WO2013179771A1 - Dispositif convertisseur et dispositif d'entraînement de moteur utilisant celui-ci - Google Patents

Dispositif convertisseur et dispositif d'entraînement de moteur utilisant celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013179771A1
WO2013179771A1 PCT/JP2013/060577 JP2013060577W WO2013179771A1 WO 2013179771 A1 WO2013179771 A1 WO 2013179771A1 JP 2013060577 W JP2013060577 W JP 2013060577W WO 2013179771 A1 WO2013179771 A1 WO 2013179771A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
voltage
power supply
converter device
circuit
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Application number
PCT/JP2013/060577
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
能登原　保夫
安藤　達夫
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日立アプライアンス株式会社
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Publication of WO2013179771A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013179771A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4216—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a converter device and a motor drive device using the same, and more particularly, to a motor drive device that drives a permanent magnet synchronous motor at variable speeds, performs rectification operation of a three-phase AC power supply and boost operation of DC voltage. It relates to control of the circuit.
  • a permanent magnet synchronous motor (hereinafter referred to as a motor) has high efficiency characteristics as compared to an induction motor, and thus the application range is expanding from home appliances to industrial equipment or electric vehicle fields.
  • Low-speed design of the motor is a means of high efficiency (especially low and medium speed range) by the motor drive, but when low speed design of the motor, the induced voltage generated in high speed range Because of the increase, it is difficult to achieve high-speed driving, and there is a concern that the efficiency is significantly reduced.
  • a boost chopper circuit is added to the rectifier circuit to perform high-speed switching operation, thereby boosting the DC voltage and increasing the circuit loss.
  • Patent document 1 is proposed as a means to solve this subject.
  • Patent Document 1 changes the DC voltage by switching between full-wave rectification and voltage doubler rectification by adding a bidirectional switch, a diode and a capacitor to a three-phase rectifier circuit.
  • Patent Document 2 adds three bidirectional switch circuits that short-circuit a power supply via a reactor to a three-phase rectifier circuit, and operates each bidirectional switch according to the phase of the power supply voltage to A scheme for suppressing harmonics is described.
  • the switching loss does not increase since the present system can change the DC voltage without using the switching operation.
  • the method of switching between full wave rectification and voltage doubler rectification only two values of the full wave rectification voltage and the voltage doubler rectification voltage are selected as the DC voltage value. In other words, the DC voltage can not be freely varied.
  • a diode is added to each phase in the three-phase rectifier circuit, an additional loss of the added diode occurs at the time of full-wave rectification.
  • the short circuit operation is performed once or a plurality of times in the power supply half cycle before and after the phase where the voltages of the adjacent phases of the power supply voltages coincide with each other. It is.
  • there is a limit in boosting DC voltage and boosting up to a voltage doubler rectified voltage can not be performed as in Patent Document 1.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not have a rectifier circuit capable of freely controlling a wide voltage change from a full-wave rectified voltage to a voltage doubler rectified voltage, and are applied to a motor drive device that drives a variable speed at high speed in a wide range. It is not enough for
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a rectifier circuit system capable of freely controlling a wide range of voltage change from full-wave rectified voltage to voltage doubler rectified voltage in a rectifier circuit of three-phase AC power supply, from the currently proposed system
  • Another goal is to make it possible to achieve both higher efficiency and wider drive.
  • the present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above problems, one example is “a three-phase diode bridge connected to a three-phase AC power supply, and a DC side and a load side of the three-phase diode bridge A converter comprising: a smoothing capacitor provided in series and connected in series; and detecting means for detecting a voltage phase of the three-phase AC power supply, wherein the converter converts the AC voltage of the three-phase AC power supply into a DC voltage.
  • Switch means provided between the alternating current side of the three-phase diode bridge and the middle point of the series connected smoothing capacitors, for performing switching for each phase of the three-phase AC power supply, and controlling the switch means
  • a control unit which causes the phase to conduct during a period in which the voltage of any phase of the three-phase alternating current power supply detected by the detection means is maximum or minimum. And wherein the "controlling the switching means so that.
  • a wide voltage change from a full-wave rectified voltage to a voltage doubled rectified voltage can be freely controlled, and it is possible to achieve higher efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a motor drive device according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a switch circuit configuration diagram of Example 1;
  • FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of conduction timing of the switch circuit of the first embodiment. It is a simulation waveform at the time of the switch circuit stop (full wave rectification operation) of Example 1.
  • FIG. It is a simulation waveform at the time of the switch circuit operation
  • movement (conduction width change example 1) of Example 1.
  • FIG. It is a simulation waveform at the time of the switch circuit operation
  • FIG. 7 is a switch circuit configuration diagram 1 of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a switch circuit configuration diagram 2 of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of conduction timing of the switch circuit of the second embodiment. It is a simulation waveform at the time of the switch circuit operation
  • FIG. FIG. 16 is an operation explanatory diagram 1 of the motor drive device according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is an operation explanatory diagram 2 of the motor drive device according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a motor drive device according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a three-phase AC reactor 2, a three-phase diode bridge circuit 3, and a DC side of the three-phase diode bridge circuit 3 and an inverter circuit 5 for driving the motor 6, which are connected to the three-phase AC power supply 1.
  • a smoothing capacitor 4 connected in series, a bidirectional switch circuit 9 corresponding to each phase provided between the AC side of the three-phase diode bridge circuit 3 and the middle point of the smoothing capacitor 4 connected in series;
  • Voltage phase detection means 8 for detecting voltage phase of three-phase AC power supply 1
  • current detection means 7 for detecting direct current flowing in the inverter circuit 5, control for controlling the inverter circuit 5 and the bidirectional switch circuit 9
  • the motor drive device of the present embodiment converts the AC voltage of the three-phase AC power supply into DC voltage.
  • the apparatus includes an apparatus, and an inverter apparatus that converts the DC voltage into a desired AC voltage and supplies the AC voltage to the motor.
  • the motor 6 is a permanent magnet synchronous motor
  • the inverter circuit 5 is a circuit composed of a semiconductor element that generates an arbitrary AC voltage according to the PWM signal 10A from the control circuit 10 to drive the motor 6.
  • the voltage phase detection means 8 is composed of voltage dividing resistors, and inputs the voltage detection values (Vrn, Vsn, Vtn) of the three-phase AC power supply to the control circuit 10.
  • the control circuit 10 includes a semiconductor arithmetic element and a semiconductor circuit (analog circuit and digital circuit), and calculates the voltage phase of the three-phase AC power supply 1 from the voltage detection values (Vrn, Vsn, Vtn) of the three-phase AC power supply. And motor control means for controlling the motor 6 using the inverter circuit 5 and rectifier circuit control means for controlling the bidirectional switch circuit 9.
  • the motor control means is a control method for performing position sensorless and motor current sensorless vector control of the motor 6 based on the current information from the current detection means 7, and the details are described in Non-Patent Document 1.
  • the motor and the motor control method are not limited.
  • the motor 6 can be an induction motor, a synchronous reluctance motor, a switched reluctance motor, or the like, and a control method that matches the motor control method can also be applied.
  • the sensorless control is shown and described as an example in the present embodiment, the presence or absence of the sensor is not limited.
  • the configuration of the bidirectional switch circuit 9 is shown in FIG.
  • This circuit comprises single-phase diode bridge circuits (91A, 91B, 91C) and switch elements (92A, 92B, 92C).
  • switch elements 92A, 92B, 92C
  • the terminal Pr (Ps) , Pt) and the terminal Pc have a circuit configuration in which bidirectional current flows.
  • Gr, Gs, Gt indicate gate signals (see FIG. 3) of the switch elements (92A, 92B, 92C).
  • FIG. 3 shows the power supply voltage waveform (phase voltage) and the conduction timing (gate signal) of the bidirectional switch circuit 9.
  • at least one bidirectional switch circuit 9 connected to the phase is conducted in a period in which the voltage of each phase of the three-phase AC power supply 1 is maximum or minimum. This is a method of controlling a DC voltage between a full wave rectified voltage and a voltage doubler rectified voltage.
  • the switch element 92A of the switch circuit 90A connected to the R phase is made conductive (gate signal Gr on) in a period from point A to point B where the R phase voltage of the three phase AC power supply 1 is maximum. . Then, the power supply current flows from the R phase to the S and T phases. Therefore, the smoothing capacitor of the low potential side of the smoothing capacitor 4 connected in series is charged from the R phase through the bidirectional switch 90A, and the three-phase diode bridge circuit A current flows back to the power supply through 3.
  • the switch element 92A of the switch circuit 90A connected to the R phase is made conductive (gate signal Gr on) in a period from point C to point D where the R phase voltage of the three phase AC power supply 1 is minimum. Then, since the power supply current flows from the S and T phases to the R phase, the smoothing capacitor on the high potential side of the smoothing capacitor 4 connected in series from the S and T phases through the three-phase diode bridge circuit 3 is charged. A current flows back to the power supply through the switch 90A.
  • the converter device of the present embodiment is provided between the midpoints of the smoothing capacitors 4 connected in series with the AC side of the three-phase diode bridge 3 so that each phase of the three-phase AC power supply 1 becomes conductive.
  • a control circuit 10 for controlling the bidirectional switch circuit 9 (switch means). Then, the control circuit 10 (control unit) performs bidirectional operation so that the phase becomes conductive in a period in which the voltage of any phase of the three-phase AC power supply 1 detected by the voltage phase detection means 8 is maximum or minimum.
  • the switch circuit 9 switch means
  • voltage doubler rectification can be performed.
  • FIG. 3 describes the voltage doubler rectification operation
  • a DC voltage control means may be added to detect a DC voltage and adjust the conduction time with a proportional / integral controller or the like.
  • FIG. 4 to FIG. 4 shows the state in which the operation of the bidirectional switch circuit 9 is stopped (full-wave rectification state)
  • FIG. 5 shows the state in which the bidirectional switch circuit 9 is operated as shown in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 7 show a state in which the conduction time of the bidirectional switch circuit 9 is shorter than the time shown in FIG.
  • the power supply voltage was 200 V, and 30 A was flowing as a direct current as a load.
  • the conduction time of each phase of the bidirectional switch circuit 9 is changed and controlled to control the voltage across the smoothing capacitor 4 from the full wave rectified voltage to the voltage doubled rectified voltage. Control of DC voltage is possible.
  • a rectifier circuit capable of freely controlling a wide voltage change from a full-wave rectified voltage to a voltage doubler rectified voltage can be realized in the rectifier circuit of three-phase AC power supply. .
  • the conduction timing of the bidirectional switch circuit 9 has been described focusing on the peak of the voltage of the three-phase AC power supply 1, but the conduction timing is not limited to this phase. .
  • the conduction timing (phase) of the bidirectional switch circuit 9 may be changed according to the load or the magnitude of the power supply current.
  • the conduction time of the bidirectional switch circuit 9 can also be divided into a plurality of pulses.
  • the present embodiment is a method for reducing the loss of the bidirectional switch circuit 9 described in the first embodiment.
  • the overall circuit configuration and the like are the same as in the first embodiment, so the description and the like will be omitted.
  • FIG. 8 and 9 show the circuit configuration of the bidirectional switch circuit 9 of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is composed of switch elements (95A1, 95A2, 95B1, 95B2, 95C1, 95C2) and diodes (94A1, 94A2, 94B1, 94B2, 94C1, 94C2), and two switch elements (for example, 95A1, 95A2) Perform one operation with.
  • the same operation as the switch element (for example, 92A) of FIG. 2 is performed by two switch elements (for example, 95A1 and 95A2).
  • FIG. 9 is a configuration in which the diodes (94A1, 94A2, 94B1, 94B2, 94C1, 94C2) of FIG. 8 are deleted, and an operation capable of maintaining the reverse withstand voltage of the switch elements (95A1, 95A2, 95B1, 95B2, 95C1, 95C2) Under the conditions, the configuration of FIG. 9 is applicable.
  • the number of semiconductors through which current flows can be reduced as compared with the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 2, and the conduction loss of the bidirectional switch circuit can be reduced.
  • the number of semiconductors conducting is three (two diodes and one switch element).
  • the number of conducting semiconductors is two (one diode, one switch element).
  • the number of conducting semiconductors is one (one switching element), and the conduction loss of the semiconductors can be reduced.
  • FIG. 10 shows a power supply voltage waveform and a gate signal as in FIG. The difference from FIG. 3 is that there are six gate signals.
  • the switch element 95A1 of the switch circuit 93A (or 96A) connected to the R phase is conductive (gate signal Grp in the period from point A to point B where the R phase voltage of the three phase AC power supply 1 is maximum). Turn on. Then, since the power supply current flows from the R phase to the S and T phases, the smoothing capacitor on the low potential side of the smoothing capacitor 4 connected in series is passed from the R phase through the switch element 95A1 of the switch circuit 93A (or 96A). A current flows through the three-phase diode bridge circuit 3 and returns to the power supply.
  • the switch element 95A2 of the switch circuit 93A (or 96A) connected to the R phase in the period from the point C to the point D where the R phase voltage of the three phase AC power supply 1 becomes minimum is conducted (gate signal Grn on ). Then, since the power supply current flows from the S and T phases to the R phase, the smoothing capacitor on the high potential side of the smoothing capacitor 4 connected in series from the S and T phases via the three phase diode bridge circuit 3 is charged, A current flows back to the power supply through the switch element 95A2 of the switch circuit 93A (or 96A). Thus, the same operation as in the first embodiment can be performed.
  • FIG. 11 shows the same operation simulation result as FIG. FIG. 11 is a result of the state (double voltage rectification state) in which the bidirectional switch circuit 9 is operated as shown in FIG.
  • the power supply voltage and load conditions are the same as in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 11 have similar DC voltage and power supply current waveforms.
  • control circuit 10 controls the low potential side of the smoothing capacitor 4 connected in series while the voltage of the three-phase AC power supply 1 detected by the voltage phase detection means 8 is high.
  • Control the bi-directional switch circuit 9 to charge the smoothing capacitor, and charge the smoothing capacitor on the high potential side of the smoothing capacitor 4 connected in series while the power supply voltage of the three-phase AC power supply 1 is low.
  • the conduction loss of the bidirectional switch circuit can be reduced by using the configuration of the bidirectional switch circuit of FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 and the conduction timing shown in FIG.
  • the circuit size and cost can also be reduced.
  • FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 show the change image of the overall efficiency of the motor drive including the motor rotation speed or load on the horizontal axis and the DC voltage and motor on the vertical axis.
  • the overall efficiency is shown when the motor is driven with a full-wave rectified voltage (switch circuit stopped state) (solid line) and when the DC voltage is changed (switch circuit operating state) and the motor is driven (dotted line) .
  • FIG. 12 is an operation explanatory diagram in the case of controlling the DC voltage by adjusting the conduction time of the bidirectional switch circuit 9 as described in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a conduction time of the bidirectional switch circuit 9. It is operation
  • the motor can be driven without using field weakening control, so efficient driving is possible (the efficiency of the dotted line is obtained).
  • this circuit does not perform boosting by high-speed switching operation like a step-up chopper circuit, the switching loss is small, and the overall efficiency can be improved even compared to a system using a step-up chopper circuit.
  • the DC voltage does not exceed the voltage doubler rectification voltage, but when the two phases are conducted simultaneously, further It is possible to raise the DC voltage.
  • the power supply current waveform is a waveform including many harmonics.
  • FIG. 13 the conduction time is not changed as shown in FIG. 12, but switching between full-wave rectification operation (bidirectional switch circuit operation stop) and voltage doubler rectification operation (bidirectional switch circuit operation) under predetermined load conditions An example is shown.
  • this method since there is no control of the conduction time, control of the DC voltage can not be performed, but the control configuration can be simplified. Therefore, it is good to apply to the application (for example, a refrigerator etc.) which usually drives with a light load mainly and needs high load start-up.
  • the loss of the bidirectional switch circuit can be reduced by devising the conduction timing of the switch element.
  • the motor drive device to which the rectifier circuit (converter device) of these embodiments is applied is applied to the drive of a ferrite motor employing a ferrite magnet, it is particularly effective for the following reasons. Ferrite motors have less magnetic flux than motors using neodymium magnets, so it is necessary to wind more windings, but doing so increases the L component of the windings and narrows the drive range in the high-speed high-load region Problems arise.
  • the 1 to 3 rectifier circuits (converter devices) to the motor drive device, the voltage can be boosted by the rectifier circuits (converter devices). It becomes possible to secure a drive range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un circuit redresseur qui est destiné à un bloc d'alimentation en courant alternatif triphasé, qui est pourvu d'un système de circuit redresseur qui est en mesure de contrôler librement variation de tension de différents types allant de la tension dans le redressement à double alternance à la tension dans le redressement à multiplication de tension, et avec lequel il est possible d'obtenir à la fois une amélioration supplémentaire de l'efficacité et une plage d'entraînement plus expansive, par rapport aux systèmes classiques. Un dispositif convertisseur selon la présente invention est équipé : d'un moyen de commutation qui est prévu entre le côté courant alternatif d'un pont de diode triphasé et le point milieu entre des condensateurs de lissage qui sont connectés en série, et qui effectue une commutation de manière à activer chaque phase du bloc d'alimentation en courant alternatif triphasé ; et d'un organe de commande permettant de contrôler le moyen de commutation. L'organe de commande contrôle le moyen de commutation de sorte qu'une phase du bloc d'alimentation triphasé est activée pour une durée pendant laquelle ladite phase est pourvue de la tension la plus élevée ou de la tension la plus faible, ladite tension étant détectée par un moyen de détection.
PCT/JP2013/060577 2012-05-28 2013-04-08 Dispositif convertisseur et dispositif d'entraînement de moteur utilisant celui-ci WO2013179771A1 (fr)

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JP2012120375A JP5923386B2 (ja) 2012-05-28 2012-05-28 コンバータ装置及び、これを用いたモータ駆動装置
JP2012-120375 2012-05-28

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2884652A1 (fr) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-17 LG Electronics Inc. Dispositif d'entraînement par moteur et climatiseur comprenant celui-ci
CN110336458A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-10-15 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 谐波治理电路、具有该电路的电源和空调器
JP2020031507A (ja) * 2018-08-24 2020-02-27 株式会社日立産機システム 電力変換装置及び、これを用いたインバータ装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113796005B (zh) * 2019-05-17 2024-02-13 三菱电机株式会社 马达驱动装置

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH048175A (ja) * 1990-04-24 1992-01-13 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 電源装置
JP2004166359A (ja) * 2002-11-12 2004-06-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 高調波抑制回路

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH048175A (ja) * 1990-04-24 1992-01-13 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 電源装置
JP2004166359A (ja) * 2002-11-12 2004-06-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 高調波抑制回路

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2884652A1 (fr) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-17 LG Electronics Inc. Dispositif d'entraînement par moteur et climatiseur comprenant celui-ci
KR20150067655A (ko) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-18 엘지전자 주식회사 모터 구동장치 및 이를 구비하는 공기조화기
US9793787B2 (en) 2013-12-10 2017-10-17 Lg Electronics Inc. Motor driving device and air conditioner including the same
KR102135083B1 (ko) * 2013-12-10 2020-07-17 엘지전자 주식회사 모터 구동장치 및 이를 구비하는 공기조화기
JP2020031507A (ja) * 2018-08-24 2020-02-27 株式会社日立産機システム 電力変換装置及び、これを用いたインバータ装置
CN110336458A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-10-15 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 谐波治理电路、具有该电路的电源和空调器

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