WO2013172446A1 - 糖液の製造方法 - Google Patents
糖液の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013172446A1 WO2013172446A1 PCT/JP2013/063771 JP2013063771W WO2013172446A1 WO 2013172446 A1 WO2013172446 A1 WO 2013172446A1 JP 2013063771 W JP2013063771 W JP 2013063771W WO 2013172446 A1 WO2013172446 A1 WO 2013172446A1
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2434—Glucanases acting on beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds
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- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
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- C12P7/56—Lactic acid
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- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13K—SACCHARIDES OBTAINED FROM NATURAL SOURCES OR BY HYDROLYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING DISACCHARIDES, OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR POLYSACCHARIDES
- C13K1/00—Glucose; Glucose-containing syrups
- C13K1/02—Glucose; Glucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
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- C13K13/00—Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
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- C12P2201/00—Pretreatment of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material for subsequent enzymatic treatment or hydrolysis
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a sugar liquid from cellulose-containing biomass.
- a method for recovering and reusing cellulase derived from filamentous fungi used for cellulose hydrolysis has been proposed.
- a method of performing continuous solid-liquid separation using a spin filter, filtering the obtained sugar solution through an ultrafiltration membrane to recover cellulase derived from filamentous fungi (Patent Document 1), and a surfactant at the stage of enzymatic saccharification (Patent Document 2) that suppresses filamentous fungus-derived cellulase adsorption and improves recovery efficiency, and that recovers the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase component by energizing the residue after enzymatic saccharification (Patent Document 3)
- a method of increasing the amount of adsorbed enzyme recovered by secondary hydrolysis of the saccharification residue (Patent Document 4), first adding recovered cellulase, performing primary hydrolysis, and then adding unused cellulase to perform secondary hydrolysis
- hydrothermal treatment When hydrothermal treatment is used as a pretreatment for cellulose-containing biomass when producing sugar solution from cellulose-containing biomass, dilute oligosaccharides and furan are used when hydrolyzing cellulose with biomass after hydrothermal treatment. A large amount of hydrothermal treatment liquid containing enzyme saccharification inhibitors such as compounds and aromatic compounds was discharged.
- the present invention aims to find a means of utilizing hydrothermal treatment liquid that has been a waste liquid in the saccharification process of cellulose-containing biomass, and to reduce the amount of enzyme used in hydrolysis of cellulose-containing solids.
- a hydrothermal treatment liquid obtained by hydrothermal treatment of cellulose-containing biomass recovers filamentous fungus-derived cellulase for cellulose hydrolysis from a saccharification process.
- the present invention was completed by finding that it can be used as an eluent.
- [1] A method for producing a sugar liquid from cellulose-containing biomass, comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- Step (1) A step of separating the cellulose-containing biomass into a hydrothermal treatment liquid and a cellulose-containing solid after hydrothermal treatment.
- Step (2) A step of adding cellulose-derived cellulase to the cellulose-containing solid content in step (1) to hydrolyze the cellulose, and then separating it into a saccharification residue and a sugar solution.
- Step (3) Washing the saccharification residue of step (2) with the hydrothermal treatment solution of step (1), and eluting the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase adsorbed on the saccharification residue into the hydrothermal treatment solution, followed by solid-liquid separation The process of obtaining the solution component containing a filamentous fungus origin cellulase.
- step (3) The method for producing a sugar liquid according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the hydrothermal treatment liquid in the step (3) contains a total of 1 g / L or more of inorganic ions, acetic acid and / or furfural.
- step (3) The method for producing a sugar liquid according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the saccharification residue is washed with a hydrothermal treatment liquid at 30 to 70 ° C. in the step (3).
- step (2) the saccharification residue and the sugar solution are separated by membrane separation, and in step (3), the saccharification residue is washed by passing a hydrothermal treatment liquid vertically to the saccharification residue on the membrane surface.
- a process for producing a sugar solution by the method according to any one of [1] to [9] and a microorganism having an ability to produce a chemical product using the sugar solution as a fermentation raw material to produce a chemical product A method for producing a chemical product, comprising a process.
- the sugar liquid production apparatus according to [12], wherein the apparatus in which the sugar liquid recovery device and the enzyme recovery device are integrated is a membrane separation device.
- the membrane separation device is a press filtration device or a belt filter device.
- the enzyme recovery device includes an ultrafiltration membrane separation device that separates the cellulase derived from filamentous fungus and the sugar solution.
- the recovered enzyme amount and activity of the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase adsorbed on the enzyme saccharification residue is improved, and the production of the sugar liquid using cellulose-containing biomass as a raw material
- the amount of enzyme used for the process can be reduced.
- saccharification of the oligosaccharide contained in the hydrothermal treatment liquid is also possible.
- Sugar yield is also improved.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a block flow of a method for producing a sugar solution of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method for producing a sugar liquid of the present invention (when a press filtration apparatus is used as a sugar liquid recovery apparatus and an enzyme recovery apparatus).
- FIG. 3 is a drawing showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method for producing a sugar solution of the present invention (when an ultrafiltration membrane apparatus is added as an enzyme recovery apparatus).
- FIG. 4 is a drawing showing details of the sugar liquid production apparatus of FIGS.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph of a gel stained by SDS-PAGE of the recovered enzyme.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram when solid-liquid separation in step (2), washing of saccharification residue in step (3), and solid-liquid separation are performed in the same apparatus (membrane separation apparatus).
- Step (1) Step of separating cellulose-containing biomass into hydrothermal treatment liquid and cellulose-containing solid after hydrothermal treatment
- Cellulose-containing biomass is bagasse, switchgrass, napiergrass, Eliansus, corn stover, corn cob, rice straw It refers to biomass derived from aquatic environment such as grassy biomass such as straw, coconut husk, or woody biomass such as trees, poplars and waste building materials, and algae and seaweed.
- Such biomass contains lignin, which is an aromatic polymer, in addition to cellulose and hemicellulose (hereinafter referred to as “cellulose” as a generic term for cellulose and hemicellulose).
- hydrothermal treatment of the biomass containing cellulose is performed in order to improve the enzymatic saccharification efficiency in the second step.
- Hydrothermal treatment is the addition of water so that the cellulose-containing biomass solids content is 0.1 to 50% by weight, the reaction temperature is in the range of 100 to 400 ° C., and the cellulose-containing biomass is in the range of 1 second to 60 minutes. It is intended to hydrolyze hemicellulose present in cellulose-containing biomass by hydrothermal treatment, to promote solubilization of lignin, and to make the cellulose and hemicellulose easy to be enzymatically degraded.
- reaction temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in this step is not particularly limited, and an optimum temperature at which the enzymatic saccharification efficiency is appropriately increased may be set according to the type of cellulose-containing biomass, and is usually in the range of 120 ° C to 240 ° C. The range is preferably 180 ° C to 240 ° C.
- acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid, and alkalis such as sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide may be added, but the addition amount is preferably minimized, and the final concentration is 2% by weight. More preferably, it is carried out at less than 1% and even more preferably at a final concentration of less than 1% by weight.
- the number of hydrothermal treatments is not particularly limited, and may be performed once or more. Moreover, when hydrothermal treatment is performed twice or more, the first and second and subsequent processes may be performed under different condition settings.
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid and the cellulose-containing solid content are separated.
- Low molecular weight compounds that inhibit enzymatic saccharification such as furfural, HMF, vanillin, guaiacyl alcohol, syringic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, inorganic ions, etc.
- the enzyme saccharification inhibitory substance is generally referred to as an enzyme saccharification inhibiting substance.
- the enzyme saccharification inhibitory substance can be separated on the hydrothermal treatment liquid side by solid-liquid separation of the hydrothermally treated product into a hydrothermal treatment liquid and a cellulose-containing solid.
- the solid-liquid separation method press filtration, belt filter, Pneumapress, screw press, centrifugal separation, screw decanter, etc. can be used, and when a hydrothermal treatment apparatus has a separation function like a screw press, In the course of the hydrothermal treatment, it can be separated into a hydrothermal treatment liquid and a cellulose-containing solid content. In addition, the cellulose-containing solid content can be more completely removed of the enzyme saccharification inhibitor by washing with water or the like. After the hydrothermal treatment, the cellulose-containing solid content obtained by solid-liquid separation may be further subjected to alkali treatment, acid treatment, and the like.
- Step (2) A step of adding cellulose-derived cellulase to the cellulose-containing solid content in step (1) to hydrolyze the cellulose, and then separating the saccharified residue containing the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase and sugar solution In step (2) Then, filamentous fungus-derived cellulase is added to the cellulose-containing solid content that has been solid-liquid separated in step (1), and after hydrolysis of cellulose, saccharification residue and sugar solution are separated.
- the cellulase derived from filamentous fungi used in this step is a cellulase enzyme group capable of hydrolyzing a sugar polymer in which glucose is ⁇ 1-4 linked, such as cellobiohydrase, endoglucanase, exoglucanase, ⁇ -glucosidase, xylanase, xylosidase, etc. It comprises a group of hemicellulase enzymes capable of hydrolyzing a sugar polymer in which xylose is ⁇ 1-4 linked.
- Cellobiohydrase is a general term for cellulases characterized by hydrolysis from the terminal portion of cellulose.
- the enzyme group belonging to cellobiohydrase is represented by EC number: EC3.2.1.91. Are listed.
- Endoglucanase is a general term for cellulases characterized by hydrolysis from the central part of the cellulose molecular chain.
- Exoglucanase is a general term for cellulases characterized by hydrolysis from the end of a cellulose molecular chain, and is assigned to the exoglucanase as EC numbers: EC3.2.1.74 and EC3.2.1.58. Enzyme groups are described.
- ⁇ -glucosidase is a general term for cellulases characterized by acting on cellooligosaccharide or cellobiose, and an enzyme group belonging to ⁇ -glucosidase is described as EC number: EC 3.2.1.21.
- Xylanase is a general term for cellulases characterized by acting on hemicellulose or particularly xylan, and an enzyme group belonging to xylanase is described as EC number: EC3.2.1.8.
- Xylosidase is a general term for cellulases characterized by acting on xylo-oligosaccharides, and an enzyme group belonging to xylosidase is described as EC number: EC 3.2.1.37.
- the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase may also contain other enzyme components involved in biomass degradation other than those described above.
- other enzyme components include mannanase, mannosidase, arabinofuranosidase, xylan esterase, ferulic acid esterase, chitinase and the like.
- a saccharifying enzyme having a high specific activity with respect to hydrolysis of a cellulose-containing solid can be preferably used.
- Cellulases derived from filamentous fungi include Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Cellulomonas, Clostridium, Streptomyces, Humicola, and Humicola. Cellulases derived from genus Irpex, Ircor, Mucor, Talaromyces, Phanerochaete, white rot fungus, brown rot fungus, and the like can be used. In the present invention, among these filamentous fungus-derived cellulases, it is preferable to use trichoderma-derived filamentous fungus-derived cellulases having high cellulose-degrading activity.
- Trichoderma reesei QM9414 Trichoderma reesei QM9414
- Trichoderma reesei QM9123 Trichoderma reeseiQM9123
- Trichoderma reesei Rutc-30er Trichoderma reesei RutC-30er Reisei PC3-7 (Trichoderma reesei PC3-7)
- Trichoderma reesei ATCC 68589 Trichoderma reesei ATCC 68589
- Trichoderma reesei CL-847 Trichoderma reesei CL-847
- Trichoderma Reisei MC-847 Trichoderma reesei CL-847) eesei MCG77), Trichoderma reesei MCG80 (Trichoderma reeseiMCG80), can be exemplified Trichoderma viride Q
- a crude enzyme product is preferably used as the Trichoderma-derived cellulase.
- the crude enzyme product is derived from a culture supernatant obtained by culturing the microorganism for an arbitrary period in a medium adjusted so that a microorganism of the genus Trichoderma produces saccharifying enzyme.
- the medium components to be used are not particularly limited, but a medium to which cellulose or xylan is added can be generally used to promote cellulase production.
- the culture supernatant is preferably used as it is, or the culture supernatant from which the cells have been removed.
- Trichoderma microorganisms produce strong cellulase components in the culture solution, while ⁇ -glucosidase has low ⁇ -glucosidase activity in the culture solution because it is retained in the cell or on the cell surface. Further, a heterogeneous or homologous ⁇ -glucosidase may be added. As the heterogeneous ⁇ -glucosidase, ⁇ -glucosidase derived from Aspergillus can be preferably used. Examples of ⁇ -glucosidase derived from the genus Aspergillus include Novozyme 188 commercially available from Novozyme.
- a gene is introduced into a Trichoderma microorganism, and the Trichoderma microorganism that has been genetically modified so as to be produced in the culture solution is cultured.
- a method of isolating the culture solution may also be used.
- the hydrolysis reaction temperature by the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase is preferably in the range of 15 to 100 ° C, more preferably 40 to 60 ° C, and most preferably 50 ° C.
- the pH during the hydrolysis reaction is preferably in the range of pH 3 to 9, more preferably pH 4 to 5.5, and most preferably pH 5.
- acid or alkali can be added and adjusted so as to achieve the target pH, and a buffer solution may be used as appropriate.
- the solid concentration of the cellulose pretreated product is preferably in the range of 1 to 25% by weight.
- the hydrolyzate by the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase is separated into the saccharification residue and the sugar solution which is the object of the present invention.
- the solid-liquid separation of the hydrolyzate can be carried out by a known solid-liquid separation technique, but is preferably solid-liquid separation by membrane separation, more preferably separated by solid-liquid separation by press filtration or a belt filter.
- the solid content or turbid component contained in the hydrothermal treatment liquid can be relatively reduced.
- Such solid-liquid separation may be carried out by combining one or more methods, and is not limited as long as it is a means capable of efficiently recovering a saccharification residue containing filamentous fungus-derived cellulase.
- the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase Although most of the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase is adsorbed on the saccharification residue, a small amount remains in the saccharide solution, and a step of recovering the saccharification enzyme from the saccharide solution may be added. At that time, about the sugar solution, after the first solid-liquid separation by a filtration method such as a centrifugal separation method or a press filtration, the solid matter is further removed by performing membrane filtration with a microfiltration membrane. When the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase is recovered from the liquid by an ultrafiltration membrane described later, fouling of the ultrafiltration membrane can be suppressed.
- a filtration method such as a centrifugal separation method or a press filtration
- Step (3) After washing the saccharification residue containing the saccharifying enzyme of step (2) with the hydrothermal treatment solution of step (1) and dissolving the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase bound to the saccharification residue in the hydrothermal treatment solution Step of obtaining solution component containing filamentous fungus-derived cellulase by solid-liquid separation
- step (3) the saccharification residue is washed with the hydrothermal treatment liquid, and the saccharification residue is utilized by utilizing the biomass extraction component contained in the hydrothermal treatment liquid.
- the cellulase derived from the filamentous fungus adsorbed (bound) on the cell is eluted (desorbed) in the hydrothermal treatment solution.
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid in the step (3) is a hydrothermal treatment liquid containing a total of 1 g / L or more of inorganic ions, acetic acid and / or furfural.
- the oligosaccharide contained in the hydrothermal treatment liquid is hydrolyzed by the action of the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase adsorbed on the saccharification residue.
- the amount of xylose mainly increases due to hydrolysis of the hydrothermal treatment liquid.
- the saccharification residue is preferably washed with a hydrothermal treatment liquid at 30 to 70 ° C.
- a hydrothermal treatment liquid at 30 to 70 ° C. By using a hydrothermal treatment liquid at 30 to 70 ° C., the effect of promoting the desorption of the enzyme component adsorbed on the saccharification residue, and the oligo component contained in the hydrothermal treatment liquid by the action of the enzyme component adsorbed on the saccharification residue as described above. This is because sugar has an effect of being hydrolyzed.
- a more preferable temperature of the hydrothermal treatment liquid is in the range of 40 to 60 ° C.
- step (3) solid-liquid separation by membrane separation is preferable as in step (2), and press filtration or a belt filter is more preferable.
- steps (2) and (3) are solid-liquid separation by membrane separation, the saccharification residue on the membrane surface after the saccharification residue and the sugar liquid are separated by membrane separation in the step (2).
- the steps (2) and (3) can be carried out in the same apparatus. Become.
- hydrothermal treatment liquid it is preferable to pass the hydrothermal treatment liquid through the saccharification residue in a direction perpendicular to the saccharification residue on the membrane surface, thereby generating a rapid flow of hydrothermal treatment liquid in the saccharification residue. Therefore, more enzyme components adsorbed on the saccharification residue can be recovered. Moreover, it is preferable to recirculate the saccharification residue once it has been passed through, thereby allowing more enzyme components to be recovered.
- the washing liquid in the step (3) is subjected to solid-liquid separation, the solution components are filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane, and the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase can be separated and recovered as a non-permeating liquid, and further concentrated (step (step (3)). 4)).
- a sugar solution can be obtained as the permeate of the ultrafiltration membrane.
- the solid-liquid separation in step 3 can be performed by a known solid-liquid separation method such as a centrifugal separation method such as a screw decanter, a filtration method such as pressure / suction filtration, or a membrane filtration method such as microfiltration.
- Such solid-liquid separation may be carried out by combining one or more techniques, and is not limited as long as it is a means for efficiently removing saccharification residues.
- the solid components are not contained as much as possible in the solution component after solid-liquid separation, and specifically, a centrifugal separation method or press filtration is used.
- the obtained solution components are further subjected to membrane filtration with a microfiltration membrane to completely remove the solid matter.
- the microfiltration membrane is also called membrane filtration, and is a separation membrane that can separate and remove particles of about 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m from a fine particle suspension using a pressure difference as a driving force.
- the surface of the microfiltration membrane has pores in the range of 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and fine particle components exceeding the pores can be separated and removed to the membrane side.
- the material of the microfiltration membrane include cellulose acetate, aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, ceramic, polypropylene, polycarbonate, and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon (registered trademark)).
- a microfiltration membrane made of polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable in terms of antifouling properties, chemical resistance, strength, and filterability.
- An ultrafiltration membrane generally has a pore diameter in the range of 1.5 to 250 nanometers and blocks water-soluble polymers having a molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 200,000 as a non-permeate.
- a separation membrane capable of The ultrafiltration membrane may be a fractional molecular weight capable of recovering filamentous fungus-derived cellulase, and a preferred fractional molecular weight is 1,000 to 100,000 Da, more preferably 10,000 to 30,000 Da.
- a membrane made of materials such as polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and regenerated cellulose can be used.
- an ultrafiltration membrane made of a synthetic polymer such as PVDF.
- a tubular type, a spiral element, a flat membrane or the like can be preferably used.
- the ultrafiltration membrane may be filtered by a crossflow method or a dead end filtration method, but the crossflow filtration method is preferred in terms of fouling or flux.
- the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase separated and recovered by the ultrafiltration membrane can be reused in the cellulose-containing solid in the step 2.
- unused cellulase or hemicellulase may be added and used together with the recovered enzyme, or other enzyme components may be added separately.
- the sugar solution obtained by the method for producing a sugar solution according to the present invention is further filtered through a nanofiltration membrane and / or a reverse osmosis membrane, which is a method described in WO2010 / 067875, to obtain an impermeable solution.
- a concentrated sugar solution in which the sugar component is concentrated can be obtained.
- the nanofiltration membrane is also called a nanofilter (nanofiltration membrane, NF membrane), and is a membrane generally defined as “a membrane that transmits monovalent ions and blocks divalent ions”. . It is a membrane that is considered to have a minute gap of about several nanometers, and is mainly used to block minute particles, molecules, ions, salts, and the like in water.
- the reverse osmosis membrane is also called an RO membrane, and is a membrane generally defined as “a membrane having a desalting function including monovalent ions”. It is a membrane that is thought to have ultrafine pores of several angstroms to several nanometers, and is mainly used for removing ionic components such as seawater desalination and ultrapure water production.
- the material of the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane used in the present invention can be a polymer material such as cellulose acetate polymer, polyamide, polyester, polyimide, vinyl polymer, polysulfone, etc. It is not limited to the film
- the nanofiltration membrane used in the present invention is preferably a spiral membrane element.
- preferable nanofiltration membrane elements include, for example, GE Osmonics GEsepa, which is a cellulose acetate nanofiltration membrane element, Alfa Laval nanofiltration membrane element NF99 or NF99HF having a functional layer of polyamide, and crosslinked piperazine Nanofiltration membrane element manufactured by Filmtec with a functional layer of polyamide NF-45, NF-90, NF-200, NF-270 or NF-400, or nanofiltration manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., which is mainly composed of crosslinked piperazine polyamide
- the company's nanofiltration membrane element SU-210, SU-220, SU-600 or SU-610, including the membrane UTC60 may be mentioned, more preferably NF99 or NF99HF, NF-45, NF-90, NF-200 or NF -400, yes SU-210, SU-220, a SU-600 or SU-610, more preferably
- a composite membrane using a cellulose acetate-based polymer as a functional layer (hereinafter also referred to as a cellulose acetate-based reverse osmosis membrane) or a composite membrane using a polyamide as a functional layer (hereinafter referred to as a functional layer) And a polyamide-based reverse osmosis membrane).
- a cellulose acetate-based polymer organic acid esters of cellulose such as cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate and the like, or a mixture thereof and those using mixed esters can be mentioned. It is done.
- the polyamide includes a linear polymer or a crosslinked polymer having an aliphatic and / or aromatic diamine as a monomer.
- reverse osmosis membrane used in the present invention include, for example, ultra-low pressure type SUL-G10, SUL-G20, low pressure type SU-710, SU-, which are polyamide-based reverse osmosis membrane modules manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.
- SU-720F SU-710L, SU-720L, SU-720LF, SU-720R, SU-710P, SU-720P, high-pressure type SU-810, SU-820 including UTC80 as a reverse osmosis membrane, SU-820L, SU-820FA, the company's cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membrane SC-L100R, SC-L200R, SC-1100, SC-1200, SC-2100, SC-2200, SC-3100, SC-3200, SC-8100 , SC-8200, NTR-759HR, NTR-729HF, NT made by Nitto Denko Corporation -70 SWC, ES10-D, ES20-D, ES20-U, ES15-D, ES15-U, LF10-D, Alfa Laval RO98pHt, RO99, HR98PP, CE4040C-30D, GE GE Sepa, Filmtec BW30-4040 TW30-4040, X
- the term “fermentation-inhibiting substance” as used herein refers to a component other than a sugar that inhibits fermentation in the subsequent fermentation step, and specifically includes aromatic compounds, furan compounds, organic acids, monovalent inorganic salts, and the like. be able to. Examples of such representative aromatic compounds and furan compounds include furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillin, vanillic acid, syringic acid, coniferyl aldehyde, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and the like.
- the organic acid and inorganic salt examples include acetic acid, formic acid, potassium, sodium and the like.
- the sugar concentration of the concentrated sugar solution can be arbitrarily set in the range of 50 g / L to 400 g / L depending on the processing conditions of the nanofiltration membrane and / or reverse osmosis membrane, and can be arbitrarily set according to the use of the concentrated sugar solution, etc. Should be set.
- a nanofiltration membrane compared with a reverse osmosis membrane.
- Whether to use a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane may be selected in view of the concentration of the fermentation inhibitor contained in the mixed sugar solution, or the influence of subsequent fermentation.
- Various chemicals can be produced by growing microorganisms having the ability to produce chemicals using the sugar solution obtained by the present invention as a fermentation raw material.
- growing a microorganism as a fermentation raw material means that a sugar component or an amino source contained in a sugar solution is used as a nutrient for the microorganism to propagate and maintain the growth of the microorganism.
- Specific examples of chemical products include substances that are mass-produced in the fermentation industry, such as alcohols, organic acids, amino acids, and nucleic acids. Such chemical products are accumulated and produced as chemical products inside and outside the body in the process of metabolism using the sugar component in the sugar solution as a carbon source.
- chemicals that can be produced by microorganisms include ethanol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, glycerol and other alcohols, acetic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, itaconic acid, citric acid.
- examples thereof include organic acids such as acids, nucleosides such as inosine and guanosine, nucleotides such as inosinic acid and guanylic acid, and amine compounds such as cadaverine.
- the sugar solution of the present invention can be applied to the production of enzymes, antibiotics, recombinant proteins and the like.
- the microorganism used for the production of such a chemical product may be any microorganism that can efficiently produce the target chemical product, and microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, yeast, filamentous fungi, and basidiomycetes can be used.
- FIG. 1 is a hydrothermal treatment apparatus (1) for hydrothermally treating cellulose-containing biomass to separate a hydrothermally treated product, and hydrolysis for hydrolyzing the cellulose-containing solid matter discharged from the hydrothermal treatment apparatus with cellulase derived from filamentous fungi.
- Apparatus (14), sugar liquid recovery apparatus (23) for solid-liquid separation of a cellulose-containing solid hydrolyzate obtained by the hydrolysis apparatus, and saccharification residue and hydrothermal treatment apparatus separated by the sugar liquid recovery apparatus It is a sugar liquid production apparatus including an enzyme recovery apparatus (28) that mixes, retains heat, and separates solid liquid from the hydrothermal treatment liquid discharged more.
- FIG. 2 is an example of an apparatus including a press filtration device (24, 35), particularly in solid-liquid separation of a sugar liquid recovery apparatus and an enzyme recovery apparatus, and FIG. 3 shows a limit for further separation into cellulase derived from filamentous fungi and sugar liquid. It is an example of an apparatus containing an outer filtration membrane separator (40).
- a hydrothermal treatment apparatus (1) for hydrothermally treating cellulose-containing biomass to solid-liquid separate a hydrothermally treated product heats a heated and pressurized container (2) for performing the hydrothermal treatment and the heated and pressurized container (2).
- a solid-liquid separator (10) for solid-liquid separation of the hydrothermally treated product, a pump (9) for transferring the hydrothermally-treated product to the solid-liquid separator (10), a solid-liquid separator ( 10) Separation membrane (11) installed in the interior of the hydrothermal treatment liquid Seisuru is preferably a device comprising a valve (12).
- the heating device (3) can heat the heat-retaining and pressurized container (2) to a predetermined temperature (170 ° C. to 220 ° C.) of the cellulose-containing biomass.
- the agitator (5) is preferably one that can continuously move the cellulose-containing biomass inside the heat retaining and pressurizing vessel (2), and can homogenize the temperature, cellulosic biomass, and water. Moreover, continuous hydrothermal treatment of the cellulose-containing biomass becomes possible by continuously or intermittently charging new cellulose-containing biomass from the raw material feeder (4) into the heat and pressure vessel (2).
- the solid-liquid separation device (10) includes centrifugation, filtration, sedimentation separation, etc., but a separation method using a separation membrane (11) is preferable because a cellulose-containing solid content having a high solid matter concentration can be obtained.
- the material of the separation membrane (11) can be appropriately selected from metal mesh, woven fabric, non-woven fabric and the like. Since the separated cellulose-containing solid content is a solid, it is preferable to use a belt conveyor (13) for the phase to the hydrolysis apparatus (14).
- the kneading apparatus for hydrolyzing the cellulose-containing solid content filamentous fungus-derived cellulase. It is preferable to perform primary hydrolysis for uniform mixing of cellulose-containing solids and filamentous fungus-derived cellulase and viscosity reduction.
- the kneading device (15) preferably has a stirring and transferring device (16) and a heating device (17) for setting the temperature for hydrolysis.
- the stirring vessel (19) preferably has a heating device (20). It is preferable to have the pump (22) for liquid transfer via the valve
- the sugar liquid recovery device (23) for solid-liquid separation of the hydrolyzate of the cellulose-containing solid obtained by the hydrolysis apparatus is a solid-liquid separation apparatus (24) for separating the sugar liquid and the saccharification residue, and further the solid-liquid
- the separation device may have a separation membrane (25) and a valve (26) for separation.
- the saccharification residue is transferred to the enzyme recovery device (28) by the belt conveyor (27).
- the enzyme recovery device (28) that mixes the saccharification residue separated by the sugar liquid recovery apparatus and the hydrothermal treatment liquid discharged from the hydrothermal treatment apparatus, and retains the temperature and solid-liquid separates the heat exchange for heat exchange of the hydrothermal treatment liquid. It is preferable to have a vessel (29), a heat retaining tank (31) for mixing and keeping the saccharification residue with the saccharification residue, a stirring device (32), and a heat retaining device (30).
- the heat retaining tank (31) is connected to the solid-liquid separator (35) via the valve (33) and the pump (34), and is separated into saccharification residue and recovered enzyme.
- the solid-liquid separator (35) preferably has a separation membrane (36), and the recovered enzyme solution can be adjusted by a valve (38).
- the separated saccharification residue is washed with the washing liquid in the washing liquid tank (37), and the enzyme component in the saccharification residue is recovered. Moreover, the saccharification residue separated into solid and liquid is discharged by the belt conveyor (39). The discharged saccharification residue is preferably transferred to a boiler, converted into steam / electric power, and used for sugar solution production.
- the enzyme recovery device (28) preferably further includes an ultrafiltration membrane separation device (40) that separates the filamentous fungus-derived cellulase and sugar solution.
- the ultrafiltration membrane separation device (40) is provided with a sugar solution storage tank (41), a microfiltration membrane pump (42), and a microfiltration membrane module (43), thereby providing a fine particle component as a pretreatment for ultrafiltration.
- the filtrate of the microfiltration membrane module (43) is once recovered in the microfiltration membrane filtrate tank (44), and further supplied to the ultrafiltration membrane module (46) via the ultrafiltration membrane pump (45), so that the cellulase can be obtained.
- the hemicellulase component can be separated and recovered as a non-permeate.
- the separated enzyme component can be recovered in the microfiltration membrane filtrate tank (44) as an enzyme concentrate. Further, the collected enzyme concentrate is totally collected in the cellulose hydrolyzing apparatus (14) as a collected enzyme by the pump (47).
- the permeate of the ultrafiltration membrane module (46) can be used as a sugar solution that is a raw material for various fermentation productions.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram in the case where the solid-liquid separation in the step (2) and the solid-liquid separation in the step (3) are performed by the same apparatus (membrane separation apparatus).
- the hydrolyzate obtained in the step (2) is supplied to the membrane separation device 48 (preferably a press filtration device or a belt filter device) through the hydrolyzate supply line 50.
- a membrane 49 is installed in the membrane separation device 48, and the saccharification residue is separated on the non-permeation side of the membrane 49 by the pressurization from the membrane side or the negative pressure from the permeation side, and the sugar solution is separated on the permeation side.
- the obtained sugar solution is collected by the collection line 51.
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid is supplied to the saccharification residue through the hydrolyzate supply line 50 or the hydrothermal treatment supply line 51 independent of the same as in the step (2), with respect to the saccharification residue separated on the membrane surface.
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid supplied to the saccharification residue permeates the saccharification residue by pressure from the membrane side or negative pressure from the permeation side, and is further collected on the permeation side of the membrane.
- the saccharification residue can be washed with a hydrothermal treatment liquid.
- the cleaning liquid can be recovered from the recovery line 51, and the recovered cleaning liquid can be further passed through the saccharification residue a plurality of times through the hydrolyzate supply line 50 or the hydrothermal treatment supply line 51.
- the recovered enzyme amount of filamentous fungus-derived cellulase that can be recovered in step (3) is 1) crystalline cellulose decomposition activity, 2) cellobiose decomposition activity, and 3) xylan decomposition.
- the activity was quantified by measuring three kinds of degradation activities (hereinafter referred to as activity values).
- Cellobiose decomposition activity Cellobiose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 500 mg / L, sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) is added to the enzyme solution so as to be 100 mM, and the reaction is carried out at 50 ° C. for 0.5 hour. I let you. The reaction solution was adjusted with a 1 mL tube, and the reaction was carried out while rotating and mixing under the above conditions. After the reaction, the tube was centrifuged, and the glucose concentration of the supernatant component was measured. The glucose concentration was measured according to the method described in Reference Example 2. For the cellobiose degradation activity, the produced glucose concentration (g / L) was used as an active amount as it was, and used for comparison of the amount of recovered enzyme.
- xylan decomposition activity To the enzyme solution, xylan (Birch wood xylan, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 10 g / L, sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 5.0) was added to a concentration of 100 mM. Reacted for hours. The reaction solution was adjusted with a 1 mL tube, and the reaction was carried out while rotating and mixing under the above conditions. After the reaction, the tube was centrifuged, and the xylose concentration of the supernatant component was measured. The xylose concentration was measured according to the method described in Reference Example 2. For the xylose decomposition activity, the produced xylose concentration (g / L) was used as it was as the active amount, and used for comparison of the recovered enzyme amount.
- xylan (Birch wood xylan, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 10 g / L, sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 5.0) was added to a concentration of 100 mM
- Aromatic compound analysis column Synergi HideRP 4.6 mm ⁇ 250 mm (Phenomenex)
- Mobile phase Acetonitrile-0.1% H 3 PO 4 (flow rate 1.0 mL / min)
- Detection method UV (283 nm)
- Temperature 40 ° C.
- Acetic acid / formic acid / lactic acid analysis column Shim-Pack SPR-H (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) in series mobile phase: 5 mM p-toluenesulfonic acid (flow rate 0.8 mL / min) Reaction solution: 5 mM p-toluenesulfonic acid, 20 mM Bistris, 0.1 mM EDTA ⁇ 2Na (flow rate 0.8 mL / min) Detection method: electric conductivity temperature: 45 ° C.
- the sample was transferred to a stainless steel bat and air-dried in a laboratory atmosphere until the equilibrium was approximately reached.
- the sample was pulverized by a Willet mill, and the particle size was adjusted to about 200 to 500 ⁇ m by sieving.
- the sample after this condition adjustment was vacuum-dried at a temperature of 60 ° C., and the content of each component on an absolute dry basis was calculated by correcting the absolute dry mass.
- 0.3 g of this analytical sample was weighed into a beaker using a balance, 3 mL of 72% sulfuric acid was added thereto, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 30 ° C. with occasional stirring for 1 hour.
- This reaction solution was completely transferred to a pressure-resistant bottle with 84 mL of purified water, and then thermally decomposed in an autoclave at a temperature of 120 ° C. for 1 hour. After the thermal decomposition, the decomposition solution and the residue were separated by filtration, and added to the filtrate and the residue washing solution to make a constant volume of 100 mL.
- an addition recovery test using a monosaccharide was performed in parallel to correct the excessive decomposition of the sugar during the thermal decomposition.
- Monosaccharides xylose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, galactose
- the constituent sugar amount in the sample was calculated from the monosaccharide concentration of the obtained decomposition solution and the sample decomposition amount.
- Example 1 Hydrothermal treatment condition setting (step (1)) Rice straw was pulverized with a rotary cutter mill RCM-400 (8 mm mesh) manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd. at a rotation speed of 420 rpm. Thereafter, hydrothermal treatment was performed.
- the device used was a blasting device (reactor 2L size) manufactured by Nippon Electric Heat Co., Ltd.
- the steam generator used a 40 kW electric boiler. Since the processing temperature is uniquely determined when the set processing pressure is set, various reaction conditions were examined by changing the processing pressure and processing time as shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Preparation of hydrothermal treatment liquid and cellulose-containing solid content (step (1))
- the hydrothermally treated product obtained under the condition of test number 7 described in Example 1 (at 215 ° C. for 5 minutes) was centrifuged at 3000 G for 10 minutes to separate and recover the hydrothermally treated liquid, and the resulting solid matter A series of operations for adding water further, centrifuging, and removing the supernatant were performed twice.
- the obtained solid was used as a cellulose-containing solid in the following examples and comparative examples.
- Example 1 Hydrolysis when mixing cellulose-containing solid content and hydrothermal treatment liquid 1 g / L of "Accel Lace Duet" used in Example 1 was compared to 1 g of cellulose-containing solid content of Example 2. It added so that it might become final concentration of 8 g / L, 0.5 g / L, and 0.35 g / L, and it hydrolyzed at 50 degreeC for 24 hours. Moreover, the hydrothermal treatment liquid obtained in Example 2 was added and prepared so that the solid substance density
- Example 3 Hydrolysis of cellulose-containing solid (Step (2)) “Accel lace duet” used in Example 1 has final concentrations of 1 g / L, 0.8 g / L, 0.5 g / L, and 0.35 g / L with respect to 1 g of cellulose-containing solid content of Example 2. And then hydrolyzed at 50 ° C. for 24 hours. RO water was added and prepared so that the solid concentration of the cellulose-containing solid content was 10 wt%. The pH at the time of hydrolysis was adjusted with dilute sulfuric acid and dilute sodium hydroxide so that the pH ranged from 4.6 to 5.4. The obtained hydrolyzate was centrifuged and separated into 8 g of sugar solution and 2 g of saccharification residue. The results of measuring the glucose concentration of the sugar solution are shown in Table 3.
- the amount of glucose produced with the same saccharifying enzyme amount was only that of the cellulose-containing solid content of Example 3.
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid contains a component that inhibits hydrolysis of the cellulose-containing solid content, and it was shown that the amount of glucose produced and the amount of sugar produced increase when separated.
- Example 2 Enzymatic saccharification of hydrothermally treated liquid
- the final result of “Accel Race Duet” used in Example 1 was 0.04 g / L to 0.8 g / L with respect to the hydrothermally treated liquid obtained in Example 2 It added so that it might become a density
- Example 4 Washing of saccharification residue with hydrothermal treatment liquid (step (3))
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid was added at a weight ratio of 1: 4 and 1: 8 with respect to 2 g (containing water) of the saccharification residue obtained when the addition concentration of “Accel Race Duet” in Example 3 was 0.8 g / L.
- the mixture was kept at 50 ° C. for 0 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours to wash the saccharification residue. After washing, the supernatant for each reaction time was centrifuged (8000 G, 20 minutes), and the supernatant was collected (1: 4: 8 g, 1: 8: 16 g). Concentration of glucose and xylose contained in the washing solution was measured by the method of Reference Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 4 it was found that the production amount of xylose increased in Example 4 as compared with Comparative Example 3 (Table 6). This was thought to be because xylan or xylo-oligosaccharides in the hydrothermal treatment solution were hydrolyzed by the action of enzyme components adsorbed on the saccharification residue. This coincides with the tendency that the amount of xylose produced increases remarkably by adding the fungal cellulase to the hydrothermal treatment liquid of Comparative Example 2 described above.
- Example 5 Enzyme recovery from saccharification residue washing solution by hydrothermal treatment solution (step (4))
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid was added at a weight ratio of 1: 4 to the saccharification residue 2 g (containing water) obtained when the addition concentration of “Accel Race Duet” of Example 3 was 0.8 g / L, and at 50 ° C.
- the mixture was kept warm for 24 hours, and the saccharification residue was washed. After washing, the supernatant for each reaction time was collected by centrifugation (8000 G, 20 minutes) to obtain 8 g of washing solution. 8 g of the cleaning solution was further filtered using a Millex HV filter unit filtration (Millipore, 33 mm, PVDF, pore size 0.45 ⁇ m).
- the obtained filtrate was filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 10,000 (VARISPIN 20 material: PES, manufactured by Sartorius steady biotech), and centrifuged at 4500 G until the membrane fraction became 1 mL. Distilled water (10 mL) was added to the membrane fraction and centrifuged again at 4500 G until the membrane fraction reached 0.5 mL. Thereafter, the enzyme was recovered from the membrane fraction. Each activity of the recovered enzyme was measured according to Reference Example 2.
- each activity of the recovered enzyme collected from the saccharification residue washing solution by the hydrothermal treatment solution ( Avicel decomposition activity, cellobiose decomposition activity, xylan decomposition activity) were found to be higher. That is, it was considered that enzyme recovery was promoted by the components contained in the hydrothermal treatment liquid.
- Example 6 Component analysis of hydrothermal treatment liquid
- the inorganic ion concentration contained in the hydrothermal treatment liquid was measured according to the procedure of Reference Example 3. As a result, as shown in Table 8, it was found that the hydrothermal treatment liquid contains 1 g / L or more of inorganic ions, and particularly contains a lot of potassium components.
- Example 7 Separation analysis of recovered enzyme by SDS-PAGE
- the recovered enzyme solutions of Comparative Example 4, Comparative Example 5 and Example 5 were analyzed by SDS-PAGE.
- a sample preparation buffer (Ez Apply, ATTO) was added to each recovered enzyme solution, and SDS-PAGE (e-PAGE, 15% gel concentration, ATTO) was performed. Staining was performed with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (BioSafecoomastain Stain, BioRAD).
- a molecular weight marker (PrecisionPlus Protein Standard, Kaleidoscope, BioRAD) was used. The results are shown in FIG. Compared to Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5, it was confirmed that the recovered enzyme component of Example 5 was increased. Moreover, it has confirmed that the component which collection
- Example 8 Ethanol Fermentation Production Using Sugar Liquid as Fermentation Raw Material Using the sugar liquid obtained in Example 4 as a fermentation raw material, an ethanol fermentation test using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae OC-2: wine yeast) was performed. . The yeast was precultured in YPD medium (2% glucose, 1% yeast extract (Bacto Yeast Extract / BD), 2% polypeptone (manufactured by Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) for 1 day at 25 ° C. The obtained culture broth was added to the first sugar solution so as to be 1%, and the microorganism was added, followed by incubation for 2 days at 25 ° C.
- yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae OC-2: wine yeast
- Example 9 Lactic acid fermentation production using sugar solution as fermentation raw material Using the sugar solution obtained in Example 4 as fermentation raw material, Lactococcus lactis JCM7638 strain, which is a lactic acid bacterium, was cultured at a temperature of 37 ° C for 24 hours. The culture was stationary. As a result of analyzing the L-lactic acid concentration contained in the culture solution under the conditions of Reference Example 3, it was confirmed that L-lactic acid was accumulated at 11 g / L, and lactic acid production was possible with the sugar solution of the present invention. It could be confirmed.
- Example 10 Washing of saccharification residue with hydrothermal treatment liquid (step (3)): Influence of temperature of hydrothermal treatment liquid Obtained when the concentration of “Accel Race Duet” in Example 3 is 0.8 g / L Hydrothermal treatment liquid was added at a weight ratio of 1: 4 to 2 g (containing water) of the saccharification residue, and the temperature was kept at 4 ° C, 25 ° C, 40 ° C, 60 ° C, 70 ° C, 80 ° C. The saccharification residue was washed. After washing, the supernatant for each reaction time was collected by centrifugation (8000 G, 20 minutes) to obtain 8 g of washing solution. The glucose and xylose concentrations contained in each cleaning solution were measured by the method of Reference Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 10 and 11.
- the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment liquid at the time of washing is preferably in the range of 40 to 60 ° C. because oligohydrolysis progresses most in the hydrothermal treatment liquid and both glucose and xylose in the washing liquid increase.
- Example 11 Enzyme recovery from saccharification residue washing solution (Example 10) by hydrothermal treatment solution (Step (4)) 8 g of each cleaning solution obtained in Example 10 was filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane in the same procedure as Example 5 to recover the enzyme in the cleaning solution. Each activity of the recovered enzyme was measured according to Reference Example 2. For comparison, each enzyme activity of only “Accel Race Duet” (0.8 g / L) was measured according to Reference Example 2, and the activity at that time was defined as 100 (%), and relative values of cellulase and hemi Cellulase activity is summarized in Table 12.
- the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment liquid at the time of washing is preferably in the range of 40 to 60 ° C. because the enzyme activity (Avicel decomposition activity, cellobiose decomposition activity, xylan decomposition activity) in the cleaning liquid is most improved.
- Example 12 Washing of saccharification residue with hydrothermal treatment liquid using a press filtration device (step (3)), enzyme recovery from the washing solution (step (4))
- step (3) To 100 g of the cellulose-containing solid in Example 2, “Accel lace duet” was added to a final concentration of 0.8 g / L, followed by hydrolysis at 50 ° C. for 24 hours. At this time, RO water was added and prepared so that the solid concentration of the cellulose-containing solid content was 10 wt% (total 10 L).
- the obtained hydrolyzate 10L was subjected to press filtration using a small filter press (filter press MO-4 manufactured by Iwata Sangyo).
- a polyester woven cloth (T2731C manufactured by Iwata Sangyo) was used as the filter cloth.
- the slurry liquid 10L was put in a small tank, the liquid inlet was opened while aerated with compressed air from the bottom, and the slurry liquid was gradually introduced into the filter chamber by an air pump (Taiyo International 66053-3EB).
- the filter press filtrate was recovered as a sugar solution ((Step (3))).
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid expanded the attached diaphragm and performed the pressing process.
- the pressing pressure was gradually increased, raised to 0.5 MPa, and allowed to stand for about 30 minutes, and the filtrate was further recovered as a sugar solution.
- the sugar solution recovered as a filtrate was 7 L.
- the saccharification residue separated in the filter chamber was preliminarily kept at 50 ° C., and 5 L of hydrothermal treatment liquid was passed and circulated.
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid was placed in a small tank, the liquid inlet was opened, and the hydrothermal treatment liquid was passed through the saccharification residue separated in the filter chamber by an air pump. After the water flow, the gradually obtained filtrate was kept at 50 ° C. again and then repeated to return to the small tank. After performing this operation regularly for 2 hours, the squeezing pressure was gradually increased again, and after raising the pressure to 0.5 MPa, it was left for about 30 minutes to collect 5 L of the cleaning liquid.
- the obtained cleaning liquid 5L was filtered using a steric cup HV filter unit (Millipore).
- the obtained filtrate was a small flat membrane filtration device (“Sepa” (registered trademark) manufactured by GE Osmonics) on which a flat membrane of an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 10,000 (GE SEPA PW series, functional surface material: polyethersulfone) was set. ) Filtered through CF II Med / High Foulant System) to separate the recovered enzyme and saccharide component. Filtration separates 4.5L out of 5L as filtrate while controlling the operating pressure so that the raw water flow rate is 2.5L / min and the membrane flux is constant at 0.1m / D, and 0.5L is recovered.
- the sugar solution obtained by the method for producing a sugar solution of the present invention can be used as a fermentation raw material for various chemical products.
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Abstract
Description
[1]セルロース含有バイオマスからの糖液の製造方法であって、以下の工程(1)~(3)を含む、糖液の製造方法。
工程(1):セルロース含有バイオマスを水熱処理後、水熱処理液とセルロース含有固形分に分離する工程。
工程(2):工程(1)のセルロース含有固形分に糸状菌由来セルラーゼを添加してセルロースを加水分解後、糖化残さと糖液に分離する工程。
工程(3):工程(1)の水熱処理液で工程(2)の糖化残さを洗浄して、糖化残さに吸着した糸状菌由来セルラーゼを水熱処理液中に溶出させた後、固液分離により糸状菌由来セルラーゼを含む溶液成分を得る工程。
[2]工程(3)で得られた溶液成分を限外濾過膜に通じて濾過することにより非透過液として糸状菌由来セルラーゼを回収するとともに、透過液として糖液を得る工程(4)を含む、[1]に記載の糖液の製造方法。
[3]工程(4)で回収した糸状菌由来セルラーゼを工程(2)のセルロース加水分解に再利用する、[2]に記載の糖液の製造方法。
[4]糸状菌由来セルラーゼがトリコデルマ由来セルラーゼである、[1]から[3]のいずれかに記載の糖液の製造方法。
[5]工程(1)の水熱処理が120~240℃の温度範囲での処理である、[1]から[4]のいずれかに記載の糖液の製造方法。
[6]工程(3)の水熱処理液が無機イオン、酢酸および/またはフルフラールを合計1g/L以上含む、[1]から[5]のいずれかに記載の糖液の製造方法。
[7]工程(3)において30~70℃の水熱処理液で糖化残さを洗浄する、[1]から[6]のいずれかに記載の糖液の製造方法。
[8]工程(2)として膜分離によって糖化残さと糖液を分離し、工程(3)として該膜面上の糖化残さに対して水熱処理液を垂直方向に通水させて糖化残さを洗浄して糸状菌由来セルラーゼを含む溶液成分を得る、[1]から[7]のいずれかに記載の糖液の製造方法。
[9]膜分離がプレス濾過またはベルトフィルターによる膜分離である、[8]に記載の糖液の製造方法。
[10][1]から[9]のいずれかに記載の方法により糖液を製造する工程および該糖液を発酵原料として化学品を生産する能力を有する微生物を培養して化学品を製造する工程を含む、化学品の製造方法。
[11]セルロース含有バイオマスを水熱処理して水熱処理物を固液分離する水熱処理装置、該水熱処理装置より排出されるセルロース含有固形分を糸状菌由来セルラーゼにより加水分解する加水分解装置、該加水分解装置で得られるセルロース含有固形分の加水分解物を固液分離する糖液回収装置、ならびに糖液回収装置で分離された糖化残さと該水熱処理装置より排出される水熱処理液を混合、保温および固液分離する酵素回収装置を含む、糖液製造装置。
[12]糖液回収装置および酵素回収装置が一体化した装置である、[11]に記載の糖液製造装置。
[13]糖液回収装置および酵素回収装置が一体化した装置が膜分離装置である、[12]に記載の糖液製造装置。
[14]膜分離装置がプレス濾過装置またはベルトフィルター装置である、[13]に記載の糖液製造装置。
[15]前記酵素回収装置が、糸状菌由来セルラーゼと糖液に分離する限外濾過膜分離装置を含む、[11]から[14]のいずれかに記載の糖液製造装置。
セルロース含有バイオマスとは、バガス、スイッチグラス、ネピアグラス、エリアンサス、コーンストーバー、コーンコブ、稲わら、麦わら、椰子殻、などの草本系バイオマス、あるいは樹木、ポプラ、廃建材などの木質系バイオマス、さらに藻類、海草、など水生環境由来のバイオマスのことを指す。こうしたバイオマスには、セルロースおよびヘミセルロース(以下、セルロースとヘミセルロースの総称として「セルロース」という。)の他に芳香族高分子であるリグニン等を含有している。
工程(2)では、工程(1)にて固液分離したセルロース含有固形分に糸状菌由来セルラーゼを添加し、セルロースの加水分解後、糖化残さと糖液に分離する。
工程(3)では、水熱処理液で糖化残さを洗浄することで、水熱処理液中に含まれるバイオマス抽出成分を活用して糖化残さに吸着(結合)してある糸状菌由来セルラーゼを水熱処理液中に溶出(脱離)させる。その一方で、水熱処理液に含まれる糖以外の成分による効果により、糖化残さに吸着したセルラーゼおよびヘミセルラーゼの水熱処理液中への脱離が促進される。これは水熱処理液に含まれる無機イオン、酢酸および/またはフルフラール濃度が高い程、糖化残さに吸着した糸状菌由来セルラーゼの脱離効果が高いからである。工程(3)での水熱処理液には無機イオン、酢酸および/またはフルフラールそれらが合計1g/L以上含まれる水熱処理液であることが好ましい。また、水熱処理液で糖化残さを洗浄することの別の効果として、水熱処理液中に含まれるオリゴ糖が、糖化残さに吸着した糸状菌由来セルラーゼの作用によって加水分解される。水熱処理液の加水分解によって主にキシロースの量が増大する。
本発明の糖液の製造方法で得られた糖液は、さらにWO2010/067785号に記載される方法である、ナノ濾過膜および/または逆浸透膜に通じて濾過することにより、非透過液として、糖成分が濃縮された濃縮糖液を得ることができる。
本発明により得られた糖液を発酵原料として化学品を生産する能力を有する微生物を生育させることで、各種化学品を製造することができる。ここでいう発酵原料として微生物を生育させるとは、糖液に含まれる糖成分あるいはアミノ源を微生物の栄養素として利用し、微生物の増殖、生育維持を行うことを意味している。化学品の具体例としては、アルコール、有機酸、アミノ酸、核酸など発酵工業において大量生産されている物質を挙げることができる。こうした化学品は、糖液中の糖成分を炭素源として、その代謝の過程において生体内外に化学品として蓄積生産する。微生物によって生産可能な化学品の具体例として、エタノール、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、グリセロールなどのアルコール、酢酸、乳酸、ピルビン酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸、イタコン酸、クエン酸などの有機酸、イノシン、グアノシンなどのヌクレオシド、イノシン酸、グアニル酸などのヌクレオチド、カダベリンなどのアミン化合物を挙げることができる。さらに、本発明の糖液は、酵素、抗生物質、組換えタンパク質などの生産に適用することも可能である。こうした化学品の製造に使用する微生物に関しては、目的の化学品を効率的に生産可能な微生物であればよく、大腸菌、酵母、糸状菌、担子菌などの微生物を使用することができる。
本発明の糖液の製造方法を実施するための装置に関して、図1~4に基づき説明する。
糖液に含まれるグルコースおよびキシロース濃度は、下記に示すHPLC条件で、標品との比較により定量した。
カラム:Luna NH2(Phenomenex社製)
移動相:ミリQ:アセトニトリル=25:75(流速0.6mL/分)
反応液:なし
検出方法:RI(示差屈折率)
温度:30℃。
工程(3)で回収できる糸状菌由来セルラーゼの回収酵素量は、1)結晶セルロース分解活性、2)セロビオース分解活性、3)キシラン分解活性、の3種の分解活性(以下、活性値という。)を測定することにより定量した。
酵素液(所定条件で調整)に対し、結晶セルロースであるアビセル(メルク社製、Cellulose Microcrystalline)を1g/L、酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH 5.0)を100mMとなるよう添加し、50℃で24時間反応させた。反応液は1mLチューブで調整し、前記条件にて回転混和しながら反応を行った。反応後、チューブを遠心分離し、その上清成分のグルコース濃度を測定した。グルコース濃度は、参考例2に記載の方法に準じて測定した。結晶セルロース分解活性は、生成したグルコース濃度(g/L)をそのまま活性量として使用し、回収酵素量の比較に使用した。
酵素液に対し、セロビオース(和光純薬工業株式会社製)500mg/L、酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH 5.0)を100mMとなるよう添加し、50℃で0.5時間反応させた。反応液は1mLチューブで調整し、前記条件にて回転混和しながら反応を行った。反応後、チューブを遠心分離し、その上清成分のグルコース濃度を測定した。グルコース濃度は、参考例2に記載の方法に準じて測定した。セロビオース分解活性は、生成したグルコース濃度(g/L)をそのまま活性量として使用し、回収酵素量の比較に使用した。
酵素液に対し、キシラン(Birch wood xylan、和光純薬工業株式会社製)10g/L、酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH 5.0)を100mMとなるよう添加し、50℃で4時間反応させた。反応液は1mLチューブで調整し、前記条件にて回転混和しながら反応を行った。反応後、チューブを遠心分離し、その上清成分のキシロース濃度を測定した。キシロース濃度は、参考例2に記載の方法に準じて測定した。キシロース分解活性は、生成したキシロース濃度(g/L)をそのまま活性量として使用し、回収酵素量の比較に使用した。
糖液に含まれるカチオンおよびアニオン濃度、芳香族化合物濃度、酢酸・ギ酸濃度は、下記に示すHPLC条件で、標品との比較により定量した。
カラム:Ion Pac AS22(DIONEX社製)
移動相:4.5mM Na2CO3/1.4mM NaHCO3(流速1.0mL/分)
反応液:なし
検出方法:電気伝導度(サプレッサ使用)
温度:30℃。
カラム:Ion Pac CS12A(DIONEX社製)
移動相:20mMメタンスルホン酸(流速1.0mL/分)
反応液:なし
検出方法:電気伝導度(サプレッサ使用)
温度:30℃。
カラム:Synergi HidroRP 4.6mm×250mm(Phenomenex製)
移動相:アセトニトリル-0.1% H3PO4(流速1.0mL/min)
検出方法:UV(283nm)
温度:40℃。
カラム:Shim-Pack SPR-H(株式会社島津製作所製)の直列
移動相:5mM p-トルエンスルホン酸(流速0.8mL/min)
反応液:5mM p-トルエンスルホン酸、20mM ビストリス、0.1mM EDTA・2Na(流速0.8mL/min)
検出方法:電気伝導度
温度:45℃。
LAP法(“Determination of Structural Carbohydrates and Lignin in Biomass, Laboratory Analytical Procedure(LAP)”)を参考に、次に示す方法で組成を分析した。
稲わらを奈良機械製作所製のロータリーカッターミル・RCM-400(8mmメッシュ)にて回転速度420回転/分で粉砕した。その後、水熱処理を行った。装置は、日本電熱株式会社製の爆砕装置(反応器2Lサイズ)を使用した。蒸気発生装置は40kWの電気ボイラを使用した。設定した処理圧力を設定すると一義的に処理温度も決定するため、反応条件は、表1の通り処理圧力および処理時間を変更して各種条件を検討した。本条件で1回200gの粉砕した稲ワラを投入し、表1の条件下で反応を行い、爆砕処理した含水した固形分を2Lの水を加えて攪拌し、日立工機株式会社製のラボ用遠心分離機“HimacCF7D2”を用いて5000rpmで水熱処理液とセルロース含有固形分に分離した。分離したセルロース含有固形分の構成糖分析を行った。その後、各爆砕処理物について、含水率を測定し、水および1N 水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を添加してpHを4.6~5.0の範囲に調整し、最終的に固形分濃度が5%となるように水をさらに添加しスラリー液を調整した。さらに、スラリー液に各爆砕処理物の乾燥重量に対して酵素重量が100分の1となるようにジェネンコア製の糸状菌由来セルラーゼ(トリコデルマ由来セルラーゼ)“アクセルレースデュエット”(酵素濃度:40g/L)を添加して、グルコース成分およびキシロース成分の糖化率を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1記載の試験番号7の条件(215℃、5分の条件)で得られた水熱処理物に関して、3000Gで10分遠心分離を行い、水熱処理液を分離回収し、得られた固形物にさらに水を添加し、遠心分離、上清を除去する一連の操作を2回行った。得られた固形物をセルロース含有固形分として、以下、実施例および比較例に使用した。
実施例2のセルロース含有固形分1gに対し、実施例1で使用した“アクセルレースデュエット”が1g/L、0.8g/L、0.5g/L、0.35g/Lの最終濃度となるように添加し、50℃、24時間、加水分解を行った。また、セルロース含有固形分の固形物濃度は、10wt%になるよう実施例2で得られた水熱処理液を添加し調製した。また加水分解時のpHは、pH4.6~5.4の範囲となるよう希硫酸および希水酸化ナトリウムで調製した。得られた加水分解物は、遠心分離を行い、糖液8gと、糖化残さ2gに分離した。糖液のグルコース濃度を測定した結果を表2に示す。
実施例2のセルロース含有固形分1gに対し、実施例1で使用した“アクセルレースデュエット”が1g/L、0.8g/L、0.5g/L、0.35g/Lの最終濃度となるように添加し、50℃、24時間、加水分解を行った。セルロース含有固形分の固形物濃度は、10wt%になるようRO水を添加し調製した。また加水分解時のpHは、pH4.6~5.4の範囲となるよう希硫酸および希水酸化ナトリウムで調製した。得られた加水分解物は、遠心分離を行い、糖液8gと、糖化残さ2gに分離した。糖液のグルコース濃度を測定した結果を表3に示す。
実施例2で得られた水熱処理液に対して、実施例1で使用した“アクセルレースデュエット”が0.04g/L~0.8g/Lの最終濃度となるように添加し、50℃、24時間、加水分解を行った。反応後、水熱処理液を遠心分離し、上清成分のグルコースおよびキシロース濃度の測定を実施した。得られた分析結果を表4に示す。
実施例3での“アクセルレースデュエット”添加濃度が0.8g/Lの場合に得られた糖化残さ2g(含水)に対して、水熱処理液を1:4、1:8の重量比率で添加し、50℃で、0時間、6時間、24時間、48時間、72時間保温し、糖化残さを洗浄した。洗浄後、各反応時間の洗浄液を遠心分離(8000G、20分)にて上清を回収し(1:4の場合:8g、1:8の場合:16g)洗浄液中に含まれるグルコースおよびキシロース濃度を参考例1の手法にて測定した。この結果を表5および表6に示す。
実施例4の糖化残さ重量2g(含水)に対して、RO水を1:4、1:8の比率で添加し、50℃で、0時間、6時間、24時間、48時間、72時間保温後、遠心分離(8000G、20分)にて上清を回収した(1:4の場合:8g、1:8の場合:16g)。各上清のグルコースおよびキシロース濃度を参考例1の手法にて測定した結果を表5および表6に示す。
実施例3の“アクセルレースデュエット”添加濃度が0.8g/Lの場合に得られた糖化残さ2g(含水)に対して、水熱処理液を1:4の重量比率で添加し、50℃で、24時間、保温し、糖化残さを洗浄した。洗浄後、各反応時間の洗浄液を遠心分離(8000G、20分)にて上清を回収し、8gの洗浄液を得た。前記洗浄液8gをさらにマイレクスHVフィルターユニット濾過(ミリポア社、33mm、PVDF製、細孔径0.45μm)を使用して濾過を行った。得られた濾液は、分画分子量10000の限外濾過膜(Sartorius stedim biotech社製 VIVASPIN 20 材質:PES)で濾過し、膜画分が1mLになるまで4500Gにて遠心した。蒸留水10mLを膜画分に添加し、再度膜画分が0.5mLになるまで4500Gにて遠心した。この後、膜画分から酵素を回収した。回収酵素の各活性は、参考例2に準じて測定した。また比較のため、“アクセルレースデュエット”(0.8g/L)のみの各酵素活性を参考例2に準じて測定を行い、その際の活性を100(%)として、相対値としてセルラーゼおよびヘミセルラーゼの活性を表7にまとめた。
実施例3での“アクセルレースデュエット”添加濃度が0.8g/Lの場合に得られた糖液(8g)を、さらにマイレクスHVフィルターユニット(ミリポア社、33mm、PVDF製、細孔径0.45μm)を使用して濾過を行った。得られた濾液は、分画分子量10000の限外濾過膜(Sartorius stedim biotech社製 VIVASPIN 20 材質:PES)で濾過し、膜画分が0.5mLになるまで4500Gにて遠心した。蒸留水10mLを膜画分に添加し、再度膜画分が0.5mLになるまで4500Gにて遠心した。この後、膜画分から酵素を回収した。回収酵素の各活性は、参考例4に準じて測定した(表7)。
実施例3の“アクセルレースデュエット”添加濃度が0.8g/Lの場合に得られた糖化残さ2g(含水)に対して、RO水を1:4で添加し、50℃で24時間加水分解)をさらにマイレクスHVフィルターユニット(ミリポア社、33mm、PVDF製、細孔径0.45μm)を使用して濾過を行った。得られた濾液は、分画分子量10000の限外濾過膜(Sartorius stedim biotech社製 VIVASPIN 20 材質:PES)で濾過し、膜画分が1mLになるまで4500Gにて遠心した。蒸留水10mLを膜画分に添加し、再度膜画分が0.5mLになるまで4500Gにて遠心した。この後、膜画分から酵素を回収した。回収酵素の各活性は、参考例4に準じて測定した(表7)。
水熱処理液に含まれる無機イオン濃度を参考例3の手順にて測定を実施した。その結果は表8に示すとおり水熱処理液には無機イオンが1g/L以上含まれ、特にカリウム成分を多く含むことが判明した。
比較例4、比較例5、実施例5の各回収酵素液に関して、SDS-PAGEによる分析を実施した。各回収酵素液には、サンプル調整液緩衝液(Ez Apply、ATTO社)を添加し、SDS-PAGE(e-PAGEL、15% ゲル濃度、ATTO社)を行った。染色は、クマシーブリリアントブルー(BioSafecoomassie Stain、BioRAD社)にて行った。なお分子量を測定するために、分子量マーカー(PrecisionPlus Protein Standard、 Kaleidoscope、BioRAD社)を使用した。結果を、図5に示す。比較例4および比較例5に対して、実施例5の回収酵素成分の方が増大していることが確認できた。また、分子量マーカーとの比較により、実施例5にて回収が向上している成分は、セロビオハイドラーゼ成分、キシラナーゼ成分であることが確認できた(図5)。
実施例4で得られた糖液を発酵原料として使用して、酵母(Saccharomycecs cerevisiae OC-2:ワイン酵母)によるエタノール発酵試験を行った。前述酵母をYPD培地(2% グルコース、1% 酵母エキス(Bacto Yeast Extract/BD社)、2% ポリペプトン(日本製薬株式会社製)にて、1日間25℃で前培養を行った。次に、得られた培養液を、第一の糖液に対し、1%となるように添加した。微生物を添加後、25℃で2日間インキュベートした。この操作で得られた培養液に含まれるエタノール蓄積濃度は、ガスクロマトグラフ法(Shimadzu GC-2010キャピラリーGC TC-1(GL science) 15 meter L.*0.53mm I.D.,df1.5μmを用いて、水素塩イオン化検出器により検出・算出して評価。)で測定した。その結果、培養液中には8g/Lのエタノールが含まれることが確認できた。すなわち、本発明の糖液発酵原料としてエタノールが製造できることが確認できた。
実施例4で得られた糖液を発酵原料として使用して、乳酸菌であるラクトコッカス・ラクティスJCM7638株を24時間、37℃の温度で静置培養した。培養液に含まれるL-乳酸濃度を参考例3の条件で分析した結果、L-乳酸が11g/L蓄積していることが確認され、本発明の糖液により乳酸生産が可能であることが確認できた。
実施例3での“アクセルレースデュエット”添加濃度が0.8g/Lの場合に得られた糖化残さ2g(含水)に対して、水熱処理液を1:4の重量比率で添加し、温度を4℃、25℃、40℃、60℃、70℃、80℃の各温度で保温し、糖化残さを洗浄した。洗浄後、各反応時間の洗浄液を遠心分離(8000G、20分)にて上清を回収し、8gの洗浄液を得た。各洗浄液に含まれるグルコースおよびキシロース濃度を参考例1の手法にて測定した。この結果を表10および11に示す。
実施例10で得られた各洗浄液8gを、実施例5と同じ手順で限外濾過膜によって濾過して洗浄液中の酵素を回収した。回収酵素の各活性は、参考例2に準じて測定した。また比較のため、“アクセルレースデュエット”(0.8g/L)のみの各酵素活性を参考例2に準じて測定を行い、その際の活性を100(%)として、相対値としてセルラーゼおよびヘミセルラーゼの活性を表12にまとめた。
実施例2のセルロース含有固形物100gに対して、“アクセルレースデュエット”が0.8g/L、の最終濃度となるように添加し、50℃、24時間、加水分解を行った。このとき、セルロース含有固形分の固形物濃度は、10wt%になるようRO水を添加し調製した(合計10L)。得られた加水分解物10Lは、プレス濾過は小型フィルタプレス装置(薮田産業製フィルタプレス MO-4)を用いた。ろ布はポリエステル製織布(薮田産業製 T2731C)を使用した。スラリー液10Lを小型タンクの中に入れて下から圧縮空気で曝気しながら液投入口を開いてエアーポンプ(タイヨーインタナショナル製 66053-3EB)で徐々に濾室内にスラリー液を投入した。スラリー投入後、フィルタプレス濾液を糖液として回収した((工程(3)))。水熱処理液は、付設されているダイヤフラムを膨らませて圧搾工程を行った。徐々に圧搾圧力を上昇させていき、0.5MPaまで上昇させてから約30分間放置して濾液を糖液としてさらに回収した。濾液として回収できた糖液は7Lであった。次に濾室に分離された糖化残さに対して、予め50℃に保温しておいて、水熱処理液5Lを通水および循環を行った。水熱処理液を小型タンクに入れ、液投入口を開いて、エアーポンプで濾室内に分離された糖化残さに水熱処理液を通水した。通水後、徐々に得られた濾液は、再度50℃に保温した後、小型タンクに戻す循環操作を繰り返した。この操作を定期的に2時間行った後、再度、徐々に圧搾圧力を上昇させていき、0.5MPaまで上昇させてから約30分間放置して洗浄液5Lを回収した。
実施例12と同じ手順で、前記水熱処理液の代わりに、RO水を同じ手順で通水および循環を行った。また実施例12と同じ手順で洗浄液より回収酵素を得た。このときの回収酵素活性を1として表13に示す。比較のため、アクセルレースデゥエット(0.8g/L)のみの各酵素活性を参考例2に準じて測定を行い、その際の活性を100(%)として、相対値としてセルラーゼおよびヘミセルラーゼの活性を表13にまとめた。
2 保温加圧容器
3 加熱装置
4 原料フィーダー
5 攪拌装置
6 移送装置
7 圧力開放槽
8 水希釈槽
9 ポンプ
10 固液分離装置
11 分離膜
12 バルブ
13 ベルトコンベア
14 加水分解装置
15 混練装置
16 攪拌移液装置
17 加温装置
18 撹拌装置
19 攪拌槽
20 加温装置
21 バルブ
22 ポンプ
23 糖液回収装置
24 固液分離装置
25 分離膜
26 バルブ
27 ベルトコンベア
28 酵素回収装置
29 熱交換器
30 保温装置
31 保温槽
32 撹拌装置
33 バルブ
34 ポンプ
35 固液分離装置
36 分離膜
37 洗浄液槽
38 バルブ
39 ベルトコンベア
40 限外濾過膜装置
41 糖液貯槽
42 精密濾過膜ポンプ
43 精密濾過膜モジュール
44 精密濾過膜濾液槽
45 限外濾過膜ポンプ
46 限外濾過膜モジュール
47 ポンプ
48 膜分離装置
49 膜
50 加水分解物供給ライン
51 回収ライン
52 水熱処理液供給ライン
Claims (15)
- セルロース含有バイオマスからの糖液の製造方法であって、以下の工程(1)~(3)を含む、糖液の製造方法。
工程(1):セルロース含有バイオマスを水熱処理後、水熱処理液とセルロース含有固形分に分離する工程。
工程(2):工程(1)のセルロース含有固形分に糸状菌由来セルラーゼを添加してセルロースを加水分解後、糖化残さと糖液に分離する工程。
工程(3):工程(1)の水熱処理液で工程(2)の糖化残さを洗浄して、糖化残さに吸着した糸状菌由来セルラーゼを水熱処理液中に溶出させた後、固液分離により糸状菌由来セルラーゼを含む溶液成分を得る工程。 - 工程(3)で得られた溶液成分を限外濾過膜に通じて濾過することにより非透過液として糸状菌由来セルラーゼを回収するとともに、透過液として糖液を得る工程(4)を含む、請求項1に記載の糖液の製造方法。
- 工程(4)で回収した糸状菌由来セルラーゼを工程(2)のセルロース加水分解に再利用する、請求項2に記載の糖液の製造方法。
- 糸状菌由来セルラーゼがトリコデルマ由来セルラーゼである、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の糖液の製造方法。
- 工程(1)の水熱処理が120~240℃の温度範囲での処理である、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の糖液の製造方法。
- 工程(3)の水熱処理液が無機イオン、酢酸および/またはフルフラールを合計1g/L以上含む、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の糖液の製造方法。
- 工程(3)において30~70℃の水熱処理液で糖化残さを洗浄する、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の糖液の製造方法。
- 工程(2)として膜分離によって糖化残さと糖液を分離し、工程(3)として該膜面上の糖化残さに対して水熱処理液を垂直方向に通水させて糖化残さを洗浄して糸状菌由来セルラーゼを含む溶液成分を得る、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の糖液の製造方法。
- 膜分離がプレス濾過またはベルトフィルターによる膜分離である、請求項8に記載の糖液の製造方法。
- 請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の方法により糖液を製造する工程および該糖液を発酵原料として化学品を生産する能力を有する微生物を培養して化学品を製造する工程を含む、化学品の製造方法。
- セルロース含有バイオマスを水熱処理して水熱処理物を固液分離する水熱処理装置、該水熱処理装置より排出されるセルロース含有固形分を糸状菌由来セルラーゼにより加水分解する加水分解装置、該加水分解装置で得られるセルロース含有固形分の加水分解物を固液分離する糖液回収装置、ならびに糖液回収装置で分離された糖化残さと該水熱処理装置より排出される水熱処理液を混合、保温および固液分離する酵素回収装置を含む、糖液製造装置。
- 糖液回収装置および酵素回収装置が一体化した装置である、請求項11に記載の糖液製造装置。
- 糖液回収装置および酵素回収装置が一体化した装置が、プレス濾過装置またはベルトフィルター装置である、請求項12に記載の糖液製造装置。
- 膜分離装置がプレス濾過装置またはベルトフィルター装置である、請求項13に記載の糖液製造装置。
- 前記酵素回収装置が、糸状菌由来セルラーゼと糖液に分離する限外濾過膜分離装置を含む、請求項11から14のいずれかに記載の糖液製造装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6269061B2 (ja) | 2018-01-31 |
EP2860269B1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
EP2860269A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
AU2013261286B2 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
BR112014028617A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
US10519476B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
AU2013261286A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
DK2860269T3 (en) | 2017-09-11 |
CA2873864A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
EP2860269A4 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
BR112014028617B1 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
JPWO2013172446A1 (ja) | 2016-01-12 |
US20150125908A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
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