WO2013190823A1 - 太陽電池モジュール - Google Patents
太陽電池モジュール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013190823A1 WO2013190823A1 PCT/JP2013/003776 JP2013003776W WO2013190823A1 WO 2013190823 A1 WO2013190823 A1 WO 2013190823A1 JP 2013003776 W JP2013003776 W JP 2013003776W WO 2013190823 A1 WO2013190823 A1 WO 2013190823A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- sealing portion
- cell module
- porous body
- nonwoven fabric
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 131
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 19
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
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- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a structure for protecting a solar cell element in a solar cell module.
- FIG. 1 A cross-sectional view of a commonly used solar cell module is shown in FIG. 1
- a solar cell element 103 such as silicon, gallium-arsenic, copper-indium-selenium or the like is sandwiched and fixed between the lower sealing portion 101 and the upper sealing portion 102, and further, the surface as the uppermost protective member 105 on the sunlight irradiation side
- a glass plate and a back sheet 106 are packaged on the back surface.
- the solar cell sealing material (the lower sealing portion 101 and the upper sealing portion 102) needs to be transparent in order to guide light to the solar cell element 103. Moreover, since it installs in the field, it is requested
- a sealing material an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer having a high vinyl acetate content is often used from the viewpoints of flexibility, transparency, and the like. A configuration in which a sealing material is disposed is most often used.
- the solar cell elements 103 and the solar cell elements 103 are arranged by laminating an aluminum thin film on the back sheet 106 disposed on the back surface or by depositing a metal film. It is devised to reflect the solar energy that has passed through and increase the conversion efficiency even a little.
- the lower sealing portion 101 disposed on the back surface side with respect to the solar light irradiation surface of the solar cell element 103 contains a solar reflective material such as titanium oxide to reflect the solar light so that the irradiation efficiency is improved.
- FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell module
- FIG. 7B is a perspective view of a partially exploded solar cell module.
- the lower sealing portion 101 is mixed into the upper sealing portion 102, and the protruding portion 110 is on the upper surface of the solar cell element 103. In this case, if the lower sealing portion 101 is added with light reflection, the light is blocked, the light irradiated to the solar cell element 103 is reduced, and the efficiency is deteriorated.
- the solar cell module is heated, and when the temperature reaches a high temperature, the sealing material in the module flows, and the protruding portion 110 is generated as described above.
- a back sheet, a first sealing portion located on the back sheet, a porous body provided on the first sealing portion, and a solar cell located on the porous body A solar cell module including an element, a second sealing portion located on the solar cell element, and an external protection portion located on the second sealing portion is used.
- the opaque lower sealing material does not protrude from the solar irradiation surface side of the solar cell element due to the laminated structure in which the porous body is sandwiched between the two sealing materials.
- the laminated structure of the laminated sealing material can be maintained. Further, even under a reliability test in which heat is applied from the outside such as a heat cycle, the softened lower sealing material is difficult to flow. As a result, it is possible to realize a solar cell module in which the generation of the protruding portion of the opaque lower sealing material is unlikely to occur and the power generation efficiency does not decrease.
- FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional layer diagram of the solar cell module according to the first embodiment.
- 2A is a cross-sectional view of the layer configuration of the solar cell module according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of a broken line part of FIG. 2A.
- 3A is a three-dimensional layer configuration diagram of the solar cell module according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an opening shape of the porous body according to the second embodiment.
- 4A is a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of the solar cell module according to Example 2 of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of a broken line part of FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of the solar cell module in the case where voids are generated when the sealing material does not penetrate into the nonwoven fabric.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of a conventional solar cell module.
- FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of a layer structure of a conventional solar cell module in the case where an opaque sealing material covers a sunlight irradiation surface.
- FIG. 7B is a three-dimensional layer configuration diagram of a conventional solar cell module when an opaque sealing material covers the sunlight irradiation surface.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a state where a part of the solar cell module of Embodiment 1 is peeled
- FIG. 2A is a sectional view thereof
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged sectional view of a portion surrounded by a dotted line in FIG. 2A. It is.
- the solar cell module according to Embodiment 1 includes a solar cell element 103, an upper sealing portion 102 located above the solar cell element 103, a porous body 104 located below the solar cell element 103, and a porous body.
- the lower sealing portion 101 is positioned below the upper sealing portion 102
- the uppermost protection member 105 is positioned above the upper sealing portion 102
- the back sheet 106 is positioned below the lower sealing portion 101.
- the solar cell element 103 is sandwiched between the upper sealing portion 102 and the lower sealing portion 101.
- a dotted line in FIG. 2B indicates an interface 115 between the upper sealing portion 102 and the lower sealing portion 101.
- the solar cell element 103 is sandwiched between the sheet-like upper sealing portion 102, the sheet-like porous body 104, and the sheet-like lower sealing portion 101, and above and below the sheet-like uppermost protective member 105, and Then, vacuum lamination is performed in a state where the sheet-like back sheet 106 is laminated to form a solar cell module.
- the upper sealing portion 102 used in Embodiment 1 uses a polymer material having a total light transmittance of at least 50% or more. If it is lower than 50%, the rate at which light reaches the solar cell element 103 is low and cannot be used. Therefore, the upper sealing portion 102 is preferably as highly transparent as possible.
- the lower sealing portion 101 is a lower portion of the solar cell element 103 and does not require high total light transmittance. A polymer material having better bonding property to the upper sealing portion 102 is used.
- the polymer material generally used as the sealing material is a material mainly composed of ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and the lower sealing portion 101 is made of ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer
- a material that makes it easier to reflect sunlight by mixing an ultraviolet reflective filler such as titanium oxide into a material mainly composed of titanium dioxide is used.
- Examples of other resin components for the sealing portion include ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or its ionomer, silicone resin, polyvinyl butyral, thermoplastic polyurethane resin, polyolefin resin, etc. These may be used in combination for the lower sealing portion 101 and the upper sealing portion 102.
- the lower sealing portion 101 contains an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a colorant, a light diffusing agent, a flame retardant, a discoloration inhibitor, a silane coupling agent, etc. in order to improve durability. You may use additional ones.
- the porous body 104 is porous and may be a sheet, but an organic nonwoven fabric is particularly preferable.
- the organic nonwoven fabric is a polyethylene terephthalate fiber, a polyolefin fiber, a long fiber nonwoven fabric entangled with two or more kinds of fibers, or a short fiber nonwoven fabric, and a spunbond nonwoven fabric, a wet nonwoven fabric, a needle nonwoven fabric, or the like is used. Can do.
- the porous body 104 is configured by combining two or more organic fibers having SP values close to the respective sealing materials.
- the affinity of the organic nonwoven fabric of the sealing material is increased. This is preferable in order to suppress the fluidity.
- solubility parameter is a value defined by the regular solution theory introduced by Hildebrand, and is a value that is a measure of the solubility of the binary solution. Also called solubility parameter, solubility parameter, and Hildebrand parameter.
- the porous body 104 is not limited to a non-woven fabric, and may be porous and sheet-like, and further better if the SP value is within the above range. What knitted various fibers may be sufficient.
- fibers may be woven regularly such as plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, leash weave, imitation weave, oblique weave, double weave, etc.
- the shape of the porous body 104 is not particularly defined, but considering the permeability of the sealing material into the porous body 104, the fiber diameter is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and the apparent fiber density is 0.05 g / The thing of cm3 or more and 0.3 g / cm3 or less is preferable. The reason for this will also be described in the following examples.
- the sealing material of the upper sealing portion 102 and the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101 enter the porous body 104 up to the interface 115 indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 2B.
- the porous body 104 is preferably arranged so that the outer periphery thereof extends to the outer surface of the solar cell module. This is because it is better not to directly contact the sealing material of the upper sealing portion 102 and the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101.
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view in which a corner portion of the solar cell module is broken.
- FIG. 3B is an exploded view for explaining the relationship between the solar cell element 103 and the porous body 104.
- 4A is a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module, and
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion surrounded by a dotted line in FIG. 4A.
- the dotted line in FIG. 4B is an interface 115 between the sealing material of the upper sealing portion 102 and the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101.
- the sealing resin has entered the porous body 104.
- the porous body 104 has an opening 114 as shown in FIG. 3B, and the size of the opening 114 is larger than the dimension of the solar cell element 103 in the planar direction.
- a part of the sealing material of the upper sealing part 102 and a part of the sealing material of the lower sealing part 101 are partially contacted and bonded through the opening 114.
- That part is the peripheral part of the solar cell element 103. This is because this portion should be kept to a minimum as much as possible, and the sealing material of the upper sealing portion 102 and the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101 should not be in direct contact with each other. Direct contact makes it difficult for the resin to enter the porous body 104.
- the porous body 104, the upper sealing portion 102, and the lower sealing portion 101 are in a sheet form, and the porous body 104 includes the upper sealing portion 102 and the lower sealing portion.
- the area is larger than that of the sealing portion 101, and the upper sealing portion 102 and the lower sealing portion 101 should not be directly joined on the outer peripheral side surface of the solar cell module. The reason is that, as described above, the resin does not easily enter the porous body 104, and the overall strength does not increase when the porous body 104 is not used.
- the modularization of the solar cell is performed by a heating laminate method in which the sealing material of the upper sealing portion 102 and the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101 are thermocompression-bonded in a temperature range in which the softening and flow are possible.
- Lamination is preferably performed under vacuum. In the case of air lamination, it is not good because it becomes easy to bite voids into the porous body 104.
- the solar cell element 103 can be sealed by laminating using a material in which the lower sealing portion 101 and the porous body 104 are bonded in advance.
- the sealing material sheet of a single-sided porous body can be created by pressing and coating the lower sealing portion 101 from one side using the porous body 104 as a base material.
- the solar cell element 103 includes silicon-based materials such as single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon, III-V group compounds such as gallium-arsenic, copper-indium-selenium, cadmium-tellurium, and II-VI group compound semiconductor systems.
- silicon-based materials such as single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon
- III-V group compounds such as gallium-arsenic, copper-indium-selenium, cadmium-tellurium, and II-VI group compound semiconductor systems.
- Various solar cell elements can be used, and the sealing materials of Embodiments 1 and 2 can be applied to sealing any of these solar cell elements.
- the uppermost protective member 105 a glass plate, an acrylic resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, a fluorine-containing resin, or the like can be used.
- the lowermost backsheet 106 can be a single or multilayer sheet such as various thermoplastic resin films, taking into account gas barrier properties or moisture permeability, for example, metals such as tin, aluminum, stainless steel, A multilayer sheet such as polyester laminated with inorganic materials such as glass, inorganic vapor-deposited polyester, fluorine-containing resin, and polyolefin can be used.
- an evaluation method evaluates by the residual rate of the condensing area of the solar cell element 103 from an area measurement as an external appearance inspection. Moreover, an ultrasonic depth measuring device (SAT) measurement is performed. Furthermore, the number of voids is also evaluated. Specifically:
- the void amount is measured by an ultrasonic depth measuring device (SAT), and there is no void. Gives 1 point and 0 if there is a void.
- SAT ultrasonic depth measuring device
- the porous body 104 has a thickness of 0.06 to 0.25 mm.
- the sealing material only has to enter, and the characteristics were not affected.
- Example 1 As a sealing material for the upper sealing portion 102, an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) sheet having a total light transmittance of 92% (measured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory, Haze Meter HR-100) was used. As a sealing material for the lower sealing portion 101, an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer contains 5 wt% of rutile-type titanium oxide and has a total light reflectance of 75% (Murakami Color Research Laboratory, Haze Meter HR-100). Sealing material) was used.
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer
- polyester spunbond which is an organic nonwoven fabric was used as the porous body 104.
- polyester spunbond which is an organic nonwoven fabric is stacked, and then a titanium oxide-containing white EVA sheet as a sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101, and a thickness of 0.1 mm on the backsheet 106 A polyester film was placed.
- a solar cell module was prepared by vacuum lamination molding (molding temperature 150 ° C., load 1000 kg / m 2).
- the obtained solar cell module was able to be laminated without placing the white lower sealing portion 101 on the back surface of the solar cell element 103 so as to cover the solar irradiation surface of the solar cell element 103. Further, even after 200 heat cycle tests were performed, no movement due to the flow of the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101 to the solar light irradiation surface of the solar cell element 103 was observed.
- Example 2 The porous body 104 was laminated such that the solar cell element 103 was opened in the same area as the solar cell element 103 in the portion where the solar cell element 103 was arranged as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. Other than that, a solar cell module was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 A white material (SP value 11) using polyethylene having a transparency of 91% and a solubility parameter SP value of 8.0 as a sealing material for the upper sealing portion 102 and further containing 5 wt% of titanium oxide in an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer.
- a polyethylene short fiber having a fiber diameter of 20 ⁇ m which is an organic nonwoven fabric (SP value 8.0)
- polyester short fibers (SP value 10.7) having a fiber diameter of 20 ⁇ m were blended to form a needle nonwoven fabric (apparent density 0.15 g / cm 3, SP value (fibers 8.0 and 10.7, respectively)).
- SP value 8.0 organic nonwoven fabric
- SP value 10.7 polyester short fibers having a fiber diameter of 20 ⁇ m
- the obtained solar cell module was able to secure an irradiation area without covering the solar irradiation surface with the white material which is the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101, and no void was generated. Moreover, since the fibers having a difference in SP value of 1.0 or less are entangled with each sealing material, the penetration and adhesion to the two types of sealing materials and the porous body 104 are good, and the heat cycle The sealing material did not flow even in the reliability test 200 cycles.
- Example 4 A solar cell module was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyester spunbonds having different fiber diameters were used as the organic nonwoven fabric as the porous body 104.
- the solar cell module after lamination molding is molded without protruding the sealing material of the white lower sealing portion 101 on the solar irradiation surface of the solar cell element 103, and the solar cell element 103 before modularization is molded.
- the residual ratio was 100% with respect to the surface area, no voids, no flow after heat cycle, and the state was good.
- Example 5 As the porous body 104, a polyester spunbond having a different fiber diameter, which is an organic nonwoven fabric, was used. Other than that, a solar cell module was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the solar cell module after lamination molding is molded without protruding the sealing material of the white lower sealing portion 101 on the solar irradiation surface of the solar cell element 103, and the solar cell element 103 before modularization is molded.
- the residual ratio was 100% with respect to the surface area, no voids, no flow after heat cycle, and the state was good.
- Example 6 Polyester spunbonds having different apparent densities were used as the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104. Other than that, a solar cell module was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 7 Polyester spunbonds having different apparent densities were used as the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104. Other than that, a solar cell module was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the solar cell module after lamination molding is molded without protruding the sealing material of the white lower sealing portion 101 on the solar irradiation surface of the solar cell element 103, and the solar cell element 103 before modularization is molded.
- the residual ratio was 100% with respect to the surface area, no voids, no flow after heat cycle, and the state was good.
- Example 1 (Comparative Example 1) Using the two sealing materials used in Example 1, the organic nonwoven fabric as the porous body 104 was removed from the laminate, and vacuum laminated to obtain a solar cell module. Other conditions are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the solar cell module was obtained by using a polyethylene melt blown nonwoven fabric having a fiber diameter of 15 ⁇ m as the porous body 104 using the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101 having a value of 11.5 and a total light reflectance of 81%. Other conditions are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the obtained solar cell module has an SP value of 1.0 or more for the polyethylene melt blown nonwoven fabric and EVA resin, the penetration and affinity of the EVA resin are not so good. Therefore, the melt blown nonwoven fabric and the EVA sealing material in the heat cycle reliability test Peeling occurred at the interface.
- Example 4 A needle nonwoven fabric having different fiber diameters of polyester was used as the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104. Others were carried out similarly to Example 1, and obtained the solar cell module.
- the obtained solar cell module was formed by covering the solar light irradiation surface of the solar cell element 103 with the white resin of the lower sealing portion 101, and the irradiation area was reduced.
- Polyester spunbond nonwoven fabrics having different apparent densities were used as the organic nonwoven fabrics that are porous bodies 104. Others were carried out similarly to Example 1, and obtained the solar cell module.
- the obtained solar cell module has a fiber density of the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104 of 0.05 g / cm 3 or less, the sealing material for the lower sealing portion 101 and the sealing material for the upper sealing portion 102 However, it tends to flow into the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104, and the white resin of the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101 is covered and molded on the sunlight irradiation surface of the solar cell element 103 at the time of lamination. The irradiation area decreased.
- Example 6 A solar cell module was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric having a different apparent density was used as the organic nonwoven fabric. Other conditions are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the obtained solar cell module was molded without covering the solar irradiation surface of the solar cell element 103 with the white resin of the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101, but when a heat cycle reliability test was performed, A void occurred at the boundary between the upper sealing portion 102 and the lower sealing portion 101.
- Example 3 the difference in SP value between the sealing resins is 3.5, but two types of fibers in the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104 are used. SP values 10.7 and 8 having high affinity for the sealing material of the upper sealing portion 102, SP value 11.5, and the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101, SP value 8.0, respectively. 0.0.PET fibers are mixed and entangled to form the porous body 104. Therefore, the affinity between the porous body 104 and the sealing material is increased, the permeability is increased, and voids are generated. This reduces the fluidity of the sealing material at high temperatures.
- At least the difference in SP value between the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101, the sealing material of the upper sealing portion 102, and the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104 needs to be 0.8 or less.
- the SP value of the fiber having the larger SP value in the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104, and the SP value of the sealing material having the larger SP value of the lower sealing portion 101 and the upper sealing portion 102 That is, the SP value of the fiber having the smaller SP value in the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104 and the sealing material having the smaller SP value of the lower sealing portion 101 and the upper sealing portion 102.
- the difference from the SP value may be 0.8 or less.
- each fiber and the sealing resin have good bonding properties, and a solid solar cell module is obtained.
- the difference between the sealing material of the lower sealing portion 101 and the sealing material of the upper sealing portion 102 and the SP value is at least less than 3.5 from comparison between Comparative Example 2 and Example 3, preferably The same degree as 0.8 of the result of the above-mentioned plural fibers, 1.0 or less is preferable.
- the fiber diameter of the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104 is less than 10 ⁇ m, and the nonwoven fabric tends to become dense because the constituent fibers are thin.
- the sealing material hardly penetrates into the porous body 104 from both sides with respect to the porous body 104.
- Example 4 and Comparative Example 3 differ in apparent density, but the apparent density may be 0.05 to 0.30 g / cm 3 as described below.
- the apparent density of Example 3 is within this range and the difference is small, and the result is not affected.
- FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2A and shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module in which the gap 107 is bitten into the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104, and the fiber diameter is less than 10 ⁇ m. Then, it becomes easy to cause such a defect. Conversely, as can be seen from Example 5 and Comparative Example 4, when the fiber diameter is larger than 100 ⁇ m, the gap between the fibers becomes too large and the sealing material easily passes, and the sealing material flows through the nonwoven fabric. Not good for that. Therefore, the fiber diameter needs to be 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the organic nonwoven fabric is a porous body 104 having a small number of fibers and a large number of voids. Is not good because it easily passes through the organic nonwoven fabric and the sealing material flows during heating during lamination or use. 0.05 g / cm 3 or more is necessary.
- Example 6 and Comparative Example 5 have different fiber diameters in addition to the apparent density, but the difference is small and within the necessary range described above, and does not affect the characteristics.
- Example 7 and Comparative Example 6 when the fiber apparent density is larger than 0.30 g / cm 3, the organic nonwoven fabric that is the porous body 104 becomes dense and enters the porous body 104. The penetration of the sealing material is deteriorated, and the gap 107 is likely to be generated inside as shown in FIG. It must be 0.30 g / cm 3 or less.
- Example 6 and Comparative Example 5 have different fiber diameters in addition to the apparent density, but the difference is small and within the necessary range described above, and does not affect the characteristics.
- the apparent fiber density needs to be 0.05 g / cm 3 or more and 0.30 g / cm 3 or less.
- Example 2 which has the opening 114 in the organic nonwoven fabric which is the porous body 104
- the relationship of the example is applicable similarly to what has the opening 114.
- the organic nonwoven fabric was mainly demonstrated as the porous body 104, not only a nonwoven fabric but the sheet-like porous body, such as what provided many openings in the textile fabric of a fiber and a resin sheet, is good.
- the fiber woven material has a uniform, three-dimensional opening and can easily enter the resin. Furthermore, the nonwoven fabric is more preferable because the fibers are irregular, the openings are various, and the resin is easily contained.
- Embodiments 1 and 2 can be combined as long as there are no obstruction factors.
- the present invention can be used for a solar cell module.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1の太陽電池モジュールの一部はがした状態の斜視図であり、図2Aはその断面図、図2Bは、図2Aの点線で囲まれた部分を拡大した断面図である。
実施の形態2は、多孔質体104に太陽電池素子103を挿入する部分を開口として設けたものである。この開口について、図3A、図3B、図4A、図4Bを用いて説明する。説明しない事項は、実施の形態1と同じである。
次に、太陽電池のモジュール化は、上部封止部102の封止材料と、下部封止部101の封止材料とが軟化し流動が可能な温度領域で熱圧着する加熱ラミネート方式で行う。ラミネートは真空下で行う方が好ましい。大気ラミネートの場合、多孔質体104内に空隙を噛み込みやすくなるため良くない。
また、評価方法は、外観検査として、面積測定から太陽電池素子103の集光面積の残存率で評価する。また、超音波深度測定機(SAT)測定を行う。さらに、ボイドの発生数でも評価する。具体的には以下である。
上部封止部102の封止材料として全光線透過率92%(株式会社村上色彩技術研究所、ヘーズメーターHR-100で測定)のエチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)シートを用いた。下部封止部101の封止材料として、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体にルチル型酸化チタンを5wt%含有させ、全光線反射率が75%(株式会社村上色彩技術研究所、ヘーズメーターHR-100で測定)の封止材料を使用した。
得られた太陽電池モジュールは、太陽電池素子103の背面に白色の下部封止部101を配置し、太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面に覆いかぶさることなくラミネートできた。またヒートサイクル試験200サイクルを行った後も、太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面への下部封止部101の封止材料の流動による移動は見られなかった。
多孔質体104の形状を、図3A、図3Bのように太陽電池素子103が配置される部分に太陽電池素子103と同じ面積だけ開口し、太陽電池素子103がはまり込むようにして、積層した。他は実施例1と同様に太陽電池モジュールを作成した。
得られた太陽電池素子103は、多孔質体104によって位置が固定されるため、ラミネート時のズレもなく、また太陽光照射面に下部封止部101の封止材料が覆いかぶさることがなく、ボイドの発生もなかった。さらにヒートサイクル後も下部封止部101の覆いかぶさりなどの流動も生じなかった。
透明度91%、溶解度パラメータSP値8.0のポリエチレンを上部封止部102の封止材料に使用し、さらにエチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体に酸化チタンを5wt%含有させた白色材料(SP値11.5、全光線反射率75%)を下部封止部101の封止材料に使用し、さらに多孔質体104として、有機系不織布である繊維径20μmのポリエチレン短繊維(SP値8.0)と繊維径20μmのポリエステル短繊維(SP値10.7)を混綿し、ニードル不織布としたもの(みかけ密度0.15g/cm3、SP値(繊維それぞれ8.0、10.7))を使用した。他は実施例1と同様に真空ラミネート成型で太陽電池モジュールを作成した。
得られた太陽電池モジュールは太陽光照射面に下部封止部101の封止材料である白色材料が覆いかぶさることなく照射面積を確保でき、ボイドの発生もなかった。また、それぞれの封止材料とSP値の差が1.0以下の繊維同士を交絡しているため、2種類の封止材料と多孔質体104への浸透および密着が良好であり、ヒートサイクル信頼性試験200サイクルにおいても封止材料の流動は起きなかった。
多孔質体104である有機系不織布として、異なる繊維の径のポリエステルスパンボンドを用いた他は、実施例1と同様にして太陽電池モジュールを作成した。
ラミネート成型した後の太陽電池モジュールは太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面に白色の下部封止部101の封止材料がはみ出ておらずに成型されており、モジュール化前の太陽電池素子103の表面積に対して残存率が100%、ボイドもなく、ヒートサイクル後の流動もなく状態は良好であった。
多孔質体104として、有機系不織布である異なる繊維の径のポリエステルスパンボンドを用いた。他は、実施例1と同様にして太陽電池モジュールを作成した。
ラミネート成型した後の太陽電池モジュールは太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面に白色の下部封止部101の封止材料がはみ出ておらずに成型されており、モジュール化前の太陽電池素子103の表面積に対して残存率が100%、ボイドもなく、ヒートサイクル後の流動もなく状態は良好であった。
多孔質体104である有機系不織布として、異なる見かけ密度のポリエステルスパンボンドを用いた。他は、実施例1と同様にして太陽電池モジュールを作成した。
ラミネート成型した後の太陽電池モジュールは太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面に白色の下部封止部101がはみ出ておらずに成型されており、モジュール化前の太陽電池素子103の表面積に対して残存率が100%、ボイドもなく、ヒートサイクル後の流動もなく状態は良好であった。
多孔質体104である有機系不織布として、異なる見かけ密度のポリエステルスパンボンドを用いた。他は、実施例1と同様にして太陽電池モジュールを作成した。
ラミネート成型した後の太陽電池モジュールは太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面に白色の下部封止部101の封止材料がはみ出ておらずに成型されており、モジュール化前の太陽電池素子103の表面積に対して残存率が100%、ボイドもなく、ヒートサイクル後の流動もなく状態は良好であった。
実施例1で用いた2つの封止材料を用いて、多孔質体104である有機系不織布の積層を外して、真空ラミネート成形し太陽電池モジュールを得た。他は、実施例1と同じ条件である。
ラミネート成型した後の太陽電池モジュールは太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面に白色の下部封止部101の封止材料がはみ出て成型されており、モジュール化前の太陽電池素子103の表面積に対して集光面積が7%減少した。そのため発電効率が悪化した。
透明度91%、溶解度パラメータSP値8.0のポリエチレンを上部封止部102の封止材料に使用し、さらにエチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体に酸化チタンを5wt%含有させた白色封止材料(SP値11.5、全光線反射率81%)を下部封止部101の封止材料に使用し、多孔質体104として繊維径15μmのポリエチレンメルトブロー不織布を使用して太陽電池モジュールを得た。他は、実施例1と同じ条件である。
得られた太陽電池モジュールはポリエチレンメルトブロー不織布とEVA樹脂のSP値が1.0以上あるため、EVA樹脂の浸透および親和性があまり良くないため、ヒートサイクル信頼性試験でメルトブロー不織布とEVA封止材料との界面で剥離を起こした。
多孔質体104である有機系不織布をポリエステルの極細繊維のメルトブロー不織布を使用し、下部封止部101の封止材料および上部封止部102の封止材料にEVA樹脂を使用して真空ラミネート成型により太陽電池モジュールを得た。他は、実施例1と同じ条件である。
ラミネート成型した後の太陽電池モジュールは太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面に白色の下部封止部101がはみ出ておらずに成型されていたが、SATにてボイドを調査してみると、中心部にボイドが見つかった。さらにこの状態でヒートサイクルを行った後、再度ボイドを調べると、ヒートサイクル前よりも大きくなっていた。
多孔質体104である有機系不織布にポリエステルの異なる繊維径のニードル不織布を使用した。他は、実施例1と同様にして太陽電池モジュールを得た。
得られた太陽電池モジュールは太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面に下部封止部101の白色樹脂が覆いかぶさって成型されており、照射面積が減少した。
多孔質体104である有機系不織布としてみかけ密度の異なるポリエステルスパンボンド不織布を使用した。他は、実施例1と同様にして太陽電池モジュールを得た。
得られた太陽電池モジュールは多孔質体104である有機系不織布の繊維密度が0.05g/cm3以下であるため、下部封止部101の封止材料と上部封止部102の封止材料とが、多孔質体104である有機系不織布内への流動が起こりやすく、ラミネート時に太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面に下部封止部101の封止材料の白色樹脂が覆いかぶさって成型されており、照射面積が減少した。
有機系不織布として見かけ密度の異なるポリエステルスパンボンド不織布を使用した他は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池モジュールを得た。他は、実施例1と同じ条件である。
得られた太陽電池モジュールは太陽電池素子103の太陽光照射面に下部封止部101の封止材料の白色樹脂が覆いかぶさることなく成型されていたが、ヒートサイクル信頼性試験を行ったところ、上部封止部102と下部封止部101の境界にボイドが発生した。
上部封止部102の封止材料と下部封止部101の封止材料とのSP値の差異は、小さいほど、接合性がよい。比較例2では、下部封止部101の封止材料のSP値と多孔質体104である有機系不織布の封止材料のSP値の差が3.5であるため、多孔質体104である有機系不織布の下部封止部101の封止材料の浸透性が悪く、さらに親和力が低いため、ラミネート成型後あるいはヒートサイクル暴露で流動しやすく、さらに剥離によるボイド発生とか、端部の剥離が起こってしまう。
多孔質体104である有機系不織布の繊維径は、実施例4と比較例3からわかるように、繊維径が10μm未満になると、構成する繊維が細いために不織布が緻密になりやすく、モジュール化するときの真空ラミネート時に多孔質体104に対して、両側から封止材料が多孔質体104の内部まで浸透しにくい。
上記の実施例6と比較例5からわかるように繊維みかけ密度が0.05g/cm3未満になると、構成する繊維が少なく空隙の多い多孔質体104である有機系不織布となるため、封止材料が有機系不織布の内を通過しやすく、ラミネート時あるいは使用時の加熱時、封止材料の流動が起こるため良くない。0.05g/cm3以上必要である。
102 上部封止部
103 太陽電池素子
104 多孔質体
105 最上部保護部材
106 バックシート
107 空隙
110 はみだし部
114 開口
115 界面
Claims (10)
- バックシートと、
前記バックシート上に位置する第1封止部と、
前記第1封止部上に設けられた多孔質体と、
前記多孔質体上に位置させた太陽電池素子と、
前記太陽電池素子上に位置する第2封止部と、
前記第2封止部上に位置する外部保護部と、
を含むことを特徴とする太陽電池モジュール。 - バックシートと、
前記バックシート上に位置する第1封止部と、
前記第1封止部上に設けられ、貫通穴を有する多孔質体と、
前記第1封止部上に設けられ、かつ、前記貫通穴に位置する太陽電池素子と、
前記第1封止部上、かつ、前記太陽電池素子上に位置する第2封止部と、
前記第2封止部上に位置する外部保護部と、
を含むことを特徴とする太陽電池モジュール。 - 前記多孔質体と前記第1封止部と前記第2封止部とはシート状であり、前記多孔質体は、前記第1封止部と前記第2封止部より面積が広く、前記第1封止部と前記第2封止部とは、太陽電池モジュール外周側面で、直接接触しない請求項1または2のいずれか1項記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記多孔質体に、前記第1封止部の第1封止材料と前記第2封止部の第2封止材料とが入り込み、前記第1封止材料と前記第2封止材料とが結合している請求項1または2のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記多孔質体は、繊維の編み物である請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記多孔質体は、有機系不織布である請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記有機系不織布は、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維、または、ポリオレフィン繊維、あるいは、これら2種類の繊維からなり、
前記第1封止部と前記第2封止部中の封止材料は、エチレン・不飽和カルボン酸共重合体、そのアイオノマー、シリコーン樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、熱可塑性ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂のうちのいずれか1つ以上である請求項6に記載の太陽電池モジュール。 - 前記有機系不織布中の繊維径が10μm以上100μm以下であり、かつ、前記繊維のみかけ密度が0.05g/cm3以上0.30g/cm3以下である請求項6に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記第1、第2封止材料と前記有機系不織布中の繊維との溶解度パラメータSP値の差が1.0以下である請求項6に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記有機系不織布を2種の有機繊維を交絡して構成し、
前記第1封止材料の溶解度パラメータSP値と、
前記有機系不織布を構成する第1繊維の溶解度パラメータSP値との差が0.8以下、
さらに前記第2封止材料の溶解度パラメータSP値と、
前記有機系不織布を構成する第2繊維の溶解度パラメータSP値との差が0.8以下であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
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EP13807231.9A EP2866266A4 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-06-18 | SOLAR CELL MODULE |
JP2014520950A JP6089214B2 (ja) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-06-18 | 太陽電池モジュール |
US14/404,623 US20150187977A1 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-06-18 | Solar cell module |
CN201380033137.0A CN104380482B (zh) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-06-18 | 太阳能电池模块 |
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EP (1) | EP2866266A4 (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2017017227A (ja) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュール |
WO2021171955A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-02 | 株式会社クラレ | 土木用防水シート |
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JP2915327B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-19 | 1999-07-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュール及びその製造方法 |
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WO2010051355A2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | Dow Corning Corporation | Photovoltaic cell module and method of forming |
EP2404321A4 (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2014-07-23 | Du Pont | LIGHTWEIGHT SOLAR CELL MODULES |
JP2011249720A (ja) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-08 | Kst Co Ltd | パネルの接着用シート、パネルの製造方法、パネルの封止用シート、太陽電池の封止用シート、太陽電池の製造方法 |
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- 2013-06-18 US US14/404,623 patent/US20150187977A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-06-18 EP EP13807231.9A patent/EP2866266A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-06-18 WO PCT/JP2013/003776 patent/WO2013190823A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-06-18 JP JP2014520950A patent/JP6089214B2/ja active Active
- 2013-06-18 CN CN201380033137.0A patent/CN104380482B/zh active Active
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WO2021171955A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-02 | 株式会社クラレ | 土木用防水シート |
JP2021134656A (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-13 | 株式会社クラレ | 土木用防水シート |
JP7412370B2 (ja) | 2020-02-27 | 2024-01-12 | 株式会社クラレ | 土木用防水シート |
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US20150187977A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
JPWO2013190823A1 (ja) | 2016-02-08 |
CN104380482A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
EP2866266A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
JP6089214B2 (ja) | 2017-03-08 |
CN104380482B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
EP2866266A4 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
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