WO2013179957A1 - 表面形状測定方法および表面形状測定装置 - Google Patents
表面形状測定方法および表面形状測定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013179957A1 WO2013179957A1 PCT/JP2013/064150 JP2013064150W WO2013179957A1 WO 2013179957 A1 WO2013179957 A1 WO 2013179957A1 JP 2013064150 W JP2013064150 W JP 2013064150W WO 2013179957 A1 WO2013179957 A1 WO 2013179957A1
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- displacement data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/22—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring depth
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0608—Height gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface shape measuring method and a surface shape measuring apparatus for measuring a dimension of a groove processed on the surface of an object.
- Patent Document 1 describes a surface shape measurement method for continuously measuring the uneven shape of an object surface on a production line.
- a displacement meter arranged so as to move relative to an object is used to measure the amount of displacement between the displacement meter and the object to obtain a cross-sectional shape.
- the depth (or height) and width of the unevenness are calculated from the acquired cross-sectional shape.
- Patent Document 2 in a surface shape measurement method using an optical displacement meter (laser displacement meter), in addition to a displacement signal (signal of displacement), a reflected light intensity signal (signal of reflection intensity) is disclosed. Describes a technique for measuring the depth and width of a groove based on the above.
- the technique described in Patent Literature 2 is a technique for eliminating the abnormal value of the displacement signal detected at the inclined portion of the groove based on the reflected light intensity signal and measuring the depth and width of the groove.
- the surface shape measurement method described in Patent Document 2 requires a reflected light intensity signal in addition to the displacement signal as information obtained from the optical displacement meter. Therefore, the surface shape measurement method described in Patent Document 2 obtains sufficient reflected light intensity by adjusting an optical displacement meter that does not output a reflected light intensity signal, or adjusting the intensity of the irradiated light and the light receiving gain (photodetector gain). It cannot be applied to the optical displacement meter having the function as described above.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to process disturbances in the displacement data by using only displacement data of the object surface measured by a displacement meter and to remove the disturbance in the displacement data. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface shape measuring method and a surface shape measuring device capable of measuring the dimension of a groove with high accuracy.
- the surface shape measuring method of the present invention scans the object surface with an optical displacement meter that performs measurement by irradiating the object surface with a light beam,
- a displacement data acquisition step of acquiring displacement data of the object surface with respect to a displacement meter;
- a groove approximate range detection step of detecting the approximate range of the object surface including the groove processed on the object surface by searching the displacement data;
- a groove width calculating step for calculating a groove start point and a groove end point of the groove included in the approximate range; and the displacement data limited to a range of a predetermined ratio of the groove width from a central position of the groove start point and the groove end point.
- the surface shape measuring apparatus of the present invention scans the object surface with an optical displacement meter that performs measurement by irradiating the object surface with light, and A displacement data acquisition unit that acquires displacement data of the object surface with respect to a displacement meter; a groove approximate range detection unit that searches the displacement data and detects an approximate range of the object surface including grooves processed on the object surface; A groove width calculation unit for calculating a groove start point and a groove end point of the groove included in the approximate range, and the displacement data limited to a range of a predetermined ratio of the groove width from a central position of the groove start point and the groove end point. And calculating the difference between the minimum value of the displacement data calculated by the deepest position detection means and the height of the object surface as the depth of the groove processed on the object surface. Groove depth calculation Characterized in that it comprises a means.
- the surface shape measuring method and surface shape measuring apparatus uses only the displacement data of the object surface measured by the displacement meter, eliminates the disturbance in the displacement data, and determines the dimension of the groove processed on the object surface. There is an effect that the measurement can be performed with high accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of a surface shape measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating a state of reflection of laser light applied to an inclined portion of a groove processed on a steel plate.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram illustrating a state of reflection of laser light applied to an inclined portion of a groove processed on a steel plate.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing internal processing of the signal processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing displacement data in the groove approximate range extracted by the groove approximate range extraction unit.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an overall flow of the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an overall flow of the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a method for detecting a rough groove range in the surface shape measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A is a conceptual diagram showing a state of groove approximate range detection in the surface shape measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7B is a conceptual diagram showing a state of the groove approximate range detection in the surface shape measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7C is a conceptual diagram showing a state of groove approximate range detection in the surface shape measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a method for calculating the groove width in the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram showing how the groove width is calculated in the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a groove depth calculation method in the surface shape measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11A is a conceptual diagram showing how the groove depth is calculated in the surface shape measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11B is a conceptual diagram showing how the groove depth is calculated in the surface shape measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of a surface shape measuring apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a surface shape measuring apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus that measures the shape of a groove processed on the surface of a steel sheet S conveyed on a production line.
- a surface shape measuring apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a displacement meter head 2, a displacement meter controller 3, a signal processing device 4, a rotary encoder 5, and a display.
- Device 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of a surface shape measuring apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a surface shape measuring apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus that measures the shape of a groove processed on the surface of a steel sheet S conveyed on a production line.
- a surface shape measuring apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a displacement meter head 2, a displacement meter controller 3, a signal processing device 4, a rotary encoder 5, and a display
- the displacement meter head 2 includes a laser light source 21, a condenser lens 22, an optical position sensor 23, and an imaging lens 24 inside. This is a triangulation type displacement meter.
- Laser light 25 emitted from the laser light source 21 is irradiated to the surface of the steel sheet S as spot light or slit light through the condenser lens 22, and reflected light 26 from the steel sheet S forms an image.
- An image is formed on the light receiving surface of the optical position sensor 23 via the lens 24.
- the displacement meter head 2 irradiates the laser beam 25 emitted from the laser light source 21 perpendicularly to the steel sheet S, and the reflected light 26 is formed at a certain angle by the optical position sensor 23. It is the structure which detects.
- the surface shape measuring apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is configured to measure the distance between the surface of the steel sheet S and the displacement meter head 2 by reading the light receiving position of the reflected light 26 in the optical position sensor 23. .
- the displacement meter controller 3 reads the output signal of the optical position sensor 23 while supplying power to the displacement meter head 2 and outputting control signals to the components inside the head. The distance between is calculated. Thereafter, displacement meter controller 3 outputs the distance between the calculated steel sheet S of the surface and the displacement gauge head 2 to the signal processing device 4 as a displacement signal S 1.
- a photodetector such as PSD (Position Sensitive Detector), CCD, or CMOS is used.
- PSD Position Sensitive Detector
- the displacement meter controller 3 calculates (I 1 ⁇ I 2 ) / (I 1 + I 2 ) using the two currents I 1 and I 2 , and obtains the position of the center of gravity where the reflected light 26 is received from this value.
- a CCD or CMOS is used as the optical position sensor 23, since these light receiving elements are arrays of small photodiodes, a received light intensity distribution on the light receiving elements can be obtained. In that case, the displacement meter controller 3 calculates the distance between the surface of the steel sheet S and the displacement meter head 2 based on the barycentric position or peak position of the received light intensity distribution.
- the signal processing device 4 uses the displacement signal S 1 output from the displacement meter controller 3 and the pulse signal S 2 output from the rotary encoder 5 provided on the roller that conveys the steel plate S, to the steel plate S in the entire steel plate S.
- the displacement data is restored, and the shape of the groove processed on the surface of the steel sheet S is calculated from the displacement data.
- the displacement data of the steel sheet S referred to here is data relating to the amount of displacement in the vertical direction on the surface of the steel sheet S. That is, the displacement data of the steel sheet S is data obtained by calculating the difference between the distance between the surface of the steel sheet S and the displacement meter head 2 from a certain reference distance.
- the surface shape measuring apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is illustrated as including only a single displacement gauge head 2 for the sake of space, a plurality of displacement gauge heads 2 are arranged in the width direction of the steel sheet S ( If arranged in the Z direction in the figure, the signal processing device 4 can restore the displacement data in the entire steel sheet S.
- the signal processing device 4 can also restore the displacement data in the entire steel sheet S by configuring the single displacement meter head 2 so as to be able to scan in the width direction (Z direction in the drawing) of the steel sheet S.
- the display device 6 is a device that displays the shape (particularly the groove width and groove depth) of the groove processed on the surface of the steel sheet S calculated by the signal processing device 4.
- the display device 6 is a CRT screen display device, and is used by the operator to determine whether or not the shape of the groove processed on the steel plate S is as specified.
- FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are schematic views expressing the state of reflection of the laser beam 25 irradiated to the inclined portion of the groove processed on the steel sheet S.
- FIG. FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram representing the locus of reflected light 26 by multiple reflection of laser light 25 irradiated to the inclined portion of the groove processed on steel sheet S
- FIG. 2B is the direction of arrow V in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a mechanism in which reflected light 26 by multiple reflection causes the optical position sensor 23 to misrecognize the depth of the groove.
- the laser beam 25 irradiated to the inclined portion of the groove processed on the steel sheet S is reflected only at the inclined portion (position P 1 in the drawing) of the groove 11 and is directed to the optical position sensor 23.
- the position on the optical position sensor 23 is different from the light receiving position (position P 4 in the figure) of the reflected light 26 b reflected by the optical position sensor 23.
- the depth of the groove 11 processed on the steel sheet S may be erroneously recognized.
- the triangulation method when the light receiving position of the optical position sensor 23 is a diagram in position P 2, the position of the height of the steel sheet S (or depth) in the drawing position P 1 recognizes that, the light receiving position in the optical position sensor 23 be a position P 4 in figure position in the height of the steel sheet S (or depth) is recognized as the position P 5 in FIG.
- the signal processing method in the signal processing device 4 is devised to eliminate erroneous recognition due to multiple reflection.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing internal processing of the signal processing device 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the signal processing device 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a displacement data acquisition unit 41, a first filtering unit 42, a groove approximate range detection unit 43, and a groove approximate range.
- An extraction unit 44, a second filter processing unit 45, a groove width calculation unit 46, and a groove depth calculation unit 47 are provided.
- the displacement data acquisition unit 41 receives the displacement signal S 1 from the displacement meter controller 3 and performs A / D conversion (analog-to-digital conversion), and at the same time, every time the steel sheet S travels from the rotary encoder 5 by a certain distance. receiving the pulse signal S 2 that occurs analyzing the traveling speed or traveling position of the steel sheet S is. As a result, the displacement data acquisition unit 41 restores the displacement data Y 0 (X) on the steel plate S from the displacement signal S 1 received from the displacement meter controller 3.
- X means position coordinates in the conveying direction on the steel sheet S
- Y means position coordinates in the height direction of the steel sheet S (see FIG. 1).
- the position coordinate Z of the width direction also exists in the steel plate S, it demonstrates by fixing the position coordinate Z of the width direction to one point in the following description.
- the sample point interval ⁇ X on the steel plate S in the displacement data Y 0 (X) is determined by a constant time interval of A / D conversion and a time interval of the pulse signal S 2 generated by the rotary encoder 5. Interval of the pulse signal S 2 to the rotary encoder 5 is generated, and means the distance where the steel sheet S proceeds during that time interval, the time interval of the A / D conversion, the sample points of the displacement data Y 0 (X) is generated Means the interval. Therefore, the frequency of the pulse signal S 2 included in the time interval of the A / D conversion, determined sample point interval ⁇ X on the steel plate S.
- the first filter processing unit 42 performs a filtering process on the displacement data Y 0 (X) acquired by the displacement data acquisition unit 41 as necessary to generate displacement data Y 1 (X) after the first filter. To do. Since the displacement data Y 0 (X) includes measurement noise due to the roughness of the surface of the steel sheet S, a linear low-pass filter such as a moving average filter (low -pass filter) or median filter. Furthermore, a plurality of filters may be combined.
- the displacement data Y 0 (X) acquired by the displacement data acquisition unit 41 often includes a vibration component having a relatively long period as compared with the groove cross-sectional shape.
- This relatively long-period vibration component is generated due to the fluctuation of the path line of the steel sheet S or the mechanical vibration of the measurement system.
- a high-pass filter can be further combined with the first filter processing unit 42. Note that the filter order (the size of the range in which the average value is calculated in the moving average filter and the size of the range in which the median value is calculated in the median filter) is determined so that the influence range on the steel sheet S is constant. (That is, inversely proportional to the sampling interval ⁇ X). By determining the filter order in this way, the effect of the filter can be kept the same even when the sampling interval ⁇ X is different.
- the groove approximate range detection unit 43 is means for detecting the approximate range of the groove from the displacement data Y 1 (X) filtered by the first filter processing unit 42.
- the approximate range of the groove is a section from a position where the concave shape of the groove starts to fall (fall point: X d ) to a position where the rise is completed (rise point: X u ).
- the groove cross-sectional shape is included.
- the method for detecting the approximate range of the groove performed by the approximate groove range detection unit 43 is performed by analyzing the local change amount of the displacement Y 1 (X) filtered by the first filter processing unit 42. A method of analyzing the local change amount of the displacement Y 1 (X) will be described later in detail with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7A to 7C.
- Dsurf > 0
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the displacement data Y 0 (X) at the position X within the approximate groove range extracted by the approximate groove range extraction unit 44.
- the range from the approximate start point X s to the fall point X d and the rise point X u to the approximate end point X e in the displacement data Y 0 (X) is a groove (rise point from the fall point X d to the rise point).
- X u shows the height of the surface of the original steel sheet S before and after.
- the displacement data Y 0 (X) from which the groove approximate range is extracted by the groove approximate range extraction unit 44 is subjected to the second filter processing by the second filter processing unit 45 (if necessary), and after the second filter. Displacement data Y 2 (X) is generated.
- the second filter processing unit 45 is most preferably a median filter in which the shape is easily preserved at the groove edge portion (the shape is less blunted).
- a linear low-pass filter such as a moving average filter for the second filter processing unit 45.
- the displacement data Y 2 (X) from which noise has been removed in the second filter processing unit 45 is sent to the groove width calculation unit 46, and the groove width calculation unit 46 determines the groove width of the grooves included in the approximate range of the grooves. calculate.
- a method by which the groove width calculation unit 46 calculates the groove width of the groove will be described later with reference to FIGS.
- the displacement data Y 2 (X) from which noise has been removed in the second filter processing unit 45 is sent to the groove depth calculation unit 47, and the groove depth calculation unit 47 includes the groove depth included in the approximate range of the grooves. Is calculated.
- the groove depth calculation unit 47 acquires information on the start point X ms and the end point X me of the groove calculated by the groove width calculation unit 46.
- the groove depth calculation unit 47 can acquire information on the surface height Y surf of the steel sheet S calculated by the groove width calculation unit 46, or can directly calculate the displacement data Y 2 (X).
- the groove depth calculation unit 47 does not acquire the information of the groove start point X ms and end point X me calculated by the groove width calculation unit 46, but the start point of the groove approximate range detected by the groove approximate range detection unit 43.
- a similar function can be achieved by acquiring information on Xd and end point Xu . The method by which the groove depth calculation unit 47 calculates the groove depth will be described later with reference to FIGS. 10 to 11B.
- the groove width W and the groove depth D of the groove of the steel sheet S are calculated by the groove width calculator 46 and the groove depth calculator 47, the groove width W and the groove depth D are displayed on the display device 6. .
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the overall flow of the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention is roughly divided into a displacement data acquisition step (step STP1), a groove approximate range detection step (step STP2), and a groove width calculation step. (Step STP3) and a groove depth calculation step (Step STP4).
- step STP1 is a normal process as a premise of the surface shape measurement method, hereinafter
- step STP4 the groove depth calculation step
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a method for detecting a groove approximate range in the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 7A to 7C show a groove approximate range detection in the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a groove width calculation method in the surface shape measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9 shows a groove width calculation state in the surface shape measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a method for calculating the groove depth in the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are groove depths in the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the mode of calculation.
- step STP2 the groove approximate range detection step
- the groove approximate range detection unit 43 searches for a falling point (step S ⁇ b> 1), and further rises. Is searched (step S2).
- step S1 and step S2 the falling point and rising point of the shape indicating the groove approximate range are determined as follows according to the local change amount of the displacement data Y 1 (X).
- the groove approximate range detection unit 43 searches for a falling point from one of the displacement data Y 1 (X) (for example, the conveyance direction of the steel sheet S) (section S D in the figure). ),
- the difference between the displacement data Y 1 at a position advanced by a certain distance (D diff (where D diff > 0)) from the current search position (X) is equal to or less than a predetermined value ( ⁇ Y diff (where Y diff > 0)) determining a position falling point X d to be (in the figure the position P 6).
- the groove approximate range detection unit 43 starts searching for a rising point from the position where the falling point is detected (section S U in the figure).
- the groove approximate range detection unit 43 searches for two points separated by a certain distance D diff and passes X (position P 7 in the figure) that satisfies the following (Expression 2), and then calculates the following (Expression 3).
- the groove approximate range detection unit 43 has a single falling point X d and rising point X u searched as described above. Whether or not both sides of one groove are shown is determined by a two-stage determination condition.
- the groove approximate range detection unit 43 determines whether the falling point Xd and the rising point Xu are within a predetermined distance (step S3). That is, the grooves schematic range detection unit 43, if the predetermined distance set to D w, determines that the following (Equation 4) is satisfied.
- Equation 4 X u ⁇ X d ⁇ D w (Formula 4)
- step S3 When the condition of the above (Equation 4) is not satisfied (step S3: No), the groove approximate range detection unit 43 returns the search position by a predetermined distance D W from the rising point X u (that is, the search position is X u ⁇ D). w )), the process starts again from the search for the falling point in step S1 (step S4).
- FIG. 7B is an example in which the detection position of the falling point is corrected by the first determination.
- a convex shape may be observed in the displacement data Y 1 (X) as shown in FIG. 7B. Possible causes of the convex shape include the case where there are irregularities other than minute dust or grooves on the surface of the steel sheet S, or the inclusion of noise in the displacement signal of the laser displacement meter.
- a convex shape exists in the displacement data Y 1 (X)
- a falling point is detected at the convex portion as in the position P 10 in the figure (section S D in the figure).
- the groove approximate range detection unit 43 searches for a rising point (section S U in the drawing)
- the position P 11 in the drawing is detected as a rising point corresponding to the position P 10 in the drawing.
- the following processing is performed to eliminate erroneous determination when the displacement data Y 1 (X) has a convex shape. That is, in the first determination, the distance between the detected falling point X d and rising point X u is equal to or is smaller than a predetermined value D w.
- the predetermined value Dw is a set value set from the width of the groove processed in the steel sheet S.
- the distance between the falling point X d (position P 10 in the figure) and the rising point X u (position P 11 in the figure) is a predetermined value D. Greater than w . Therefore, it is determined that the erroneous detection in the drawing position P 10, the groove schematic range detection unit 43, from the drawing position P 12 returned from the rising point X u (in the drawing position P 11) by the predetermined value D w, The falling point is searched again (section S ′ D in the figure). Then, in the drawing the position P 13 to be detected originally forming the rising point X u (in the drawing position P 11) and the pair is detected as a falling point (in the drawing section S 'U).
- the groove schematic range detection unit 43 a second determination, the difference between the displacement amount at the falling point X d and rising point X u is given It is determined whether it is within the value (step S5). That is, the grooves schematic range detector 43, the displacement difference to be acceptable Y a, it is judged whether or not the condition of the following (Equation 5).
- FIG. 7C is an example in which the detection position of the rising point is corrected by the second determination.
- an abnormal shape deeper than the bottom of the groove is observed in the displacement data Y 1 (X) due to the secondary reflection phenomenon of the laser beam 25 on the inclined surface of the groove as shown in FIG.
- displacement data Y 1 (X) after the falling point is detected at the position P 14 in the drawing (section S D in the drawing), the rising point is in the drawing immediately after the abnormal shape portion due to the abnormal shape. It is erroneously detected at the position P 15 (in the drawing section S U).
- the grooves schematic range detection unit 43 compares the difference between the value of the displacement data Y 1 (X) at the falling point and the rising point and the allowable value Y a, in the detection rising point erroneous It is determined whether or not there is. Then, in the example of FIG. 7C, since the difference between the values of the displacement data Y 1 (X) at the falling point and the rising point is D 1 in the figure, the position P 15 in the figure detected as the rising point. Is a false detection.
- the groove approximate range detection unit 43 restarts the search for the rising point again from the position P 16 (X u ⁇ D diff ) in the figure, and the rising point corresponding to the position P 14 in the figure that is the falling point is shown in the figure. it is possible to detect the position P 17 (in the drawing section S 'U).
- step S5 when the condition of the above (Formula 5) is satisfied (step S5: Yes), the groove approximate range detection unit 43 sets the falling point Xd and the rising point Xu as the groove approximate range as the groove approximate range extraction unit 44. (Step S6).
- the groove approximate range detection step (step STP2) can ensure that the rising point and the falling point correctly indicate the approximate existence range of a single groove by the two-stage determination conditions. .
- the groove width calculation unit 46 first calculates the surface height Y surf near the groove (step S7). ).
- the groove vicinity referred to here is a range from the approximate start point X s to the falling point X d and from the rising point X u to the approximate end point X e , and the groove width calculation unit 46 includes the second post-filter displacement data Y 2. The average value of these ranges is calculated for (X) to determine the surface height Y surf of the steel sheet S.
- the groove width calculation unit 46 calculates an edge detection threshold Y thr for detecting the edge of the groove on the basis of the surface height Y surf of the steel sheet S (step S8). That is, the groove width calculation unit 46 calculates the edge detection threshold Y thr for determining the position where the depth is a predetermined amount from the surface height Y surf as the groove start point and the groove end point.
- the groove width calculating unit 46 after searching the deepest position (minimum value) between the Y 2 falling point in (X) X d and rising point X u (step S9), and on both sides from the deepest position
- the groove start point X ms and the end point X me are searched (step S10). That is, the groove width calculation unit 46 detects the groove start point X ms as a position exceeding the threshold Y thr only after searching from the deepest position toward the falling point (see FIG. 9). Similarly, the groove width calculation unit 46 detects the groove end point X me as a position exceeding the threshold Y thr only after searching from the deepest position toward the rising point (see FIG. 9).
- the groove depth calculation unit 47 uses the groove start point X ms and the groove end point X me as the center of the groove. calculating the section W R (step S12). Specifically, the groove depth calculation unit 47 calculates the center position between the groove start point X ms and the groove end point X me, and a range of a width of a predetermined ratio R with respect to the groove width W from the center position (that is, W ⁇ R). ) is calculated as the central portion W R of the groove.
- the groove depth calculating unit 47 calculates the minimum value of the second post-filter displacement data Y 2 (X) within this limited range (step S14).
- the groove depth calculation unit 47 calculates the surface height Y surf near the groove (step S15). However, since the groove width calculation unit 46 has already calculated the surface height Y surf near the groove, the groove depth calculation unit 47 can use the surface height Y surf near the groove.
- the groove depth calculation unit 47 calculates the distance from the surface height Y surf near the groove to the minimum value of the second post-filter displacement data Y 2 (X) within the limited range calculated in step S14. Is calculated to calculate the depth D of the groove (step S16).
- the groove depth calculation unit 47 calculates the groove depth D, so that not only the displacement data is not abnormal as shown in FIG. 11A but also an abnormality in the inclined portion of the groove as shown in FIG. 11B. Even when a value is generated, it is possible to accurately measure the groove depth without being influenced by the value.
- the ratio of the search section width to the groove width W may be set to a size that can avoid an abnormal value at the groove inclined portion. For example, the width is preferably about 30% to 10% with respect to the groove width W.
- the displacement data since the grooves are continuously processed at regular intervals, the displacement data usually includes a plurality of groove cross-sectional shapes.
- the surface shape measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to such an example, a series of further detecting and measuring the next groove shape portion from the detected groove rising point X u or groove end point X ms . By repeatedly applying the steps, it is possible to continuously measure a large number of groove shapes included in the displacement data.
- the surface of the steel plate S is scanned by the displacement meter head 2 that irradiates the steel plate S with light and performs triangulation, and the steel plate S with respect to the displacement meter head 2 is scanned.
- the surface shape measuring method and the surface shape measuring device according to the present invention are useful for measuring the dimension of the groove processed on the surface of the object.
- SYMBOLS 1 Surface shape measuring device 2 Displacement meter head 3 Displacement meter controller 4 Signal processing device 5 Rotary encoder 6 Display apparatus 11 Groove 21 Laser light source 22 Condensing lens 23 Optical position sensor 24 Imaging lens 25 Laser light 26 Reflected light 41 Displacement data acquisition Unit 42 First filter processing unit 43 Groove approximate range detection unit 44 Groove approximate range extraction unit 45 Second filter processing unit 46 Groove width calculation unit 47 Groove depth calculation unit
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施形態にかかる表面形状測定装置1の構成例を示す概略図である。本発明の実施形態にかかる表面形状測定装置1は、製造ライン上を搬送される鋼板Sの表面に加工された溝の形状を測定する装置である。図1に示されるように、本発明の実施形態にかかる表面形状測定装置1は、変位計ヘッド2と、変位計コントローラ3と、信号処理装置4と、ロータリエンコーダ(rotary encoder)5と、表示装置6とを備える。
図3は、本発明の実施形態にかかる信号処理装置4の内部処理を示す機能ブロック図である。図3に示されるように、本発明の実施形態にかかる信号処理装置4は、変位データ取得部41と、第1フィルタ処理(filtering)部42と、溝概略範囲検出部43と、溝概略範囲抽出部44と、第2フィルタ処理部45と、溝幅算出部46と、溝深さ算出部47とを備える。
次に、図5から図11Bを参照しながら、本発明の実施形態にかかる表面形状測定方法について説明する。
Y1(X+Ddiff)-Y1(X)≦-Ydiff (数式1)
Y1(X+Ddiff)-Y1(X)≧Ydiff (数式2)
Y1(X+Ddiff)-Y1(X)<Ydiff (数式3)
Xu-Xd≦Dw (数式4)
|Y1(Xu)-Y1(Xd)|<Ya (数式5)
2 変位計ヘッド
3 変位計コントローラ
4 信号処理装置
5 ロータリエンコーダ
6 表示装置
11 溝
21 レーザ光源
22 集光レンズ
23 光ポジションセンサ
24 結像レンズ
25 レーザ光
26 反射光
41 変位データ取得部
42 第1フィルタ処理部
43 溝概略範囲検出部
44 溝概略範囲抽出部
45 第2フィルタ処理部
46 溝幅算出部
47 溝深さ算出部
Claims (10)
- 物体表面に光線を照射して測定を行う光学式変位計により前記物体表面を走査して、前記光学式変位計に対する前記物体表面の変位データを取得する変位データ取得ステップと、
前記変位データを探索して前記物体表面に加工された溝を含む物体表面の概略範囲を検出する溝概略範囲検出ステップと、
前記概略範囲に含まれる前記溝の溝始点および溝終点を算出する溝幅算出ステップと、
前記溝始点と前記溝終点の中央位置から前記溝幅の所定割合の幅の範囲に限定した前記変位データの最小値を算出する最深位置検出ステップと、
前記最深位置検出ステップで算出された前記変位データの最小値と前記物体表面の高さとの差を前記物体表面に加工された溝の深さとして算出する溝深さ算出ステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする表面形状測定方法。 - 前記溝幅算出ステップは、
前記概略範囲の外側近傍における前記変位データから前記物体表面の高さを算出する表面高さ算出ステップと、
前記物体表面の高さを基準にして前記物体表面に加工された溝の端部検出用閾値を設定する閾値設定ステップと、
前記概略範囲における前記変位データの最小値となる位置から、前記走査方向の前側および後側に探索して、前記変位データの値が前記端部検出用閾値を初めて超える位置を前記溝の溝始点および溝終点として検出する端部検出ステップと、
前記溝の溝始点および溝終点の間の距離を前記物体表面に加工された溝の幅として算出する差算出ステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表面形状測定方法。 - 前記溝概略範囲検出ステップは、
前記変位データの走査方向より探索して前記変位データの局所的変化量が所定値を下回り始める位置を前記概略範囲の始点として検出する始点検出ステップと、
前記概略範囲の始点より続けて探索して、前記変位データの局所的変化量が所定値を上回り終わる位置を前記概略範囲の終点として検出する終点検出ステップと、
前記概略範囲の始点と前記概略範囲の終点との間の距離が所定距離以内にあるか否かを判定する第1判定ステップと、
前記概略範囲の始点と前記概略範囲の終点における前記変位データの値の差が所定範囲内であるか否かを判定する第2判定ステップと、
前記第1判定ステップと前記第2判定ステップとにおいて真判定となったときのみ前記概略範囲の始点と前記概略範囲の終点を真判定とする判別ステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の表面形状測定方法。 - 溝概略範囲検出ステップは、
前記変位データに第1のフィルタ処理を施した後に、前記物体表面に加工された溝を含む物体表面の概略範囲を検出することを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の表面形状測定方法。 - 前記第1のフィルタ処理は、線形フィルタ若しくはメディアンフィルタ、またはそれらの組合せであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の表面形状測定方法。
- 前記溝幅算出ステップおよび前記溝深さ算出ステップは、
前記変位データに第2のフィルタ処理を施した後に、前記溝の溝始点および溝終点の算出および前記溝の深さの算出を行うことを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の表面形状測定方法。 - 前記第2のフィルタ処理は、線形フィルタ若しくはメディアンフィルタ、またはそれらの組合せであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の表面形状測定方法。
- 物体表面に光線を照射して測定を行う光学式変位計により前記物体表面を走査して、前記光学式変位計に対する前記物体表面の変位データを取得する変位データ取得部と、
前記変位データを探索して前記物体表面に加工された溝を含む物体表面の概略範囲を検出する溝概略範囲検出部と、
前記概略範囲に含まれる前記溝の溝始点および溝終点を算出する溝幅算出部と、
前記溝始点と前記溝終点の中央位置から前記溝幅の所定割合の幅の範囲に限定した前記変位データの最小値を算出する最深位置検出手段と、
前記最深位置検出手段で算出された前記変位データの最小値と前記物体表面の高さとの差を前記物体表面に加工された溝の深さとして算出する溝深さ算出手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする表面形状測定装置。 - 前記溝幅算出部は、
前記概略範囲の外側近傍における前記変位データから前記物体表面の高さを算出する表面高さ算出手段と、
前記物体表面の高さを基準にして前記物体表面に加工された溝の端部検出用閾値を設定する閾値設定手段と、
前記概略範囲における前記変位データの最小値となる位置から、前記走査方向の前側および後側に探索して、前記変位データの値が前記端部検出用閾値を初めて超える位置を前記溝の溝始点および溝終点として検出する端部検出手段と、
前記溝の溝始点および溝終点の間の距離を前記物体表面に加工された溝の幅として算出する差算出手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の表面形状測定装置。 - 前記溝概略範囲検出部は、
前記変位データの走査方向より探索して前記変位データの局所的変化量が所定値を下回り始める位置を前記概略範囲の始点として検出する始点検出手段と、
前記概略範囲の始点より続けて探索して、前記変位データの局所的変化量が所定値を上回り終わる位置を前記概略範囲の終点として検出する終点検出手段と、
前記概略範囲の始点と前記概略範囲の終点との間の距離が所定距離以内にあるか否かを判定する第1判定手段と、
前記概略範囲の始点と前記概略範囲の終点における前記変位データの値の差が所定範囲内であるか否かを判定する第2判定手段と、
前記第1判定手段と前記第2判定手段とにおいて真判定となったときのみ前記概略範囲の始点と前記概略範囲の終点を真判定とする判別手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項8または請求項9に記載の表面形状測定装置。
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