙酸, 10 mol% (相对于乙酰丙酸)乙酰丙酮锰(III)加入到 35 mL 反应釜中, 加入 2 mL环己烷, 关釜, 充入氧气 1.2 MPa, 搅拌下升温至 100 V , 并 分另 IJ保持 2 h、 4 h 6 h、 8 h 10 h、 12 h 14 h 16 h、 18 h 20 h。 然后冷却到室温。 将全部产物转移到圆底烧瓶中, 加入 20 mL异丙醇和 0.10 g磷钼酸, 加热回流 4 h, 冷却到室温。按照实施例 1中的方法分析产物,得到乙酰丙酸的转化率和产物选择性 与反应时间的关系图参考图 6。
结论: 在上述反应条件下, 反应时间为 8 h-12 h均可, 反应时间低于 8 h, 原料 的转化率较低, 反应时间继续延长, 原料的转化率无显著提高, 产物的选择性也无较 大变化, 但延长反应时间增加了能量的消耗, 降低了反应效率。
实施例 23-27:
不同氧气压力下由乙酰丙酸正丁酯制备丁二酸二正丁酯的反应结果,考察反应压 力对乙酰丙酸正丁酯的转化率和产物选择性, 具体如下:
将 0.43 g乙酰丙酸正丁酯, 2.5 mol% (相对于乙酰丙酸正丁酯)三氧化二锰加入 至 lj 35 mL反应釜中, 加入 2 mL二甲基亚砜, 充入氧气分别为 0.1 MPa、 0.5 MPa、 1.0 MPa、 1.5 MPa、 2.0 MPa, 不断搅拌下升温至 120 °C, 并保持 6 h。 然后冷却到室温。
将全部产物转移到圆底烧瓶中, 加入 20 mL正丁醇和 0.15 g磷钨酸, 加热回流 8 h, 冷却到室温。按照实施例 1中的方法分析产物,得到乙酰丙酸正丁酯的转化率和产物 丁二酸二正丁酯选择性参见表一。
氧气压力对反应转化率和产物选择性的影响
结论: 在上述反应条件下, 氧气压力维持在 0.5 MPa-1.5 MPa即可, 氧气压力较 低时, 原料转化率较低, 氧气压力过高产物选择性差, 而且对设备的要求提高。
实施例 28-42: 分别考察硫酸锰、 硝酸锰、 碳酸锰、 乙酸锰 (11 )、 乙酸锰 (111)、 氯化锰、 硫化锰、 二氧化锰、 三氧化二锰、 四氧化三锰、 草酸锰、 乙酰丙酮锰 (11 )、 乙酰丙酮锰(111)、柠檬酸锰等的催化活性。 反应条件: 0.39 g乙酰丙酸正丙酯, 5 mol% 催化剂 (相对于乙酰丙酸正丙酯), 2 mL乙酸, 100 °C, 10 h, 0.6 MPa氧气, 反应结束 后, 酯化反应, 加入 20 mL正丙醇和 0.15 g浓硫酸, 回流 6 h, 按照实施例 1中的方法 分析产物, 得到乙酰丙酸正丙酯的转化率和丁二酸二正丙酯的选择性如表二所示。
表二 不同催化剂在相同反应条件下对转化率和产物选择性的影响
乙酰丙酸正 产物选择性 [mol%]
实施例 催化剂种类 丙酯转化率
[mol%] 丁二酸二正丙酯 草酸二正丙酯 Others
28 硫酸锰 83.7 80.5 9.2 8.3
29 93.0 79.9 10.9 15.2
30 碳酸锰 50.4 78.7 10.2 15.1
31 乙酸锰 ( II ) 90.8 77.6 15.0 10.2
32 乙酸锰 (III) 89.9 75.4 10.7 9.2
33 氯化锰 44.1 66.3 10.3 13.4
34 硫化锰 54.3 53.2 15.4 17.1
35 一氧化锰 55.5 76.3 10.0 11.2
36 二氧化锰 95.6 40.1 13.2 33.7
37 三氧化二锰 80.6 75.7 11.1 29.6
38 四氧化锰 73.8 66.2 14.2 27.7
39 草酸锰 68.9 77.6 9.7 10.2
40 乙酰丙酮锰 ( II ) 88.7 76.9 10.2 16.2
41 乙酰丙酮锰 (III ) 87.6 76.1 10.7 15.9
42 柠檬酸锰 85.1 75.7 11.6 8.7 结论: 在上述反应条件下, 筛选的锰化合物都有一定的催化活性, 在催化过程中 起到关键作用的是锰金属组分, 有机配体或者无机阴离子起辅助作用。
实施例 43-49:
催化剂用量对乙酰丙酸乙酯的转化率和产物选择性的影响, 具体如下: 将 0.36 g乙酰丙酸乙酯加入到 35 mL反应釜中, 然后分别加入 0.5 mol%、 1.0 mol%、 2.0 mol% 4.0 mol%、 10.0 mol%、 15.0 mol%、 禾卩 20.0 mol% (相对于乙酰丙 酸乙酯) 乙酰丙酮锰( II )和 2 mL乙酸, 充入氧气 0.8 MPa, 不断搅拌下升温至 120 V, 并保持 6 h。 然后冷却到室温。 将全部产物转移到圆底烧瓶中, 加入适量无水乙 醇和 Nafion-NR50, 加热回流 6 h, 冷却到室温。 按照实施例 1中的方法分析产物, 得到乙酰丙酸乙酯的转化率和产物选择性见表三。
表三 催化剂用量对原料转化率和产物选择性的影响
结论: 在上述反应条件下, 随着催化剂用量的增加, 原料转化率增加, 但是当催 化剂用量大于 15.0 mol%时, 丁二酸二酯的选择性明显下降。
实施例 50: 将 3.3 g乙酰丙酸甲酯, 5 mol% (相对于乙酰丙酸甲酯)硫酸锰加入 3\ 150 mL反应釜中, 加入 20 mL乙酸酐, 充入氧气 1.5 MPa, 搅拌下升温至 90 °C, 并保持 10 h。 然后冷却到室温。 将全部产物转移到圆底烧瓶中, 加入 200 mL无水甲 醇和 0.15 g Nafion 70,加热回流 6 h,冷却到室温。减压蒸馏得到丁二酸二甲酯 2.67 g。
实施例 51 :将 29.0 g乙酰丙酸, 5 mol% (相对于乙酰丙酸)柠檬酸锰加入到 1000 mL 反应釜中, 加入 200 mL乙酸, 充入氧气 1.0 MPa, 搅拌下升温至 100 °C, 并保 持 6 ho 然后冷却到室温。 将全部产物转移到圆底烧瓶中, 加入 500 mL无水甲醇和 0.50 HY, 加热回流 6 h, 冷却到室温。 减压蒸馏得到丁二酸二甲酯 25.9 g。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施例,但是本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此, 也不因各实施例的先后次序对本发明造成任何限制,任何熟悉本发明技术领域的技术 人员在本发明报道的技术范围内, 可轻易进行变化或替换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护 范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保护范围不仅限于以上实施例, 应该以权利要求的保护范 围为准。
Claims
1 . 一种制备丁二酸二酯的方法, 其特征在于: 以乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯为原料, 分子氧为氧化剂, 在催化剂作用下, 通过液相催化选择氧化和酯化反应, 得到产品丁 二酸二酯。
2. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于: 原料中的乙酰丙酸酯, 包括乙酰 丙酸甲酯、 乙酰丙酸乙酯、 乙酰丙酸正丙酯、 乙酰丙酸异丙酯、 乙酰丙酸正丁酯中的 一种或者二种以上。
3. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于: 该方法中所用催化剂为锰化合物, 包括硫酸锰、 硝酸锰、 碳酸锰、 乙酸锰 (11 )、 乙酸锰 (111)、 氯化锰、 硫化锰、 一氧 化锰、 二氧化锰、 三氧化二锰、 四氧化三锰、 草酸锰、 乙酰丙酮锰 (11 )、 乙酰丙酮 锰 (111)、 柠檬酸锰中的一种或二种以上; 催化剂用量为原料乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯 的 0.5-20.0 mol%。
4. 按照权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于: 催化剂较佳用量为乙酰丙酸或乙 酰丙酸酯的 2.0-10.0 mol%。
5. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于: 作为氧化剂的氧源为氧气或空气, 其中氧化反应中氧气分压为 0.1-2.0 Mpa; 反应温度为 20-200°C, 反应时间为 2-20 h。
6. 按照权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于: 氧气最佳分压为 0.5-1.5 Mpa; 最 佳反应温度为 80-120 。C。
7. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
反应体系所用溶剂为乙酸、 乙腈、 乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸酐、 二甲基亚砜、 环丁砜、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、 1,4-二氧六环、 苯、 甲苯、 正己烷和环己烷中的一种或 多种; 或 1-8个碳原子的醇中的一种或多种; 溶剂与原料乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯的摩 尔比为 5-100。
8. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
氧化反应结束后向反应液中加入过量的醇和酯化催化剂,通过酯化得到丁二酸二 酯, 有利于产物的分析和分离; 醇与原料的摩尔比为 50-500。
9. 按照权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于:
根据目标产物丁二酸二酯的种类确定加入醇的种类,醇为含有 1-8个碳原子的醇 中的一种或多种, 这些醇类可以是一级醇、 二级醇或三级醇, 可以是直链醇、 支链醇 或含脂肪环的醇, 酯化反应所用催化剂可以是盐酸、 硫酸、 磷酸、 硼酸、 三氟化硼乙 醚, 可以是强酸性阳离子交换树脂、 酸性沸石, 也可以是磷钼酸、 磷钨酸、 硅钨酸、 硅钼酸等杂多酸和固体超强酸的一种或多种。
10. 按照权利要求 8或 9所述的方法, 其特征在于:
酯化反应所用催化剂的加入量为底物的 0.5-20.0 mol%均可,较佳用量为 2.0-10.0 mol%, 酯化反应时间为 4- 10 h。
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