WO2013185540A1 - 一种电解铝用电解质以及使用该电解质的电解工艺 - Google Patents

一种电解铝用电解质以及使用该电解质的电解工艺 Download PDF

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WO2013185540A1
WO2013185540A1 PCT/CN2013/076442 CN2013076442W WO2013185540A1 WO 2013185540 A1 WO2013185540 A1 WO 2013185540A1 CN 2013076442 W CN2013076442 W CN 2013076442W WO 2013185540 A1 WO2013185540 A1 WO 2013185540A1
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Prior art keywords
electrolyte
naf
electrolysis
lif
melt
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PCT/CN2013/076442
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙松涛
方玉林
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内蒙古联合工业有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201210188422.7A external-priority patent/CN103484897B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201310024018.0A external-priority patent/CN103938227A/zh
Priority to AP2015008185A priority Critical patent/AP2015008185A0/xx
Priority to KR1020157000521A priority patent/KR101801453B1/ko
Priority to CA2876345A priority patent/CA2876345C/en
Priority to IN211DEN2015 priority patent/IN2015DN00211A/en
Application filed by 内蒙古联合工业有限公司 filed Critical 内蒙古联合工业有限公司
Priority to EP13804761.8A priority patent/EP2862962A4/en
Priority to EA201492228A priority patent/EA032047B1/ru
Priority to AU2013275997A priority patent/AU2013275997B2/en
Priority to US14/407,314 priority patent/US20150122665A1/en
Publication of WO2013185540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013185540A1/zh
Priority to ZA2014/09514A priority patent/ZA201409514B/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/18Electrolytes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrolyte for electrolytic aluminum and an electrolytic process using the same, belonging to the non-ferrous metal smelting industry.
  • Electrolytic aluminum is obtained by electrolytic methods.
  • the electrolytic aluminum is usually a conventional Hall-Herault molten salt electrolytic aluminum process, which uses a cryolite-alumina melt electrolysis method, which is a cryolite Na 3 AlF 6 fluoride salt melt.
  • CN101671835A discloses a low-temperature molten salt system for aluminum electrolysis, the molten salt composition of which is A1F 3 and A1 2 0 3 , and KF, NaF, MgF 2 , CaF. 2 , one or more salts of NaCl, LiF, BaF 2 , wherein the molar percentage of A1F 3 is 22-50%, the molar percentage of A1 2 0 3 is 1-25%, and the content of remaining components It is 25-77%.
  • the electrolyte can be operated in a wide range of temperatures down to 680-900 degrees Celsius.
  • MgF 2 , [&? 2 is a high melting point substance, and MgF 2 and CaF are used.
  • NaCl has not been widely used in industrial production until now; and addition of NaCl, according to common knowledge in the art, lowering the molar ratio of NaF and A1F 3 can also lower the electrolyte.
  • the liquidus temperature but current industry, NaF and A1F 3 molar ratio is usually greater than 2.2, it is as if into a Reducing the liquidus temperature of the electrolyte, and a corresponding decrease in the temperature of the electrolysis will bring a problem can not be solved, i.e., the cathode NaF, and A1F 3 will have a "crust" phenomenon in the process of low-temperature electrolysis, the reason for this "crust" Phenomenon In the process of electrolysis, sodium ions and aluminum ions in the electrolyte will aggregate.
  • the present invention provides a low primary crystal temperature, non-corrosive to the electrolytic cell, non-corrosive, suitable electrical conductivity and alumina solubility and An electrolyte for electrolytic aluminum which produces a "crusting” phenomenon and an electrolytic process using the same.
  • the electrolyte solution for electrolytic aluminum according to the present invention and the technical scheme of the electrolytic process using the electrolyte are: an electrolyte for electrolytic aluminum, which is composed of the following mass percentage components, NaF 20-29.9%, A1F 3 60.1-66%, LiF 3-10%, KF 4-13.9%, A1 2 0 3 3-6%, wherein the molar ratio of NaF to A1F 3 is 0.6-0.995; or, consists of the following mass percentage components, NaF 30-38% , A1F 3 49-60%, LiF 1-5%, KF 1-6%, A1 2 0 3 3-6%, wherein the molar ratio of NaF to A1F 3 is 1.0-1.52.
  • the molar ratio of the NaF to A1F 3 is from 0.6 to 0.7 or from 1.12 to 1.52.
  • the primary crystal temperature of the electrolyte is 620-670 °C.
  • the primary crystal temperature of the electrolyte is 640-670 °C.
  • the electrolyte has an electrolysis temperature of 720-760 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte for electrolytic aluminum includes the following steps:
  • the melt prepared in the step (1) is heated to 720-760 ° C for electrolysis.
  • the melt prepared in the step (1) is subjected to electrolysis at 730 to 750 °C. Quantitatively replenish A1 2 0 3 during electrolysis.
  • the electrolyte for electrolytic aluminum according to the present invention and the electrolytic process using the same have the following advantages:
  • the electrolyte for electrolytic aluminum is a pure fluoride salt system composed of the following mass percentage components, NaF 20-29.9%, A1F 3 60.1-66%, LiF 3-10%, KF 4 -13.9%, A1 2 0 3 3-6%, wherein the molar ratio of NaF to A1F 3 is from 0.6 to 0.995; or, consisting of the following mass percentage components, NaF 30-38%, A1F 3 49-60%, LiF 1-5%, KF 1-6%, A1 2 0 3 3-6%, wherein the molar ratio of NaF to A1F 3 is from 1.0 to 1.52.
  • the advantages of this arrangement are: First, the primary crystal temperature is low and no crust occurs.
  • the present invention makes the electrolyte by using an electrolyte of a pure fluoride salt system, by defining the composition of the substance in the electrolyte, and further limiting the content of these substances, and the molar ratio of the NaF to A1F 3 is 0.6-0.995 or 1.0-1.52.
  • the primary crystal temperature is lowered to 640-670 ° C, so that the electrolysis process can be electrolyzed at 720-760 ° C, which reduces the volatilization loss of the fluoride salt, avoids corrosion of the electrolysis device and harm to the human body, and improves
  • the working environment greatly reduces the energy consumption of the electrolysis process and achieves the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.
  • the invention can form a lithium melting crystal with low melting point by combining sodium ions and aluminum ions in the electrolyte by adding appropriate contents of LiF and KF. Stone and potassium cryolite to ensure that no crust occurs during electrolysis.
  • alumina has a higher solubility.
  • the electrolyte for electrolytic aluminum of the present invention has no added CaF 2 and MgF 2 as compared with the current industry, but has a suitable ratio in a system in which the molar ratio of NaF to A1F 3 is 0.6-0.995 or 1.0-1.52.
  • the KF function of increasing the solubility and dissolution rate of alumina improves the disadvantage of low solubility of low molar ratio electrolyte aluminum.
  • the electrolyte has a high electrical conductivity.
  • the conductivity of the electrolyte decreases with decreasing temperature, so the conductivity at a low electrolysis temperature is generally difficult to meet the needs of a normal electrolysis process, and the present invention lowers the electrolysis temperature by lowering the primary crystal temperature of the electrolyte, but the present invention has The LiF with high conductivity is increased, and the ratio of components in the electrolyte is optimized, so that the conductivity of the electrolyte at low temperature can also meet the needs of the electrolysis process, and the current efficiency of the electrolysis process is improved.
  • the present invention defines LiF content in the electrolyte system to be 3-10% or 1-5%, because LiF contains If the amount is too low, the conductivity and the effect of crusts are not improved, and the content of LiF is too high, which leads to a decrease in the solubility of alumina.
  • the present invention effectively avoids the above two kinds by limiting the content of LiF. happening. Fourth, the corrosion of metals is reduced. Electrolysis using the above-described ratio of electrolyte in the present invention does not corrode the electrolytic cell device, thereby increasing the service life of the electrolytic device.
  • the inventors of the present invention have matched the composition and content characteristics of the electrolyte according to the present invention through long-term research.
  • the electrolysis temperature is set at 720-760 ° C. While increasing the conductivity and the solubility of alumina, the electrolyte evaporation and the energy consumption of the electrolysis process are greatly reduced, and the economic performance of the process is improved.
  • the present invention further provides that the electrolysis temperature is 730-750 °C.
  • the technical solutions described in the present invention are further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. detailed description
  • Example 1 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: foot, 20%; A1F 3 , 65.98%; LiF, 5.01%; KF, 6.01%; A1 2 0 3 , 3%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 0.6.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 640 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 2 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 29.9%; A1F 3 , 60.1%; LiF, 3%; KF, 4%; A1 2 0 3 , 3%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 0.995.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the primary crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 670 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 3 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 20%; A1F 3 , 66%; LiF, 4%; KF, 4%; A1 2 0 3 , 6%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 0.6.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 640 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 4 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 21%; A1F 3 , 60.1%; LiF, 10%; KF, 5.9%; A1 2 0 3 , 3%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 0.7.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the primary crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 640 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 5 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 20%; A1F 3 , 60.1%; LiF, 3%; KF, 13.9%; A1 2 0 3 , 3%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 0.67.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 620 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 6 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 20%; A1F 3 , 61%; LiF, 9%; KF, 4%; A1 2 0 3 , 6%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 0.65.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the primary crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 670 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte in the embodiment is: (1) mixing the above amounts of NaF, A1F 3 , LiF, KF, A1 2 0 3 , and heating the obtained mixture to form a melt; (2) The melt prepared in the step (1) is heated to 760 ° C for electrolysis, and the A1 2 0 3 is quantitatively supplemented in the electrolysis process, and the conductivity of the electrolyte during the electrolysis is ⁇ cm-density -2.05 g/cm 3 , The alumina saturation concentration was 6%.
  • Example 7 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 13%; A1F 3 , 60%; LiF, 10%; KF, 12%; A1 2 0 3 , 5%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 0.43.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 660 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 8 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 32%; A1F 3 , 57%; LiF, 3; KF, 4%; A1 2 0 3 , 4%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 1.12.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 640 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 9 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 38%; A1F 3 , 50%; LiF, 2%; KF, 5%; A1 2 0 3 , 5%, wherein the molar ratio of NaF to aluminum fluoride A1F 3 is 1.52.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the primary crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 670 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 10 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 32%; A1F 3 , 57%; LiF, 3%; KF, 4%; A1 2 0 3 , 4%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 1.12.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 640 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 11 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 32%; A1F 3 , 57%; LiF, 3%; KF, 4%; A1 2 0 3 , 4%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 1.12.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 640 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is: (1) mixing the above amounts of NaF, A1F 3 , LiF, KF, A1 2 0 3 , and heating the obtained mixture to form a melt;
  • Example 12 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 30%; A1F 3 , 60%; LiF, 1%; KF, 6%; A1 2 0 3 , 3%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 1.0.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 620 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 13 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 38%; A1F 3 , 54%; LiF, 4%; KF, 1%; A1 2 0 3 , 3%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 1.4.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the primary crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 670 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • Example 14 The composition of the electrolyte in this example was: NaF, 34%; A1F 3 , 49%; LiF, 5%; KF, 6%; A1 2 0 3 , 6%, wherein NaF and aluminum fluoride A1F 3 The molar ratio is 1.39.
  • the properties of the electrolyte described in this example were measured, and as a result, the initial crystal temperature of the electrolyte in this example was 660 °C.
  • the electrolysis process using the electrolyte described in this embodiment is:
  • the melt prepared in the step (1) is heated to 760 ° C for electrolysis, and the A1 2 0 3 is quantitatively supplemented in the electrolysis process, and the conductivity of the electrolyte during the electrolysis is ⁇ cm-density -2.05 g/cm 3 , The alumina saturation concentration was 6%.
  • the electrolytic cell used in the electrolysis process in the above embodiment is a continuous prebaked anode electrolytic cell having an anode current density of 0.8 A*cm- 2 .
  • the electrolyte described in the present invention is suitable for use in any of the electrolytic cells of the prior art.
  • the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail in the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should understand that any form of modification and details of the changes made on the basis of the present invention are claimed in the present invention. .

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电解铝用电解质以及采用该电解质的电解工艺,本发明中的电解质采用纯氟化盐体系,由以下质量百分比的组分组成,NaF20-29.9%,A1F360.1-66%,LiF3-10%,KF4-13.9%,Al2O33-6%,其中NaF与AlF3的摩尔比为0.6-0.995;或者,由以下质量百分比的组分组成,NaF30-38%,AlF349-60%,LiF1-5%,KF1-6%,A12O33-6%,其中NaF与AlF3的摩尔比为1.0-1.52。本发明提供的电解质初晶温度低、氧化铝有较好的溶解性、电解质具有较高的电导率,本发明中的电解质对电解过程中降低能耗、提高电流效率、改善工作环境具有较好的作用。

Description

技术领域 本发明涉及一种电解铝用电解质以及使用该电解质的电解工艺,属于有色金属冶炼行业。 背景技术 电解铝就是通过电解方法得到铝。现有技术中,电解铝通常采用的是传统的 Hall— Herault 溶盐电解铝工艺, 该工艺采用的是冰晶石-氧化铝融盐电解法, 其以冰晶石 Na3AlF6氟化盐熔 体为熔剂, 将八1203溶于氟化盐中, 以碳素体作为阳极, 铝液作为阴极, 通入强大的直流电 后, 在 940— 960°C的高温条件下, 在电解槽的两极进行电化学反应, 从而得到电解铝。 传统 的电解铝工艺由于电解温度高, 因此存在电解质挥发量大, 碳素阳极氧化损失大、 能耗大、 热损失大、 电解工作环境差等特点。 为了降低电解温度, 现有技术中, 中国专利文献 CN101671835A公开了一种铝电解的低 温熔盐体系, 该体系的熔盐组成为 A1F3和 A1203, 以及 KF、 NaF、 MgF2、 CaF2、 NaCl、 LiF、 BaF2中的一种或者多种盐, 其中 A1F3的摩尔百分比含量为 22-50%, A1203的摩尔百分含量为 1-25%, 剩余组分的含量为 25-77%。 该电解质的电解温度可以降到 680-900摄氏度的广泛区 域进行操作。 但是, 上述电解质中, BaF2 S于密度较大, 在电解过程中容易发生沉降, 因此 难以在工业化生产中得到广泛的应用; MgF2、〔&?2是高熔点物质, 使用 MgF2和CaF2会增加 整个体系的初晶温度, 并且使用 MgF2和 CaF2会降低电解质的电导率和氧化铝溶解度; 由于 NaCl的熔点较低, 因此添加 NaCl是降低电解质初晶温度的途径之一,但是 NaCl在上述电解 温度下对 Cu、 Fe、 Al、 Ni等金属有严重的腐蚀作用, 会导致诸如电解槽配件等金属物发生 腐蚀, 这种腐蚀作用大大影响了电解装置的使用寿命, 并且 NaCl在电解过程中, 极易挥发形 成对人体有害的 HC1气体,因此 NaCl至今难以广泛应用在工业化生产中;而除了添加 NaCl, 根据本领域的公知常识, 降低 NaF和 A1F3的摩尔比也能够降低电解质的初晶温度,但现行工 业中, NaF和 A1F3的摩尔比通常是大于 2.2的,这是因为如果进一步降低电解质的初晶温度, 并相应降低电解温度会带来一个无法解决的难题,即 NaF和 A1F3在低温电解的过程中阴极会 产生"结壳"现象, 这种"结壳"现象的原因在于电解过程中电解质中的钠离子和铝离子会聚集 在阴极, 生成钠冰晶石, 钠冰晶石的熔点较高, 在低温条件下难以熔融, 这就导致阴极表面 会覆盖一层难熔的冰晶石壳体, 从而大大影响了电解过程的正常电解。 一种电解质能否成功应用于工业化生产需要综合考虑其初晶温度、挥发性、 电导率、氧 化铝溶解度、 生产环境以及是否能够保证电解过程稳定运行等诸多因素, 而上述现有技术中 存在的问题使得电解质的工业化应用受到了很大的限制, 如何在进一步降低电解质初晶温度 的同时, 还能够避免对电解装置的腐蚀和对人体的危害, 同时还能保证制备得到的电解质具 有适宜的电导率和氧化铝溶解度且不产生"结壳"现象, 是现有技术中尚未解决的难题。 发明内容 本发明所要解决的技术问题是现有技术中缺少在进一步降低电解质初晶温度的同时, 还 能够避免对电解装置的腐蚀和对人体的危害, 同时还能保证制备得到的电解质具有适宜的电 导率和氧化铝溶解度且不产生"结壳"现象的电解质的问题, 本发明提供了一种初晶温度低、 对电解槽无腐蚀作用不易挥发、 具有适宜的电导率和氧化铝溶解度且不产生"结壳"现象的电 解铝用电解质以及使用该电解质的电解工艺。 本发明所述的电解铝用电解质以及使用该电解质的电解工艺的技术方案为: 一种电解铝用电解质,由以下质量百分比的组分组成, NaF 20-29.9%, A1F3 60.1-66%, LiF 3-10%, KF 4-13.9%, A1203 3-6%, 其中 NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.6-0.995; 或者, 由以下质量百分比的组分组成, NaF 30-38%, A1F3 49-60%, LiF 1-5%, KF 1-6%, A1203 3-6%, 其中 NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比为 1.0-1.52。 所述 NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.6-0.7或者 1.12-1.52。 所述电解质的初晶温度为 620-670°C。 所述电解质的初晶温度为 640-670°C。 所述电解质的电解温度为 720-760°C。 使用所述的电解铝用电解质的电解工艺, 包括如下步骤:
( 1 )将特定量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体; 或者将特定量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热直至熔融 后再加入 A1203得到熔体;
(2) 将步骤 (1 ) 制备得到的熔体升温至 720-760°C进行电解。 将步骤 (1 ) 制备得到的熔体在 730-750°C条件下进行电解。 在电解过程中定量补充 A1203。 本发明所述的电解铝用电解质以及使用该电解质的电解工艺的优点在于:
( 1 )本发明所述的电解铝用电解质,采用纯氟化盐体系,由以下质量百分比的组分组成, NaF 20-29.9%, A1F3 60.1-66%, LiF 3-10%, KF 4-13.9%, A1203 3-6%, 其中 NaF与 A1F3的摩 尔比为 0.6-0.995; 或者, 由以下质量百分比的组分组成, NaF 30-38%, A1F3 49-60%, LiF 1-5%, KF 1-6%, A1203 3-6%, 其中 NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比为 1.0-1.52。 这样设置的优点在于: 第一、 初晶温度低且不产生结壳现象。 本发明通过采用纯氟化盐体系的电解质, 通过限 定电解质中物质的组成, 并进一步限定这些物质的含量, 以及所述 NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.6-0.995或者 1.0-1.52, 使得电解质的初晶温度降低至 640-670°C, 从而使得电解工艺可以在 720-760°C条件下进行电解, 减少了氟化盐的挥发损失, 避免了对电解装置的腐蚀和对人体的 危害, 改善了工作环境, 大大降低了电解过程的能耗, 达到了节能减排的目的; 同时本发明 通过添加适宜含量的 LiF和 KF,可以和电解质中的钠离子和铝离子结合形成熔点低的锂冰晶 石和钾冰晶石, 从而保证电解过程中不会产生结壳的现象。 第二、氧化铝有较高的溶解度。本发明的电解铝用电解质与现行工业相比,没有外加 CaF2 和 MgF2, 而是在 NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.6-0.995或者 1.0-1.52的体系中, 添加了适宜比例 的、具有增加氧化铝溶解度和溶解速度功能的 KF, 从而改善了低摩尔比电解质铝溶解度低的 缺点。 第三、 电解质具有较高的电导率。 电解质的电导率随温度的降低而降低, 因此低电解温 度下的电导率通常难以满足正常电解过程的需要, 本发明通过降低电解质的初晶温度使得电 解温度也相应降低, 但本发明通过添加具有增加导电率大的 LiF, 并对电解质中组分的配比 进行优化, 使得所述电解质在低温下的电导率也能够满足电解过程的需要, 提高了电解过程 的电流效率。 本发明在电解质体系中限定 LiF的含量为 3-10%或 1-5%, 原因在于, LiF的含 量过低, 则无法起到提高电导率和防止结壳的作用, 而 LiF的含量过高, 又会导致氧化铝的 溶解度随之降低, 本发明通过限定 LiF的含量, 有效避免了上述两种情况。 第四、 减少了对金属的腐蚀。 使用本发明中上述配比的电解质进行电解, 对电解槽装置 没有腐蚀作用, 从而提高了电解装置的使用寿命。
(2)本发明所述的电解工艺, 将特定含量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对 得到的混合物进行加热形成熔体; 或者将特定含量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF进行混合, 对得 到的混合物进行加热直至熔融后再加入 A1203得到熔体;然后将制备得到的熔体在 720-760°C 条件下进行电解。 电解温度与电解质的挥发、 工艺的能耗、 电导率和氧化铝的溶解度有着直 接的影响, 本发明的发明人通过长期的研究, 基于本发明所述的电解质的组分和含量特性, 相匹配地设定电解温度为 720-760°C,在增大电导率和氧化铝溶解度的同时,还大幅度降低了 电解质的挥发和电解工艺的能耗, 提高了工艺的经济性能。 作为优选, 本发明还进一步设置所述电解温度为 730-750°C。 为了使本发明所述的技术方案更加便于理解, 下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技 术方案做进一步的阐述。 具体实施方式
实施例 1 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: 腳, 20%; A1F3, 65.98%; LiF, 5.01%; KF, 6.01%; A1203, 3%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.6。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 640 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 720°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程中电解质的电导率 ^cm- 密度 -2.03g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 5%。 实施例 2 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 29.9%; A1F3, 60.1%; LiF, 3%; KF, 4%; A1203, 3%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.995。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 670 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热直至熔融后 再加入上述量的 A1203得到熔体;
(2 ) 将步骤 (1 ) 制备得到的熔体升温至 760°C进行电解, 电解过程中电解质电导率 -1.8Ω- cm- 密度 -2.05g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 6%。 实施例 3 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 20%; A1F3, 66%; LiF, 4%; KF, 4%; A1203, 6%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.6。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 640 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 730°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程中电解质的电导率 ^cm- 密度 -2.03g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 5%。 实施例 4 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 21%; A1F3, 60.1%; LiF, 10%; KF, 5.9%; A1203, 3%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.7。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 640 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 750°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程中电解质的电导率 ^cm- 密度 -2.04g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 6%。 实施例 5 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 20%; A1F3, 60.1%; LiF, 3%; KF, 13.9%; A1203, 3%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.67。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 620 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 720°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程电解质的电导率 cm- 密度 -2.03g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 5%。 实施例 6 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 20%; A1F3, 61%; LiF, 9%; KF, 4%; A1203, 6%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.65。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 670 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为: ( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体; (2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 760°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程中电解质的电导率 ^cm- 密度 -2.05g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 6%。 实施例 7 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 13%; A1F3, 60%; LiF, 10%; KF, 12%; A1203, 5%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.43。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 660 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 760°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程中电解质的电导率 ^cm- 密度 -2.05g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 6%。 实施例 8 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 32%; A1F3, 57%; LiF, 3; KF, 4%; A1203, 4%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 1.12。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 640 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 720°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程中电解质的电导率 ^cm- 密度 -2.03g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 5%。 实施例 9 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 38%; A1F3, 50%; LiF, 2%; KF, 5%; A1203, 5%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 1.52。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 670 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热直至熔融后 再加入上述量的 A1203得到熔体;
(2 ) 将步骤 (1 ) 制备得到的熔体升温至 760°C进行电解, 电解过程中电解质电导率 -1.8Ω- cm- 密度 -2.05g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 6%。 实施例 10 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 32%; A1F3, 57%; LiF, 3%; KF, 4%; A1203, 4%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 1.12。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 640 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 730°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程中电解质的电导率 ^cm- 密度 -2.03g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 5%。 实施例 11 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 32%; A1F3, 57%; LiF, 3%; KF, 4%; A1203, 4%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 1.12。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 640 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为: ( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 750°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程中电解质的电导率 ^cm- 密度 -2.04g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 6%。 实施例 12 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 30%; A1F3, 60%; LiF, 1%; KF, 6%; A1203, 3%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 1.0。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 620 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 720°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程电解质的电导率 cm- 密度 -2.03g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 5%。 实施例 13 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 38%; A1F3, 54%; LiF, 4%; KF, 1%; A1203, 3%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 1.4。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 670 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 760°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程中电解质的电导率 ^cm- 密度 -2.05g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 6%。 实施例 14 本实施例中的电解质的成分为: NaF, 34%; A1F3, 49%; LiF, 5%; KF, 6%; A1203, 6%, 其中 NaF与氟化铝 A1F3的摩尔比为 1.39。 对本实施例中所述的电解质的性能进行测定, 结果为: 本实施例中电解质的初晶温度为 660 °C。 使用本实施例中所述电解质的电解工艺为:
( 1 )将上述量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF、 KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体;
(2)将步骤(1 )制备得到的熔体升温至 760°C进行电解,在电解过程中定量补充 A1203, 电解过程中电解质的电导率 ^cm- 密度 -2.05g/cm3, 氧化铝饱和浓度 6%。 上述实施例中的电解工艺中使用的电解槽为连续式预焙阳极电解槽, 阳极电流密度为 0.8A*cm- 2。 本发明中所述的电解质适用于现有技术中的任何电解槽。 上述实施例已对本发明的具体内容作了详细阐述, 本领域的专业技术人员应该明白, 在 本发明的基础上所做的任何形式的改进和细节上的变动均属于本发明所要求保护的内容。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种电解铝用电解质, 由以下质量百分比的组分组成, NaF 20-29.9% , A1F3 60.1-66% , LiF 3-10% , KF 4-13.9%, A1203 3-6%, 其中 NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.6-0.995; 或者, 由以下质量百分比的组分组成, NaF 30-38% , A1F3 49-60% , LiF 1-5% , KF 1-6%, A1203 3-6%, 其中 NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比为 1.0-1.52。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的电解质, 其特征在于, 所述 NaF与 A1F3的摩尔比为 0.6-0.7或者 1.12-1.52。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的电解质, 其特征在于, 所述电解质的初晶温度为 620-670°C。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的电解质, 其特征在于, 所述电解质的初晶温度为 640-670°C。
5. 根据权利要求 1-4任一所述的电解质,其特征在于,所述电解质的电解温度为 720-760°C。
6. 使用权利要求 1-5任一所述的电解铝用电解质的电解工艺, 包括如下步骤:
( 1 )将特定量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF, KF、 A1203进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热形成 熔体; 或者将特定量的 NaF、 A1F3、 LiF, KF进行混合, 对得到的混合物进行加热直至熔融 后再加入 A1203得到熔体;
(2) 将步骤 (1 ) 制备得到的熔体升温至 720-76CTC进行电解。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的电解铝用电解质的电解工艺, 其特征在于, 将步骤 (1 ) 制备得到 的熔体在 730-75CTC条件下进行电解。
8. 根据权利要求 6或 7所述的电解铝用电解质的电解工艺, 其特征在于, 在电解过程中定 量补充 A1203
PCT/CN2013/076442 2012-06-11 2013-05-30 一种电解铝用电解质以及使用该电解质的电解工艺 WO2013185540A1 (zh)

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