WO2014002411A1 - 車両用空調装置 - Google Patents
車両用空調装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014002411A1 WO2014002411A1 PCT/JP2013/003678 JP2013003678W WO2014002411A1 WO 2014002411 A1 WO2014002411 A1 WO 2014002411A1 JP 2013003678 W JP2013003678 W JP 2013003678W WO 2014002411 A1 WO2014002411 A1 WO 2014002411A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- vehicle
- refrigerant
- compressor
- ventilation
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
- B60H1/039—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant from air leaving the interior of the vehicle, i.e. heat recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/06—Removing frost
- F25D21/08—Removing frost by electric heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
- F25B2700/21172—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the inlet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21174—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the inlet of the evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21175—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner that uses a heat pump including a refrigerant circuit composed of a compressor, a radiator, and a heat exchanger outside and inside the vehicle to air-condition the vehicle interior.
- the COP can be made 1 or more. Under the environment, the temperature difference to be pumped becomes large and the compression ratio of the compressor becomes high, so that there is a problem that the heating capacity and efficiency are lowered.
- a ventilation heat exchanger that collects the heat in the air exhausted from the passenger compartment for ventilation is provided, and in addition to the heat pump from the outside air, the heat in the ventilated air is also recovered to heat the passenger compartment.
- the air conditioner was developed first (refer patent document 1).
- the defrosting of the heat exchanger outside the passenger compartment is difficult to melt by ventilation when the outside air is below freezing. Furthermore, when the defrost heater is used, the battery power is consumed and the cruising distance is further shortened.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional situation, and in the vehicle air conditioner that heats the passenger compartment by heat pump operation of a refrigerant circuit using a compressor, the heating capacity is improved particularly at a low outside temperature.
- the purpose is to plan.
- the vehicle air conditioner according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a compressor, a radiator, a vehicle exterior heat exchanger, a vehicle interior heat exchanger, and ventilation for absorbing heat from the air exhausted from the vehicle interior to the vehicle exterior.
- a refrigerant circuit is configured from the heat exchanger, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor during heating is radiated to the vehicle interior by the radiator, and after the heat is radiated by the radiator, the decompressed refrigerant is supplied to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and / Or evaporates in a ventilation heat exchanger, and during cooling, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor dissipates heat in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, dissipates heat in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, and then the decompressed refrigerant is heated in the vehicle interior heat.
- a hot gas cycle circuit that absorbs heat from the passenger compartment by evaporating in the exchanger, decompresses a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor, flows to the passenger compartment heat exchanger, and dissipates heat to the passenger compartment. It is characterized by that.
- the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the invention of claim 2 is provided in the case where the outside heat exchanger is defrosted during heating in the above invention and / or when the outside air temperature is a predetermined low value,
- the refrigerant is characterized in that, without flowing the refrigerant, the refrigerant radiated by the radiator is depressurized and flows to the ventilation heat exchanger, and part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is caused to flow to the hot gas cycle circuit.
- a vehicle air conditioner that sucks the refrigerant evaporated in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger or the heat released in the vehicle interior heat exchanger through the hot gas cycle circuit into the low pressure portion of the compressor.
- the refrigerant evaporated in the ventilation heat exchanger is returned to the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor.
- a vehicle air conditioner according to the above invention, wherein no refrigerant is passed through the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and the hot gas cycle circuit, or the vehicle interior temperature is a predetermined low value.
- the refrigerant evaporated by the exchanger is returned to the low pressure part of the compressor.
- the air conditioner for a vehicle according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the second aspect of the present invention, in which the defrosting of each heat exchanger is performed while the inflow of the refrigerant to the outdoor heat exchanger and the ventilation heat exchanger is alternately stopped during heating. While judging necessity, when performing defrosting of a ventilation heat exchanger, it is characterized by not flowing a refrigerant into the ventilation heat exchanger concerned.
- a vehicle air conditioner according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein when the defrosting of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle is completed during heating, the refrigerant does not flow through the hot gas cycle circuit, and the refrigerant is transferred to the heat exchanger outside the vehicle. When the temperature outside the vehicle compartment is below freezing, it is not determined whether or not the defrosting of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle has been completed.
- a vehicle air conditioner according to a seventh aspect of the invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect of the invention, an evaporating pressure adjusting valve for preventing the evaporating temperature of the refrigerant in the ventilation heat exchanger from dropping below freezing point is provided.
- the vehicle air conditioner of the invention of claim 8 is characterized in that in the invention of claim 1, the air in the passenger compartment that has passed through the ventilation heat exchanger is circulated to the heat exchanger outside the passenger compartment.
- An air conditioner for a vehicle includes a duct for circulating outside air to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger in the above invention, and the air in the vehicle interior that has passed through the ventilation heat exchanger in the duct upstream of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger. And the opening of the inflow portion of the passenger compartment air is narrowed.
- a vehicle air conditioner according to a tenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that in the above invention, a damper is provided for adjusting an opening amount of an inflow portion of the passenger compartment air in the duct.
- the vehicle air conditioner according to an eleventh aspect of the invention is characterized in that in the invention according to the first aspect, an electric heater is provided for heating the passenger compartment during heating.
- a vehicle air conditioner includes a compressor, a radiator, a vehicle exterior heat exchanger, a vehicle interior heat exchanger, and ventilation for absorbing heat from the air exhausted from the vehicle interior to the vehicle exterior.
- a refrigerant circuit is configured from the heat exchanger, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor during heating is radiated to the vehicle interior by the radiator, and after the heat is radiated by the radiator, the decompressed refrigerant is supplied to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and / Or evaporates in a ventilation heat exchanger, and during cooling, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor dissipates heat in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, dissipates heat in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, and then the decompressed refrigerant is heated in the vehicle interior heat.
- the refrigerant circuit is configured to radiate the refrigerant discharged from the compressor during heating to the vehicle interior by a radiator, and after the heat is radiated by the radiator, the decompressed refrigerant is used as an outside heat exchanger and / or ventilation.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the outside heat exchanger, and after the heat is radiated by the outside heat exchanger, the decompressed refrigerant is transferred to the inside heat exchanger.
- a hot gas cycle circuit is provided that depressurizes a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor and flows it to the passenger compartment heat exchanger to dissipate heat into the passenger compartment.
- This hot gas cycle circuit is discharged from the compressor By flowing a portion of the high-temperature refrigerant, in addition to the heating by the radiator, also by heat radiation in the passenger compartment at the passenger compartment heat exchanger, it is possible to heating.
- vehicle interior heating by heat pump operation in a low outside air temperature environment can be performed extremely effectively and efficiently, and in the situation where the outside air temperature is higher than the freezing point, heat exchange outside the vehicle interior by ventilation of the outside air is performed.
- the defrosting of the vessel can also proceed at the same time, and particularly in an electric vehicle in which the compressor is driven by a battery, it is possible to realize a very suitable vehicle interior air conditioning and to prevent a decrease in the cruising distance. .
- the refrigerant evaporated in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger as in the invention of claim 3 or the refrigerant dissipated in the vehicle interior heat exchanger through the hot gas cycle circuit is sucked into the low-pressure portion of the compressor, and the ventilation heat exchange is performed. If the refrigerant evaporated in the compressor is returned to the intermediate pressure section of the compressor, the amount of refrigerant circulating in the radiator can be increased to increase the heat dissipation capacity, and the compression work in the compressor can also be reduced to improve efficiency. Can be planned.
- the refrigerant evaporated in the ventilation heat exchanger can be switched back to the low pressure portion of the compressor. Even under the situation where the refrigerant returns to the compressor only from the ventilation heat exchanger, the compression work in the compressor can be performed without any trouble.
- the refrigerant evaporated in the ventilation heat exchanger is returned to the low pressure part of the compressor, the refrigerant temperature in the ventilation heat exchanger is low, and the compressor Even under a situation where the pressure is equal to or lower than the intermediate pressure portion, the refrigerant having passed through the ventilation heat exchanger can be sucked into the compressor without any trouble.
- each heat exchanger is determined in a state where the inflow of refrigerant to the outdoor heat exchanger and the ventilation heat exchanger is alternately stopped during heating as in the invention of claim 5, It becomes possible to accurately determine whether the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and the ventilation heat exchanger are clogged due to frost formation and whether defrosting is necessary.
- the ventilation heat exchanger is clogged due to frost formation, if the refrigerant is not allowed to flow through the ventilation heat exchanger, the ventilation heat exchanger is caused by the air in the vehicle compartment having a relatively high temperature. Can be defrosted smoothly.
- the refrigerant is not supplied to the hot gas cycle circuit, but is returned to the state in which the refrigerant is supplied to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger. It is possible to return to the heat pump operation without any trouble by pumping up the heat inside.
- an evaporation pressure adjusting valve is provided to prevent the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the ventilation heat exchanger from dropping below the freezing point as in the invention of claim 7, the ventilation heat exchanger is maintained in a state where no frost formation occurs. Thus, it becomes possible to avoid the function stop of the ventilation heat exchanger accompanying defrosting.
- the air in the vehicle compartment that has passed through the ventilation heat exchanger is circulated to the heat exchanger outside the vehicle as in the invention of claim 8, even if it passes through the ventilation heat exchanger at the time of heating, It is possible to reduce the compressor power by increasing the temperature of the outside air flowing through the vehicle exterior heat exchanger by flowing air through the vehicle exterior heat exchanger and increasing the evaporation temperature.
- the air in the passenger compartment which is lower in temperature than the outside air, flows to the heat exchanger outside the passenger compartment to lower the temperature of the outside air that is vented to the heat exchanger outside the passenger compartment, and the condensation temperature is lowered to similarly reduce the compressor power It is possible to plan.
- the damper for adjusting the opening amount of the inflow portion of the passenger compartment air in the duct is provided as in the invention of the tenth aspect, the amount of air in the passenger compartment sucked out by this damper can be adjusted. For example, even if the amount of outside air passed through the vehicle exterior heat exchanger changes due to changes in the vehicle speed or the rotational speed of the blower for the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, it is possible to keep the ventilation rate from the vehicle interior constant. It becomes.
- an electric heater for heating the passenger compartment during heating is provided as in the invention of claim 11, the heating capacity of the passenger compartment of the electric vehicle is supplemented by the electric heater within the allowable range of the battery, and a more comfortable vehicle interior environment is provided. It can be realized.
- the refrigerant circuit is configured to radiate the refrigerant discharged from the compressor during heating to the vehicle interior by a radiator, and after the heat is radiated by the radiator, the decompressed refrigerant is used as an outside heat exchanger and / or ventilation.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is radiated by the outside heat exchanger, and after the heat is radiated by the outside heat exchanger, the decompressed refrigerant is transferred to the inside heat exchanger.
- a vehicle air conditioner that evaporates and absorbs heat from the passenger compartment, when an electric heater is provided and the outside heat exchanger is defrosted during heating, no heat is passed through the outside heat exchanger, and the heat is dissipated by the radiator.
- the vehicle interior is heated by an electric heater, and further, the heat in the air in the vehicle interior that is exhausted to the outside by the ventilation heat exchanger Can be recovered.
- FIG. 5 is a ph diagram of the vehicle air conditioner in the case of FIG. 4. It is a block diagram explaining the state at the time of dehumidification heating of the vehicle air conditioner of FIG.
- Example 6 It is a block diagram explaining the state at the time of the heating of the vehicle air conditioner of other Example to which this invention is applied (Example 6). It is a block diagram explaining the state at the time of defrosting of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger of the vehicle air conditioner of FIG. It is a block diagram explaining the state which heats using a vehicle interior heat exchanger, defrosting the vehicle exterior heat exchanger of the vehicle air conditioner of FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a ph diagram of the vehicle air conditioner in the case of FIG. 14. It is a block diagram explaining the state at the time of the heating of the vehicle air conditioner of other Example to which this invention is applied (Example 7). It is a block diagram explaining the state at the time of defrosting of the exterior heat exchanger of the vehicle air conditioner of FIG.
- the vehicle of the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is an electric vehicle (EV) that does not have an engine (internal combustion engine), and travels by driving an electric motor for traveling with electric power charged in a battery.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the present invention is also driven by battery power.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the embodiment performs heating by a heat pump operation using a refrigerant circuit in an electric vehicle that cannot be heated by engine waste heat, and further selectively performs dehumidification heating and cooling.
- the present invention is effective not only for electric vehicles but also for so-called hybrid vehicles that use an engine and an electric motor for traveling.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 performs heating, ventilation, and air conditioning in the passenger compartment of an electric vehicle.
- the electric compressor 2 that compresses and boosts the refrigerant, and the passenger compartment air is circulated.
- a radiator 4 provided in the ventilation duct 3 of the HVAC unit 10 to dissipate the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 into the vehicle interior, and an electric first expansion that decompresses and expands the refrigerant during heating.
- the expansion valve 8 and a vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 that is provided in the ventilation duct 3 and absorbs heat from outside the vehicle interior to the refrigerant during cooling and dehumidifying heating are sequentially connected by a refrigerant pipe 11 to form a refrigerant circuit R. ing.
- a bypass path 12 that bypasses the expansion valve 6 is connected
- a bypass path 13 that bypasses the expansion valve 6 and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 is connected
- the expansion valve 8 and the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 are bypassed.
- a bypass 14 is connected.
- an electromagnetic valve 16 is provided in the bypass passage 12 during cooling so as to bypass the expansion valve 6 and flow refrigerant, and the bypass passage 13 communicates during dehumidification heating with a part of the refrigerant.
- an electromagnetic valve 17 that bypasses the outside heat exchanger 7 and flows therethrough, and communicates with the bypass passage 14 during heating and dehumidifying heating to bypass the expansion valve 8 and the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9.
- An electromagnetic valve 18 is provided.
- the refrigerant pipe 11 between the branch portion of the bypass passage 13 on the side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the branch portion of the bypass passage 14 on the side of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 communicates with the expansion valve 8 and the refrigerant in communication during cooling.
- An electromagnetic valve 19 that flows to the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 is interposed.
- a ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 is provided by branching from the refrigerant pipe 11 between the radiator 4 and the expansion valve 6, and this ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 is connected to the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor 2. ing.
- the ventilating heat exchanger circuit 21 includes an electric third expansion valve 22 that is opened during heating and dehumidifying heating in order from the upstream side, and ventilation for ventilating the vehicle interior by discharging the air out of the vehicle interior.
- a ventilation heat exchanger 24 and a check valve 26 are connected to allow the refrigerant to absorb heat during heating and dehumidifying heating from the air in the passenger compartment flowing out of the passenger compartment through the duct 23.
- the check valve 26 has a forward direction in the direction of the compressor 2.
- air in the passenger compartment flows out of the ventilation duct 23 due to a venturi effect or pressure difference outside the passenger compartment, but a ventilation fan may be provided to forcibly exhaust the air.
- This ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 constitutes an injection circuit of the compressor 2.
- the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 including the ventilation heat exchanger 24 contributes to an improvement in COP (coefficient of performance) during the heat pump operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- temperature sensors 27 and 28 each comprising a thermistor are attached to the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the ventilation heat exchanger 24, respectively, so that the temperature of the refrigerant can be detected.
- a hot gas cycle circuit 31 branches from the discharge side (high pressure part) of the compressor 2 and is connected to the refrigerant pipe 11 on the refrigerant inlet side of the expansion valve 8.
- an electromagnetic valve 32 is provided that is opened when heating is performed in the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9.
- a bypass path 33 is connected between the upstream side of the check valve 26 of the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 and the low pressure portion (suction side) of the compressor 2, and the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is connected to the bypass path 33.
- An electromagnetic valve 34 that is opened when the refrigerant from the refrigerant is sucked into the low pressure portion (suction side) of the compressor 2 is interposed.
- the ventilation duct 3 is provided with an inside / outside air switching damper 36 for switching the air introduced into the vehicle interior between the inside air that is the air inside the vehicle interior and the outside air that is the air outside the vehicle interior.
- An air blower 37 for supplying air to the air duct 3 is also provided.
- the air duct 3 is provided with an air mix damper 38 that adjusts the degree of distribution of the inside air and the outside air to the radiator 4.
- an electric heater 44 is disposed in the ventilation duct 3 on the downstream side of the ventilation air of the radiator 4.
- a pressure sensor 39 is provided in the low pressure portion (suction side) of the compressor 2, and the pressure sensor 39 detects the suction pressure of the compressor 2.
- the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 is also provided with a vehicle exterior heat exchanger blower 41 for passing outside air to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 and a temperature sensor 42 for detecting the ambient temperature.
- Reference numeral 43 denotes a controller (ECU) composed of a microcomputer.
- the outputs of the temperature sensors 27, 28, 42 and the pressure sensor 39 are input to the controller, and the compressor 2, the ventilation fan 37, and the like.
- Various switches such as an air conditioning activation switch (not shown) for performing the activation operation are connected.
- the exterior heat exchanger 7 and the ventilation heat exchanger 24 are each provided with a temperature sensor (not shown) for detecting the surface temperature of the heat exchanger, and each temperature sensor is also connected to the input of the controller 43.
- the output includes the compressor 2, the expansion valves 6, 8, 22 and the solenoid valves 16, 17, 19, 32, 34, the inside / outside air switching damper 36, the ventilation fan 37, the air mix damper 38, and the outside of the passenger compartment.
- Devices such as a heat exchanger blower 41 and an electric heater 44 are connected.
- FIG. 1 shows a state during heating.
- the controller 43 operates the compressor 2, the ventilation fan 37 and the outdoor heat exchanger fan 41, opens the electromagnetic valve 18, and closes the electromagnetic valves 16, 17, 19, 32, and 34.
- the refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion valves 6 and 22, and the air mix damper 38 closes the ventilation duct 3 other than the radiator 4.
- the refrigerant flows through the compressor 2, the radiator 4, the expansion valve 6, and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 as shown by the thick line in FIG. And is also circulated through the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 to heat the passenger compartment by the radiator 4.
- part of the refrigerant that has passed through the radiator 4 flows into the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21, is decompressed by the expansion valve 22, and evaporates in the ventilation heat exchanger 24, and thus flows out of the passenger compartment through the ventilation duct 23. Heat is absorbed from the warm air in the passenger compartment to the refrigerant.
- the liquid or gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing into the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is heated and vaporized by the air in the passenger compartment. Since the controller 43 controls the opening degree of the expansion valve 22 based on the temperature difference between the inflow refrigerant and the outflow refrigerant detected by the temperature sensors 27 and 28, the refrigerant that has passed through the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 is almost completely vaporized. It flows into the intermediate pressure part of the compressor 2. That is, the controller 43 adjusts the valve opening degree of the expansion valve 22 so that the refrigerant supplied to the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor 2 is overheated.
- the refrigerant is vaporized in the ventilation heat exchanger 24 while pumping up heat from the air inside the passenger compartment that is discharged outside the passenger compartment, and the refrigerant is sufficiently vaporized in the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor 2.
- the heating capacity can be improved and the COP can be further improved.
- the amount of heat recovered by the ventilation heat exchanger 24 includes the amount of heat such as sunlight incident from the vehicle window, the heating effect is further improved. Therefore, even if the vehicle is an electric vehicle (EV), the power consumption of the battery by the vehicle air conditioner 1 can be suppressed, and a decrease in the cruising range of the vehicle can be effectively prevented.
- the expansion valve 22 may be fully closed so that the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 does not function.
- the controller 43 opens the electromagnetic valve 34 of the bypass passage 33 and the refrigerant from the ventilation heat exchanger 24. Is sucked into the low pressure part of the compressor 2. Thereby, even under such a situation, the refrigerant that has passed through the ventilation heat exchanger 24 can be sucked into the compressor 2 without any trouble.
- the controller 43 determines the necessity of defrosting the exterior heat exchanger 7 and the ventilation heat exchanger 24 at regular intervals (every predetermined time).
- the controller 43 alternately (alternatively) stops the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the ventilation heat exchanger 24 by alternately closing the expansion valve 6 and the expansion valve 22 alternately.
- the pressure sensor 39 detects the suction pressure of the compressor 2 (pressure in the low pressure part).
- the controller 43 is also bypassed when the refrigerant is not supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the hot gas cycle circuit 31 but only the ventilation heat exchanger 24 when the necessity of defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is determined.
- the electromagnetic valve 34 in the passage 33 is opened, and the refrigerant evaporated in the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is switched to a state in which it flows to the low-pressure part instead of the intermediate-pressure part of the compressor 2. Thereby, the compressor 2 can perform the compression work without any trouble.
- the controller 43 determines that each time when the temperature converted from the suction pressure detected by the pressure sensor 39 is a predetermined low temperature (for example, ⁇ 10 ° C.) continues for a predetermined time (for example, 10 minutes or more). It is determined that defrosting of the heat exchangers 7 and 24 is necessary.
- the expansion valve 22 is closed and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 is frosted by the pressure sensor 39 in a state in which no refrigerant flows through the ventilation heat exchanger 24.
- the pressure sensor 39 is closed in a state in which the expansion valve 6 is closed and no refrigerant is allowed to flow through the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 when it is determined whether the ventilation heat exchanger 24 needs to be defrosted.
- it is determined whether or not the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is clogged due to frost formation.
- the necessity of defrosting the heat exchangers 7 and 24 is not limited to this, and it may be determined by directly detecting that the surface temperature of the heat exchangers 7 and 24 has decreased. Alternatively, it may be determined that the difference between the evaporation temperature and the air temperature in the passenger compartment is widened, or that the wind speed passing through each of the heat exchangers 7 and 24 is detected by a wind speed sensor and decreased.
- the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 radiates heat with the radiator 4, evaporates with the ventilation heat exchanger 24, passes through the electromagnetic valve 34, and the compressor 2 It will be in the state sucked into the low-pressure part. Therefore, the passenger compartment is continuously heated by releasing the heat pumped up by the ventilation heat exchanger 24 through the radiator 4.
- the solenoid valve 32 is also closed and the refrigerant does not flow into the hot gas cycle circuit 31, the refrigerant flows only to the ventilation heat exchanger 24. 34, and the refrigerant evaporated in the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is switched to a state where the refrigerant flows to the low pressure portion instead of the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor 2, so that the compressor 2 can similarly perform the compression work without any trouble. It becomes.
- the controller 43 finishes defrosting the outside heat exchanger 7.
- the controller 43 closes the expansion valve 22 from the state of FIG. 1 to the ventilation heat exchanger 24 as shown in FIG. Do not flush. Thereby, since the evaporation of the refrigerant in the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is eliminated, frost formation in the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is melted and removed by the air in the vehicle interior.
- the controller 43 has finished defrosting the ventilation heat exchanger 24. It returns to the state of FIG.
- the controller 43 executes one defrosting and then the other defrosting. For example, the defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 that is the key to the heating function is first performed, and the defrosting of the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is performed after the defrosting is completed.
- the controller 43 switches the circuit from the state shown in FIG. 1 (or FIG. 2) to the state shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 4, the controller 43 fully closes the expansion valve 6 to prevent the refrigerant from flowing into the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7, closes the electromagnetic valve 34, and opens the electromagnetic valve 32.
- the vehicle interior is also heated by heat radiation from the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 in which the high-temperature refrigerant is circulated through the hot gas cycle circuit 31.
- the high-temperature refrigerant compressed and pressurized by the compressor 2 is radiated by the radiator 4.
- the upper side from the upper right to the left in FIG. Thereafter, the pressure is reduced by the expansion valve 22 and the pressure is reduced to an intermediate pressure.
- the left side from the top to the bottom of FIG. 5 indicates the pressure reduction in the expansion valve 22.
- the lower left side from the lower left to the right in FIG. 5 is the heat absorption of the ventilation heat exchanger 24.
- part of the high-temperature refrigerant whose pressure has been increased by the compressor 2 flows into the hot gas cycle circuit 31 and is depressurized by the expansion valve 8 so that the pressure is reduced to a low pressure.
- the right side descending from the upper right in FIG. 5 indicates the pressure reduction in the expansion valve 8. Then, it flows into the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 and evaporates, and is sucked into the low pressure portion of the compressor 2.
- the lower right side from the lower right to the left in FIG. 5 is the heat radiation in the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9. Therefore, since heat radiation (actually multiplied by the flow rate) with the lower right side added to the upper side of FIG. 5 becomes the heating capacity, it is compared with the case of only the radiator 4 as shown in FIG. 2 (only the upper side of FIG. 5). It turns out that heating capacity becomes high.
- the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 can also dissipate heat to the vehicle interior and can be heated, so that the radiator 4 and the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 can be used to heat the vehicle interior. Heating can be pumped up and recovered from the air in the passenger compartment that is exhausted to the outside by the ventilation heat exchanger 24 while heating. As a result, vehicle interior heating by heat pump operation in a low outside air temperature environment can be performed extremely effectively and efficiently, and is particularly suitable for an electric vehicle in which the compressor 2 is driven by a battery. It is possible to achieve indoor air conditioning and prevent a decrease in the cruising range.
- the controller 43 determines whether the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 Although it is determined that the defrosting has been completed and the state returns to the state shown in FIG. 1, when the outside air temperature is below freezing (0 ° C. or less), the frost on the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 is melted by the ventilation of the outside air. Cannot be expected. Therefore, when the outside air temperature detected by the temperature sensor 42 is below the freezing point, the controller 43 does not execute the defrosting end determination itself of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7. As a result, it is possible to avoid useless defrosting completion determination in a situation where it is difficult to defrost the exterior heat exchanger 7 by the outside air, and to simplify the control operation by the controller 43.
- the high-temperature refrigerant when the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 is defrosted and the outside air temperature is low, the high-temperature refrigerant is allowed to flow through the hot gas cycle circuit 31.
- the high-temperature refrigerant may always be passed through the hot gas cycle circuit 31 as shown in FIG. In that case, defrosting of the heat exchanger outside the passenger compartment by the ventilation of the outside air in a situation where the outside air temperature is higher than the freezing point can be simultaneously advanced.
- the circuit may be switched from the state of FIG. 1 to the state of FIG.
- Heating assistance by electric heater 44 if the temperature inside the vehicle compartment is low even after heating by heat radiation from the radiator 4 or the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 as described above, the controller 43 energizes the electric heater 44 to generate heat, thereby heating the vehicle interior. Provide assistance. For example, if the vehicle interior temperature does not rise to the set temperature even after the heating operation has continued for a predetermined time, the controller 43 causes the electric heater 44 to generate heat, and executes control to stop energization when the temperature rises. As a result, the heating capacity in the vehicle interior can be supplemented by the electric heater 44, and a more comfortable vehicle interior environment can be realized. However, energization of the electric heater 44 is performed within the allowable range of the battery of the electric vehicle.
- FIG. 6 has shown the state at the time of dehumidification heating.
- the controller 43 operates the compressor 2, the air blower 37 and the outdoor heat exchanger air blower 41, and sets the solenoid valves 17 and 18. Open and solenoid valves 16, 19, 32, 34 close. Further, control is performed to decompress the refrigerant by the expansion valves 6, 8, and 22, and the air mix damper 38 closes the ventilation duct 3 other than the radiator 4. As a result, the refrigerant flows through the compressor 2, the radiator 4, the expansion valve 6, and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 as shown by the thick line in FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows a state during cooling.
- the controller 43 operates the compressor 2, the ventilation fan 37, and the outdoor heat exchanger fan 41, and the electromagnetic valves 16, 1 9 is opened and the solenoid valves 17, 18, 32, 34 are closed.
- the expansion valve 22 is fully closed and the refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion valve 8, and the air mix damper 38 closes the upstream side of the radiator 4, so that the air in the vehicle compartment is the ventilation duct 3 other than the radiator 4.
- the refrigerant flows through the compressor 2, the radiator 4, the electromagnetic valve 16, and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 as shown by the thick line in FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows a heating state of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of another embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are the same.
- the evaporation pressure adjusting valve 21 is connected to the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21. (EPR) 46 is interposed.
- the evaporation pressure adjusting valve 46 is a valve device that adjusts the evaporation pressure in the ventilation heat exchanger 24 so that the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the ventilation heat exchanger 24 does not drop below the freezing point (0 ° C. or lower).
- the ventilation heat exchanger 24 can be maintained in a state where frost formation does not occur. Thereby, the function stop of the ventilation heat exchanger 24 as described above due to defrosting can be avoided, and heat can be always recovered from the air in the passenger compartment.
- FIG. 9 shows a cooling state of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of still another embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 7 are the same.
- the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 is provided in the exterior air duct 47 outside the vehicle compartment through which the outside air circulates, and the outlet 23A of the ventilation duct 23 is upstream of the exterior air flowing into the vehicle interior heat exchanger 7. On the side, it communicates with the outside air duct 47.
- the air in the vehicle interior is sucked out due to the venturi effect of the outside air flowing through the outside air duct 47. It is not necessary to provide a separate fan. Further, the air in the passenger compartment that has passed through the ventilation heat exchanger 24 can be smoothly guided to the outdoor heat exchanger 7. In this case, the air in the vehicle compartment that has passed through the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is mixed with the outside air upstream of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 and is distributed to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7. Therefore, the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is heated during heating.
- the air in the vehicle compartment still having a higher temperature than the outside air can be passed through the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 to increase the temperature of the outside air ventilated in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7.
- the power of the compressor 2 it is possible to reduce the power of the compressor 2 by increasing the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7.
- the air in the passenger compartment having a temperature lower than that of the outside air can be allowed to flow to the outside heat exchanger 7 during cooling, the outside air temperature passed through the outside heat exchanger 7 is lowered and the condensation temperature is lowered. Similarly, the power of the compressor 2 can be reduced.
- FIG. 10 shows a state during cooling of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of still another embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 9 denote the same components.
- the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 is provided in the exterior air duct 47 through which the exterior air is circulated to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7, and the outlet 23 ⁇ / b> A of the ventilation duct 23 is from the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7. It communicates with the outside air duct 47 on the upstream side. Accordingly, the outlet 23A serves as an inflow portion for the passenger compartment air.
- an electric damper 48 is attached to the outlet 23A serving as the inflow portion.
- the controller 43 controls the damper 48 to linearly adjust the opening amount of the outlet 23A. For example, by narrowing the opening of the outlet 23A (inflow portion) by the damper 48, it is possible to eliminate the disadvantage that the amount of air in the vehicle compartment sucked out by the venturi effect increases excessively. Further, for example, the controller 43 calculates the amount of outside air (speed) that is ventilated to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 from the vehicle speed and the rotational speed of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger blower 41. When the amount of outside air to be ventilated through the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 is large, the opening of the outlet 23A is closed and narrowed by the damper 48, and conversely, when the amount of outside air to be ventilated is small, the opening is widened.
- FIG. 11 shows a heating state of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of still another embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same or similar functions.
- two compressors 2A and 2B are used, and the refrigerant that has passed through the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 or the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 is sucked into the suction side (low pressure part) of the low-stage compressor 2A.
- the low-stage compressor 2A compresses the refrigerant to an intermediate pressure, sucks the intermediate-pressure refrigerant into the high-stage compressor 2B, and discharges the high-temperature refrigerant compressed by the high-stage compressor 2B to the radiator 4.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is sucked into the suction side of the high-stage compressor 2B, which is an intermediate pressure, through the check valve 26.
- the low-stage compressor 2A is stopped, or the bypass passage and the solenoid valve are non-returned.
- the upstream side of the valve 26 may be connected to the suction side of the low stage compressor 2A, and the solenoid valve may be opened so that the refrigerant from the ventilation heat exchanger 24 is sucked into the low stage compressor 2A.
- FIGS. 12 to 15 show configuration diagrams of a vehicle air conditioner 1 of still another embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
- 12 is used for heating the vehicle air conditioner 1 according to the sixth embodiment
- FIG. 13 is used for defrosting the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7
- FIG. 14 is used for the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 while defrosting the vehicle exterior heat exchanger.
- FIG. 15 shows a ph diagram in that case, and corresponds to FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 4, and FIG. And in each figure, what is shown with the same code
- the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 is not connected to the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor 2, but is connected to the low pressure portion of the compressor 2, and the check valve 26 and the electromagnetic valve 34 in the first embodiment are also deleted. Yes. Therefore, the refrigerant is depressurized to a low pressure in the expansion valve 22, and then the refrigerant evaporated in the ventilation heat exchanger 24 merges with the refrigerant from the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 and the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9. It will be sucked into the suction side (low pressure part).
- FIG.16 and FIG.17 has shown the block diagram of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the further another Example to which this invention is applied.
- FIG. 16 shows the time when the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the seventh embodiment is heated
- FIG. 17 shows the time when the outside heat exchanger 7 is defrosted, corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 2 in the first embodiment.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate the same or similar functions.
- the hot gas cycle circuit 31 and the solenoid valve 32 in the first embodiment are not provided.
- the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 is not connected to the intermediate pressure portion of the compressor 2, but is connected to the low pressure portion of the compressor 2, and the check valve 26 and the electromagnetic valve 34 in the first embodiment are also omitted. . Therefore, the refrigerant is depressurized to a low pressure in the expansion valve 22, and then the refrigerant evaporated in the ventilation heat exchanger 24 merges with the refrigerant from the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 to the suction side (low pressure portion) of the compressor 2. Will be inhaled.
- the other refrigerant flows are the same as those in FIG.
- the controller 43 when heating the passenger compartment, the controller 43 operates the compressor 2, the ventilation fan 37 and the outdoor heat exchanger fan 41, opens the electromagnetic valve 18, and closes the electromagnetic valves 16, 17, and 19.
- the refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion valves 6 and 22, and the air mix damper 38 closes the ventilation duct 3 other than the radiator 4.
- the refrigerant flows to the compressor 2, the radiator 4, the expansion valve 6, and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 as shown by the thick line in FIG. 16, and then passes through the electromagnetic valve 18 and the bypass path 14 to reduce the low pressure of the compressor 2. And is also circulated through the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21 to heat the passenger compartment by the radiator 4.
- part of the refrigerant that has passed through the radiator 4 flows into the ventilation heat exchanger circuit 21, is decompressed by the expansion valve 22, and evaporates in the ventilation heat exchanger 24, and thus flows out of the passenger compartment through the ventilation duct 23. Heat is absorbed from the warm air in the passenger compartment to the refrigerant.
- the controller 43 fully closes the expansion valve 6 as shown in FIG. 17 from the state of FIG. 16 so that the refrigerant does not flow into the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7.
- the evaporation of the refrigerant in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 is eliminated, so that the frost formation in the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 7 is melted and removed by the outside air that is ventilated.
- the hot gas cycle circuit 31 is not provided, it is impossible to dissipate heat by flowing a high-temperature refrigerant through the vehicle interior heat exchanger 9 as in the first embodiment, regardless of the outside air temperature.
- the controller 43 energizes the electric heater 44 to generate heat when defrosting the exterior heat exchanger 7.
- the refrigerant is not flowed to the exterior heat exchanger 7, the refrigerant radiated by the radiator 4 is decompressed and flows to the ventilation heat exchanger 24, If the vehicle interior is warmed by the electric heater 44, the vehicle interior is heated by the electric heater 44 in addition to the heating by heat radiation from the radiator 4, and further the vehicle exhausted to the outside by the ventilation heat exchanger 24. It becomes possible to recover the heat in the indoor air.
- R Refrigerant circuit 1 Air conditioner for vehicle 2, 2A, 2B Compressor 3 Ventilation duct 4 Radiator 6, 8, 22 Expansion valve 7 Heat exchanger outside the vehicle 9 Heat exchanger inside the vehicle 16, 17, 18, 19, 32, 34 Solenoid valve 21 Ventilation heat exchanger circuit 23 Ventilation duct 24 Ventilation heat exchanger 26 Check valve 27, 28, 42 Temperature sensor 31 Hot gas cycle circuit 39 Pressure sensor 43 Controller 44 Electric heater 46 Evaporation pressure adjustment valve 47 Outside air duct 48 damper
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Abstract
Description
せるダクトを備え、車室外熱交換器より上流側におけるダクトに換気熱交換器を経た車室内の空気を流入させると共に、この車室内空気の流入部の開口を狭めたことを特徴とする。
、効率の改善を図ることができるようになる。
するダンパを設ければ、このダンパにより吸い出される車室内の空気量を調整することができるようになり、例えば、車速や車室外熱交換器用の送風機の回転数の変化等により、車室外熱交換器に通風される外気量が変化しても、車室内からの換気量を一定に保つことが可能となる。
電動式の第3の膨張弁22と、車室内の空気を車室外に排出して換気するための換気ダクト23内を通って車室外に流出する車室内の空気中から暖房時及び除湿暖房時に冷媒に吸熱させる換気熱交換器24及び逆止弁26が接続されている。尚、逆止弁26は圧縮機2方向を順方向とされている。また、車室内の空気は車室外におけるベンチュリ効果や圧力差によって換気ダクト23から流出するものであるが、換気用送風機を設けて強制的に排出するようにしてもよい。
(暖房時)
図1は暖房時の状態を示している。車室内の暖房を行う場合、コントローラ43は圧縮機2、通気用送風機37及び室外熱交換器用送風機41を運転し、電磁弁18を開き、電磁弁16、17、19、32、34は閉じる。また、膨張弁6及び22により冷媒を減圧する制御を実行すると共に、エアミックスダンパ38は放熱器4以外の通気ダクト3を閉じる。これにより、冷媒は図1中太線で示す如く圧縮機2、放熱器4、膨張弁6、車室外熱交換器7に流れた後、電磁弁18、バイパス路14を通って圧縮機2の低圧部に吸い込まれると共に、換気熱交換器用回路21にも循環され、放熱器4による車室内の暖房が行われる。
ここで、暖房時に冷媒が蒸発して低温となる車室外熱交換器7や換気熱交換器24には外気や車室内空気中の水分が霜となって付着するようになる。この着霜が成長して目詰まりが発生すると、空気との熱交換ができなくなるため、熱の汲み上げ(ヒートポンプ)が困難となる。そこで、コントローラ43は定期的(所定時間毎)に車室外熱交換器7と換気熱交換器24の霜取りの必要性を判断している。
そして、車室外熱交換器7が着霜により目詰まりを起こしており、霜取りが必要であると判断した場合、コントローラ43は図1の状態から図2に示すように膨張弁6を全閉として車室外熱交換器7に冷媒を流さないようにすると共に、電磁弁34を開く(電磁弁32は閉じている)。これにより、車室外熱交換器7での冷媒の蒸発は無くなるので、車室外熱交換器7の着霜は通風される外気により融解され、除去されていくようになる。
また、換気熱交換器24が着霜により目詰まりを起こしていると判断した場合、コントローラ43は図1の状態から図3に示すように膨張弁22を全閉として換気熱交換器24に冷媒を流さないようにする。これにより、換気熱交換器24での冷媒の蒸発は無くなるので、換気熱交換器24の着霜は通風される車室内の空気により融解され、除去されていくようになる。
交換器24の霜取りが終了したものと判断して図1の状態に復帰する。
ここで、外気温度が氷点下等の極めて低い外気温環境下では、膨張弁6を全閉として車室外熱交換器7に冷媒を流さないようにしても、外気の通風による着霜の融解は期待できない。従って、回路を図2の状態に切り換えても、図1の状態に復帰することができなくなり、或いは、復帰するまでに極めて長時間を要するようになる。そして、その間は前述したように換気熱交換器24で汲み上げた熱を放熱器4で放出するのみになるので、暖房能力が低下した状態が長く継続されることになる。
にバッテリで圧縮機2を駆動する電気自動車において、極めて好適な車室内空調を実現し、その航続距離の低下も防止することが可能となる。
ここで、上記の如き放熱器4や車室内熱交換器9からの放熱による暖房を行っても車室内の温度が低い場合、コントローラ43は電気ヒータ44に通電して発熱させ、車室内の暖房補助を行う。例えば、上記暖房時の運転が所定時間継続しても車室内温度が設定温度に上昇しない場合、コントローラ43は電気ヒータ44を発熱させ、上昇した時点で通電を停止する制御を実行する。これにより、車室内の暖房能力を電気ヒータ44により補完し、より快適な車室内環境を実現することが可能となる。但し、電気ヒータ44の通電は電気自動車のバッテリの許される範囲内で実行されるものとする。
次に、図6は除湿暖房時の状態を示している。気温の低い梅雨時や車窓が曇ったとき等に車室内の除湿暖房を行う場合、コントローラ43は圧縮機2、通気用送風機37及び室外熱交換器用送風機41を運転し、電磁弁17、18を開き、電磁弁16、19、32、34は閉じる。また、膨張弁6、8、22により冷媒を減圧する制御を実行すると共に、エアミックスダンパ38は放熱器4以外の通気ダクト3を閉じるようにする。これにより、冷媒は図6中太線で示す如く圧縮機2、放熱器4、膨張弁6、車室外熱交換器7に流れた後、電磁弁18、バイパス路14を通って圧縮機2の低圧部に吸い込まれる。また、放熱器4を経た一部の冷媒は電磁弁17を経てバイパス路13を通り、膨張弁8を経て車室内熱交換器9に流れ、圧縮機2の低圧部に吸い込まれ、更に放熱器4を経た残りの冷媒は膨張弁22を経て換気熱交換器24に流入し、圧縮機2の中間圧部に戻るようになる。これにより、車室内は車室内熱交換器9による冷房(除湿)と放熱器4による暖房の双方を受けて除湿暖房されることになる。また、換気熱交換器24による車室内空気からの熱の回収も同様に実行される。
次に、図7は冷房時の状態を示している。車室内の冷房を行う場合、コントローラ43は圧縮機2、通気用送風機37及び室外熱交換器用送風機41を運転し、電磁弁16、1
9を開き、電磁弁17、18、32、34は閉じる。また、膨張弁22を全閉とし、膨張弁8により冷媒を減圧する制御を実行すると共に、エアミックスダンパ38は放熱器4の上流側を閉じて車室内空気が放熱器4以外の通気ダクト3を通過するようにする。これにより、冷媒は図7中太線で示す如く圧縮機2、放熱器4、電磁弁16、車室外熱交換器7に流れた後、電磁弁19を通って膨張弁8にて減圧され、車室内熱交換器9に流入して蒸発した後、圧縮機2の低圧部に吸い込まれるようになる。このときの車室内熱交換器9による吸熱作用で車室内の冷房が行われる。この場合、換気熱交換器24は機能しない。
られている。
器7の霜取り時を示しており、それぞれ実施例1における図1、図2に対応している。そして、各図中において図1、図2と同一符号で示すものは同一若しくは同様の機能を奏するとする。
1 車両用空調装置
2、2A、2B 圧縮機
3 通気ダクト
4 放熱器
6、8、22 膨張弁
7 車室外熱交換器
9 車室内熱交換器
16、17、18、19、32、34 電磁弁
21 換気熱交換器用回路
23 換気ダクト
24 換気熱交換器
26 逆止弁
27、28、42 温度センサ
31 ホットガスサイクル回路
39 圧力センサ
43 コントローラ
44 電気ヒータ
46 蒸発圧力調整弁
47 外気ダクト
48 ダンパ
Claims (12)
- 圧縮機と、放熱器と、車室外熱交換器と、車室内熱交換器と、車室内から車室外に排出される空気から吸熱するための換気熱交換器とから冷媒回路が構成され、暖房時に前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒を前記放熱器にて前記車室内に放熱させ、該放熱器で放熱した後、減圧された冷媒を前記車室外熱交換器及び/又は前記換気熱交換器にて蒸発させ、冷房時には前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒を前記車室外熱交換器にて放熱させ、該車室外熱交換器で放熱した後、減圧された冷媒を前記車室内熱交換器にて蒸発させて前記車室内から吸熱する車両用空調装置において、
前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒の一部を減圧して前記車室内熱交換器に流し、前記車室内に放熱させるホットガスサイクル回路を備えたことを特徴とする車両用空調装置。 - 暖房時に前記車室外熱交換器の霜取りを行う場合、及び/又は、外気温度が所定の低い値である場合、前記車室外熱交換器には冷媒を流さず、前記放熱器で放熱した冷媒を減圧して前記換気熱交換器に流すと共に、前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒の一部を前記ホットガスサイクル回路に流すことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 前記車室外熱交換器で蒸発した冷媒、又は、前記ホットガスサイクル回路を経て前記車室内熱交換器で放熱した冷媒を前記圧縮機の低圧部に吸引させると共に、前記換気熱交換器で蒸発した冷媒は前記圧縮機の中間圧部に戻すことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 前記車室外熱交換器、及び、前記ホットガスサイクル回路に冷媒を流さない場合、又は、車室内温度が所定の低い値である場合、前記換気熱交換器で蒸発した冷媒を前記圧縮機の低圧部に戻すことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 暖房時に前記車室外熱交換器と前記換気熱交換器への冷媒の流入を交互に停止した状態で各熱交換器の霜取りの必要性を判断すると共に、前記換気熱交換器の霜取りを行う場合には、当該換気熱交換器に冷媒を流さないことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 暖房時に前記車室外熱交換器の霜取りが終了した場合、前記ホットガスサイクル回路に冷媒を流さず、前記車室外熱交換器に冷媒を流す状態に復帰すると共に、車室外の温度が氷点下である場合、前記車室外熱交換器の霜取りが終了したか否かの判断を行わないことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 前記換気熱交換器における冷媒の蒸発温度が氷点下に下がることを防止する蒸発圧力調整弁を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 前記換気熱交換器を経た車室内の空気を、前記車室外熱交換器に流通させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 前記車室外熱交換器に外気を流通させるダクトを備え、前記車室外熱交換器より上流側における前記ダクトに前記換気熱交換器を経た車室内の空気を流入させると共に、該車室内空気の流入部の開口を狭めたことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 前記ダクトにおける前記車室内空気の流入部の開口量を調整するダンパを備えたことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 暖房時に車室内を暖める電気ヒータを設けたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 圧縮機と、放熱器と、車室外熱交換器と、車室内熱交換器と、車室内から車室外に排出される空気から吸熱するための換気熱交換器とから冷媒回路が構成され、暖房時に前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒を前記放熱器にて前記車室内に放熱させ、該放熱器で放熱した後、減圧された冷媒を前記車室外熱交換器及び/又は前記換気熱交換器にて蒸発させ、冷房時には前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒を前記車室外熱交換器にて放熱させ、該車室外熱交換器で放熱した後、減圧された冷媒を前記車室内熱交換器にて蒸発させて前記車室内から吸熱する車両用空調装置において、
電気ヒータを設け、暖房時に前記車室外熱交換器の霜取りを行う場合、前記車室外熱交換器には冷媒を流さず、前記放熱器で放熱した冷媒を減圧して前記換気熱交換器に流すと共に、前記電気ヒータにより前記車室内を暖めることを特徴とする車両用空調装置。
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DE112013003304.6T DE112013003304T5 (de) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-12 | Fahrzeugklimaanlageneinheit |
US14/406,113 US9562712B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-12 | Vehicular air-conditioning unit |
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DE112013003304T5 (de) | 2015-04-30 |
US20150121930A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
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