Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
  • A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
  • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material

Definitions

• the invention relates generally to animal litters and particularly to kvw-dust animal litters and methods fo -making such low-dust animal litters.
• Animal Utters are made from various ingredients, e.g., clays such as entcnite: woods such as pine and cedar; wood byproducts such as sawdust; grains and ground grains such as corn; agricultural products and byproducts such as corncob and dried distillers grains; silica gel; paper; cellulose; and mixtures thereof,
• clays such as entcnite: woods such as pine and cedar; wood byproducts such as sawdust; grains and ground grains such as corn; agricultural products and byproducts such as corncob and dried distillers grains; silica gel; paper; cellulose; and mixtures thereof,
• these animal litters are made by transporting, grinding, mixing, sizing, rolling, packaging, or otherwise processing the ingredients used to make the litter.
• fine particles of the litter ingredients are often produced.
• These fine particles generally referred to as "dust” in the art, cause various problems for the litter manufacturers and users.
• the dust adversely affects the operation of litter production and handling equipment, causes environmental problems for production personnel, and must be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner.
• the dust adversely affects the animal and the animal caregiver using the litter when the dust contaminates the environment where the litter is used, e.g., the dust is tracked into the environment by the animal
• US6K54421 discloses animal litters and methods of fabricating same that are dust free
• US60891 89 discloses scoopable celluSosk animal litters that are treated to reduce dust
• 1JS731620.1 discloses non-clumping animal Utter granules having reduced dust.
• U $5526770 discloses biodegradable dustless cat Utters.
• US5229348 discloses animal, litter granules and method
• ⁇ 00071 St is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide low- dust animal litters.
• low-dust animal litters comprising one or more ingredients that function as an animal litter and one or more poiyols that function to reduce dust in the litter.
• the iow-dust animal litters further comprise binders and/or other ingredients that, enhance the physical and or functional properties of the litter.
• dust means small solid litter particles, often defined as particles below 250 ⁇ in diameter, that slowly settle out of the atmosphere under the influence of gravity.
• low-dust animal litter means that, an animal litter treated using the methods and compounds of the invention that has at least 50% less dust compared to the same animal litter not treated with the methods and compounds of the invention.
• the invention provides low-dust animal litters.
• the low-dust, animal litters comprise one or more ingredients that function as an animal litter and one or more poiyols that function to reduce dust, in the litter.
• the litter ingredients can be any suitable compound, composition, or other material that junctions as. an animal litter.
• the litter iiigredienis are litter ingredients that tend to create dust when used to manufacture animal litters or litter ingredients that tend to create dust when the litter is used for its ' intended purpose.
• the litter ingredients are selected fiom clays, woods, agricultural products, agricultural byproducts, and the like.
• Clays useful in the invention are any clay useful for producing animal litters.
• the clays are non-swelling clays, swelling clays, or combinations thereof
• the clays can be clays that are obtained directly by mining natural clay deposits, synthetic clays, or clays that are derived from the agglomeration of clay particles, e.g., clay particles produced by litter or other manufacturing processes that involve the use of clays.
• Non-swelling clays include kaolinites, illites, vermiculites, attapulgites, sepiolitcs, and non-swelling smectites.
• the non-swelling clays are rich in the following clay minerals: palygorskite sepiolke, kaoimite, dickite, nacrite, . iHiie, glauconite. celadonite. and phengite.
• the non-swelling clays contain the clay minerals * Ca-rnonimorillonite, kaoHnite, and iliac
• Swelling clays include smectites and swelling forms of kaofinites, illites, and vcrniicuSit.es.
• the swelling clays contain one or more of hectorite, beidelite, raontmorillonite, nonironite, saponite, sauconite, ver icuiite, and halloysite.
• the clay is bentonite, e.g. , a a ⁇ mo»tmoril lonite (Ka-bentonite).
• bentonite is a naturally occurring combination of clay minerals and some non-clay mineral constituents.
• a- bentonite is rich in Na-montmorillonite but may also include other clay and some non-clay mineral constituents.
• the swelling clays contain Na-monmtorilionite, hectorite, and verniiculite.
• the non-swelling and swelling clays can be mixed in. any amount suitable for forming the animal litters.
• the non-swelling and swelling clays can. be mixed in amounts of from about 10 to about 90% non-swelling clay and from about 90 to about 10% swelling clay ,
• Woods useful in the invention are any woods useful for forming animal litters.
• the woods are cedar, pine, oak, maple, eucalyptus, aspen, yucca, or combinations thereof.
• the woods are cedar, pine, or combinations thereof.
• the pine is New Zealand Pine or Southern Yellow Pine and the cedar is Western Red Cedar;
• the woods have any form suitable for functioning as an animal litter, e.g., chips, particles, pellets, crumbled pellets, crumbles, and the like.
• the woods are cedar, pine, or a combination thereof.
• Agricultural products and agricultural byproducts useful n the invention are any agricultural products and agricultural byproducts useful for forming animal litters.
• the agricultural products and agricultural byproducts are alfalfa, corn, corn stalk, corn tlour, oat hull, oat stalk, oat flour, barley hull, barley meal, barley stalk, barley flour, wheat hull, wheat straw, wheat flour, soybean hull, soybean meal, soybean flour, rye hull, rye .meal rye straw, rye flour, rice straw, rice hull, sorghum straw, sorghum hull, sunflower seeds, or combinations thereof.
• the agricultural products or agricultural byproducts are plants such as bamboo, lemongrass, switchgrass, catnip, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, thyme, valerian root, alyssum, chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, hops, lavender, apples, berries, orange peels, orange pulp .
• the agricultural products and agricultural byproducts are sawdust, paper, cellulose, corncob, com kernel, Distillers Dried Grain (DDG), corn pellet, oat pellet, barley pellet, wheat middlings, soybean pellet, rye pellet, rice grain, rice pellet, sorghum grain, sorghum pellet, or combinations thereof.
• the agricultural products and agricultural byproducts are sunflower seed, almond, pistachio, walnut, pecan, hazelnut, peanut, acorn, wheat middlings, wheat straws, or combinations thereof.
• the agricultural products and agricultural byproducts are wood and corncob.
• the agricultural products and agricultural byproducts are cedar, pine, and corncob.
• the woods have an appealing appearance and naturally release an aroma.
• the corncob has excellent liquid absorption properties and will absorb the majority of an added liquid, a . , urine.
• the cedar, pine, and corncob have an enhanced ability to interact with polyols compared to other litter ingredients.
• Polyols useful in the invention are any polyols that, reduce dust in the litter compared to the same litter without the polyols, e.g. , monomelic or polymeric polyols.
• the polyols are selected from glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol, butyl ene glycol, mono-pro pyiene glycol, polydextvose. perttaemhritof , ethylene glycol polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol, sucrose, mannttol, maltitol or combinations thereof.
• the polyol is glycerol [f)i ⁇ 29
• the low-dust litters comprise from about 0.2 to about 30% poiyoi(s) and from about 99.8 to about 70% of other litter ingredients.
• the low-dust Utters comprise from, about 1 to about 20% polyoS(s) and from about 99 to about. 80% of other litter ingredients, preferably from about. 2 to about 1.0% polyoUs) and from about 98 to about 90% of other Sitter ingredients, more preferably 2 to about 8% polyol(s) and from about 98 to about 92% of other litter ingredients.
• the low-dust animal litters of the invention further comprise one or more binders that promote clump formation.
• Any binder that promotes clump formation can be used.
• Binders useful in the invention include natural, and synthetic gums, carbohydrates, proteins, and other hydrophnic polymers. Specific examples include carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), locust, hean gum, xanthan gum. k mjac gum, arabic gum, cassia gum, agar agar, alginates, carrageenans, gelatin, pectins, wheat gluten, starches, biood plasma, partially hydrolyzed soy protein, partially hydrolyzed dairy proteins, or combinations thereof.
• CMC carboxymethylcellulose
• locust hean gum
• xanthan gum xanthan gum
• k mjac gum arabic gum
• cassia gum agar agar
• alginates alginates
• carrageenans gelatin
• pectins wheat gluten, star
• the binder is guar gum.
• the binders comprise from about 0.5 to about 20.% of the low-dust animal litter, preferably from about 1 to aboui 12%, more preferably from about 1.5 to about 8%.
• the low-dust animal litter comprises from about .2 to about 40% of one or more woods, preferably from about. 5 to about 30%, more preferably from about 10 to about 20%; from about 50 to about 95% corncob, preferably from about 60 to about 90%, more preferably from about 70 to about 80%; from about 0, 1 to about 1 % polyols, preferably from about 0.5 to about 8%, more preferably from about 1 to about 6%; and from about 0.S to about 12% binders, preferably from about 1 to about 10%, more preferably from about 2 to about 8%.
• the wood particles are cedar, pine, or a combination thereof; the polyol is glycerol; and the binder is guar gum.
• the low-dust animal Utters further comprise materials that enhance the function and properties of the litter.
• agents include antimicrobials, malodor reducing materials, fragrances, health indicating materials, color altering agents, dust reducing agents, superabsorbent materials, cyc!odextrins, zeolites, activated carbon, baking soda, pi l altering agents, salt forming materials, ricinoleates, or combinations thereof.
• the agent is added, in any useful amount.
• the agent comprises from about 0.0! to about 2% of the low-dust animal litter, preferably from about 0.05 to about 1%, depending on the agent and its use. 0 331
• the low-dust animal. Utters of the invention are useful for a variety of purposes, other than just as an animal litter.
• the low-dust animal litters can be used to treat water, treat, wastewater, manage liquid spills, and the like.
• the invention provides methods for making low-dust animal litters.
• the methods comprise selecting one or more litter ingredients suitable for use as an. animal litter and combining the litter ingredients with one or more polyols.
• Suitable litter ingredients and suitable polyols and the amounts of such litter ingredients and polyols are given herein when describing the low-dust animal litter of the invention, including various litter ingredients such as binders, fragrances, malodor counteractants, and the like.
• binders such a various hydrocolloids are added to the litter to help with clumping and other functional properties.
• the Utter ingredients and polyols are combined using any suitable method, e.g. , mixing, coating, spraying, stirring, and the like.
• all the Utter ingredients and polyols are mixed to produce the low- dust animal litter.
• the polyols are applied to one or more litter ingredients and the Utter ingredients with the applied polyols are subsequently combined with other litter ingredients to produce the low-dust animal litter.
• the polyols are applied to the litter ingredients by spraying the polyols onto the surface of the litter ingredients ' .
• the polyols can be combined with the litter ingredients without dilution or can be diluted with, or dissolved in water or other solvents when the polyols are viscous liquids or solids. Diluting the polyols facilitates handling and using the polyols and makes it easier and more convenient to combine the polyols with the litter ingredients.
• polyol solutions containing polyols in amounts of from, about 5 to about 90% of one or more polyols can be used.
• the glycerol can be combined with water to produce glycerol solutions that are mixed with or applied to the litter ingredients.
• such solutions contain glycerol in amounts of from about 5 to about 95% polyols, e.g. A to 12%, 40 to 60%, or 70 to 80%.
• the order of addition of the litter ingredients can be any order suitable for producing a low-dust, animal litter.
• the polyols and one or more litter ingredients are combined then mixed with other litter ingredients to produce a low-dust litter.
• the polyol(s) are applied to the surface of the corncob, typically by spraying the polyols onto the corncob particles, and the corncob coated with the polyols is subsequently mixed with wood particles and other optional ingredients to produce a iow-dust animal litter.
• the corncob and wood particles are mixed and the polyoli ' s) a e applied to the corncob and wood particles, e.g. , b spraying the polyols onto the particles, and the poiyol coated patticies are combined with the other litter ingredients,
• the polyoKs) are applied to the surface of corncob, a binder is combined with the poiyol coated corncob, and the poiyol coated corncob and binder mixture is subsequently mi e with wood particles and other optional ingredients to produce a low-dust animal litter.
• corncob is coated with polyol(s), the hydrocolloid guar gum is added to the mixture, and then pine and cedar particles are added to this mixture produce a low-dust animal litter.
• corncob, pine, and cedar are mixed; polyol(s) are added to the mixture; and then guar gum is added to the mixture to produce a iow-dust animal litter.
• the invention provides methods for managing waste, particularly animal waste such as feces and urine.
• the methods comprise contacting the waste with a Iow-dust animal litter comprising one or more ingredients that function as an animal litter and one or more polyols that function to reduce dust in the litter.
• the low-dust animal litter is placed in a litter box or other suitable container and the animal is allowed to deposit its waste (urine or feces, but preferably urine) so that it comes in contact with the Iow-dust animal litter. If desirable, the low-dust animal litter can be placed in contact with the waste after the waste is deposited, e.g. , on a lawn.
• waste urine or feces, but preferably urine
• the invention provides an animal litter box comprisin a device suitable for containing low-dust animal litter and suitable for use by an animal when excreting animal waste and one or more low-dust animal litters of the invention.
• the device is any device suitable for use by an animal and compatible with an animal litter of the invention. Many such devices are known in the art and available commercially, e.g. , the litter boxes disclosed in US20G90250014 A 1 , US20090272327A1 , US20090000560AL US20070277740A 1 , US76281 18, and the like.
• kits suitable for containing low-dust animal litters useful for managing waste, particularly animal waste comprise in separate containers in a single package or in separate containers in. a virtual package, as appropriate for the kit component, a low-dust animal litter of the invention and one or more of (1) a device suitable for containing the Iow-dust animal litter and suitable for use by an animal when excreting animal waste, e.g. , a litter box; (2) a device suitable for handling animal waste that has been deposited
• S with the low-dust animal litter e.g. , a scoop for removing animal feces from a litter (e.g., US7523973) or a take suitable for arranging an animal litter in a litter box or other- container; (3) a different animal Htter, e.g., a different animal litter suitable for creating a mixture of the low-dust animal litter of the invention and such different animal litter; (4) instruction for how to use the low- dust animal litter to manage waste, particularly animal waste; and (5) instructions for how to dispose of the low-dust animal litter, e.g. , how to dispose of the litter in an environmentally friendly manner, particularly after it has been used.
• a scoop for removing animal feces from a litter e.g., US7523973
• a take suitable for arranging an animal litter in a litter box or other- container e.g., a different animal Htter, e.g., a different animal litter suitable for creating a mixture of the low-
• kits When the kit comprises a virtual package, the kit is limited to instructions in a virtual environment in combination with one or more physical kit components.
• the kits may contain the kit components in any of various combinations and/or mixtures.
• the kit contains a package containing the low-dust animal litter of the present invention and a scoop suitable for removing animal waste from the !ovv-dust animal litter,
• the invention provides packages comprising a material suitable for containing a low-dust animal litter of the invention and a label affixed to the package containing a word or words, picture, design, acronym, logan, phrase, or other device, or combination thereof, that indicates that the contents of the package contains a low-dust animal litter of the invention, e. ., information about the low-dust animal litter's enhanced properties, more desirable appearance, and effective malodor control or other physical, functional, or related properties.
• such device comprises the words 'low-dust litter- or "natural ingredients with low-dust properties" or "environmentally friendly litter having low-dust” or “animal litter having low-dust properties or “low-dust” or an equivalent expression printed on the package.
• Any package or packaging material suitable for containing animal litters is useful in the invention, e.g. , a bag, box, bottle, can. pouch, and the like manufactured from paper, plastic, foil, metal, and the like.
• the package further comprises a low-dust animal litter of the invention.
• the invention provides a means for communicating information about or instructions for usin a low-dust animal litter of the invention for one or more of (1 ) managing wastes, e.g., animal waste such as animal urine and feces; (2) keeping environmental dust from the Utter at a minimum, particularly after use; and (3) disposing of the used low-dust animal litter.
• the means comprises a document, digital storage media, optical storage media, audio presentation, or visual display containing the information or instructions.
• the communication means is a displayed website, a visual display kiosk, a brochure, a product label, a package insert, an advertisement, a handout, a public announcement, an audiotape, a videotape, a DVD.
• Useful information includes one or more of (I ) methods and. techniques tor training or adapting an animal to use the litter; (2) functional or other properties of an animal litter of the invention, particularly those relating to minimizing environmental dust from use, e.g., tracking; and (3) contact, information for to use by a consumer or others if there is a question about the litter and its use.
• Useful instructions include methods for cleaning and disposing of the litter. The commumcation means is useful for instructing on the benefits of using the present invention and communicating the approved methods for using the invention for an animal or other purpose.
• sample J A In a DP- 14 Agg!o-miser (manufactured by Mars Mineral, Mars, PA), 2190 g of corncob particles (0.4 - 2.38 mm in size). 270 g of cedar wood particles and 405g of pine wood particles (0.3 - ⁇ 2.38 mm in size) were blended thoroughly for 2 minutes. While the corncob and wood particles were being mixed, 105 g of guar gum powder ( ⁇ 0.15 mm in size) was gradually added into the mix. The entire procedure took less than 5 minutes,
• Sample I B In a DP- 14 Agglo-miser (manufactured by Mars Mineral, Mars, PA>, 2190 g of corncob particles (0.4 ⁇ 2.38 ram in size), 270 g of cedar wood particles and 405g of pine wood particles (0.3 - 2.38 mm in size) were blended thoroughly. While the corncob and wood particles were being mixed, 33 g of 9.1% glycerol solution was sprayed onto the mixture. 105 g of guar gum powder ( ⁇ 0.1 5 mm in size) was gradually added, into the mix. ⁇ . (H)52
• sample 2A n a DP-14 Agglo-miser (manufactured by Mars Mineral, Mars, PA), 2190 g of corncob particles (0.4 - 2.38 mm in size), 270 g of cedar wood particles and 405g of pine wood particles (0.3 - 2.38 mm in size) were blended thoroughly for 2 minutes. While the corncob and wood particles were being mixed, 66 g of 9.1% glycerol solution was sprayed onto the mixture, 105 g of guar gum powder ( ⁇ 0.15 mm in size, was gradually added into the mix. The entire procedure took less than 5 minutes.
• Prepamiion of sample 23 In a DP-14 Agglo-miser (manufactured by Mats Mineral, Mars, PA), 2190 g of corncob particles (0,4 - 238 mm in size), 270 g of " cedar wood particles and 405g of pine wood particles (0.3 - 2.38 mm in size) were blended thoroughly .for 2 minutes. While the corncob and wood particles were being mixed, 120 g of 50% glycerol solution was sprayed onto the mixture. 105 g of guar gum powder ( ' ⁇ 0. 1.5 mm in size) was gradually added into the mix. (0058] Dust measurement of sample 2B: The procedure for the "'Dust measurement of sample 1 A" was repeated for sample 2B, The results are shown in Table 2.
• sample 3 A in a DP-14 Agglo-miser (manufactured by Mars Mineral. Mars, PA), 2130 g of corncob particles (0.4 - 2.38 mm in size) was added and stirred with a meshed metal spatula, While the corncob was being stirred, 1 SOg of 90% glycerol solution was gradually sprayed onto the corncob particles m approximately 2 minutes. While the glycerol coated corncob particles were being stirred, 11.1 g of guar gum powder ( ⁇ 0.15 mm in size) was added into the mix, followed by addition of 270 g cedar wood particles and 405g pine wood particles (0,3 - 2,38 mm in stee). The entire procedure took less than 5 minutes.
• sample 4A In a DP- 14 Agglo-miser (manufactured by Mars Mineral. Mars, PA), 2130 g of corncob particles (0.4 - 2,38 mm in sixe) was added and stirred with a meshed metal spatula. While the corncob was being stirred, 150g of 90% glycerol solution was gradually sprayed onto the corncob particles in approximately 2 minutes.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

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• 2013
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