WO2014008744A1 - 一种阵列孔低介电材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阵列孔低介电材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014008744A1
WO2014008744A1 PCT/CN2012/086635 CN2012086635W WO2014008744A1 WO 2014008744 A1 WO2014008744 A1 WO 2014008744A1 CN 2012086635 W CN2012086635 W CN 2012086635W WO 2014008744 A1 WO2014008744 A1 WO 2014008744A1
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substrate
polymer
solution
array
dielectric material
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English (en)
French (fr)
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唐建新
朱钧钧
李艳青
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/20Silicates

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of film material preparation and processing, in particular to an array low dielectric material and a preparation method thereof.
  • the device size is micro-nanosized, and the density of electronic components increases, which increases the inter-line capacitance, interlayer capacitance, and metal wiring resistance, resulting in problems such as signal delay, noise, and power loss. protruding.
  • the use of low dielectric materials as dielectric insulation layers is an inevitable trend in the development of integrated circuits.
  • inorganic low-k materials amorphous carbon-nitrogen film, polycrystalline boron-nitrogen film, fluorosilicate glass, etc.
  • organic low-k materials polyimide, polyethylene-aryl compound, polyphenylene ether, Polypropylene, etc.
  • organic-inorganic hybrid low-k materials mixed organosiloxane polymers
  • the insulator material Si0 2 with a lower k value is injected into the cavity to form an aerosol (porosity up to 98%, dielectric constant as low as 1.05) or xerogel (porosity is generally 50-90%, dielectric constant is generally Between 1.3 and 2.5).
  • porous material can lower the dielectric constant of the material, the porous property also affects the mechanical strength of the film, and the wiring process requirements for the copper wire are more complicated. In addition, in the prior art, many dielectric constants prepared are inconsistent and the like.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a low-dielectric material of an array hole having a regular pore size and an adjustable pore size, thereby improving the mechanical strength and surface distribution characteristics of the material.
  • the present invention provides an array aperture low dielectric material, including a silicate gel;
  • the plurality of holes are arranged in an array through a plurality of holes of the silicate gel.
  • the pores have a diameter of from 100 nm to 500 nm.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing an array hole low dielectric material, comprising the following steps: providing a substrate
  • the polymer is self-assembled to obtain a substrate covered with a polymer, the polymer is spherical, and the self-assembled polymer is arranged in an array on the substrate.
  • the polymer and substrate in the silicate gel-covered substrate are removed to provide a low dielectric material having arrayed pores.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the wet gel covering the substrate is subjected to aging, drying and heat treatment to obtain a substrate covered with a silicate dry gel;
  • the polymer and substrate in the silicate xerogel-coated substrate are removed to provide a low dielectric material having an array of pores.
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • the silicate sol is prepared by a two-step method of acid hydrolysis and basic polycondensation, and the silicate solution is spin-coated on the surface of the substrate to form a wet gel having a thickness smaller than the diameter of the polymer beads;
  • the wet gel is aged, dried and heat treated to obtain a dry gel;
  • the polymer pellets in the xerogel are removed to yield a low dielectric material having array pores.
  • the step of cleaning the substrate is specifically ultrasonic cleaning twice in acetone, ethanol and deionized water for 10 minutes each time.
  • the solution containing the polymer beads is a polystyrene nanosphere solution having a diameter of 100 nm to 500 nm, and the solution has a solid content of 1% to 10%, and the solution is coated. It is carried out by means of dispensing.
  • the substrate is further subjected to a hydrophilic treatment using a concentration of 98% H 2 S0 4 and a concentration of 30% 3 ⁇ 40 2 by 3:
  • the mixed solution of the ratio of 1 is used to clean the substrate.
  • the solvent volatilization and self-assembly treatment is specifically: placing the substrate after coating the polystyrene nanosphere solution in the atmosphere for 24 hours, volatilizing the solvent and completing self-assembly of the polystyrene nanosphere. .
  • the solution containing the polymer beads is a solution of PS-b-PMMA in benzene, and the coating of the solution is carried out by spin coating.
  • the solvent volatilization and self-assembly treatment is specifically: heating the substrate coated with the PS-b-PMMA benzene solution at 180 ° C for 24 hours, and then immersing in 80 ° C acetic acid for 20 minutes to complete self-assembly. The process was finally rinsed with deionized water and dried with nitrogen.
  • the acidic hydrolysis of the silicate sol refers to mixing orthosilicate, ethanol, water and hydrochloric acid and stirring to form a standard solution, wherein the ratio of hydrochloric acid and the stirring time are regarded as the ethyl orthosilicate. Depending on the rate and extent of hydrolysis.
  • the basic polycondensation of the silicate sol means that ammonia water and ethanol are added to the standard solution to cause polycondensation of the hydrolyzed orthosilicate to form a polymerization product, i.e., a silicate sol.
  • the specific step of obtaining the xerogel is: firstly aging the wet gel in an ethanol atmosphere, drying the aged colloid at a temperature of 60 ° C, and finally drying the solution.
  • the sample was heated to 200 ° C - 500 ° C at a rate of rC / min for 2 hours and cooled at 2 ° C / min.
  • the removing the polymer beads in the dry gel is: first immersing the dry gel in an organic solvent to dissolve and remove the polymer beads, and then drying at 60 ° C to remove all the solvent, finally A low dielectric material with array holes is obtained.
  • the present invention provides a low dielectric material for array apertures comprising a silicate gel and a plurality of apertures extending through the silicate gel, the plurality of apertures being arranged in an array.
  • the present invention first coats a polymer solution on a substrate, the polymer is spherical, and the polymer is self-assembled on a substrate. During self-assembly, the polymer beads are non-covalently bonded to each other. Under the action, the spontaneous assembly results in a stable arrangement with an array structure, the self-assembled polymers are arranged in an array on the substrate; then the silicic acid is coated on the obtained polymer-coated substrate.
  • the salt sol makes the coating thickness of the silicate gel smaller than the diameter of the polymer; after removing the polymer and the substrate, a low dielectric material having an array of pores is obtained.
  • the array hole low dielectric material of the present invention has the advantages that: no single layer of the hole template can be used for the preparation of the nanoporous film, when the thickness of the film is smaller than the diameter of the small ball, The pores of the film penetrate from bottom to top to help improve the heat dissipation effect; the size of the support skeleton of the film can be adjusted by reducing the distribution density of the pellets, which helps to improve the mechanical strength of the film; the mesh structure is periodically extended to ensure The difference in performance of each part of the film is small.
  • the single-layered ball template prepared by the self-assembly method has uniform and controllable size and distribution, and the film has high molding strength and uniform performance, overcomes the poor mechanical strength of the general porous material, and is easy to partially collapse.
  • the disadvantage of regional performance is very different.
  • Figure 3 is a side schematic comparison view of samples prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an array aperture low dielectric material, including a silicate gel
  • the plurality of holes are arranged in an array through a plurality of holes of the silicate gel.
  • the dielectric material provided by the present invention includes a plurality of holes penetrating through the silicate gel, and the plurality of holes are arranged in an array.
  • the arrangement of the holes in the dielectric material provided by the present invention is more regular and arranged in an array;
  • the resulting dielectric material has a lower dielectric constant and provides a good consistency of the surface properties of the material;
  • the density of the holes and the thickness of the material body have good adjustability, resulting in a higher mechanical strength of the resulting dielectric material.
  • the low dielectric material having the array holes provided by the present invention comprises a silicate gel.
  • the viscosity coefficient of the silicate gel is preferably 8 cP 14 c c, more preferably 10 cP 12 c c.
  • the silicate gel is formed by coating a silicate sol on a substrate, coating a silicate sol with a silicate wet gel on the substrate, and sequentially aging and drying the wet gel. And heat treatment, and then the substrate is removed to obtain a silicate gel.
  • the silicate sol is preferably prepared by the following method:
  • Ethyl orthosilicate hereinafter referred to as TEOS
  • ethanol ethanol
  • water hydrochloric acid
  • the acidic solution of the tetraethyl orthosilicate was mixed with aqueous ammonia and ethanol to obtain a silicate sol.
  • TEOS, ethanol, water and hydrochloric acid are mixed, and the obtained mixed solution is preferably stirred to obtain a hydrolyzable solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and TEOS is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions.
  • the ratio of hydrochloric acid and stirring time depends on the rate and extent of hydrolysis of TEOS may be, for example, when the molar ratio of TEOS, ethanol and water is 1: 3: 1 molar ratio, then hydrochloric acid in 1.4 X 10- 3 about.
  • the stirring time needs to be more than 1 hour to fully hydrolyze TEOS;
  • the present invention hydrolyzes the obtained hydrolysis solution, and mixes the hydrolysis solution of TEOS with ammonia water and ethanol to obtain a silicate sol.
  • ammonia water and ethanol are preferably added to the TEOS hydrolysis solution, and the resulting mixed solution is preferably stirred, and the hydrolyzed TEOS is subjected to polycondensation under alkaline conditions to form a polymerization product, i.e., a silicate sol.
  • the present invention has no special requirements for the agitation method, and the stirring solution is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the stirring time is determined according to the viscosity of the silicate sol, and usually requires stirring.
  • a silicate sol having a viscosity coefficient of 8 cP to 14 cP was obtained; a plurality of holes were arranged in an array.
  • the aperture hole distribution in the array hole low dielectric material provided by the invention is uniform, the dielectric constant of the material is lowered, and the surface property is uniform, which is advantageous for the application.
  • the pores of the dielectric material provided by the present invention have good controllability, and the diameter of the pores and the pore density can be adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the polymer beads, the thickness of the silicate gel, etc., in the present invention,
  • the diameter of the pores is preferably from 100 nm to 500 nm, more preferably from 120 nm to 480 nm, and most preferably from 150 nm to 450 nm.
  • the present invention is directed to a deficiencies in the prior art, and proposes a method for preparing a low dielectric material capable of realizing array holes having a regular arrangement, by introducing micro-nano balls into a low-dielectric material body to make these micro-nano small After the ball has undergone a self-assembly process, it has a certain arrangement rule, and then the ball is removed, thereby obtaining a regularly arranged array hole in the material body.
  • the array hole low dielectric material prepared by the method not only has good uniformity of the surface properties of the material, but also can well solve the material machinery because it can control the arrangement density of the micro-nano pellets and the thickness of the material body. The problem of strength, thus enabling the production of high quality low dielectric materials.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing an array hole low dielectric material, comprising the following steps: providing a substrate;
  • the polymer is self-assembled to obtain a substrate covered with a polymer, the polymer is spherical, and the self-assembled polymer is arranged in an array on the substrate.
  • the polymer and substrate in the silicate gel-covered substrate are removed to provide a low dielectric material having arrayed pores.
  • the preparation method provided by the present invention first provides a substrate.
  • the type, size and the like of the substrate are not particularly limited in the present invention, and a substrate material well known to those skilled in the art may be used, for example, a Si substrate may be used;
  • Cleaning, to ensure the cleanliness of the surface of the substrate, is advantageous for coating the polymer pellet solution;
  • the cleaning agent is preferably a mixture of water and an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is preferably a ketone compound and an alcohol.
  • the cleaning agent is preferably a mixture of water and an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is preferably a ketone compound and an alcohol.
  • the cleaning agent is preferably a mixture of water and an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is preferably a ketone compound and an alcohol.
  • the washing is preferably ultrasonic cleaning;
  • the number of washings is preferably 2 to 5 times, more preferably 3 times; Preferably it is from 5 min to 15
  • the surface of the substrate after the cleaning is preferably subjected to hydrophilic treatment, and the method for the hydrophilic treatment of the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the hydrophilic treatment is well known to those skilled in the art; in the present invention, the substrate is preferably treated with a mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide to achieve hydrophilic treatment of the substrate;
  • the mass concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is preferably 98%;
  • the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is preferably 25% to 35%, more preferably 30%, and the volume ratio of the concentrated sulphuric acid to the hydrogen peroxide is preferably ( 1 to 5) : 1 , more preferably 3: 1 ;
  • the present invention coats the substrate with a polymer solution, and the polymer is self-assembled to obtain a substrate covered with a polymer, the polymer is spherical, and the polymer is arranged in an array on the substrate. cloth.
  • the coating method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be selected according to the type of solution of the polymer pellet; the diameter of the polymer pellet should be based on the thickness of the body of the desired low dielectric material and the pore size of the design. To ensure that the polymer pellets can penetrate the entire sheet of material, the diameter must be at least greater than the thickness of the material.
  • the polymer selected should be one that is readily soluble in organic solutions and that is stable in temperatures above 500 °C;
  • the polymer solution is preferably a polystyrene nanosphere solution or a polystyrene-poly(decyl acrylate) diblock copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as: PS-b-PMMA) in a solution of benzene;
  • PS-b-PMMA polystyrene-poly(decyl acrylate) diblock copolymer
  • the diameter of the polystyrene nanosphere is preferably from 100 nm to 500 nm, more preferably from 120 nm to 480 nm, most preferably 150 nm to 450 nm;
  • the solid content of the polystyrene nanosphere solution is preferably 1% to 10%, more preferably 3% to 8%;
  • the present invention can adjust the solid content of the solution, that is, adjust the polystyrene The number of balls, so that the arrangement of the small balls on the substrate can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the density of the array holes, expanding the size of the support skeleton of the material main film, and improving the mechanical strength of the film;
  • the coating is preferably by dripping;
  • the coating is preferably in the form of a spin
  • the polymer is self-assembled on the substrate to obtain a substrate covered with a polymer.
  • the polymer can be organized or aggregated into a stable structure with a regular geometric arrangement by its own interaction.
  • the solvent coated in the solution on the substrate is removed before the self-assembly, and the present invention adopts different methods for removing the solvent and self-assembly according to the type of the polymer solution, in the present invention,
  • the solvent removal and self-assembly process is as follows:
  • the present invention preferably coats the coating
  • the base of the styrene nanosphere is placed in the atmosphere to volatilize the solvent.
  • the non-covalent bond between the polystyrene nanospheres causes the polystyrene nanosphere to spontaneously organize or Aggregate into a stable structure with a regular geometric arrangement.
  • the resting time is preferably
  • the present invention preferably heats the obtained substrate of the benzene solution coated with PS-b-PMMA to volatilize the solvent therein; Then, it is immersed in acetic acid, and the PS ball is self-assembled in an environment provided by acetic acid to obtain a structure having a regular geometric arrangement; in the present invention, the temperature for heating the substrate is preferably 180 ° C; The heating time is preferably 24 hours; the temperature of the acetic acid is preferably 80 ° C; the time of immersing in acetic acid is preferably 20 minutes; after completion of the self-assembly process in acetic acid, the present invention preferably is obtained by coating The substrate of the PS ball was washed with deionized water and dried with nitrogen;
  • the present invention coats the polymer-coated substrate with a silicate sol to obtain a silicate gel-coated substrate, the silicate gel having a thickness less than that of the polymerization.
  • the diameter of the object In the present invention, the method for preparing the silicate sol according to the above technical solution may be obtained, and will not be described herein.
  • the method of coating a silicate sol is preferably spin coating; after coating the silicate sol onto a substrate covered with a polymer, it first forms a wet gel on the polymer layer, Preferably, the wet gel is subjected to aging, drying and heat treatment to obtain a substrate covered with a silicate dry gel; in the present invention, the method for preparing the wet gel into a dry gel preferably comprises the following steps:
  • the wet gel is aged in an ethanol atmosphere, and the aged colloid is dried at a temperature of 60 ° C, and finally the dried sample is heated to 200 ° C -500 at a rate of rC / min. °C, hold for 2 hours, and cool at 2 °C/min until normal temperature.
  • the present invention removes the polymer and substrate in the silicate xerogel-coated substrate to obtain a low dielectric material having array pores.
  • the silicate gel-covered substrate is preferably immersed in an organic solvent to dissolve and remove the polymer beads.
  • the organic solvent is not particularly limited in the present invention, and is well known to those skilled in the art to dissolve the polymer. The organic solvent is ready; then all the solvent is removed by drying at 60 ° C to finally detach the silicate gel from the substrate to obtain a low dielectric material having array pores.
  • FIG. 1 is a method for preparing an array hole low dielectric material according to the present invention.
  • Schematic diagram of the process. 2 is a schematic structural view corresponding to the above method. As shown, the preparation method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
  • S2 coating a solution containing polymer beads on the substrate, performing solvent evaporation and self-assembly treatment on the coated solution, and regularly arranging the polymer beads on the substrate;
  • S3 preparing a silicate sol by a two-step method of acid hydrolysis and basic polycondensation, and spin coating the silicate solution on the surface of the substrate to form a wet gel having a thickness smaller than a diameter of the polymer pellet;
  • Step S5 removing the polymer beads in the xerogel to obtain a low dielectric material having array pores.
  • Step S1 is specifically ultrasonic cleaning twice with acetone, ethanol and deionized water, each time
  • the diameter of the polymer pellets selected in step S2 should be determined by the thickness of the body of the desired low dielectric material and the pore size of the design. To ensure that the polymer pellets can penetrate the entire sheet, the diameter is at least greater than the thickness of the material.
  • the selected polymer beads should be one that is readily soluble in organic solutions and stable in temperatures above 500 °C.
  • the polymer bead solution is preferably a polystyrene nanosphere solution or a polystyrene-poly(decyl) acrylate diblock copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as PS-b-PMMA).
  • the polymer globule solution is a polystyrene nanosphere solution
  • the polystyrene nanosphere has a diameter of 100 nm to 500 nm, and the solution has a solid content of 1% to 10%
  • the number of the polystyrene nanospheres is adjusted, and the arrangement of the small balls after the covering can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the density of the array pores, expanding the size of the supporting skeleton of the material main film, and improving the mechanical strength of the film.
  • the coating of the solution was carried out by means of dispensing. Before the dispensing, it is preferred to subject the substrate to a hydrophilic treatment so that the polystyrene nanosphere solution adheres well to the surface of the substrate during the dispensing.
  • the hydrophilic treatment washed the substrate with a mixture of 98% H 2 S0 4 and a concentration of 30% 3 ⁇ 40 2 in a ratio of 3:1.
  • the assembly is arranged in a dot array.
  • the self-assembly here refers to the spontaneous organization or aggregation of the polystyrene nanospheres by the interaction of non-covalent bonds between the polystyrene nanospheres based on the polystyrene nanospheres. A stable structure with a regular geometric arrangement.
  • the solvent volatilization and self-assembly treatment is specifically: placing the substrate after the coating of the polystyrene nanosphere solution in the atmosphere for 24 hours, volatilizing the solvent and completing self-assembly of the polystyrene nanosphere.
  • the coating of the solution is carried out by spin coating. After the coating is completed, it is also necessary to volatilize the solvent in the PS-b-PMMA hydrazine solution to self-assemble the PS sphere.
  • the substrate coated with the PS-b-PMMA benzene solution is heated at 180 ° C for 24 hours, and then immersed in 80 ° C acetic acid for 20 minutes to complete the self-assembly process, and finally washed with deionized water and nitrogen. dry.
  • the specific steps of preparing the silicate sol in step S3 are: acidic hydrolysis: mixing tetraethyl orthosilicate (hereinafter referred to as TEOS), ethanol, water and hydrochloric acid, and stirring to form a standard solution, wherein the ratio of hydrochloric acid and the stirring time Depending on the rate and extent of hydrolysis of TEOS, for example, when the molar ratio of TEOS, ethanol and water is 1:3:1, the molar ratio of hydrochloric acid is about 1.4 X 10-3.
  • the stirring time needs to be more than 1 hour to fully hydrolyze TEOS.
  • Alkaline polycondensation Ammonia water and ethanol are added to the prepared standard solution while stirring, and the hydrolyzed TEOS starts to polycondense to form a polymerization product, i.e., a silicate sol.
  • the stirring time depends on the viscosity of the silicate sol, and it is usually necessary to stir for about 2 hours to obtain a silicate sol having a viscosity coefficient of 8 to 14 cP.
  • the silicate sol at this viscosity is coated on the substrate by spin coating to form a wet gel, and the thickness of the wet gel is required to be lower than the diameter of the polymer pellet, so that the polymer pellet can The penetration of the above wet gel is achieved, see Figure 3.
  • the wet gel is prepared into a dry gel.
  • the specific process is that the wet gel is aged in an ethanol atmosphere, and the aged colloid is dried at a temperature of 60 ° C, and finally dried.
  • the treated sample was heated to a temperature of 200 ° C to 500 ° C at a rate of rC/min, held for 2 hours, and cooled at a rate of 2 ° C/min until normal temperature.
  • the obtained xerogel is immersed in an organic solvent to dissolve and remove the polymer beads, and then dried at 60 ° C to remove all the solvent, and finally detached from the substrate to obtain a low dielectric having an array of pores. material.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Step 2 Select an aqueous solution of 500 nm ordinary polystyrene nanospheres with a solid content of 3%, drop on the surface of the Si substrate, and the solvent will naturally evaporate in the air for more than 24 hours, and then self-assemble to obtain a regular distribution. Nanospheres.
  • Step 3 First use ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), ethanol, water and hydrochloric acid (molar ratio l:3:l:1.4 x
  • Step 4 The sample is immersed in a solvent of benzene, ultrasonically cleaned, and dried at 60 ° C after extraction to obtain a dry array of low dielectric materials.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Step 2 Select an aqueous solution of 500 nm ordinary polystyrene nanospheres with a solid content of 1%, drop on the surface of the Si substrate, and the solvent will naturally evaporate in the air for more than 24 hours, and then self-assemble to obtain a regular distribution. Nanospheres.
  • Step 3 First mix with ethyl silicate (TEOS), ethanol, water and hydrochloric acid (molar ratio 1:3:1:1.4 X 10-3) to prepare a standard solution, stir at room temperature for 90 minutes; then take 10 ml The standard solution was added with 2 ml of 0.05 mol/L aqueous ammonia solution and 14 ml of ethanol, and stirred for 110 minutes.
  • TEOS ethyl silicate
  • ethanol ethanol
  • hydrochloric acid molar ratio 1:3:1:1.4 X 10-3
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • Step 1 Ultrasonic cleaning of the Si substrate with acetone, ethanol and deionized water for 10 minutes.
  • Step 2 Spin-coat a PS-b-PMMA (poly(styrene-co-methyl-methacrylate)) solution on the surface of the Si substrate, heat it at 180 °C for 24 hours, and then immerse it in acetic acid at 80 °C for 20 minutes. The self-assembly process is completed, finally washed with deionized water, and dried with nitrogen to obtain regularly distributed nanospheres.
  • PS-b-PMMA poly(styrene-co-methyl-methacrylate)
  • Step 3 First mix with ethyl silicate (TEOS), ethanol, water and hydrochloric acid (molar ratio 1:3:1:1.4 X 10-3) to prepare a standard solution, stir at room temperature for 90 minutes; then take 10 ml The standard solution was added with 2 ml of 0.05 M/L aqueous ammonia solution and 14 ml of ethanol, and stirred for 110 minutes.
  • TEOS ethyl silicate
  • ethanol ethanol
  • hydrochloric acid molar ratio 1:3:1:1.4 X 10-3
  • Step 4 The sample is immersed in a solvent of benzene, ultrasonically cleaned, and dried at 60 ° C after extraction to obtain a dry array of low dielectric materials.
  • the array holes are low dielectric materials for porosity and dielectric properties testing.
  • the sample has been tested to have a porosity of more than 60% and a relative dielectric constant of 2.
  • FIG 3 there is a side schematic comparison of the samples prepared in Example 1 and Example 2, reflecting the effect of the density of the solution on the distribution density of the pellets.
  • the distribution density of the polymer beads significantly affects the porosity of the film, thereby changing the relative dielectric constant of the material.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing an array of low dielectric materials.
  • the micro-nanospheres By introducing micro-nanospheres into the body of a low-dielectric material, the micro-nanospheres have a certain row after self-assembly. The cloth is ruled, and then the ball is removed to obtain a regularly arranged array of holes in the body of the material.
  • the single-layer ball template prepared by the self-assembly method has uniform and controllable size and distribution, and the film has high molding strength and uniform performance, and overcomes the poor mechanical strength of the general porous material. , It is easy to partially collapse, and the performance of each region is very different.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description

一种阵列孔低介电材料的制备方法 本申请要求于 2012 年 07 月 10 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210237364.2、 发明名称为 "一种阵列孔低介电材料的制备方法" 的中国专 利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于薄膜材料制备加工技术领域 ,尤其是一种阵列低介电材料及其 制备方法。
背景技术
随着集成电路集成度增加, 器件尺寸微纳化, 电子元器件的密度提高使线 间电容、 层间电容和金属连线电阻变大, 从而导致信号延时、 噪声、 功率损耗 等问题愈发突出。 为解决这些问题,使用低介电材料做介质绝缘层是集成电路 发展的必然趋势。 目前研究较多的有无机低 k材料(无定形碳氮薄膜、 多晶硼 氮薄膜、 氟硅玻璃等), 有机低 k材料(聚酰亚胺、 聚乙烯-芳基化合物、 聚苯 醚、 聚丙烯等)和有机 -无机杂化低 k材料(混合有机硅氧烷聚合体)。 由于空 气的介电常数接近于真空, 一般情况下认为其相对介电常数为 1。 因此, 材料 内部填充一定的空气, 即材料多孔化, 是降低材料介电常数的一种有效方法。 如 k值较低的绝缘体材料 Si02中注入孔穴, 形成气溶胶(孔隙率可达 98%, 介电常数低达 1.05 )或干凝胶(孔隙率一般在 50-90%, 介电常数一般在 1.3 到 2.5之间)。
虽然多孔材料可以降低材料的介电常数,但是多孔的特性也影响了薄膜的 机械强度, 对铜导线的布线工艺要求更加复杂。 另外, 现有工艺中, 制备的多 的介电常数不一致等。
因此有必要提出一种能够改善材料孔洞的分布情况的阵列孔低介电材料 制备工艺, 以解决现有工艺中的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明提供一种孔洞分布有规律, 孔径大小可调节的阵列孔低 介电材料制备方法, 从而改善材料的机械强度以及表面分布特性。 本发明提供了一种阵列孔低介电材料, 包括硅酸盐凝胶;
贯穿所述硅酸盐凝胶的多个孔, 所述多个孔呈阵列排布。
优选的, 所述孔的直径为 100 nm〜500 nm。
本发明提供了一种阵列孔低介电材料的制备方法, 包括以下步骤: 提供基底
在所述基底上涂覆聚合物溶液,所述聚合物进行自组装后得到覆盖有聚合 物的基底, 所述聚合物为球形, 所述自组装后的聚合物在基底上呈阵列规则排 布;
在所述覆盖有聚合物的基底上涂覆硅酸盐溶胶,得到覆盖有硅酸盐凝胶的 基底, 所述硅酸盐溶胶的厚度小于所述聚合物的直径;
将所述覆盖有硅酸盐凝胶的基底中的聚合物和基底去除 ,得到具有阵列孔 的低介电材料。
优选的, 包括以下步骤:
清洗基底;
在所述基底上涂覆聚合物溶液,对所述涂覆在基底上的溶液进行溶剂挥发 和聚合物的自组装, 得到覆盖有聚合物小球的基底, 所述聚合物为球形, 所述 自组装后的聚合物在基底上呈阵列规则排布;
将所述覆盖有聚合物的基底上涂覆硅酸盐溶胶,得到覆盖有硅酸盐湿凝胶 的基底, 所述硅酸盐溶胶的厚度小于聚合物的直径;
将所述覆盖在基底上的湿凝胶进行老化、干燥和热处理,得到覆盖有硅酸 盐干凝胶的基底;
将所述覆盖有硅酸盐干凝胶的基底中的聚合物和基底去除,得到具有阵列 孔的低介电材料。
优选的, 包括步骤:
清洗基底;
在所述基底上涂覆含有聚合物 '〗、球的溶液,对该涂覆的溶液进行溶剂挥发 和自组装处理, 使该聚合物小球规则排布在基底上;
以酸性水解和碱性缩聚两步法制备硅酸盐溶胶,将该硅酸盐溶液旋涂在基 底表面形成湿凝胶, 该湿凝胶的厚度小于聚合物小球的直径; 对该湿凝胶进行老化、 干燥和热处理得到干凝胶;
去除所述干凝胶中的聚合物小球, 得到具有阵列孔的低介电材料。
优选的: 所述清洗基底的步骤具体为采用丙酮、 乙醇和去离子水依次分别 超声清洗 2次, 每次 10分钟。
优选的: 所述含聚合物小球的溶液为聚苯乙烯纳球溶液, 该聚苯乙烯纳球 的直径为 100nm-500nm, 该溶液的固含量为 1%-10%, 该溶液的涂覆采用滴涂 的方式进行。
优选的:在涂覆所述聚苯乙烯纳球溶液之前,还包括对基底进行亲水处理, 该亲水处理采用浓度为 98%的 H2S04和浓度为 30%的 ¾02按 3: 1的比例混 合而成的混合液对基底进行清洗。
优选的:所述溶剂挥发和自组装处理具体为将所述涂覆完聚苯乙烯纳球溶 液之后的基底放置在大气中静置 24小时, 使溶剂挥发并使聚苯乙烯纳球完成 自组装。
优选的: 所述含聚合物小球的溶液为 PS-b-PMMA的曱苯溶液, 该溶液的 涂覆采用旋涂的方式进行。
优选的: 所述溶剂挥发和自组装处理具体为将涂覆完 PS-b-PMMA曱苯溶 液的基底在 180 °C环境下加热 24小时,再浸入 80 °C乙酸中 20分钟, 完成自组 装过程, 最后用去离子水清洗, 并用氮气干燥。
优选的: 所述硅酸盐溶胶的酸性水解是指将正硅酸乙酯、 乙醇、 水和盐酸 混合后进行搅拌, 以形成标准溶液, 其中盐酸的比例和搅拌时间视正硅酸乙酯 的水解速度和程度而定。
优选的:所述的硅酸盐溶胶的碱性缩聚是指在所述标准溶液中加入氨水和 乙醇, 使水解后的正硅酸乙酯开始缩聚, 形成聚合产物即硅酸盐溶胶。
优选的: 所述得到干凝胶的具体步骤为: 先将湿凝胶在乙醇气氛中进行老 化处理、 再将老化后的胶体在 60 °C的温度下进行干燥处理、 最后将干燥处理 后的样品以 rC/min的速度升温至 200°C-500°C , 保持 2小时, 并以 2°C/min 的速度冷却。
优选的: 所述去除所述干凝胶中的聚合物小球具体为: 先将干凝胶浸入到 有机溶剂中溶解除去聚合物小球, 然后在 60°C下烘干清除所有的溶剂, 最终 得到具有阵列孔的低介电材料。
本发明提供了一种阵列孔的低介电材料,包括硅酸盐凝胶和贯穿所述硅酸 盐凝胶中的多个孔, 所述多个孔呈阵列排布。本发明首先将聚合物溶液涂覆在 基底上, 所述聚合物为球形, 所述聚合物在基底上进行自组装, 在自组装的过 程中, 聚合物小球在自身非共价键的相互作用下, 自发组装得到一个稳定的、 具有阵列结构的排布, 所述自组装后的聚合物在基底上呈阵列规则排布; 然后 在得到的涂覆有聚合物的基底上涂覆硅酸盐溶胶,使硅酸盐凝胶的涂覆厚度小 于聚合物的直径;再将聚合物和基底去除后,即得到具有阵列孔的低介电材料。 与现有技术相比, 本发明所述的阵列孔低介电材料的优点是: 目前尚无单层的 球孔模板可用于纳米多孔薄膜的制备, 当薄膜的厚度小于小球的直径时, 薄膜 的空洞从下至上贯穿,有助于提高散热效果; 薄膜的支撑骨架的尺寸可以通过 降低小球的分布密度调控,有助于提高薄膜的机械强度; 网状结构呈周期性延 伸, 可保证薄膜各部位的性能差异较小。 本发明所提供的, 利用自组装法制备 的单层小球模板, 尺寸和分布均匀且可控, 薄膜的成型强度较高, 性能均一, 克服了一般多孔材料机械强度差, 容易局部塌陷, 各区域性能迥异的缺点。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施 例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地, 下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付 出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 3是本发明实施例一和实施例二制备的样品的侧面示意比较图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种阵列孔低介电材料, 包括硅酸盐凝胶;
贯穿所述硅酸盐凝胶的多个孔, 所述多个孔呈阵列排布。
本发明提供的介电材料中包括贯穿硅酸盐凝胶的多个孔,所述多个孔呈阵 列排布, 本发明提供的介电材料中孔的排布更加规律, 呈阵列状; 使得到的介 电材料具有较低的介电系数, 而且使材料的表面性能具有很好的一致性; 而且 孔的密度和材料主体的厚度具有良好的可调节性,使得到的介电材料具有较高 的机械强度。
本发明提供的具有阵列孔的低介电材料包括硅酸盐凝胶,在本发明中, 所 述硅酸盐凝胶的粘度系数优选为 8 cP〜14 cP, 更优选为 10 cP〜12 cP; 所述硅酸 盐凝胶为硅酸盐溶胶涂覆在基底上形成的,将硅酸盐溶胶涂覆与基底上形成硅 酸盐湿凝胶, 将所述湿凝胶依次进行老化、 干燥和热处理, 再将基底去除得到 硅酸盐凝胶。 在本发明中, 所述硅酸盐溶胶优选按照以下方法制备:
将正硅酸乙酯 (以下简称 TEOS )、 乙醇、 水和盐酸混合, 得到正硅酸乙 酯的水解溶液;
将所述正硅酸乙酯的酸性溶液与氨水和乙醇混合, 得到硅酸盐溶胶。
本发明将 TEOS、 乙醇、水和盐酸混合,优选将得到的混合溶液进行搅拌, 得到正硅酸乙酯的水解性溶液, TEOS将在酸性条件下进行水解。在本发明中, 盐酸的比例和搅拌时间视 TEOS的水解速度和程度而定, 比如当 TEOS、 乙醇 和水的摩尔比为 1 : 3: 1 时, 则盐酸的摩尔比例在 1.4 X 10-3左右。 而搅拌时 间则需要大于 1个小时, 使 TEOS充分水解;
完成对 TEOS的水解后, 本发明将得到的水解溶液进行酸性缩聚,将所述 TEOS的水解溶液与氨水和乙醇混合后, 得到硅酸盐溶胶。 本发明优选将氨水 和乙醇加入到所述 TEOS水解溶液中,并优选将得到的混合溶液进行搅拌使水 解后的 TEOS在碱性条件下进行缩聚, 形成聚合产物即硅酸盐溶胶。本发明对 所述搅拌的方法没有特殊的要求,采用本领域技术人员熟知的搅拌的技术方案 即可, 在本发明中, 所述搅拌的时间根据硅酸盐溶胶的粘度而定, 通常需要搅 拌 2小时左右, 得到粘度系数在 8 cP〜14cP的硅酸盐溶胶; 多个孔呈阵列排布。本发明提供的阵列孔低介电材料中的孔分布均一, 降低了 材料的介电系数, 且具有均一的表面性能, 利于其应用。 另外, 本发明提供的 介电材料中孔具有良好的可控性, 可以通过调整聚合物小球的直径、硅酸盐凝 胶的厚度等来调节孔的直径和孔密度, 在本发明中, 所述孔的直径优选为 100 nm〜500 nm, 更优选为 120 nm〜480 nm, 最优选为 150 nm〜450 nm。
现有的制备多孔低介电材料的工艺中,没有办法实现规则的阵列孔排布和 对孔密度的调节,导致现有的多孔低介电材料的机械强度以及表面特性在使用 中存在诸多不足。
本发明针对现有技术中的不足,提出了一种可以实现具有规则排布的阵列 孔的低介电材料制备方法,通过在低介电材料主体中引入微纳小球,使这些微 纳小球经过自组装过程后具有一定的排布规则, 然后去除小球,从而在材料主 体得到规则排布的阵列孔。通过该方法制得的阵列孔低介电材料, 不仅材料表 面的性能具有很好的一致性,而且由于可以控制微纳小球的排列密度以及材料 主体的厚度, 所以能够很好的解决材料机械强度的问题,从而实现高质量低介 电材料的制作。
本发明提供了一种阵列孔低介电材料的制备方法, 包括以下步骤: 提供基底;
在所述基底上涂覆聚合物溶液,所述聚合物进行自组装后得到覆盖有聚合 物的基底, 所述聚合物为球形, 所述自组装后的聚合物在基底上呈阵列规则排 布;
在所述覆盖有聚合物的基底上涂覆硅酸盐溶胶,得到覆盖有硅酸盐凝胶的 基底, 所述硅酸盐溶胶的厚度小于所述聚合物的直径;
将所述覆盖有硅酸盐凝胶的基底中的聚合物和基底去除 ,得到具有阵列孔 的低介电材料。
本发明提供的制备方法首先提供基底, 本发明对所述基底的种类、尺寸等 没有特殊的限制, 采用本领域技术人员熟知的基底材料即可, 如可以采用 Si 基底; 本发明优选将基底进行清洗, 以保证基底表面的洁净程度, 利于聚合物 小球溶液的涂覆; 在本发明中, 所述清洗剂优选为水和有机溶剂的混合液, 所 述有机溶剂优选为酮类化合物和醇类化合物中的一种或多种,更优选为丙酮和 乙醇; 所述清洗优选为超声清洗; 所述清洗的次数优选为 2〜5次, 更优选为 3 次; 所述每次清洗的时间优选为 5 min〜15 min, 更优选为 lO min;
本发明为了使与基底粘度低的涂覆溶液能够更好的粘附在基底上,优选对 清洗后的基底表面进行亲水处理,本发明对所述亲水处理的方法没有特殊的限 制, 采用本领域技术人员熟知的亲水处理即可; 在本发明优选采用浓硫酸和双 氧水的混合溶液对所述基底进行处理, 实现对所述基底的亲水处理; 在本发明 中, 所述浓硫酸的质量浓度优选为 98% ; 所述双氧水的质量浓度优选为 25%〜35%,更优选为 30%,所述浓石克酸与所述双氧水的体积比优选为( 1〜5 ) : 1 , 更优选为 3: 1 ;
得到基底后, 本发明在所述基底上涂覆聚合物溶液, 所述聚合物进行自组 装后得到覆盖有聚合物的基底, 所述聚合物为球形, 所述聚合物在基底上呈阵 列排布。本发明对所述涂覆的方法没有特殊的限制, 可以按照聚合物小球的溶 液种类进行选择;所述聚合物小球的直径应当视所需低介电材料的主体厚度以 及设计的孔径大小而定, 为了保证聚合物小球能够贯穿整片材料, 其直径最少 要大于材料厚度。 除此之外, 选用的聚合物应当是一种易溶于有机溶液, 并且 在温度高于 500°C的环境下, 能够稳定的存在;
在本发明中, 所述聚合物溶液优选为聚苯乙烯纳球溶液或者聚苯乙烯-聚 曱基丙烯酸曱酯两嵌段共聚物 (以下简称: PS-b-PMMA ) 的曱苯溶液;
在本发明中, 当所述聚合小球溶液为聚苯乙烯纳球溶液时, 所述聚苯乙烯 纳球的直径优选为 100 nm〜500 nm, 更优选为 120 nm〜480 nm, 最优选为 150 nm〜450 nm; 所述聚苯乙烯纳球溶液的固含量优选为 1%〜10% , 更优选为 3%〜8%; 本发明可以通过调节溶液的固含量, 即调节聚苯乙烯纳球的数量, 从而可以实现调节小球在基底上的排布密布,从而达到调节阵列孔密度,使材 料主体薄膜的支撑骨架的尺寸扩大, 提高薄膜的机械强度的目的;
当所述聚合物小球溶液为聚苯乙烯纳球溶液时,所述涂覆的方式优选为滴 涂;
当所述包含聚合物小球的溶液为 PS-b-PMMA的曱苯溶液时,所述涂覆的 方式优选为旋:余;
完成在基底上聚合物溶液的涂覆, 所述聚合物在基底上进行自组装,得到 覆盖有聚合物的基底。在自组装的过程中,所述聚合物能够靠自身的相互作用, 组织或聚集为一个稳定的、具有一定规则几何排列的结构。本发明优选在进行 所述自组装前,去除涂覆在基底上溶液中的溶剂, 本发明根据聚合物溶液的种 类不同, 采用不同的去除溶剂和自组装的方法, 在本发明中, 所述去除溶剂和 自组装过程具体如下:
当所述聚合物小球溶液为苯乙烯纳球溶液时,本发明优选将所述涂覆有聚 苯乙烯纳球的基底静置于大气中, 使其中的溶剂挥发, 在静置的过程中, 聚苯 乙烯纳球之间非共价键的相互作用,使聚苯乙烯纳球自发地组织或聚集为一个 稳定、 具有一定规则几何排列的结构。 在本发明中, 所述静置的时间优选为
24小时;
当所述聚合物小球溶液为 PS-b-PMMA的曱苯溶液时,本发明优选将得到 的涂覆有 PS-b-PMMA的曱苯溶液的基底进行加热, 使其中的溶剂挥发掉; 然 后再将其浸入乙酸中, 在乙酸提供的环境中 PS球进行自组装, 得到具有一定 规则几何排列的结构;在本发明中,所述对基底进行加热的温度优选为 180°C ; 所述加热的时间优选为 24小时; 所述乙酸的温度优选为 80 °C ; 所述浸入乙酸 中的时间优选为 20分钟; 完成在乙酸中的自组装过程后, 本发明优选将得到 的涂覆有 PS球的基底用去离子水清洗, 并用氮气进行干燥;
得到覆盖有聚合物的基底后,本发明在所述覆盖有聚合物的基底上涂覆硅 酸盐溶胶,得到覆盖有硅酸盐凝胶的基底, 所述硅酸盐凝胶的厚度小于聚合物 的直径。在本发明中, 所述硅酸盐溶胶的获得按照上述技术方案提供的硅酸盐 溶胶的制备方法即可, 在此不再贅述。
在本发明中, 所述涂覆硅酸盐溶胶的方法优选为旋涂; 将硅酸盐溶胶涂覆 到覆盖有聚合物的基底上后, 其在聚合物层上首先形成湿凝胶, 本发明优选将 所述湿凝胶进行老化、 干燥和热处理, 得到覆盖有硅酸盐干凝胶的基底; 在本 发明中, 将所述湿凝胶制备成干凝胶的方法优选包括以下步骤:
先将湿凝胶在乙醇气氛中进行老化处理、 再将老化后的胶体在 60°C的温 度下进行干燥处理、 最后将干燥处理后的样品以 rC/min的速度升温至 200°C -500 °C , 保持 2小时, 并以 2°C/min的速度进行冷却, 直至常温。
得到覆盖有硅酸盐干凝胶的基底后,本发明去除所述覆盖有硅酸盐干凝胶 的基底中的聚合物和基底,得到具有阵列孔的低介电材料。本发明优选将所述 覆盖有硅酸盐凝胶的基底浸入到有机溶剂中以溶解除去聚合物小球,本发明对 所述有机溶剂没有特殊的限制,采用本领域技术人员熟知能够溶解聚合物的有 机溶剂即可; 然后在 60 °C下烘干清除所有的溶剂, 使硅酸盐凝胶最终与基底 脱离后得到具有阵列孔的低介电材料。
请一并参见图 1和图 2, 图 1是本发明的阵列孔低介电材料的制备方法的 流程示意图。 图 2是上述方法对应的结构示意图。 如图所示, 本发明的制备方 法包括步骤:
S1 : 清洗基底;
S2: 在所述基底上涂覆含有聚合物小球的溶液,对该涂覆的溶液进行溶剂 挥发和自组装处理, 使该聚合物小球规则排布在基底上;
S3: 以酸性水解和碱性缩聚两步法制备硅酸盐溶胶,将该硅酸盐溶液旋涂 在基底表面形成湿凝胶, 该湿凝胶的厚度小于聚合物小球的直径;
S4: 对该湿凝胶进行老化、 干燥和热处理得到干凝胶;
S5: 去除所述干凝胶中的聚合物小球, 得到具有阵列孔的低介电材料。 步骤 S1具体为采用丙酮、 乙醇和去离子水依次分别超声清洗 2次, 每次
10 分钟, 以保证衬底表面的洁净程度, 同时清洗时采用的清洗液也可以将衬 底表面润湿, 为后续的涂覆工作做好准备。对于一些与基底粘结度比较低的涂 覆溶液,还需要在基底表面做亲水处理,以增加后续过程中涂覆溶液的附着性。
步骤 S2中选用的聚合物小球的直径应当视所需低介电材料的主体厚度以 及设计的孔径大小而定, 为了保证聚合物小球能够贯穿整片材料, 其直径最少 要大于材料厚度。 除此之外, 选用的聚合物小球应当是一种易溶于有机溶液, 并且在温度高于 500°C的环境下, 能够稳定的存在。
在本发明中, 该聚合物小球溶液优选为聚苯乙烯纳球溶液或者聚苯乙烯- 聚曱基丙烯酸曱酯两嵌段共聚物 (以下简称: PS-b-PMMA)的曱苯溶液。
特别地, 当聚合物小球溶液为聚苯乙烯纳球溶液时, 该聚苯乙烯纳球的直 径为 100nm-500nm, 该溶液的固含量为 1%-10%, 通过调节溶液的固含量, 即 调节聚苯乙烯纳球的数量, 可以实现调节小球在覆盖之后的排布密布,从而达 到调节阵列孔密度,使材料主体薄膜的支撑骨架的尺寸扩大,提高薄膜的机械 强度的目的。
该溶液的涂覆采用滴涂的方式进行。 滴涂前, 最好对基底进行亲水处理, 使得滴涂时聚苯乙烯纳球溶液能够较好地附着在基底表面。该亲水处理采用浓 度为 98%的 H2S04和浓度为 30%的 ¾02按 3: 1的比例混合而成的混合液对 基底进行清洗。
涂覆完成后,将聚苯乙烯纳球溶液中的溶剂挥发掉, 并使聚苯乙烯纳球自 组装排列成点阵列, 这里的自组装是指以聚苯乙烯纳球为基 单元,借助聚苯 乙烯纳球之间非共价键的相互作用,使聚苯乙烯纳球自发的组织或聚集为一个 稳定、具有一定规则几何排列的结构。 所述溶剂挥发和自组装处理具体为将所 述涂覆完聚苯乙烯纳球溶液之后的基底放置在大气中静置 24小时, 使溶剂挥 发并使聚苯乙烯纳球完成自组装。
而当所述含聚合物小球的溶液为 PS-b-PMMA的曱苯溶液时,该溶液的涂 覆采用旋涂的方式进行。 涂覆完成后, 同样需要将 PS-b-PMMA曱苯溶液中的 溶剂挥发, 以使 PS球进行自组装。 具体为将涂覆完 PS-b-PMMA曱苯溶液的 基底在 180 °C环境下加热 24小时,再浸入 80°C乙酸中 20分钟, 完成自组装过 程, 最后用去离子水清洗, 并用氮气干燥。
步骤 S3中制备硅酸盐溶胶的具体步骤为: 酸性水解: 将正硅酸乙酯(以 下简称 TEOS )、 乙醇、 水和盐酸混合后进行搅拌, 以形成标准溶液, 其中盐 酸的比例和搅拌时间视 TEOS的水解速度和程度而定, 比如当 TEOS、 乙醇和 水的摩尔比为 1 : 3: 1时, 则盐酸的摩尔比例在 1.4 X 10-3左右。 而搅拌时间 则需要大于 1个小时, 使 TEOS充分水解。 碱性缩聚: 在所述制得的标准溶液 中加入氨水和乙醇, 同时搅拌, 使水解后的 TEOS开始缩聚, 形成聚合产物即 硅酸盐溶胶。 搅拌时间视硅酸盐溶胶的粘度而定, 通常需要搅拌 2小时左右, 得到粘度系数在 8-14cP硅酸盐溶胶。
将此粘度下的硅酸盐溶胶以旋涂的方式覆盖在基底上, 形成湿凝胶,要求 该湿凝胶的厚度低于上述聚合物小球的直径, 这样一来, 聚合物小球可以实现 对上述湿凝胶的贯穿, 参见图 3。
步骤 S4中将上述湿凝胶制备成干凝胶, 具体过程为先将湿凝胶在乙醇气 氛中进行老化处理、 再将老化后的胶体在 60 °C的温度下进行干燥处理、 最后 将干燥处理后的样品以 rC/min的速度升温至 200°C -500°C , 保持 2小时, 并 以 2°C/min的速度进行冷却, 直至常温。
最后步骤 S5中, 将得到的干凝胶浸入到有机溶剂中以溶解除去聚合物小 球, 然后在 60 °C下烘干清除所有的溶剂, 最终与基底脱离后得到具有阵列孔 的低介电材料。
下面将通过具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、 完整地描述。显 然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于 本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得 的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一:
步骤一: 分别用丙酮、 乙醇和去离子水对 Si基底超声清洗 10分钟, 再 用浓 H2S04 ( 98% ): H202=3: 1的混合溶液进行亲水性处理。
步骤二: 选取固含量为 3%的 500nm普通聚苯乙烯纳球的水溶液, 在 Si 基底表面滴涂, 溶剂在空气中自然挥发, 并放置 24小时以上, 待其进行自组 装, 得到规则分布的纳米小球。
步骤三: 先用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS )、 乙醇、 水和盐酸(摩尔比 l:3:l:1.4 x
10-3 )混合配制成标准溶液, 在室温下搅拌 90分钟; 再取十毫升的标准溶液, 加入 2ml的 0.05mol/L的氨水溶液和 14毫升的乙醇, 搅拌 110分钟, 待其粘 度系数在 8-14cP时, 在乙醇大的饱和蒸汽中进行旋涂, 速度 2000转 /分钟, 时 间 18秒; 然后仍早该气氛和室温下进行老化和 60 °C下干燥; 最后在 300°C下 进行热处理得到 400nm厚的干凝胶。
步骤四: 把样品浸入曱苯溶剂中, 超声清洗, 取出后在 60°C下干燥足够, 得到干燥的阵列孔低介电材料。
实施例二:
步骤一: 分别用丙酮、 乙醇和去离子水对 Si基底超声清洗 10分钟, 再 用浓 H2S04 ( 98% ): H202=3: 1的混合溶液进行亲水性处理。
步骤二: 选取固含量为 1%的 500nm普通聚苯乙烯纳球的水溶液, 在 Si 基底表面滴涂, 溶剂在空气中自然挥发, 并放置 24小时以上, 待其进行自组 装, 得到规则分布的纳米小球。
步骤三:先用硅酸乙酯(TEOS )、 乙醇、水和盐酸(摩尔比 1 :3:1:1.4 X 10-3 ) 混合配制成标准溶液, 在室温下搅拌 90分钟; 再取十毫升的标准溶液, 加入 2ml的 0.05mol/L的氨水溶液和 14毫升的乙醇,搅拌 110分钟,待其粘度系数 在 8-14cP时, 在乙醇氛围中进行旋涂, 速度 2000转 /分钟, 时间 18秒; 然后 仍早该气氛和室温下进行老化和 60°C下干燥;最后在 300 °C下进行热处理得到 400nm厚的干凝胶。 步骤四: 把样品浸入曱苯溶剂中, 超声清洗, 取出后在 60°C下干燥足够, 得到干燥的阵列孔低介电材料。
实施例三:
步骤一: 分别用丙酮、 乙醇和去离子水对 Si基底超声清洗 10分钟。 步骤二: 将 PS-b-PMMA ( poly(styrene-co-methyl-methacrylate) ) 的曱苯 溶液旋涂在 Si基底表面后, 180 °C加热 24小时, 再浸入 80 °C乙酸中 20分钟, 完成自组装过程, 最后用去离子水清洗, 并用氮气干燥, 得到规则分布的纳米 小球。
步骤三:先用硅酸乙酯(TEOS )、 乙醇、水和盐酸(摩尔比 1:3:1:1.4 X 10-3 ) 混合配制成标准溶液, 在室温下搅拌 90分钟; 再取十毫升的标准溶液, 加入 2ml的 0.05M/L的氨水溶液和 14毫升的乙醇, 搅拌 110分钟, 待其粘度系数 在 8-14cP时, 在乙醇氛围中进行旋涂, 速度 2000转 /分钟, 时间 18秒; 然后 仍在该气氛和室温下进行老化和 60°C下干燥;最后在 300 °C下进行热处理得到 400nm厚的干凝胶。
步骤四: 把样品浸入曱苯溶剂中, 超声清洗, 取出后在 60°C下干燥足够, 得到干燥的阵列孔低介电材料。
将阵列孔低介电材料, 进行孔隙率和介电性能测试。 经测试, 该样品的孔 隙率超过 60%, 相对介电常数可降至 2。 请继续参见图 3 , 它是实施例一和实 施例二制备的样品的侧面示意比较图,反映溶液的密度对小球的分布密度的影 响。 聚合物小球的分布密度, 明显影响薄膜的孔隙率, 从而改变材料的相对介 电常数。
综上所述, 本发明提出了一种阵列孔低介电材料的制备方法,通过在低介 电材料主体中引入微纳小球,使这些微纳小球经过自组装过程后具有一定的排 布规则, 然后去除小球, 从而在材料主体得到规则排布的阵列孔。 相比较现有 技术, 本发明所提供的, 利用自组装法制备的单层小球模板, 尺寸和分布均匀 且可控, 薄膜的成型强度较高, 性能均一, 克服了一般多孔材料机械强度差, 容易局部塌陷, 各区域性能迥异的缺点。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本 发明。 对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见 的, 本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下, 在 其它实施例中实现。 因此, 本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例, 而 是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。对所公开的实 施例的上述说明, 使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。 对这些实施 例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的 一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下, 在其它实施例中实现。 因此, 本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例, 而是要符合与本文所公 开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种阵列孔低介电材料, 包括硅酸盐凝胶;
贯穿所述硅酸盐凝胶的多个孔, 所述多个孔呈阵列排布。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的阵列孔低介电材料, 其特征在于, 所述孔的直 径为 100 nm〜500 nm。
3、 一种阵列孔低介电材料的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
提供基底;
在所述基底上涂覆聚合物溶液,所述聚合物进行自组装后得到覆盖有聚合 物的基底, 所述聚合物为球形, 所述自组装后的聚合物在基底上呈阵列规则排 布;
在所述覆盖有聚合物的基底上涂覆硅酸盐溶胶,得到覆盖有硅酸盐凝胶的 基底, 所述硅酸盐溶胶的厚度小于所述聚合物的直径;
将所述覆盖有硅酸盐凝胶的基底中的聚合物和基底去除 ,得到具有阵列孔 的低介电材料。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤: 清洗基底;
在所述基底上涂覆聚合物溶液 ,对所述涂覆在基底上的溶液进行溶剂挥发 和聚合物的自组装, 得到覆盖有聚合物的基底, 所述聚合物为球形, 所述自组 装后的聚合物在基底上呈阵列规则排布;
将所述覆盖有聚合物的基底上涂覆硅酸盐溶胶,得到覆盖有硅酸盐湿凝胶 的基底, 所述硅酸盐溶胶的厚度小于聚合物的直径;
将所述覆盖在基底上的湿凝胶进行老化、干燥和热处理,得到覆盖有硅酸 盐干凝胶的基底;
将所述覆盖有硅酸盐干凝胶的基底中的聚合物和基底去除,得到具有阵列 孔的低介电材料。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括步骤:
清洗基底;
在所述基底上涂覆含有聚合物 '〗、球的溶液,对该涂覆的溶液进行溶剂挥发 和自组装处理, 使该聚合物小球规则排布在基底上;
以酸性水解和碱性缩聚两步法制备硅酸盐溶胶,将该硅酸盐溶液旋涂在基 底表面形成湿凝胶, 该湿凝胶的厚度小于聚合物小球的直径;
对该湿凝胶进行老化、 干燥和热处理得到干凝胶;
去除所述干凝胶中的聚合物小球, 得到具有阵列孔的低介电材料。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的阵列孔低介电材料制备方法, 其特征在于: 所 述清洗基底的步骤具体为采用丙酮、 乙醇和去离子水依次分别超声清洗 2次, 每次 10分钟。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的阵列孔低介电材料制备方法, 其特征在于: 所 述含聚合物小球的溶液为聚苯乙烯纳球溶液, 该聚苯乙烯纳球的直径为
100nm-500nm, 该溶液的固含量为 1%-10%, 该溶液的涂覆采用滴涂的方式进 行。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的阵列孔低介电材料制备方法, 其特征在于: 在 涂覆所述聚苯乙烯纳球溶液之前,还包括对基底进行亲水处理, 该亲水处理采 用浓度为 98%的 H2S04和浓度为 30%的 ¾02按 3: 1的比例混合而成的混合 液对基底进行清洗。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的阵列孔低介电材料制备方法, 其特征在于: 所 述溶剂挥发和自组装处理具体为将所述涂覆完聚苯乙烯纳球溶液之后的基底 放置在大气中静置 24小时, 使溶剂挥发并使聚苯乙烯纳球完成自组装。
10、 根据权利要求 5所述的阵列孔低介电材料制备方法, 其特征在于: 所 述含聚合物小球的溶液为 PS-b-PMMA的曱苯溶液,该溶液的涂覆采用旋涂的 方式进行。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的阵列孔低介电材料制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述溶剂挥发和自组装处理具体为将涂覆完 PS-b-PMMA 曱苯溶液的基底在 180°C环境下加热 24小时, 再浸入 80°C乙酸中 20分钟, 完成自组装过程, 最 后用去离子水清洗, 并用氮气干燥。
12、 根据权利要求 5所述的阵列孔低介电材料制备方法, 其特征在于: 所 述硅酸盐溶胶的酸性水解是指将正硅酸乙酯、乙醇、水和盐酸混合后进行搅拌, 以形成标准溶液,其中盐酸的比例和搅拌时间视正硅酸乙酯的水解速度和程度 而定。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的阵列孔低介电材料制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述的硅酸盐溶胶的碱性缩聚是指在所述标准溶液中加入氨水和乙醇,使水解 后的正硅酸乙酯开始缩聚, 形成聚合产物即硅酸盐溶胶。
14、 根据权利要求 5所述的阵列孔低介电材料制备方法, 其特征在于: 所 述得到干凝胶的具体步骤为: 先将湿凝胶在乙醇气氛中进行老化处理、再将老 化后的胶体在 60 °C的温度下进行干燥处理、 最后将干燥处理后的样品以 1 °C /min的速度升温至 200°C-500°C , 保持 2小时, 并以 2°C/min的速度冷却。
15、 根据权利要求 5所述的阵列孔低介电材料制备方法, 其特征在于: 所 述去除所述干凝胶中的聚合物小球具体为:先将干凝胶浸入到有机溶剂中溶解 除去聚合物小球, 然后在 60°C下烘干清除所有的溶剂, 最终得到具有阵列孔 的低介电材料。
PCT/CN2012/086635 2012-07-10 2012-12-14 一种阵列孔低介电材料的制备方法 Ceased WO2014008744A1 (zh)

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