WO2013177754A1 - 一种多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床 - Google Patents

一种多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013177754A1
WO2013177754A1 PCT/CN2012/076227 CN2012076227W WO2013177754A1 WO 2013177754 A1 WO2013177754 A1 WO 2013177754A1 CN 2012076227 W CN2012076227 W CN 2012076227W WO 2013177754 A1 WO2013177754 A1 WO 2013177754A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
milling machine
seat
fork
workbench
gear milling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/076227
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王小椿
Original Assignee
Wang Xiaochun
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wang Xiaochun filed Critical Wang Xiaochun
Priority to EP12877721.6A priority Critical patent/EP2857133A4/en
Priority to CN201280022497.6A priority patent/CN103596716B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2012/076227 priority patent/WO2013177754A1/zh
Priority to KR1020147036627A priority patent/KR20150020617A/ko
Priority to US14/404,317 priority patent/US20160297018A1/en
Priority to JP2015514314A priority patent/JP5897210B2/ja
Priority to TW102143095A priority patent/TWI526268B/zh
Publication of WO2013177754A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013177754A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F1/00—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface
    • B23F1/06—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface by milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/02—Loading, unloading or chucking arrangements for workpieces
    • B23F23/06—Chucking arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F23/1237—Tool holders
    • B23F23/1262—Grinding disc holders; Disc-type milling-cutter holders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F23/1293—Workpiece heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B23F5/20—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/50—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/52—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism a single rotating pair
    • B23Q1/522—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism a single rotating pair which is perpendicular to the working surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/50—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/52—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism a single rotating pair
    • B23Q1/525—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism a single rotating pair which is parallel to the working surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/56—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/60—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/62—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides
    • B23Q1/621—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/623—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/56—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/60—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/62—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides
    • B23Q1/621—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/626—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/028—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of workholder per toolhead in operating position

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine tool for processing large-modulus industrial gears, in particular to a metal cutting machine tool for large modulus cylindrical gears and large-modulus spiral bevel gears, straight bevel gears and helical bevel gears.
  • the roughing and hot finishing of the above gears more specifically, relates to a multipurpose large modulus gear milling machine. Background technique
  • the machining methods for industrial cylindrical gears are mainly hobbing, gear shaping and grinding, which are respectively performed on the hobbing machine, the gear shaping machine and the forming grinding wheel grinding machine.
  • the production cost is increased and the production preparation cycle is prolonged.
  • the initial investment of the equipment is large and the scope of application is small.
  • the machine tool for machining cylindrical gears cannot process spiral bevel gears and straight bevel gears.
  • Machine tools for machining disc gears are usually unable to process gears with long shafts. .
  • the present invention proposes a multi-purpose large-modulus gear machining machine. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-purpose large modulus gear milling machine capable of completing a plurality of large modulus gears on the same machine tool, including large modulus spur gears, helical gears, and large molds. Roughing and hot finishing of the number of spiral bevel gears, straight bevel gears, helical bevel gears and enveloping worm pairs to meet the high efficiency and low cost of processing a large number of large modulus industrial gears.
  • a multi-purpose large modulus gear milling machine includes at least: a milling machine body; a table fixedly coupled to the milling machine and arranged along the milling machine body; a flat table for clamping Gear, the turret is eccentrically embedded in the workbench, the countertop of the turret is basically equal to the workbench; the vertical turret is set at one end of the workbench, and the other end of the workbench is provided with a center frame or a tailstock, the center frame Or the tailstock has the same axis as the vertical turret a wire, a vertical turret cooperates with a center frame or a tailstock for clamping a shaft gear; a fork-shaped tool holder for mounting a disk cutter, the fork-shaped tool holder being arranged to move relative to the workpiece along three translational degrees of freedom , and can adjust the angle between the tool axis and the workpiece axis arbitrarily, the base is connected to the milling machine.
  • the flat turntable can clamp the disc gear, and the vertical turntable can cooperate with the center frame or the tailstock to clamp the shaft gear.
  • the disc cutter is mounted on the fork-shaped tool holder and can move and swing with the fork-shaped tool holder. When the fork-shaped tool holder is swung, the angle between the tool axis and the workpiece axis can be arbitrarily adjusted. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention can perform roughing and hot finishing of a plurality of large-modulus gears on the same machine tool to meet the demand for processing a plurality of large-modulus industrial gears with high efficiency and low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a multipurpose large modulus gear milling machine tool of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a multipurpose large modulus gear milling machine tool of the present invention, It shows a state in which the ram is not extended;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the multipurpose large-modulus gear milling machine of the present invention, showing the state in which the ram is extended. detailed description
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-purpose large modulus gear milling machine tool,
  • the milling machine body 1, the table 2, the flat table 3, the vertical turntable 4 and the fork-shaped tool holder 5 are included.
  • the table 2 is fixedly attached to the milling machine body 1 and arranged in the direction of the milling machine body 1.
  • the flat table 3 is used to mount a disc gear, and the flat table 3 is eccentrically embedded in the table 2, and the table of the flat table 3 is substantially equal to the table 2.
  • the vertical turntable 4 is disposed at one end of the worktable 2, and the other end of the worktable 2 is provided with a center frame or a tailstock 4a.
  • the center frame or the tailstock 4a and the vertical turntable 4 have the same axis, the vertical turntable 4 and the center frame or the tailstock 4a is used for clamping shaft gears.
  • the fork-shaped tool holder 5 is used for mounting a disc-shaped milling cutter.
  • the fork-shaped tool holder 5 is disposed on a base that can be moved in three translational degrees of freedom with respect to the workpiece and can arbitrarily adjust the angle between the tool axis and the workpiece axis. Upper, the base is connected to the milling machine body 1.
  • the table top of the table 2 is divided into two mesas of the left table 2a and the right table 2b, wherein the left table 2a and the right table 2b are the left and right portions of the same table 2.
  • the vertical turntable 4 is disposed on the left mesa 2a
  • the center frame or the tailstock 4a is correspondingly disposed on the right mesa 2b.
  • the flat rotating table 3 can clamp the disc gear
  • the vertical rotating table 4 can cooperate with the center frame or the tailstock 4a to clamp the shaft gear
  • the disc milling cutter is mounted on the fork-shaped tool holder 5, and can The fork-shaped tool holder 5 is moved and oscillated, and when the fork-shaped tool holder 5 is swung, the angle between the tool axis (i.e., the axis of the disk-shaped milling cutter) and the workpiece axis (i.e., the axis of the gear) can be arbitrarily adjusted.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can complete a plurality of large modulus gears on the same machine tool, including large modulus spur gears, helical gears, large modulus spiral bevel gears, straight bevel gears, helical bevel gears. Roughing and hot finishing of the enveloping worm pair to meet the needs of high-efficiency and low-cost machining of a wide range of large-modulus industrial gears.
  • the base includes a swinging seat 6 that is swingably disposed, and the fork-shaped tool holder 5 is fixed to the swing seat 6 and can swing with the swing seat 6, and the disc cutter is disposed at Inside the fork-shaped tool holder 5.
  • the fork-shaped tool holder 5 can be swung by the swinging seat 6 by not less than 360°.
  • the base further includes a moving mechanism 7 capable of translating the fork-shaped tool holder in three translational degrees of freedom, the swinging seat 6 being coupled to the moving mechanism 7, so that the swinging seat 6 and the fork-shaped tool holder 5 can follow
  • the moving mechanism 7 translates in three translational degrees of freedom.
  • the moving mechanism 7 includes a column 7a, a first slider 7b, a second slider 7c, and a longitudinal rail 7d.
  • a vertical rail 7e is disposed on a side of the pillar 7a facing the table 2;
  • the first slider 7b is vertically slidably coupled to the vertical rail 7e, and the swinging seat 6 is disposed on the first slider 7b, and is opposite to the first a sliding seat 7b swings;
  • the upper surface of the second sliding seat 7c is provided with a lateral rail 7f, and the vertical column 7a is slidably coupled to the lateral guide On the rail 7f;
  • the longitudinal rail 7d is disposed on the milling machine body 1, and the second slider 7c is longitudinally slidably coupled to the longitudinal rail 7d.
  • the swinging seat 6 is disposed on the first sliding seat 7b, and the first sliding seat 7b is vertically slidable along the vertical rail 7e with the swinging seat 6 (ie, sliding along the coordinate Z direction); the pillar 7a carries The first sliding seat 7b and the swinging seat 6 are slidable laterally along the lateral rail 7f (ie, sliding along the coordinate Y direction); the second sliding seat 7c is provided with the upright 7a, and the first sliding seat 7b and the swinging seat 6 are along the longitudinal direction.
  • the guide rail 7d slides longitudinally (ie, slides along the coordinate X direction), so that the swing seat 6 and the fork-shaped tool holder 5 connected to the swing seat 6 can slide in the direction of the coordinates X, Y, and ,, and the swing seat 6 and The fork-shaped tool holder 5 can swing not less than 360 degrees on the first slider 7b, so that the disk-shaped milling cutter in the fork-shaped tool holder 5 can process the workpiece very well and conveniently.
  • the table 2 is substantially tangential to the flat table 3 on the side close to the fork holder 5, so that the lateral stroke of the column 7a can be utilized more effectively, and the extension length of the fork holder 5 can be reduced.
  • the fork-shaped tool holder 5 has two walls, and a disc-shaped milling cutter is connected between the two walls, the two walls having unequal thicknesses.
  • the thicker wall contains the bearings and the drive mechanism that support the tool, and the thinner wall contains only the bearings that support the tool.
  • the fork holder 5 has two walls of a left wall and a right wall, and the thickness of the right wall is larger than the thickness of the left wall.
  • the swinging shaft of the fork-shaped tool holder 5 can have a locking mechanism (not shown). When machining straight and helical gears or some types of worm pairs, the locking mechanism can be used to lock the fork.
  • the swinging shaft of the knife holder 5 is used to improve the rigidity of the holder and to improve the cutting conditions.
  • a lock mechanism (not shown) may be respectively disposed on the flat turntable 3 and the vertical turntable 4. When the spur gear and some types of worm pairs are rough-worked, the lock mechanism can be locked by the locking mechanism. To improve the rigidity of the workpiece and improve the cutting conditions.
  • Embodiment 2 Since the structure of the locking mechanism is well known to those skilled in the art, it will not be described in detail. Embodiment 2
  • the configuration of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the above-described embodiment, and the difference is that the moving mechanism 8 of the present embodiment is different from the moving mechanism 7 of the above-described embodiment.
  • the moving mechanism 8 includes an inner frame 8a, a carriage 8b, an outer frame 8c, and a ram 8d.
  • a vertical rail 8e is disposed on a side of the inner frame 8a facing the table 2 ;
  • the slider 8b is vertically slidably coupled to the vertical rail 8e;
  • a side of the outer frame 8c facing the table 2 is provided with a longitudinal rail 8f, and
  • the inner frame 8a is Longitudinally slidably coupled to the longitudinal rail 8f;
  • the ram 8d is slidably disposed laterally on the ram seat 8g, the ram seat 8g is attached to the carriage 8b, which is disposed on the ram 8d and swingable relative to the ram 8d.
  • the swinging seat 6 is disposed on the ram 8d, and the ram 8d can be slid laterally along the ram seat 8g on the sliding seat 8b with the swinging seat 6 (ie, sliding along the coordinate Y direction); the sliding seat 8b With the ram seat 8g, the ram 8d and the swing seat 6 can slide vertically up and down along the vertical rail 8e (ie, slide along the coordinate Z direction); the inner frame 8a carries the slide 8b, the ram 8d and the swing seat 6 can be Sliding longitudinally along the longitudinal rail 8f (ie, sliding along the coordinate X direction), therefore, the swinging seat 6 and the fork-shaped tool holder 5 connected to the swinging seat 6 are slidable along the coordinates X, Y, and ⁇ , and the swinging seat 6 and the fork-shaped tool holder 5 can swing not less than 360 degrees on the ram 8d, so that the disc-shaped milling cutter in the fork-shaped tool holder 5 can process the workpiece very
  • the milling machine body 1 is further provided with a lateral rail 8h which is slidably coupled to the lateral rail 8h.
  • the moving mechanism 8 in this embodiment adopts the technique of the frame to realize the movement of the swinging seat 6 and the fork-shaped tool holder 5 in three translational degrees of freedom. Due to the frame frame scheme, due to the volume of the outer frame 8c Larger and heavier, the lateral movement is more laborious. Therefore, the lateral rail 8h allows the outer frame 8c to be coarsely adjusted in the lateral direction, and the further lateral position adjustment can be realized by the ram 8d.
  • the table 2 is substantially tangential to the flat table 3 on the side close to the fork holder 5, so that the lateral stroke of the ram 8d can be utilized more effectively, and the extension length of the fork holder 5 can be reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)

Abstract

一种多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床，其至少包括：铣齿机床身；工作台，其固定连接在铣齿机床身上，并沿铣齿机床身方向布置；平转台，用于装夹盘形齿轮，平转台偏心地镶嵌于工作台中，平转台的台面基本上与工作台等高；立转台，其设置在工作台的一端，工作台的另一端设有中心架或尾座，中心架或尾座与立转台具有相同的轴线，立转台与中心架或尾座配合用于装夹轴齿轮；叉形刀架，用于安装盘形铣刀，叉形刀架设置在能使其相对于工件沿三个平移自由度移动，并能任意调整刀具轴线与工件轴线之间夹角的机座上，机座连接在铣齿机床身上。

Description

一种多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于大模数工业齿轮加工的机床，具体涉及一种用于大模数圆柱 齿轮和大模数螺旋锥齿轮、直齿锥齿轮和斜齿锥齿轮的金属切削机床， 适用于上述齿 轮的粗加工和热后精加工， 更具体涉及一种多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床。 背景技术
目前用于工业圆柱齿轮的加工方法主要是滚齿、插齿和磨齿， 分别在滚齿机、插 齿机和成形砂轮磨齿机上完成。
这些加工方法存在的问题是， 对于大模数齿轮， 例如模数大于 25的齿轮， 特别 是螺旋角比较大的齿轮， 采用传统的滚齿方法加工效率不太高， 插齿的效率更低； 滚 削大螺旋角齿轮时振动很大，往往需要分多次进给才能达到所需齿深；滚刀成本较高， 每一种模数的齿轮需要订购相应的滚刀， 订货周期长； 滚刀和插齿刀损坏后通常无法 修复； 成形磨齿的砂轮需要根据每一种不同的工件进行修形， 对于单件小批量生产的 工业齿轮， 砂轮的修整损耗可能远大于砂轮的磨齿消耗， 导致生产成本提高， 生产准 备周期延长； 设备的初期投资大， 适用范围小， 加工圆柱齿轮的机床不能加工螺旋锥 齿轮和直齿锥齿轮， 加工盘齿轮的机床通常不能加工带长轴的齿轮。
为了降低单件小批量大模数工业齿轮的生产成本和初期投资， 提高加工效率， 本 发明提出了一种多用途大模数齿轮加工机床。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于， 提供一种多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其可以在同一台机床 上完成多种大模数齿轮， 包括大模数直齿圆柱齿轮、 斜齿圆柱齿轮、 大模数螺旋锥齿 轮、 直齿锥齿轮、 斜齿锥齿轮和包络蜗杆副的粗加工和热后精加工， 以满足高效率低 成本地加工多种大模数工业齿轮的需求。
为实现上述目的， 本发明的技术解决方案是：
一种多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其至少包括： 铣齿机床身； 工作台， 其固定连 接在铣齿机床身上， 并沿铣齿机床身方向布置； 平转台， 用于装夹盘形齿轮， 平转台 偏心地镶嵌于工作台中， 平转台的台面基本上与工作台等高； 立转台， 其设置在工作 台的一端， 工作台的另一端设有中心架或尾座， 中心架或尾座与立转台具有相同的轴 线， 立转台与中心架或尾座配合用于装夹轴齿轮； 叉形刀架， 用于安装盘形铣刀， 叉 形刀架设置在能使其相对于工件沿三个平移自由度移动， 并能任意调整刀具轴线与工 件轴线之间夹角的机座上， 机座连接在铣齿机床身上。
本发明的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床的特点和优点是：
1、 其平转台能装夹盘形齿轮， 立转台与中心架或尾座配合能装夹轴齿轮， 盘形 铣刀安装在叉形刀架上， 并可随着叉形刀架移动和摆动， 当叉形刀架摆动时， 可任意 调整刀具轴线与工件轴线之间的夹角。 因此， 本发明实施例可以在同一台机床上完成 多种大模数齿轮的粗加工和热后精加工， 以满足高效率低成本地加工多种大模数工业 齿轮的需求。
2、 所述铣齿机加工大模数工业齿轮时， 具有初期投资少， 加工效率高， 刀具成 本低， 刀具通用性好和生产准备周期短的特点。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使 用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图 获得其他的附图。
图 1是本发明的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床的第一种实施例的结构示意图； 图 2是本发明的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床的第二种实施例的结构示意图，其显 示滑枕未伸出的状态；
图 3是本发明的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床的第二种实施例的结构示意图，其显 示滑枕伸出的状态。 具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完 整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的 所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施方式一
如图 1至图 3所示， 本发明实施例提出了一种多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其至 少包括铣齿机床身 1， 工作台 2， 平转台 3， 立转台 4和叉形刀架 5。 工作台 2固定连 接在铣齿机床身 1上， 并沿铣齿机床身 1方向布置。 平转台 3用于装夹盘形齿轮， 平 转台 3偏心地镶嵌于工作台 2中， 平转台 3的台面基本上与工作台 2等高。 立转台 4 设置在工作台 2的一端， 工作台 2的另一端设有中心架或尾座 4a， 中心架或尾座 4a 与立转台 4具有相同的轴线， 立转台 4与中心架或尾座 4a配合用于装夹轴齿轮。 叉 形刀架 5用于安装盘形铣刀，叉形刀架 5设置在能使其相对于工件沿三个平移自由度 移动， 并能任意调整刀具轴线与工件轴线之间夹角的机座上， 机座连接在铣齿机床身 1上。
具体而言， 工作台 2的台面被镶嵌在其中的平转台 3分割为左台面 2a和右台面 2b两个台面，其中左台面 2a和右台面 2b是同一个工作台 2的左右两个部分。在此处， 立转台 4设置在左台面 2a上， 中心架或尾座 4a对应地设置在右台面 2b上。 当需要 加工轴齿轮时， 轴齿轮装夹在立转台 4与中心架或尾座 4a之间， 调整盘形铣刀， 使 之对应轴齿轮需加工处。
本发明实施例中， 平转台 3能装夹盘形齿轮， 立转台 4与中心架或尾座 4a配合 能装夹轴齿轮， 盘形铣刀安装在叉形刀架 5上， 并可随着叉形刀架 5移动和摆动， 当 叉形刀架 5摆动时， 可任意调整刀具轴线（即盘形铣刀的轴线）与工件轴线（即齿轮 的轴线）之间的夹角。因此，本发明实施例可以在同一台机床上完成多种大模数齿轮， 包括大模数直齿圆柱齿轮、 斜齿圆柱齿轮、 大模数螺旋锥齿轮、 直齿锥齿轮、 斜齿锥 齿轮和包络蜗杆副的粗加工和热后精加工， 以满足高效率低成本地加工多种大模数工 业齿轮的需求。
根据本发明的一个实施方式， 所述机座包括可摆动设置的摆动座 6， 所述叉形刀 架 5固定在摆动座 6上， 能随摆动座 6摆动， 所述盘形铣刀设置在叉形刀架 5内。 本 实施例中， 叉形刀架 5可以随着摆动座 6作不小于 360° 的摆动，
所述机座还包括能带所述叉形刀架在三个平移自由度平移的移动机构 7， 所述摆 动座 6连接在移动机构 7上，使摆动座 6和叉形刀架 5能随着移动机构 7在三个平移 自由度方向平移。
如图 1所示， 所述移动机构 7包括立柱 7a， 第一滑座 7b， 第二滑座 7c和纵向导 轨 7d。 立柱 7a面向工作台 2的一侧设置有垂直导轨 7e ; 第一滑座 7b可垂直滑动地 连接在垂直导轨 7e上，所述摆动座 6设置在第一滑座 7b上，并可相对于第一滑座 7b 摆动；第二滑座 7c的上表面设置有横向导轨 7f，立柱 7a可横向滑动地连接在横向导 轨 7f上； 纵向导轨 7d设置在铣齿机床身 1上， 第二滑座 7c可纵向滑动地连接在纵 向导轨 7d上。
本实施例中， 摆动座 6设置在第一滑座 7b上， 第一滑座 7b带着摆动座 6可沿着 垂直导轨 7e垂直上下滑动（即沿着坐标 Z方向滑动）； 立柱 7a带着第一滑座 7b和摆 动座 6可沿着横向导轨 7f横向滑动 （即沿着坐标 Y方向滑动）； 第二滑座 7c带着立 柱 7a，第一滑座 7b和摆动座 6可沿着纵向导轨 7d纵向滑动（即沿着坐标 X方向滑动）， 因此， 摆动座 6及连接在摆动座 6上的叉形刀架 5可沿着坐标 X、 Y、 Ζ的方向滑动， 且摆动座 6及叉形刀架 5可以在第一滑座 7b上作不小于 360度的摆动， 使得叉形刀 架 5内的盘形铣刀能很好、 很方便地对工件进行加工。
工作台 2在靠近叉形刀架 5的一侧与平转台 3基本相切，从而可以更有效地利用 立柱 7a的横向行程， 减少叉形刀架 5的伸出长度。
如图 1所示， 所述叉形刀架 5具有两个壁， 盘形铣刀连接在两个壁之间， 所述两 个壁具有不相等的厚度。壁厚较厚的壁中包含了支承刀具的轴承和传动机构， 壁厚较 薄的壁中只包含了支承刀具的轴承。 在此处， 叉形刀架 5具有左壁和右壁两个壁， 右 壁的厚度大于左壁的厚度。
所述叉形刀架 5的摆动轴上可具有锁紧机构 （图中未示）， 在加工直齿和斜齿圆 柱齿轮或某些类型的蜗杆副的时候， 可以利用锁紧机构锁止叉形刀架 5的摆动轴， 以 提高刀架的刚性， 可改善切削条件。
所述平转台 3和立转台 4上也可分别设置有锁紧机构 （图中未示)， 在粗加工直 齿圆柱齿轮及某些类型的蜗杆副时，可以利用锁紧机构锁止转台，以提高工件的刚性， 改善切削条件。
由于锁紧机构的结构已为本领域技术人员所熟知， 故不再详细说明。 实施方式二
本实施方式的结构与上述实施方式的基本一样， 其区别是， 本实施方式的移动机 构 8与上述实施方式的移动机构 7不同。
如图 2和图 3所示， 所述移动机构 8包括内框架 8a， 滑座 8b， 外框架 8c和滑枕 8d。内框架 8a面向工作台 2的一侧设置有垂直导轨 8e;滑座 8b可垂直滑动地连接在 垂直导轨 8e上； 外框架 8c面向工作台 2的一侧设置有纵向导轨 8f， 内框架 8a可纵 向滑动地连接在纵向导轨 8f 上； 滑枕 8d可横向滑动地设置在滑枕座 8g上， 滑枕座 8g连接在滑座 8b上， 所述摆动座 6设置在滑枕 8d上， 并可相对于滑枕 8d摆动。 本实施例中， 摆动座 6设置在滑枕 8d上， 滑枕 8d带着摆动座 6可沿着滑座 8b 上的滑枕座 8g横向滑动（即沿着坐标 Y方向滑动）； 滑座 8b带着滑枕座 8g， 滑枕 8d 和摆动座 6可沿着垂直导轨 8e垂直上下滑动 （即沿着坐标 Z方向滑动）； 内框架 8a 带着滑座 8b，滑枕 8d和摆动座 6可沿着纵向导轨 8f纵向滑动（即沿着坐标 X方向滑 动） 因此， 摆动座 6及连接在摆动座 6上的叉形刀架 5可沿着坐标 X、 Y、 Ζ的方向滑 动， 且摆动座 6及叉形刀架 5可以在滑枕 8d上作不小于 360度的摆动， 使得叉形刀 架 5内的盘形铣刀能很好、 很方便地对工件进行加工。
此外， 所述铣齿机床身 1上还设置有横向导轨 8h， 所述外框架 8c可横向滑动地 连接在横向导轨 8h上。
本实施例中的移动机构 8是采用框中框的技术来实现摆动座 6和叉形刀架 5在三 个平移自由度方向移动的， 由于框中框的方案中， 由于外框架 8c的体积较大， 重量 较重， 因此横向移动比较费力， 因此， 横向导轨 8h可使外框架 8c在横向上做粗调作 业， 而进一步的横向位置调节则可通过滑枕 8d来实现。
工作台 2在靠近叉形刀架 5的一侧与平转台 3基本相切，从而可以更有效地利用 滑枕 8d的横向行程， 减少叉形刀架 5的伸出长度。
本实施方式的其他结构、工作原理和有益效果与实施方式一的相同， 在此不再赘 述。 以上所述仅为本发明的几个实施例，本领域的技术人员依据申请文件公开的可以 对本发明实施例进行各种改动或变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其至少包括：
铣齿机床身；
工作台， 其固定连接在铣齿机床身上， 并沿铣齿机床身方向布置；
平转台， 用于装夹盘形齿轮， 平转台偏心地镶嵌于工作台中， 平转台的台面基本 上与工作台等高；
立转台， 其设置在工作台的一端， 工作台的另一端设有中心架或尾座， 中心架或 尾座与立转台具有相同的轴线， 立转台与中心架或尾座配合用于装夹轴齿轮；
叉形刀架， 用于安装盘形铣刀， 叉形刀架设置在能使其相对于工件沿三个平移自 由度移动， 并能任意调整刀具轴线与工件轴线之间夹角的机座上， 机座连接在铣齿机 床身上。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其特征在于， 所述机座包 括可摆动设置的摆动座， 所述叉形刀架固定在摆动座上， 能随摆动座摆动， 所述盘形 铣刀设置在叉形刀架内。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其特征在于， 所述机座还 包括能带所述叉形刀架在三个平移自由度平移的移动机构，所述摆动座连接在移动机 构上。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其特征在于， 所述移动机 构包括：
立柱， 其面向所述工作台的一侧设置有垂直导轨；
第一滑座， 其可垂直滑动地连接在垂直导轨上， 所述摆动座设置在第一滑座上， 并可相对于第一滑座摆动；
第二滑座， 其上表面设置有横向导轨， 立柱可横向滑动地连接在横向导轨上； 纵向导轨， 其设置在所述铣齿机床身上， 第二滑座可纵向滑动地连接在纵向导轨 上。
5、 如权利要求 3所述的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其特征在于， 所述移动机 构包括：
内框架， 其面向所述工作台的一侧设置有垂直导轨；
滑座， 其可垂直滑动地连接在垂直导轨上；
外框架， 其面向工作台的一侧设置有纵向导轨， 内框架可纵向滑动地连接在纵向 导轨上；
滑枕， 其可横向滑动地设置在滑枕座上， 滑枕座连接在滑座上， 所述摆动座设置 在滑枕上， 并可相对于滑枕摆动。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其特征在于， 所述铣齿机 床身上设置有横向导轨， 所述外框架可横向滑动地连接在横向导轨上。
7、 如权利要求 2所述的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其特征在于， 所述叉形刀 架的摆动轴上具有锁紧机构。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其特征在于， 所述平转台 和立转台上分别设置有锁紧机构。
9、如权利要求 1至 8任意一项所述的多用途大模数齿轮铣齿机床， 其特征在于， 所述叉形刀架具有两个壁， 盘形铣刀连接在两个壁之间， 所述两个壁具有不相等的厚 度， 壁厚较厚的壁中包含了支承刀具的轴承和传动机构， 壁厚较薄的壁中只包含了支 承刀具的轴承。
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