WO2013183288A1 - 光偏向器、光偏向器の製造方法、及び、液晶ディスプレイ - Google Patents
光偏向器、光偏向器の製造方法、及び、液晶ディスプレイ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013183288A1 WO2013183288A1 PCT/JP2013/003520 JP2013003520W WO2013183288A1 WO 2013183288 A1 WO2013183288 A1 WO 2013183288A1 JP 2013003520 W JP2013003520 W JP 2013003520W WO 2013183288 A1 WO2013183288 A1 WO 2013183288A1
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- liquid crystal
- optical deflector
- prisms
- light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
- G02B26/0841—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD the reflecting element being moved or deformed by electrostatic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
- G02B30/24—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type involving temporal multiplexing, e.g. using sequentially activated left and right shutters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
- G02B5/045—Prism arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/32—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using arrays of controllable light sources; using moving apertures or moving light sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/322—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using varifocal lenses or mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1341—Filling or closing of cells
- G02F1/13415—Drop filling process
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical deflection element that deflects incident light, a manufacturing method thereof, and a liquid crystal display using the optical deflection element.
- Patent Document 1 An optical deflector using an electric liquid crystal deflector that does not include a movable part and uses a change in refractive index of liquid crystal due to voltage application has been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 A three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic image display device using the above optical deflector has been proposed (Patent Document 2).
- JP-T-2002-523802 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-81985 JP-A-7-98439
- the present invention provides an optical deflector having a configuration capable of spreading liquid crystals into a uniform plane.
- An optical deflector is an optical deflector that deflects and emits incident light by changing a refractive index of liquid crystal, and includes a pair of transparent electrodes facing each other and the pair of transparent electrodes A plurality of prisms arranged between electrodes and arranged on one facing surface of the pair of transparent electrodes, and provided between the pair of transparent electrodes, and from one of the pair of transparent electrodes to the other A portion of the space between the pair of transparent electrodes except for the plurality of prisms and the two spacers, in the space between the two spacers having a width in the direction larger than the plurality of prisms and the same width.
- Liquid crystal provided.
- the optical deflector of the present invention has a configuration capable of spreading the liquid crystal in a uniform plane.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view and a side view of an optical deflector in the related art, and a schematic view of a liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the method of manufacturing the optical deflector according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a deflection angle when the optical deflector of the first embodiment is used.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the optical deflector according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the method of manufacturing the optical deflector of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of an optical deflector according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between the refractive index difference and the refraction angle of the optical deflector.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view and a side view of an optical deflector in the related art, and a schematic view of a liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the method
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram of a liquid crystal display device using the optical deflector of Embodiment 2, and a schematic configuration diagram of the optical deflector.
- FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a liquid crystal display device using the Fresnel lens of the second embodiment, and an explanatory diagram of the relationship between the prism angle and the refraction angle.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the first and second wirings of the ITO film used in the optical deflector of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a third schematic wiring diagram of the ITO film used in the optical deflector of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the method of manufacturing the optical deflector of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the method of manufacturing the optical deflector according to the third embodiment.
- optical deflectors for deflecting light.
- the optical deflector is an indispensable device in, for example, a laser scanner used in a laser printer or the like, and conventionally, a polygon scanner, a galvano scanner, a MEMS mirror, or the like has been used.
- a polygon scanner, a galvano scanner, a MEMS mirror, or the like can have a large deflection angle, since it includes a movable part, the movable part tends to cause a failure. Therefore, it is desired to develop an optical deflector that does not include a movable part and can be electrically scanned even for uses other than the above-described applications such as a laser printer.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are a front view and a side view of an optical deflector 10 according to the technique (related technique) disclosed in Patent Document 1, respectively.
- the optical deflector 10 includes a liquid crystal 12, a dielectric 13, and electrodes 14a, 14b, and 14c.
- the liquid crystal 12 has a triangular cross section.
- the dielectric 13 has a complementary shape opposite to the triangular liquid crystal 12 and is disposed in contact with the liquid crystal 12.
- the dielectric 13 may be a polymer resin such as plastic or may be made of glass or the like.
- the electrodes 14 a, 14 b and 14 c are electrodes for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal 12 and the dielectric 13.
- the electrode through which light incident on the liquid crystal 12 and the dielectric 13 passes is preferably a transparent electrode.
- FIG. 1 shows three sets of electrodes 14a, 14b and 14c as electrodes, but of course only one of them may be used.
- the light 11 enters the optical deflector 10 from the lower side of the liquid crystal 12 in the drawing. Assuming that the refractive index NL of the liquid crystal 12 and the refractive index ND of the dielectric 13 are the same in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal 12, the light 11 is transmitted at the interface between the liquid crystal 12 and the dielectric 13. It proceeds in the direction of the light 11s without being refracted. When a voltage is applied between the electrodes and the refractive index NL of the liquid crystal 12 becomes higher than the refractive index of the dielectric ND, the light 11 is refracted in the direction of the light 11h.
- the optical deflector 10 can deflect the incident light 11.
- this optical polarizer does not have a movable part, even if this optical deflector is used for the purpose of changing the illumination direction of planar light such as a headlight of a car as in Patent Document 2, It has the advantage of being less susceptible to vibrations and the like.
- the 3D stereoscopic image display device shown in Patent Document 3 can be configured with a liquid crystal display device 20 as shown in FIG.
- the liquid crystal display device 20 includes an optical deflector 10 a in which a large number of optical deflectors 10 are arranged, a light source 21, a liquid crystal panel 22, stereo cameras 23 a and 23 b, a control unit 24, and a light guide plate 25. Further, the liquid crystal panel 22, the optical deflector 10a, the light source 21, and the stereo cameras 23a and 23b are connected to the control unit 24.
- the light 11 emitted from the light source 21 incident from the side surface of the light guide plate 25 is raised substantially vertically by the prism shape provided on the bottom surface and propagates from the light guide plate 25 while propagating through the inside of the light guide plate 25.
- the light 11 incident on the optical deflector 10a substantially perpendicularly is deflected by each cell of the optical deflector 10a so as to be condensed on the right eye 26a of the viewer 26 at a predetermined timing at different angles.
- the In synchronization with this timing, an image shown on the right eye is displayed on the liquid crystal panel 22.
- the light 11 is deflected at a different angle for each place so that the light 11 is condensed on the left eye 26b, and an image shown on the left eye is displayed on the liquid crystal panel 22 in synchronization with this timing.
- the viewer 26 recognizes the image displayed on the liquid crystal panel 22 as a 3D (three-dimensional) image by alternately switching this at predetermined time intervals (for example, 8.3 milliseconds, 120 Hz in terms of frequency). can do.
- predetermined time intervals for example, 8.3 milliseconds, 120 Hz in terms of frequency.
- the deflection angle of the optical deflector 10a is determined by a signal from the control unit 24 even when the position of the viewer 26 is changed. By adjusting, it is possible to continue focusing the right eye image on the right eye and the left eye image on the left eye. By doing so, even if the viewing position changes, it can continue to function as a privacy display or a 3D display. Of course, different images may be displayed on the liquid crystal panel 22 depending on the viewing position.
- the liquid crystal is difficult to pass over the wall surface of the prism provided in an array like the dielectric 13 in FIG. As described above, it is difficult to form a uniform surface of the liquid crystal in the optical deflector manufactured using the ODF method.
- the present invention provides an optical deflector having a configuration capable of spreading liquid crystals into a uniform plane.
- the present invention enables a uniform inflow of liquid crystal without gaps by a simple method without degrading the light deflection performance.
- an optical deflector is an optical deflector that deflects and emits incident light by changing the refractive index of liquid crystal, and is opposed to each other.
- a width in a direction from one to the other of the plurality of prisms is larger than that of the plurality of prisms, and the plurality of prisms out of spaces between the pair of transparent electrodes, and two spacers having the same width.
- a liquid crystal provided in a portion excluding the two spacers.
- the spacer regulates the space between the transparent electrodes of the optical deflector so as not to become smaller than a predetermined height width in the manufacturing process of the optical deflector. Then, by disposing the liquid crystal material substance at a position between the spacers, the liquid crystal material substance is spread in a plane between the transparent electrodes, and a uniform plane liquid crystal is formed. Therefore, the optical deflector has a configuration capable of spreading the liquid crystal into a uniform surface.
- the two spacers may be two prisms.
- a prism having the same function as a prism arranged for deflecting incident light between the transparent electrodes of the optical deflector and having a height higher than that of the prism can be used as the spacer.
- the spacer itself is a prism (has a prism function)
- the spacer can deflect incident light in the same manner as other prisms. Therefore, the change in the deflection characteristics of the optical deflector due to the arrangement of the spacer can be eliminated.
- each of the plurality of prisms and the shape of each of the two spacers may be similar.
- the deflection characteristic of the spacer which is a prism can be made the same as that of other prisms.
- the spacer when applied to the liquid crystal by the transparent electrode, the spacer can deflect incident light in the same manner as other prisms.
- the optical deflector may further include a sealing agent that seals end portions of the pair of transparent electrodes, and the two spacers may be disposed at a position in contact with the sealing agent.
- the spacer can be provided in the portion of the sealing agent that is attached so that the liquid crystal (liquid crystal material substance) does not come out of the optical deflector.
- the sealant is in a region different from the effective region of the liquid crystal, this region is a portion that cannot be seen by the viewer. Therefore, even if a spacer exists in this region, the deflection characteristic of the optical deflector does not change, and the optical deflector has the same deflection characteristic as that without the spacer.
- each of the plurality of prisms may have a symmetrical shape with respect to an axis of symmetry parallel to the normal line of the facing surface.
- the liquid crystal liquid crystal material substance
- each of the plurality of prisms is a rod-shaped prism having a right triangle in cross section, one side that is not the hypotenuse of the right triangle touches the opposing surface, and the symmetry axis of two sides excluding the one side The side closer to may be a hypotenuse.
- the liquid crystal can spread so as to climb the hypotenuse of the right triangle toward the direction away from the symmetry axis. Therefore, the liquid crystal spreads more uniformly and a uniform planar liquid crystal is formed.
- the symmetry axis may be located at a position penetrating the center of the pair of transparent electrodes in a cross section parallel to the bottom surface.
- a uniform planar liquid crystal is formed even in a transparent electrode having a larger area.
- the method of manufacturing an optical deflector includes a step of arranging the first transparent electrode, and a plurality of the deflectors arranged above the first transparent electrode and arranged on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode.
- a liquid crystal display includes a light deflector described above, a backlight that makes light incident on the light deflector, and a liquid crystal panel on which light emitted from the light deflector enters.
- the liquid crystal display may further include a detection unit that detects a position of the viewer's eyes, and the light deflector may deflect light toward the eye position detected by the detection unit.
- the detection unit detects the positions of the left eye and the right eye of the viewer, and the optical deflector deflects light in a time division manner with respect to the positions of the left eye and the right eye detected by the detection unit.
- the liquid crystal panel displays an image shown to the left eye when light is deflected toward the viewer's left eye, and displays an image shown to the right eye when light is deflected to the viewer's right eye. Also good.
- a liquid crystal display equipped with such an optical deflector can make a viewer visually recognize a stereoscopic image.
- FIG. 2 shows a manufacturing procedure of the optical deflector 104 according to the first embodiment.
- the X axis (X direction), the Y axis (Y direction), and the Z axis (Z direction) are defined, and the direction thereof is “+” or “ ⁇ ”.
- the “X direction” simply means both directions parallel to the X axis
- the “+ X direction” means the direction in which X increases in the direction parallel to the X axis (coordinate axis). Means the direction of the arrow is facing.
- the X direction is also called the horizontal direction
- the Y direction is called the depth direction
- Z is also called the vertical direction.
- the optical deflector 104 includes a lower glass substrate 100a, an upper glass substrate 100b, a lower ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film 101a, an upper ITO film 101b, prisms 102a and 102b, and a liquid crystal 103.
- ITO is an abbreviation for indium tin oxide, and is widely used as a transparent electrode.
- a lower ITO film 101a is formed on the lower glass substrate 100a by vapor deposition or the like, and prisms 102a and 102b are provided thereon.
- the plurality of prisms 102a may have the same height or different heights.
- the height (width in the Y direction) of the prism 102b is higher than that of the prism 102a having the maximum height (maximum height).
- At least two prisms 102b are formed, and are characterized by having the same height. In other words, two or more prisms 102b having the same height may be formed.
- “equal” means that they are substantially equal, and does not merely indicate that they are exactly the same.
- the prisms 102a and 102b In order to fabricate the prisms 102a and 102b, for example, when the prisms 102a and 102b are made of resin, an ultraviolet curable resin is applied on the lower ITO film 101a in advance, and a mold obtained by cutting the shape of the prisms 102a and 102b is used. You may shape
- the prisms 102a and 102b may be made of glass. In that case, the prism shape can be manufactured by etching or the like. The material and manufacturing method of the prisms 102a and 102b may be appropriately adopted according to the size and necessary specifications, and are not limited here.
- a right triangle is used as an example of the shape of the bottom surface (cross section) of the prisms 102a and 102b.
- the shape is not limited unless particularly described.
- the interval between the prisms 102a is, for example, about 10 ⁇ m
- the interval between the prisms 102b is, for example, about several centimeters.
- these lengths are examples, and the present invention is not limited to these lengths.
- the prism 102b is disposed between the lower ITO film 101a and the upper ITO film 101b, and can be regulated so as not to be narrower than a predetermined interval between the lower ITO film 101a and the upper ITO film 101b. It doesn't have to be a prism. That is, instead of the prism 102b, a spacer having a height equal to the predetermined interval may be used. In the following description, the prism 102b is used as a spacer unless otherwise specified.
- a liquid crystal 103 (liquid crystal material) is dropped on the prism 102a manufactured in FIG.
- the liquid crystal 103 is dropped on a section defined by at least two prisms 102b.
- the upper glass substrate 100b on which the upper ITO film 101b is formed by vapor deposition or the like is brought close to the lower glass substrate 100a so that the upper ITO film 101b is on the liquid crystal 103 side.
- the liquid crystal 103 can be produced by spreading it uniformly over the entire optical deflector 104.
- the optical deflector 104 of the present embodiment includes a prism 102b having a height higher than that of the surrounding prism 102a. Further, the optical deflector 104 is manufactured by dropping the liquid crystal 103 into a section delimited by the prism 102b and sandwiching it between the upper glass substrate 100b and the lower glass substrate 100a. As a result, a gap can be provided between the prism 102a and the upper ITO film 101b, and the liquid crystal 103 can easily exceed the prism 102a, so that the liquid crystal 103 can be uniformly and easily spread over the entire optical deflector 104.
- the difference in height between the prisms 102a and 102b is preferably as small as possible so that the liquid crystal 103 can be overcome. This is because the smaller the difference in height between the prisms 102a and 102b, the smaller the amount of liquid crystal used.
- the shape of the prism 102c having a height higher than that of the prism 102a may be similar to the prism 102a. If it does in this way, incident light can be changed in the same direction by applying the same voltage to the whole.
- the light 115a enters the optical deflector 114 perpendicularly, it can be deflected by applying the same voltage regardless of the location. That is, it is not necessary to change the voltage to be applied depending on the location, and the ITO film can be formed with a simple solid pattern. Therefore, the optical deflector 114 can be configured easily and inexpensively.
- FIG. 3 shows the case where the light 115a is incident vertically, but the same effect can be obtained even when the light 115a is incident at a different angle.
- the periphery of the liquid crystal element is usually sealed with a sealing agent (epoxy resin or the like). Therefore, like the optical deflector 115 in FIG. 4, a prism 102d higher than the prism 102a may be disposed in a portion where the sealant 105 is disposed.
- a sealing agent epoxy resin or the like. Therefore, like the optical deflector 115 in FIG. 4, a prism 102d higher than the prism 102a may be disposed in a portion where the sealant 105 is disposed.
- the thickness of the optical deflector 115 can be easily controlled and effective.
- the liquid crystal 103 in the region 106 can be uniformly distributed.
- a high prism 102d may be arranged in the effective area 106 of the optical deflector 115.
- the prism 102d of the sealant 105 portion does not have to be similar to the prism 102a, and may have an arbitrary shape.
- “effective area” means that a viewer recognizes light emitted through the area.
- light emitted through an area that is not an effective area does not enter the eyes of the viewer and is not recognized by the viewer.
- the lower glass substrate 100a and the upper glass substrate 100b are used as the transparent substrates.
- this is not particularly limited to the glass substrate, and a resin substrate or the like is used as long as it transmits light.
- a resin substrate or the like is used as long as it transmits light.
- the lower ITO film 101a and the upper ITO film 101b are used as the transparent electrodes, this is not particularly limited to ITO as the transparent electrodes, and of course, a metal thin film, IZO (indium zinc oxide) or the like may be used. It is not limited to.
- FIG. 5 shows a manufacturing procedure of the optical deflector 205 according to the second embodiment.
- the optical deflector 205 includes a lower glass substrate 200a, an upper glass substrate 200b, lower ITO films 201a-1, 201a-2, 201a-3 and 201a-4, an upper ITO film 201b, and prisms 202a, 202b and 202c. And 202d, and a liquid crystal 203.
- the difference between the optical deflector 205 and the optical deflector 114 of the first embodiment is that the hypotenuses of the right triangles of the cross sections of the prisms 102a and 102b in the first embodiment are all in the same direction (upper right on the page).
- the hypotenuse is the upper right in the prism 202a, the upper left in the 202b, the upper right in the 202c, and the upper left in the 202d. That is, the prism 202a and the prism 202b are symmetrical with respect to the symmetry axis 204a, and the part of the prism 202c and the prism 202d are symmetrical with respect to the symmetry axis 204b. .
- the prisms 202a, 202b, 202c, and 202d are arranged on the lower ITO films 201a-1, 201a-2, 201a-3, and 201a-4 with the symmetry axes 204a and 204b as axes.
- the manufacturing method is as described in the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal 203 is dropped in the vicinity of the symmetry axes 204a and 204b.
- the upper ITO film 201b is provided on the liquid crystal 203 side from the upper glass substrate 200b provided with the upper ITO film 201b by vapor deposition or the like from the upper part of FIG. And sandwich.
- the liquid crystal 203 dropped in the vicinity of the symmetry axis 204b only has to get over the hypotenuse of each prism when getting over each prism, so that it can easily get over each prism. Therefore, the liquid crystal 203 is uniformly and rapidly filled between the lower ITO films 201a-1, 201a-2, 201a-3 and 201a-4 and the upper ITO film 201b.
- the prisms 202a, 202b, 202c, and 202d having the hypotenuses facing in the same direction are formed on the lower ITOs 201a, 201b, 201c, and 201d, and the prisms 202a, 202b, 202c, and 202d are respectively manufactured. Therefore, even if prisms having different hypotenuse positions are arranged, incident light can be deflected in the same direction.
- the shapes of the prisms 202a, 202b, 202c and 202d are all right triangles, but the shape is not particularly limited as long as it has the same effect.
- a description has been given using a right triangle as an example that is most easily understood and effective.
- the intervals between the ITO films are clearly provided so that the lower ITO films 201a-1, 201a-2, 201a-3 and 201a-4 are not the same electrode.
- the interval should be as narrow as possible, preferably 10 micrometers or less.
- the prisms 202e and 202f are bilaterally symmetric with respect to the symmetry axis 204c arranged at the substantially central position of the cross section of the optical deflector 206, and the oblique side of the prism 202e is directed to the symmetry axis 204c. If the oblique side of the prism 202f is also arranged in the direction of the symmetry axis 204c, the liquid crystal 203 may be dropped only in the vicinity of the symmetry axis 204c of the light deflector 206 when the light deflector 206 is manufactured.
- the device 206 has the advantage that it can be manufactured.
- the prism angle ⁇ is defined so that the hypotenuse of the prism is located at the upper right of the prism.
- ⁇ 45 degrees.
- the relationship between the refractive index difference (N ⁇ N0) and the refractive angle is as follows. This is indicated by the solid line in FIG.
- the dotted line is obtained by extrapolating the slope of the solid line when the refractive index difference is near zero.
- the linearity deteriorates as the absolute value of the refractive index difference increases.
- the linearity deteriorates on the negative side of the refraction angle ⁇ (that is, when the refractive index N of the liquid crystal 203 is smaller than the refractive index N0 of the prism 202g). Therefore, the optical deflector 10a of the liquid crystal display device 20 shown in FIG. 1C uses the optical deflector 206 of FIG. 6A like the liquid crystal display device 207 of FIG.
- the device 207 can be configured. Further, an optical deflector 208 as shown in FIG. 8B may be used instead of the optical deflector 206 of the liquid crystal display device 207.
- the lower ITO film is divided into eight parts 201a-8 to 201a-14, and the width of the ITO film becomes narrower as it approaches the side surface from the center. As the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is closer to the side surface of the optical deflector 208, the light deflection angle becomes larger.
- the width of the ITO film is made the same or narrower. Since the applied voltage can be accurately corrected as it approaches the side surface from the center, the deviation in linearity can be accurately corrected, and the deflection is less likely to be shifted toward the right eyes 26a and 26b of the viewer 26. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 207 with higher image quality can be configured.
- the liquid crystal display device 211 may include a Fresnel lens 210 at the rear stage of the optical deflector 206.
- the Fresnel lens 210 can reduce the deflection angle required for the optical deflector 206.
- the Fresnel lens 210 can reduce the deflection angle of the peripheral portion of the optical deflector 206.
- the optical deflector 206 may be deflected with substantially the same deflection angle over the entire surface. By doing so, the required specification of the refractive index variation of the liquid crystal used in the optical deflector 206 is relaxed. Further, the optical deflector 206 can be configured at low cost.
- the optical deflector 206 can reduce the voltage applied to the liquid crystal, and thus has an advantage that it can be configured at low cost including the drive circuit.
- the linearity between the refractive index difference and the refraction angle is good.
- the refractive index of the liquid crystal 203 has only to be changed substantially linearly with respect to the position of the viewer 26, so that there is an advantage that the control becomes simple.
- FIG. 9B shows the relationship between the prism angle ⁇ and the deflection angle ⁇ of the Fresnel lens shown in FIG. In the graph of FIG.
- the solid line is the relationship between the prism angle and the refraction angle
- the dotted line is an extrapolation of the relationship between the prism angle and the refraction angle when the prism angle is near zero.
- the optical deflector 208 when the prism angle of the Fresnel lens is increased, the relationship between the prism angle and the refraction angle is not linear. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device 211, by using the optical deflector 208 instead of the optical deflector 206, the refractive index is more accurately adjusted especially in the region where the linearity of the Fresnel lens 210 is deteriorated, that is, the region closer to the side surface of the Fresnel lens. Can be controlled.
- the liquid crystal display device 211 uses the optical deflector 208, so that the width of the ITO film becomes the same or narrower as it approaches the side surface from the center, and the linearity of the Fresnel lens 210 and the optical deflector 206 itself deteriorates.
- a high-quality stereoscopic image display device or liquid crystal display device with reduced crosstalk can be configured.
- the Fresnel lens 210 is disposed at the rear stage of the optical deflector 206.
- the Fresnel lens 210 may be disposed at the front stage of the optical deflector 206, and the position thereof is limited here. is not.
- FIG. 10 shows a view of the lower ITO films 201a-8 to 201a-14 provided on the lower glass substrate 200a of FIG. 8 as seen from the direction of arrow A in FIG.
- the lower ITO films 201a-8 to 201a-15 are bundled at the port 209a and connected to the control unit 24.
- the lower TIOs 201a-8 to 201a-15 may be bundled at two locations of the ports 209b and 209c as shown in FIG. In this way, the distance from the port 209b to the portion where each of the lower ITO films 201a-8 to 201a-11 has the maximum width (the portion intersecting the broken line A in FIG. 10B) is The total is shorter than if it was one.
- the variation in the distance from the port to the lower ITO film is shortened.
- the port 209c and the lower ITO films 201a-12 to 201a-15 are lowered as a whole, so that the time constant when driving the liquid crystal is reduced.
- the liquid crystal can be driven at a high speed, and the variation in resistance value of each of the lower ITO films 201a-8 to 201a-15 can be suppressed, so that the variation in the liquid crystal driving speed depending on the location on the liquid crystal panel 22 can be suppressed. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 207 with high image quality can be configured.
- ports 209d and 209e may be provided at two locations, upper and lower. In this case, it is necessary to connect to the control unit 24 by cables from the two ports 209d and 209e at the top and bottom.
- the ports 209f and 209g can be taken out from the same side by drawing the top and bottom of the lower glass substrate 200a with an ITO film.
- FIG. 11B is a view of the lower ITO films 201a-8 to 201a-15 provided on the lower glass substrate 200a as viewed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. In this way, since the two adjacent ports 209f and 209g can be connected to the control unit 24, the wiring distance is short, the wiring resistance is low, the liquid crystal driving speed can be increased, and the device size is small.
- the liquid crystal display device 207 can be configured.
- optical deflector 205 shown in this embodiment can be realized by adding the characteristics to the optical deflector 104 shown in Embodiment 1, or only the characteristics of the optical deflector 205. It can also be realized.
- the optical deflector 205 shown in the present embodiment is an optical deflector that deflects and emits incident light by modulating the refractive index of liquid crystal, and includes a pair of transparent electrodes facing each other, A plurality of prisms arranged between a pair of transparent electrodes and arranged on one facing surface of the pair of transparent electrodes; and the spaces between the pair of transparent electrodes, the plurality of prisms and the two It can be said that the plurality of prisms are symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry parallel to the normal line of the facing surface.
- the method of manufacturing the optical deflector 205 shown in the present embodiment includes a step of arranging the first transparent electrode, and a plurality of the optical deflectors 205 provided above the first transparent electrode and arranged on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode.
- the plurality of prisms can be said to be symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry parallel to the normal of the upper surface of the first transparent electrode.
- FIG. 12 shows a manufacturing procedure of the optical deflector 304 according to the third embodiment.
- the optical deflector 304 includes a lower glass substrate 300a, an upper glass substrate 300b, a lower ITO film 301a, an upper ITO film 301b, a prism 302, and a liquid crystal 303.
- a prism 302 is provided on a lower glass substrate 300a on which a lower ITO 301a is deposited.
- the upper glass substrate 300b on which the upper ITO film 301b is deposited is disposed so that the upper ITO film 301b is on the upper side.
- the liquid crystal 303 is dropped on the upper ITO film 301b.
- the lower glass substrate 300a provided with the prism 302 is turned upside down and sandwiched between the upper glass substrate 300b onto which the liquid crystal has been dropped with the prism 302 facing downward.
- the liquid crystal 303 can be uniformly spread over the entire optical deflector 304 without having to climb the wall surface of the prism 302.
- the flat plate 305 or the like is brought into contact with the liquid crystal 303 on the upper glass substrate 300b as shown in FIG. By spreading in a plane, the liquid crystal can be spread more uniformly over the entire optical deflector 304.
- the flat plate 305 was used here as an example, it is not limited to this as long as it has the same effect.
- FIG. 13 shows a manufacturing procedure of the optical deflector 307.
- the optical deflector 307 has the optical deflector shown in FIG. 12A until the prism 302 is provided on the lower glass substrate 300a on which the lower ITO film 301a is deposited. The same as 304.
- the liquid crystal 303 is dropped directly on the lower glass substrate 300a provided with the prism 302.
- the bead 306 secures a certain space between the prism 302 and the upper ITO film 301b, so that the liquid crystal 303 can be uniformly spread over the entire optical deflector 304.
- the kinematic viscosity of the liquid crystal 303 is high, the beads 306 do not enter the depth of the prism 302, so that the cell gap becomes non-uniform. Therefore, the kinematic viscosity of the liquid crystal is preferably 40 mm 2 / s or less. In this case, the beads 306 and the prism 302 correspond to spacers.
- the optical deflector of the present invention can easily and uniformly spread the liquid crystal in the plane of the optical deflector, an inexpensive optical deflector can be configured.
- the liquid crystal display device is configured using an optical deflector, it can be used for a high-quality 3D liquid crystal display device or a privacy display with a simple configuration, which is useful.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者は、「背景技術」の欄において記載した光偏向器に関し、以下の問題が生じることを見出した。
図2は、実施の形態1にかかる光偏向器104の製造手順を示す。なお、図2に示す座標軸のように、X軸(X方向)、Y軸(Y方向)、及びZ軸(Z方向)を定義し、さらに、それらの向きを「+」又は「-」で表す。つまり、単に「X方向」というときは、X軸に平行な方向の両方の向きのことを意味し、「+X方向」というときは、X軸に平行な方向のうちXが増加する向き(座標軸の矢印が向いている向き)を意味する。また、X方向を水平方向、Y方向を奥行き方向、Zを垂直方向ともよぶ。
図5は、実施の形態2にかかる光偏向器205の製造手順を示す。光偏向器205は、下ガラス基板200aと、上ガラス基板200bと、下ITO膜201a-1、201a-2、201a-3及び201a-4と、上ITO膜201bと、プリズム202a、202b、202c及び202dと、液晶203とを備える。光偏向器205と実施の形態1の光偏向器114との違いは、実施の形態1でのプリズム102a及び102bのそれぞれの断面の直角三角形の斜辺がすべて同じ向き(紙面上で右上)であったのに対して、実施の形態2の光偏向器205では、それぞれ斜辺が、プリズム202aでは右上、202bでは左上、202cでは右上、202dでは左上としてある。すなわち、対称軸204aを軸として、プリズム202aとプリズム202bとは対称形状を成しており、またプリズム202cの一部とプリズム202dとは、対称軸204bを軸として、対称形状を成している。
図12は、実施の形態3にかかる光偏向器304の製造手順を示す。光偏向器304は、下ガラス基板300aと、上ガラス基板300bと、下ITO膜301aと、上ITO膜301bと、プリズム302と、液晶303とを備える。
11、11h、11s、11m、115a 光
12 液晶
13 誘電体
14a、14b、14c 電極
20、207、211 液晶表示装置
21 光源
22 液晶パネル
23a、23b ステレオカメラ
24 制御部
25 導光板
26 視認者
26a 右目
26b 左目
100a、200a、300a 下ガラス基板
100b、200b、300b 上ガラス基板
101a、201a-1~201a-15、301a 下ITO膜
101b、201b、201c、301b 上ITO膜
102a、102c、102d、202a、202b、202c、202d、202e、202f、202g、302 プリズム
102b プリズム(スペーサ)
103、203、303 液晶
103s 空間
105 シール剤
106 有効領域
204a、204b、204c 対称軸
209a、209b、209c、209d、209e、209f、209g ポート
210 フレネルレンズ
305 平板
306 ビーズ
Claims (11)
- 液晶の屈折率を変化させることで、入射光を偏向して出射する光偏向器であって、
互いに対向する一対の透明電極と、
前記一対の透明電極の間に設けられ、前記一対の透明電極のうちの一方の対向面上に並ぶ複数のプリズムと、
前記一対の透明電極の間に設けられ、前記一対の透明電極のうちの一方から他方へ向かう方向の幅が前記複数のプリズムより大きく、かつ、前記幅が互いに等しい2つのスペーサと、
前記一対の透明電極の間の空間のうち、前記複数のプリズムと前記2つのスペーサとを除く部分に設けられる液晶とを備える
光偏向器。 - 前記2つのスペーサは、2つのプリズムである
請求項1に記載の光偏向器。 - 前記複数のプリズムのそれぞれの形状と、前記2つのスペーサのそれぞれの形状とは、相似である
請求項2に記載の光偏向器。 - 前記光偏向器は、さらに、
前記一対の透明電極の端部を封止するシール剤を備え、
前記2つのスペーサは、前記シール剤に接する位置に配置される
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の光偏向器。 - 前記複数のプリズムのそれぞれは、
前記対向面の法線に平行な対称軸に対して対称形状である
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の光偏向器。 - 前記複数のプリズムのそれぞれは、断面が直角三角形である棒状のプリズムであり、
前記直角三角形の斜辺でない1辺が前記対向面に接し、前記1辺を除く2辺のうちの前記対称軸に近い方の辺が斜辺である
請求項5に記載の光偏向器。 - 前記対称軸は、前記複数のプリズムの断面において、前記一対の透明電極の中心を貫く位置にある
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の光偏向器。 - 第一透明電極を配置する工程と、
前記第一透明電極の上方に設けられ、前記第一透明電極の上面上に並ぶ複数のプリズムを配置する工程と、
前記第一透明電極の上方に設けられ、上下方向の幅が前記複数のプリズムより大きく、かつ、前記幅が互いに等しい2つのスペーサを配置する工程と、
配置された2つのスペーサで区切られた区間のそれぞれに、前記第一透明電極の上方から液晶を滴下する工程と、
前記複数のプリズム及び前記2つのスペーサの上方に第二透明電極を配置する工程とを含む
光偏向器の製造方法。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の光偏向器と、
前記光偏向器に対して光を入射するバックライトと、
前記光偏向器が出射した光が入射する液晶パネルとを備える
液晶ディスプレイ。 - 前記液晶ディスプレイは、さらに、
視認者の目の位置を検出する検出部を備え、
前記光偏向器は、前記検出部が検出した目の位置に向けて光を偏向する
請求項9に記載の液晶ディスプレイ。 - 前記検出部は、視認者の左目および右目のそれぞれの位置を検出し、
前記光偏向器は、前記検出部が検出した左目および右目のそれぞれの位置に対して、時分割で光を偏向し、
前記液晶パネルは、視認者の左目に向けて光が偏向されたタイミングで左目に見せる画像を表示し、かつ視認者の右目に光が偏向されたタイミングで右目に見せる画像を表示する
請求項10に記載の液晶ディスプレイ。
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JP2013548512A JP6168409B2 (ja) | 2012-06-07 | 2013-06-05 | 光偏向器、光偏向器の製造方法、及び、液晶ディスプレイ |
EP13800480.9A EP2860575B1 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2013-06-05 | Light deflector, method for manufacturing light deflector, and liquid-crystal display |
US14/130,990 US9244329B2 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2013-06-05 | Light deflector, method of manufacturing light deflector, and liquid crystal display |
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US201261656562P | 2012-06-07 | 2012-06-07 | |
US61/656,562 | 2012-06-07 |
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US (1) | US9244329B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2860575B1 (ja) |
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JP7036587B2 (ja) | 2017-12-26 | 2022-03-15 | 矢崎エナジーシステム株式会社 | 太陽エネルギー利用器 |
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CN108292062B (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2019-12-13 | 矽光学有限公司 | 用于自由运行方式和受限运行方式的显示屏 |
CN105589277B (zh) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-07-04 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种液晶透镜及显示装置 |
JP6885859B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-26 | 2021-06-16 | 矢崎エナジーシステム株式会社 | デシカント建具 |
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WO2017094493A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-08 | シャープ株式会社 | 導光板、ライトガイドおよび虚像表示装置 |
JP7036587B2 (ja) | 2017-12-26 | 2022-03-15 | 矢崎エナジーシステム株式会社 | 太陽エネルギー利用器 |
US11936336B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2024-03-19 | Yazaki Energy System Corporation | Solar energy utilization device |
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JPWO2013183288A1 (ja) | 2016-01-28 |
EP2860575A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
US9244329B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 |
JP6168409B2 (ja) | 2017-07-26 |
EP2860575A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
US20140160383A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
EP2860575B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
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