WO2013179417A1 - 3枚刃ドリル - Google Patents
3枚刃ドリル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013179417A1 WO2013179417A1 PCT/JP2012/063952 JP2012063952W WO2013179417A1 WO 2013179417 A1 WO2013179417 A1 WO 2013179417A1 JP 2012063952 W JP2012063952 W JP 2012063952W WO 2013179417 A1 WO2013179417 A1 WO 2013179417A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- drill
- curve
- concave
- curvature
- convex
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/02—Twist drills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
- B23B2251/08—Side or plan views of cutting edges
- B23B2251/082—Curved cutting edges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
- B23B2251/14—Configuration of the cutting part, i.e. the main cutting edges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
- B23B2251/20—Number of cutting edges
- B23B2251/202—Three cutting edges
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
- Y10T408/909—Having peripherally spaced cutting edges
- Y10T408/9095—Having peripherally spaced cutting edges with axially extending relief channel
- Y10T408/9097—Spiral channel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a three-blade drill, and more particularly to a technique for further improving the tool life by suppressing chip clogging by curving chips and cutting them into short shapes.
- a cutting edge is provided at the tip in the axial direction and a chip discharge groove is provided in the axial direction. By rotating around the shaft center, cutting is performed with the cutting edge at the tip and cutting chips are passed through the chip discharge groove.
- Discharging drills are often used as drilling tools.
- a type of such a drill has been proposed in which a three-flute drill is provided with three chip discharge grooves and three cutting edges at the tip.
- the drill described in Patent Document 1 is an example thereof, and a convex curved cutting edge portion that forms a convex curved shape that is convex in the drill rotation direction is provided on the outer peripheral end side of the cutting edge, and this convex curved cutting edge portion.
- a concave curved cutting edge portion having a concave curved shape that is recessed in the direction opposite to the drill rotation direction is provided on the inner circumferential side, and the convex curved cutting edge portion and the concave curved cutting edge portion are smoothly connected. ing.
- the crossing angle between the cutting edge and the margin of the outer periphery of the drill body is made obtuse, the strength is increased, chipping and chipping are suppressed, and the chips cut by the cutting edge Since the curl is curled so as to be wound around the inner peripheral side by the convex curved cutting edge portion without being divided at the inner and outer periphery of the cutting edge, the chips are discharged smoothly and the durability of the tool is enhanced.
- the present invention has been made in the background of the above circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to suppress chip clogging in a three-blade drill by curling the chips and dividing them into short shapes. It is to further improve the tool life.
- the first invention provides (a) three chip discharge grooves provided in the axial direction so as to open at the tip of the punch, and (b) punching of the chip discharge grooves.
- the first convex curve corresponding to the convex curvilinear cutting edge part and the first concave curve corresponding to the concave curvilinear cutting edge part intersect each other at an intersection point A in a cross section perpendicular to the axis.
- the second invention is the three-blade drill of the first invention, with respect to a reference line K connecting the axis O and the outer peripheral point B where the outer periphery of the drill intersects the first convex curve in the cross section perpendicular to the axis.
- the recess amount LF of the first concave curve is characterized by being in the range of 0.01D to 0.05D with respect to the drill blade diameter D.
- the dent amount LF is a separation distance of a portion where the first concave curve is farthest from the reference line K. “ ⁇ ” means a numerical range including both the lower limit value and the upper limit value.
- the rake chamfering width LW which is the distance between the point B and the drill blade diameter D, is in the range of 0.005D to 0.06D.
- the rake angle ⁇ which is an angle between the reference line K and the first convex curve at the outer peripheral point B is negative in the cross section perpendicular to the axis. It is characterized by being.
- the core thickness CD is in a range of 0.15D to 0.50D with respect to the drill blade diameter D. .
- the inner wall surface of the chip discharge groove opposite to the drill rotation direction in the cutting section is perpendicular to the axis perpendicular to the axis.
- the second concave curve formed on the inner peripheral side and the second convex curve formed on the outer peripheral side continuously to the second concave curve, and the second convex curve reaches the heel. It is characterized by being.
- a seventh invention is the three-edged drill of the sixth invention, wherein, in the cross section perpendicular to the axis, the radius of curvature of the first convex curve is R1, the radius of curvature of the first concave curve is R2, and the curvature of the second concave curve
- R1 0.02D to 0.4D
- R2 0.10D to 0.45D
- R3 0.10D to 0.45D
- R4 0.3D to 1.2D (4)
- the relationship between the radius of curvature R2 of the first concave curve and the radius of curvature R3 of the second concave curve satisfies the following formula (5): And 0.5 ⁇ R3 / R2 ⁇ 1.1 (5)
- the three cutting edges at the tip each have a concave curved cutting edge portion on the inner peripheral side and a convex curved cutting edge portion on the outer peripheral side, and are arranged on the axis O of the drill.
- the first convex curve corresponding to the convex curvilinear cutting edge and the first concave curve corresponding to the concave curvilinear cutting edge intersect each other at an intersection A in a cross section perpendicular to the axis.
- the first convex curve that is, the range of the convex curved cutting edge portion can be reduced, and the first concave curve, that is, the concave curved cutting edge portion can be provided on the outer peripheral side, and the amount of depression of the first concave curve can be provided.
- the chips generated by the cutting edge are appropriately curled at the first concave curve portion of the chip discharge groove and easily broken, and a relatively short curled shape without needle-like protrusions. Chips are discharged smoothly and chip discharge performance is improved, and even in a 3-flute drill with a relatively small chip discharge groove width and cross-sectional area, chip clogging is suppressed and tool life is further increased. improves.
- the dent amount LF of the first concave curve with respect to the reference line K connecting the outer peripheral point B of the first convex curve and the axis O is within the range of 0.01D to 0.05D, chips are removed. It is properly curled and broken to a curl shape with a relatively short overall length, which is more smoothly discharged, reducing chip clogging, improving durability and reducing the thrust load during drilling. Is done.
- the dent amount LF of the first concave curve is less than 0.01D, the flank wear width is increased and the durability performance is impaired.
- it exceeds 0.05D the outer peripheral corner portion of the cutting edge tends to be lost.
- the rake chamfer width LW in the cross section perpendicular to the axis is in the range of 0.005D to 0.06D, the chips are appropriately curled and broken at the first concave curve portion, and the total length is relatively long.
- the curl shape is short, and it is discharged more smoothly, clogging of chips is suppressed, durability is improved, and the thrust load during drilling is reduced.
- the rake chamfering width LW is less than 0.005D, the outer peripheral corner portion of the cutting edge tends to be lost, while if it exceeds 0.06D, the flank wear width becomes large and the durability performance is impaired.
- the rake angle ⁇ at the outer peripheral point B is negative, the strength of the outer peripheral corner portion of the cutting edge corresponding to the outer peripheral point B is increased, the chipping is suppressed, and the durability of the drill is improved.
- the core thickness CD is in the range of 0.15D to 0.50D, the chip discharge performance and the bending strength of the drill are appropriately secured, and the durability performance of the drill is further enhanced.
- the core thickness CD is less than 0.15D, the bending strength is lowered and the drill is easily broken.
- it exceeds 0.50D the chip discharge performance is impaired and the drill is easily broken due to clogging. Become.
- the chip is the chip discharge groove.
- the inside is smoothly discharged, chip clogging is suppressed, durability is improved, and thrust load during drilling is reduced.
- the second convex curve reaches the heel, the opening edge of the C-shaped to U-shaped cross section of the chip discharge groove, that is, the heel and the leading, together with the first convex curve on the leading edge side.
- the corners constituting the edge are reinforced by the first convex curve and the second convex curve, respectively, so that the corners are prevented from being broken and the durability of the drill is enhanced.
- the radius of curvature of the first convex curve is R1
- the radius of curvature of the first concave curve is R2
- the radius of curvature of the second concave curve is R3, and the radius of curvature of the second convex curve is R4.
- R1 is in the range of 0.02D to 0.4D
- the radius of curvature R2 is in the range of 0.10D to 0.45D
- the radius of curvature R3 is in the range of 0.10D to 0.45D
- the radius of curvature R4 is 0.3D. Because it is within the range of -1.2D, the chips are properly curled and broken to a curl shape with a relatively short overall length, and the chips are smoothly discharged into the chips discharge groove. Clogging is suppressed, durability performance is improved, and thrust load during drilling is reduced.
- the ratio R3 / R2 of the radius of curvature R3 to R2 is in the range of 0.5 to 1.1, the cross-sectional area of the chip discharge groove is increased within a range in which the rigidity of the drill is ensured. Therefore, chip discharge performance can be increased. If R3 / R2 is less than 0.5, the cross-sectional area of the chip discharge groove becomes too small and chip clogging is likely to occur. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.1, the rigidity of the drill decreases and breaks easily.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a cross section perpendicular to the axis O of the three-blade drill of FIG. 1, and is an enlarged view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view for explaining in detail a connection shape between a first convex curve and a first concave curve on the leading edge side in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 1 It is the figure which illustrated the material of the work material used for drilling by the 3 blade drill of the Example of FIG. It is the figure which compared and showed the curvature radius of each part of the groove
- FIG. It is an axis perpendicular cross section which shows the cross-sectional shape of the comparative product used in the cutting test 1.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the test result of the cutting test. In the cutting test 1, it is a photograph which shows the chip shape which generate
- the cutting test 1 it is a photograph which shows the chip shape which generate
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a comparison of dimensions of each part of the groove cross-sectional shape of 12 types of test products No. 1 to No. 12 used in the cutting test 3. It is a figure explaining the test result of the cutting test. It is a figure which illustrates specifically the defect
- the three chip discharge grooves are provided at equal angular intervals (120 ° intervals) around the axis O, and twisted grooves twisted around the axis O at a predetermined twist angle are appropriate.
- the twist angle of the chip discharge groove is preferably in the range of about 10 ° to 50 °, for example.
- the cutting edge has a convex curvilinear cutting edge on the outer peripheral side and a concave curvilinear cutting edge on the inner peripheral side.
- the axial center side cutting edge portion is provided by thinning such as mold thinning.
- the three-blade drill of the present invention is made of a hard tool material such as cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel, and the groove portion provided with the chip discharge groove has an inner wall surface of the groove and an outer peripheral surface of the drill.
- a hard film such as TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, and DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon).
- an oil hole (oil hole) that opens to the flank at the tip is provided in a spiral shape through a drill that is substantially parallel to the chip discharge groove, so that cutting oil or air can be supplied to the cutting site as required. It is desirable to make it.
- the first convex curve and the first concave curve intersect each other at the intersection A, but this does not coincide with each other at the intersection A so as to contact at the circumscribed circle, but the two tangents intersect at a predetermined angle. Means that Therefore, at the intersection A, a ridge is formed at the boundary between the two, but the ridge can be rounded as necessary.
- the rake angle ⁇ at the outer peripheral point B is negative.
- the rake angle ⁇ is too large, the cutting resistance and thrust resistance increase and the sharpness deteriorates.
- 0 °> ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 30 ° A range of about is appropriate.
- the rake angle ⁇ may be 0 ° or positive.
- the outer peripheral point B is a leading edge where the chip discharge groove and the margin intersect.
- the first convex curve, the first concave curve, the second concave curve, and the second convex curve are all formed with a predetermined radius of curvature R1, R2, R3, R4.
- Each of the convex curves is an arc having a constant radius, but the curvature may continuously change within the range of the curvature radii R1, R2, R3, and R4.
- each concave curve and convex curve are arcs with a constant radius, and in the cross section perpendicular to the axis, the arc is deformed according to the twist angle. Even if you are. It is desirable that the first concave curve, the second concave curve, and the second convex curve are smoothly connected (tangential connection) to each other.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a three-blade drill 10 (hereinafter simply referred to as a drill 10) according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a front view seen from a direction perpendicular to the axis O.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the distal end portion of the drill 10 where the cutting edge 12 is provided.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged front end view of the drill 10 as viewed from the front end side.
- 4 is a view showing a cross section perpendicular to the axis O and orthogonal to the axis O, and is an enlarged view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.
- the drill 10 is a three-blade twist drill and is integrally provided with a shank portion 14 and a groove portion 16 concentrically in the axial direction.
- the groove portion 16 is formed with three chip discharge grooves 18 twisted clockwise around the axis O at a predetermined twist angle (for example, about 30 °), and a margin along the chip discharge groove 18. 20 is provided.
- the chip discharge groove 18 is opened in a C-shape at the tapered tip of the drill 10, and the side of the opening edge of the chip discharge groove 18 facing the rotation direction of the drill 10 (the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 3). Each is provided with a cutting edge 12.
- the drill 10 is made of cemented carbide, and includes a tip end portion provided with a cutting edge 12 and the like and a surface of the groove portion 16 provided with the chip discharge groove 18 including a groove inner wall surface of the chip discharge groove 18. TiAlN alloy hard coating is coated.
- the margin 20 is provided along the leading edge 26 which is the front edge in the drill rotation direction of the land 24 divided by the chip discharge groove 18.
- the outer peripheral surface of the drill 10 is composed of an outer peripheral surface of the margin 20 and a second picking surface 28 provided with a constant diameter dimension following the margin 20.
- the outer diameter of the margin 20 is substantially the same as the drill blade diameter (outer diameter of the cutting edge 12) D at the tip of the drill 10, but is directed from the tip of the drill 10 toward the shank portion 14 by a predetermined back taper. The diameter is gradually made smaller.
- the cutting edge 12 includes a convex curved cutting edge portion 12a formed on the outer peripheral side portion of the tip opening of the chip discharge groove 18 and a concave curved cutting edge portion 12b formed on the inner peripheral side portion. ing.
- a first flank 32 and a second flank 34 are provided behind the three cutting edges 12 on the tapered tip end surface of the drill 10 in the rotational direction.
- the second flank 34 is provided with an oil hole 22 provided in a spiral shape through the drill 10 substantially parallel to the chip discharge groove 18, and a cutting oil or air is supplied as necessary. It can be supplied to the cutting site.
- the axial center side portion that is, the core thickness portion of the cutting edge 12 is subjected to R-type thinning, and the R-shaped axial center side cutting edge portion 12c that is smoothly curved in the bottom view of FIG. It is provided so as to be smoothly connected to the blade portion 12b.
- the chip discharge groove 18 is ground using a plurality of kinds of groove grinding wheels, and the groove cross-sectional shape is asymmetric.
- the inner wall surface of the chip discharge groove 18 has a C-shape, and the inner wall surface on the side facing the drill rotation direction (leading edge 26 side) is A first convex curve CL1 having a constant curvature radius R1 corresponding to the convex curved cutting edge portion 12a, and a first concave curve CL2 having a constant curvature radius R2 corresponding to the concave curved cutting edge portion 12b. It is formed so as to cross each other.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view for explaining in detail the connection shape between the first convex curve CL1 and the first concave curve CL2, and the arcs of the curvature radii R1 and R2 intersect at the intersection A at a predetermined intersection angle.
- the inner wall surface of the chip discharge groove 18 opposite to the drill rotation direction has a constant radius of curvature R3 and a first concave curve CL2.
- the second concave curve CL3 connected smoothly and the second convex curve CL4 having a constant radius of curvature R4 and smoothly connected to the second concave curve CL3.
- the first convex curve CL1 corresponding to the convex curved cutting edge portion 12a is a convex surface having a radius of curvature R1 projecting in the rotation direction, and therefore, compared to a case where a flat chamfer is simply provided.
- deletion of the outer periphery corner part (connection part with the leading edge 26) of the blade 12 is raised further.
- the boundary portion between the two indicated by the intersection A is indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. A slight ridge line 30 is formed. Since the chips generated by the cutting edge 12 are curled along the arcuate inner wall surface formed by the first concave curve CL2, the intersection A is obtained in order to obtain a curled chip having a short overall length. It is desirable to be located on the outer peripheral side as much as possible.
- the drill 10 of the present embodiment has a reference that connects the outer peripheral point B where the outer peripheral surface of the drill 10 intersects the first convex curve CL1 and the axis O that is the center point of the drill.
- the dent amount LF of the first concave curve CL2 with respect to the line K is set within the range of 0.01D to 0.05D (where D is the drill blade diameter).
- the chip generated by the concave curved cutting edge portion 12b corresponding to the first concave curve CL2 and the inner wall surface formed by the first concave curve CL2 has a total length of the concave amount LF. Since the curl shape is relatively short and is preferably discharged through the chip discharge groove 18 to suppress chip clogging, the durability performance of the drill 10 is improved and the thrust load during cutting is reduced. .
- the drill 10 of the present embodiment has an intersection E between a straight line perpendicular to the reference line K passing through the intersection A between the first convex curve CL1 and the first concave curve CL2 and the reference line K.
- the rake chamfering width LW which is the radial distance between the outer peripheral point B and the outer peripheral point B, is set in the range of 0.005D to 0.06D (where D is the drill blade diameter).
- the drill 10 of the present embodiment has a rake angle ⁇ (see FIG. 5) that is an angle between the reference line K and the first convex curve CL1 at the outer peripheral point B set to be negative.
- ⁇ an angle between the reference line K and the first convex curve CL1 at the outer peripheral point B set to be negative.
- the strength of the outer peripheral corner portion of the cutting edge 12 corresponding to the vicinity of the outer peripheral point B is increased.
- the drill 10 of this embodiment is set to a core thickness CD of 0.15D to 0.50D (where D is the diameter of the drill blade), and the chip discharge groove 18 is formed while ensuring the bending strength.
- the cross-sectional area is made as large as possible.
- the core thickness CD is the web thickness (groove bottom diameter) at the tip of the drill, and the web thickness may be constant in the axial direction, but the taper becomes larger or smaller in diameter toward the shank portion 14 side. Can also be provided.
- the drill 10 of the present embodiment has an inner wall surface opposite to the rotation direction of the chip discharge groove 18, a second concave curve CL ⁇ b> 3 formed on the inner peripheral side, and its first
- the second convex curve CL4 is continuously formed on the outer peripheral side so as to be smoothly connected to the two concave curve CL3, and the second convex curve CL4 reaches the heel 38 of the land 24. Is provided.
- the heel 38 portion of the land 24 is reinforced by the second convex curve CL4.
- the drill 10 of the present embodiment has the curvature radius R1 of the first convex curve CL1, the curvature radius R2 of the first concave curve CL2, the curvature radius R3 of the second concave curve CL3,
- the curvature radius R4 of the convex curve CL4 is in the range of R1: 0.02D to 0.4D, R2: 0.10D to 0.45D, R3: 0.10D to 0.45D, R4: 0.3D to 1.2D.
- Each of which is a circular arc with a fixed radius.
- the relationship between the radius of curvature R2 of the first concave curve CL2 and the radius of curvature R3 of the second concave curve CL3 is in the range of 0.5 ⁇ R3 / R2 ⁇ 1.1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram exemplifying the material of a work material that can be drilled using the drill 10 of the present embodiment, and “ ⁇ ” is the most suitable material for drilling with the drill 10. In addition, “ ⁇ ” marks are materials suitable for drilling with the drill 10.
- the application conditions are cutting speed: 30 to 200 (m / min), feed amount per rotation: 0.01D to 0.2D (mm / rev).
- This cutting test 1 is performed using a hook blade type drill corresponding to the drill 10 according to the present invention as shown in FIG. 7 and a straight blade type drill (comparative product) with a straight cutting edge. Drilling was performed under the cutting test conditions shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, in the straight blade type drill, the cutting edge 50 in the opening portion of the chip discharge groove is substantially linear in the front end view.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the test results of the cutting test 1, that is, the number of drilled holes that can be drilled using each drill. From this result, in the drilling process using the comparative straight blade type drill, the drill broke at about 1500 holes, whereas in the drilling process using the hook blade type drill of the present invention, more than 3000 holes were drilled. Drilling was possible and the tool life was more than doubled.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram (photograph) showing a chip shape by a hook blade type drill
- FIG. 12 is a diagram (photograph) showing a chip shape by a straight blade type drill.
- the chip shape by the straight blade type drill is less curled and has a needle-like protrusion
- the chip shape by the hook blade type drill is a needle-like shape as the curl progresses. Protrusions are not formed, and it is considered that a relatively high chip discharge performance can be obtained because the projection is not formed and is cut into small pieces to shorten the overall length.
- the cutting test 2 includes a product according to the present invention in which the first convex curve CL ⁇ b> 1 and the first concave curve CL ⁇ b> 2 intersect each other, and the first convex curve CL ⁇ b> 1.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the test results of the cutting test 2, that is, the number of drilled holes that can be drilled using each drill. From this result, while drilling using the comparative product was impossible due to chipping with about 700 holes due to chipping, the drilling using the product of the present invention can drill more than 1500 holes. The tool life was more than twice.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram (photograph) showing a chip shape of the product of the present invention
- FIG. 18 is a diagram (photograph) showing a chip shape of the comparative product.
- both the curls are formed in the same way, but the chip shape according to the present invention is not formed with needle-like projections and is broken small and the total length is short,
- the chip shape of the comparative product is formed with needle-like protrusions and the overall length is relatively long, and it is presumed that the discharge performance is relatively low and chip clogging is likely to occur. It is done.
- Test products No. 1 to No. 3 are suitable products that satisfy all of the ranges specified in claims 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8.
- Test products No. 4 to No. 12 are squares. This is a case where the item enclosed by is outside the range defined in claim 2, 3, 5, 7, or 8.
- a minus “ ⁇ ” in the column of the recess amount LF in FIG. 19 means that the maximum recess point of the first recess curve CL2 protrudes from the reference line K.
- Tool material Cemented carbide, Total length: 190 mm, Groove length: 130 mm, Drill blade diameter: 10 mm, Tip angle: 140 ° ⁇ Processing conditions>
- Work material SS400 (rolled steel for general structure according to JIS regulations), processing depth: 100 mm (through hole), cutting speed: 100 m / min, feed rate: 0.45 mm / rev, step: none, cutting oil: Water-soluble coolant (drill internal lubrication), coolant pressure: 3MPa
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the results of investigating the chip shape, thrust load, and durability of the above test products No. 1 to No. 12 mm.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates an excellent result
- “ ⁇ ” indicates a slightly undesirable result compared to “ ⁇ ”
- “X” indicates an undesirable result.
- corner chipping” in the column of durability performance in FIG. 20 means that chipping of the outer peripheral corner portion of the cutting edge 12 shown in FIG. 21 is the cause of life
- “large wear” is shown in FIG.
- the fact that the flank wear of the cutting edge 12 exceeds the allowable limit means that the life is the cause
- “breakage” means that the drill breakage shown in FIG. 23 is the cause of the life.
- FIG. 21 to FIG. 23 are examples of a two-blade drill as described in “JIS B 0171”.
- the breakage due to the clogging of the test sample No. 4 and the test product No. 11 is caused by a decrease in discharge performance derived from the fact that the cross-sectional area of the chip discharge groove 18 is too small. That is, in the test product No. 4, the radius ratio R3 / R2 is set to an excessively small value of 0.42, and the radius of curvature R3 is relatively smaller than the radius of curvature R2.
- the breakage due to insufficient tool rigidity of the test product No. 5 and test product No. 10 mm is considered to be caused by insufficient drill cross-sectional area. That is, in the test product No. 5, the radius ratio R3 / R2 is set to an excessively large value of 1.15, and the radius of curvature R3 is relatively larger than the radius of curvature R2, so that the drill sectional area is too small. Since the core thickness CD of the test product No. 10 mm is too small such as 0.13D, it is estimated that the drill cross-sectional area is too small.
- test products No. 6 to No. 8 and No. 12 are considered to be due to insufficient strength or rigidity of the outer peripheral corners of the cutting edge 12. That is, the test product No. 6 has a rake chamfer width LW of 0.003D which is too small and a curvature radius R1 of the first convex curve CL1 is too small of 0.018D. It is thought that sufficient strength is not obtained.
- the test product No. 6 has a rake chamfer width LW of 0.003D which is too small and a curvature radius R1 of the first convex curve CL1 is too small of 0.018D. It is thought that sufficient strength is not obtained.
- LW rake chamfer width
- the radius ratio R3 / R2 is an excessively large value of 1.62, in other words, the radius of curvature R2 is a relatively small value, and the amount of depression of the first concave curve CL2 having the radius of curvature R2 Since LF is a value that is too large such as 0.06D, it is considered that the strength of the corner portion is not sufficiently obtained.
- LF is a value that is too large such as 0.06D, it is considered that the strength of the corner portion is not sufficiently obtained.
- the radius of curvature R1 of the first convex curve CL1 is set to an excessively large value of 0.42D, the rotational direction of the convex curved cutting edge portion 12a corresponding to the first convex curve CL1 is increased.
- Test product No. 12 has a radius of curvature R2 of 0.09D which is too small, and the amount of depression LF of the first concave curve CL2 having the radius of curvature R2 of 0.06D is too large. Therefore, it is considered that the corner portion is easily damaged.
- the cutting efficiency is low and the thrust load for maintaining a predetermined feed amount (0.45 mm / rev) is increased. That is, in the test product No. 9, the dent amount LF of the first concave curve CL2 having the radius of curvature R2 is set to a negative value of ⁇ 0.01D, and the radius ratio R3 / R2 is set to a too small value of 0.4.
- the radius of curvature R2 is set to a value that is about twice as large as the radius of curvature R3, the radius of curvature R2 is set to a large value of 0.52D, and the rake chamfer width LW is too large of 0.09D. Therefore, it is considered that the cutting edge 12 having a larger curvature radius R2 on the rotational direction side than the reference line K has poor sharpness and a relatively small cutting amount, and the thrust load is increased accordingly.
- the dent amount LF of the first concave curve CL2 is 0.01D to In the range of 0.05D
- the rake chamfer width LW is in the range of 0.005D to 0.06D
- the core thickness CD is in the range of 0.15D to 0.50D
- the curvature radius R1 of the first convex curve CL1 is 0.00.
- the radius of curvature R2 of the first concave curve CL2 within the range of 02D to 0.4D is within the range of 0.10D to 0.45D
- the curvature radius ratio R3 / R2 of the first concave curve CL2 and the second concave curve CL3 is It is desirable to be within the range of 0.5 to 1.1.
- the three cutting edges 12 at the tip each have the convex curved cutting edge portion 12a on the outer peripheral side and the concave curved cutting edge portion 12b on the inner peripheral side. And a first convex curve CL1 corresponding to the convex curved cutting edge portion 12a and a first corresponding to the concave curved cutting edge portion 12b in a cross section perpendicular to the axis O.
- the concave curve CL2 intersects each other at the intersection A, the first convex curve CL1, that is, the range of the convex curved cutting edge portion 12a is reduced, and the first concave curve CL2, that is, the concave curved cutting edge portion 12b is surrounded by the outer periphery. While being able to enlarge and provide to the side, the dent amount LF of the 1st concave curve CL2 can be enlarged. As a result, the chips generated by the cutting edge 12 are appropriately curled at the first concave curve CL2 portion of the chip discharge groove 18 and easily broken, and have a relatively short curled shape without needle-like projections.
- the chips are discharged smoothly, the chip discharging performance is improved, and chip clogging is suppressed even in the three-blade drill 10 having a relatively small groove width and cross-sectional area of the chip discharging groove 18.
- the tool life is further improved.
- the dent amount LF of the first concave curve CL2 is less than 0.01D, the flank wear width of the drill 10 is increased and the durability performance is impaired.
- the dent amount LF exceeds 0.05D, the outer periphery of the cutting edge 12 Missing corners are likely to occur.
- the rake chamfering width LW in the cross section perpendicular to the axis is small in the range of 0.005D to 0.06D, so that the chips are appropriately curled at the first concave curve CL2 portion. At the same time, it is cut into a curl shape with a comparatively short overall length, which is more smoothly discharged, and clogging of chips is suppressed, durability performance is improved and thrust load during drilling is reduced.
- the rake chamfering width LW is less than 0.005D, the outer peripheral corner portion of the cutting edge 12 is likely to be lost, while when it exceeds 0.06D, the flank wear width is increased and the durability performance is impaired.
- the drill 10 of the present embodiment since the rake angle ⁇ at the outer peripheral point B is negative, the strength of the outer peripheral corner portion of the cutting edge 12 corresponding to the outer peripheral point B is increased, and the chipping is suppressed. The durability performance of the drill 10 is improved.
- the core thickness CD is in the range of 0.15D to 0.50D, the chip discharging performance and the bending strength of the drill 10 are appropriately ensured. The durability performance of the is further improved.
- the core thickness CD is less than 0.15D, the bending strength is reduced and the drill 10 is easily broken.
- the core thickness CD is more than 0.50D, the chip discharging performance is impaired and the drill 10 is broken due to chip clogging. It tends to occur.
- the inner wall surface opposite to the drill rotation direction in the cross section perpendicular to the axis is configured by the second concave curve CL3 on the inner peripheral side and the second convex curve CL4 on the outer peripheral side. Therefore, the chips are smoothly discharged into the chip discharge groove 18 to suppress chip clogging, and the durability performance is improved and the thrust load during drilling is reduced.
- the second convex curve CL4 reaches the heel 38, the opening edge of the C-shaped to U-shaped cross section of the chip discharge groove 18 together with the first convex curve CL1 on the leading edge 26 side. That is, the corners constituting the leading edge 26 and the heel 38 are reinforced by the first convex curve CL1 and the second convex curve CL4, respectively, and the corners are prevented from being broken, and the durability of the drill 10 is increased. It is done.
- the radius of curvature of the first convex curve CL1 is R1
- the radius of curvature of the first concave curve CL2 is R2
- the radius of curvature of the second concave curve CL3 is R3, and the second convex curve CL4.
- the radius of curvature is R4
- the radius of curvature R1 is in the range of 0.02D to 0.4D
- the radius of curvature R2 is in the range of 0.10D to 0.45D
- the radius of curvature R3 is 0.10D to 0.45D.
- the radius of curvature R4 is in the range of 0.3D to 1.2D, so that the chips are appropriately curled and broken to form a curl shape having a relatively short overall length, and the inside of the chip discharge groove 18 Is smoothly discharged, clogging of chips is suppressed, durability performance is improved, and thrust load during drilling is reduced.
- the curvature radius R1 is less than 0.02D or exceeds 0.4D, the outer peripheral corner portion of the cutting edge 12 is likely to be damaged.
- the radius of curvature R2 is less than 0.10D, the outer peripheral corner portion of the cutting edge 12 is likely to be damaged, and if it exceeds 0.45D, the thrust load increases and wear increases.
- the chip is discharged within the range in which the rigidity of the drill 10 is ensured. It is possible to increase the chip discharge performance by increasing the cross-sectional area of the groove 18. If the radius ratio R3 / R2 is less than 0.5, the cross-sectional area of the chip discharge groove 18 becomes too small and chip clogging is likely to occur, whereas if it exceeds 1.1, the cross-sectional area of the drill 10 becomes too small. As a result, the rigidity decreases and breaks easily.
- the first convex curve CL1 and the first concave curve CL2 intersecting at the intersection A are arcs having constant curvature radii R1 and R2, respectively, but the radius is not necessarily constant. It does not have to be an arc.
- the chip discharge groove 18 twisted around the axis O at a predetermined twist angle (for example, about 30 °) is formed.
- a twist drill that is twisted counterclockwise around the axis O
- a straight-edged drill in which the chip discharge groove 18 is parallel to the axis O
- a double margin drill with two lands on one land. It can be applied to a 3-blade drill.
- three oil holes 22 are vertically provided in the direction of the axis O, and the oil holes 22 are provided as necessary depending on the material of the work material. It may be provided. Further, the margin 20 is not necessarily provided.
- the inner wall surface of the inner wall surface of the chip discharge groove 18 that is opposite to the rotation direction in the cross section orthogonal to the axis O is formed on the inner circumferential side. It is composed of a concave curve CL3 and a second convex curve CL4 formed on the outer peripheral side continuously to the second concave curve CL3, so that the second convex curve CL4 reaches the heel 38 of the land 24.
- the second convex curve CL4 is for reinforcing the heel 38 of the land 24, and therefore may not necessarily be a curve or may be omitted depending on the material.
- the second concave curve CL3 is not so much involved in the formation of the chip curl, but may be of a degree that a gap is formed between the second concave curve CL3 and the curvature radius R3. It can be changed as long as it does not affect the discharge of chips.
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Abstract
Description
R1:0.02D~0.4D ・・・(1)
R2:0.10D~0.45D ・・・(2)
R3:0.10D~0.45D ・・・(3)
R4:0.3D~1.2D ・・・(4)
0.5≦R3/R2≦1.1 ・・・(5)
図1は、本発明の一実施例である3枚刃ドリル10(以下、単にドリル10という)を示す概略図であって、軸心Oに対して直角な方向から見た正面図である。図2は、そのドリル10の切れ刃12が設けられた先端部を拡大して示す拡大図である。図3は、ドリル10を先端側から見て拡大して示す先端面図である。図4は、軸心Oに対して直交する軸直角断面を示す図で、図1におけるIV-IV視断面の拡大図である。
次に、本発明者等が行なった切削試験1を説明する。この切削試験1は、図7に示すように本発明品である上記ドリル10に対応するフック刃型ドリルと、切れ刃が直線とされたストレート刃型ドリル(比較品)とを用いて、以下に示す切削試験条件で穴明け加工を行った。ストレート刃型ドリルは、図8に示すように先端面図において切り屑排出溝の開口部分における切れ刃50が略直線状を成すものである。
<フック刃型ドリル>
工具材質:超硬合金、全長:106mm、溝長:50mm、ドリル刃径:10mm、先端角:140°、切り屑排出溝の形状:R1=0.13D、R2=0.28D、R3=0.23D、R4=0.62D、凹み量LF:0.023D、すくい面取り幅LW:0.03D
<ストレート刃型ドリル>
工具材質:超硬合金、全長:106mm、溝長:50mm、ドリル刃径:10mm、先端角:140°、切り屑排出溝の形状:R2=1.45D、R3=0.39D、R4=0.46D、ドリル形状:図8の先端面図および図9の断面図で示されるもの。
<加工条件>
被削材:S25C(JISの規定による機械構造用炭素鋼)、加工深さ:30mm(止まり穴) 、切削速度:63m/min、送り量:0.4mm/rev、ステップ:無し、切削油:水溶性クーラント(外部給油) 、クーラント圧:3MPa
切削試験2は、図13に示すように前記実施例のドリル10と同様に第1凸曲線CL1と第1凹曲線CL2とが相互に交差している本発明品と、第1凸曲線CL1と第1凹曲線CL2とが相互に滑らかに接続されている比較品とを用いて、以下に示す切削試験条件で穴明け加工を行った。
<本発明品>
工具材質:超硬合金、全長:140mm、溝長:90mm、ドリル刃径:8mm、先端角:140°、切り屑排出溝の形状:R1=1.00mm(0.125D)、R2=2.00mm(0.25D)、凹み量LF:0.02D、すくい面取り幅LW:0.04D、ドリル形状:図14の断面図に示す通りで、第1凸曲線CL1と第1凹曲線CL2とが相互に交差している。
<比較品>
工具材質:超硬合金、全長:140mm、溝長:90mm、ドリル刃径:8mm、先端角:140°、切り屑排出溝の形状:R1=1.00mm(0.125D)、R2=2.00mm(0.25D)、凹み量LF:0.003D、すくい面取り幅LW:0.10D、ドリル形状:図15の断面図に示す通りで、第1凸曲線CL1と第1凹曲線CL2とが滑らかに接している。
<加工条件>
被削材:SCM440(JISの規定によるクロムモリブデン鋼)、加工深さ:64mm(貫通穴) 、切削速度:80m/min、送り量:0.28mm/rev、ステップ:無し、切削油:水溶性クーラント(ドリル内部給油) 、クーラント圧:3MPa
切削試験3は、図19に示すように切り屑排出溝の溝断面形状が異なる12種類の試験品No.1~No.12 を用意し、それ等の試験品No.1~No.12 を用いて、以下に示す切削試験条件で穴明け加工を行った。試験品No.1~No.3は、請求項2、3、5、7、および8で規定した範囲を何れも満足する好適品で、試験品No.4~No.12 は、数値を四角で囲った項目が請求項2、3、5、7、または8で規定した範囲から外れている場合である。なお、図19の凹み量LFの欄のマイナス「-」は、第1凹曲線CL2の最大凹み点が基準線Kよりも突き出していることを意味する。
<試験品>
工具材質:超硬合金、全長:190mm、溝長:130mm、ドリル刃径:10mm、先端角:140°
<加工条件>
被削材:SS400(JISの規定による一般構造用圧延鋼)、加工深さ:100mm(貫通穴) 、切削速度:100m/min、送り量:0.45mm/rev、ステップ:無し、切削油:水溶性クーラント(ドリル内部給油) 、クーラント圧:3MPa
Claims (8)
- 先端部に開口するように軸方向に設けられた3本の切り屑排出溝と、
該切り屑排出溝のうち穴明け加工時のドリル回転方向に向かう内壁面と前記先端部に形成された先端逃げ面との交差部分に形成された3枚の切れ刃と、
を備え、前記切れ刃は、内周側に形成された凹曲線状の凹曲線状切れ刃部と外周側に形成された凸曲線状の凸曲線状切れ刃部とを有する3枚刃ドリルにおいて、
軸心Oに対して直交する軸直角断面において、前記凸曲線状切れ刃部に対応する第1凸曲線と前記凹曲線状切れ刃部に対応する第1凹曲線とが交点Aで相互に交差している
ことを特徴とする3枚刃ドリル。 - 前記軸直角断面において、ドリル外周部と前記第1凸曲線とが交差する外周点Bと前記軸心Oとを結ぶ基準線Kに対して、前記第1凹曲線の凹み量LFは、ドリル刃径Dに対して0.01D~0.05Dの範囲内である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の3枚刃ドリル。 - 前記軸直角断面において、前記交点Aを通り且つ前記基準線Kに対して直交する直線と該基準線Kとの交点Eと、前記外周点Bとの間の距離であるすくい面取り幅LWは、ドリル刃径Dに対して0.005D~0.06Dの範囲内である
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の3枚刃ドリル。 - 前記軸直角断面において、前記外周点Bにおける前記基準線Kと前記第1凸曲線との角度であるすくい角θが負である
ことを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載の3枚刃ドリル。 - ドリル刃径Dに対して0.15D~0.50Dの範囲内の芯厚CDを有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の3枚刃ドリル。 - 前記軸直角断面において、前記切り屑排出溝のうち穴明け加工時のドリル回転方向と反対向きの内壁面は、内周側に形成された第2凹曲線と、該第2凹曲線に連続して外周側に形成された第2凸曲線とから構成されており、該第2凸曲線はヒールに達している
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の3枚刃ドリル。 - 前記軸直角断面において、前記第1凸曲線の曲率半径をR1、前記第1凹曲線の曲率半径をR2、前記第2凹曲線の曲率半径をR3、前記第2凸曲線の曲率半径をR4としたとき、それ等の曲率半径R1~R4は、ドリル刃径Dに対してそれぞれ次式(1) ~(4) で示す範囲内である
R1:0.02D~0.4D ・・・(1)
R2:0.10D~0.45D ・・・(2)
R3:0.10D~0.45D ・・・(3)
R4:0.3D~1.2D ・・・(4)
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の3枚刃ドリル。 - 前記第1凹曲線の曲率半径R2と前記第2凹曲線の曲率半径R3との関係は、次式(5) を満足する
0.5≦R3/R2≦1.1 ・・・(5)
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の3枚刃ドリル。
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EP12878195.2A EP2857131B1 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2012-05-30 | Three-flute drill |
CN201280073558.1A CN104379284B (zh) | 2012-05-30 | 2012-05-30 | 三刃钻头 |
JP2014518148A JP5816364B2 (ja) | 2012-05-30 | 2012-05-30 | 3枚刃ドリル |
IN2394KON2014 IN2014KN02394A (ja) | 2012-05-30 | 2012-05-30 | |
US14/395,877 US9713846B2 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2012-05-30 | 3-blade drill |
PCT/JP2012/063952 WO2013179417A1 (ja) | 2012-05-30 | 2012-05-30 | 3枚刃ドリル |
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US9713846B2 (en) | 2017-07-25 |
JP5816364B2 (ja) | 2015-11-18 |
CN104379284B (zh) | 2017-03-15 |
EP2857131A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
IN2014KN02394A (ja) | 2015-05-01 |
CN104379284A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
EP2857131B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
EP2857131A4 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
JPWO2013179417A1 (ja) | 2016-01-14 |
US20150104265A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
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