WO2013172022A1 - 周波数制御方法、周波数制御システム、周波数制御装置、及びプログラム - Google Patents
周波数制御方法、周波数制御システム、周波数制御装置、及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013172022A1 WO2013172022A1 PCT/JP2013/003083 JP2013003083W WO2013172022A1 WO 2013172022 A1 WO2013172022 A1 WO 2013172022A1 JP 2013003083 W JP2013003083 W JP 2013003083W WO 2013172022 A1 WO2013172022 A1 WO 2013172022A1
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- frequency control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a frequency control method, a frequency control system, a frequency control device, and a program, and more particularly, to a frequency control method for determining a command value for controlling the frequency of a power system connected to a distributed power source.
- the generator supplies power to the load via the transmission and distribution network.
- all the generators are operating synchronously, and when the load in the power system exceeds the power from the generator, the frequency of the power system decreases, and conversely, the frequency increases. Therefore, each generator uses a governor (governor) to increase the output when the frequency decreases and decrease the output when the frequency increases (governor-free operation).
- load frequency control that adjusts the output of the generator based on the output adjustment signal received from the central power supply command center is performed to control the load fluctuation that cannot be absorbed by the governor-free operation.
- load frequency control Load Frequency Control
- the response speed of the generator is slow, the problem is that the accuracy of following the output adjustment signal is low.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for performing load frequency control by utilizing the high-speed response of a distributed power source, mainly a storage battery, as a method for dealing with such a problem. As a result, the speed response of the load frequency control can be improved and the frequency stability can be improved.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a frequency control method, a frequency control system, a frequency control device, and a program that further enhance the responsiveness of load frequency control.
- a frequency control method includes n (n is a natural number of 1 or more) first devices connected to a power system and m (m is 1 or more) different from the first devices.
- a frequency control method for a power system in a frequency control system comprising: a plurality of devices including a natural number) second devices; and a frequency control device that manages power input and output by the plurality of devices via a communication network.
- a command obtaining step for obtaining a frequency control command for keeping the fluctuation of the frequency of the power system within a predetermined range; and (i) obtaining information on power input / output by the m second devices, And (ii) each of the n first devices based on the frequency control command acquired in the command acquisition step and the power input and output by the acquired m second devices.
- Entering and exiting A determination step for determining n first command values for controlling the power to be transmitted, and a transmission control step for individually transmitting each of the n first command values determined in the determination step to the corresponding first device And including.
- a frequency control method even when the number of devices to be controlled increases, a frequency control method, a frequency control system, a frequency that can transmit a command value within a predetermined time and perform input / output adjustment control of each device A control device and a program can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a power system including a frequency control device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a functional block diagram of the frequency control device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is another example of a functional block diagram of the frequency control device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of processing performed by the frequency control device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of a data flow transmitted and received by the processing of FIG.
- FIG. 6A is an example of a flowchart of processing in which the frequency control device according to Embodiment 1 classifies a plurality of devices into a first device and a second device.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a power system including a frequency control device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a functional block diagram of the frequency control device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is another example of a functional block diagram of the frequency control device according to
- FIG. 6B is another example of a flowchart of processing in which the frequency control device according to Embodiment 1 classifies a plurality of devices into a first device and a second device.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a power system for simulation of frequency control processing performed by the frequency control device.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a load variation that is a premise of a frequency control simulation performed by the frequency control device.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a simulation result of frequency control performed by the frequency control device, and the first distributed type based on the transition (solid line) of the input / output power included in the frequency control command and the first command value. It is a figure which shows transition (broken line) of the input / output of the electric power by a power supply.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a simulation result of frequency control performed by the frequency control device, and is a diagram illustrating a transition of power input / output by the second distributed power source.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a simulation result of frequency control performed by the frequency control device. Transition of input / output power included in the frequency control command (solid line), input / output of power by the first distributed power source, and It is a figure which shows transition (dashed line) of the sum of the input / output of the electric power by a 2nd distributed power supply.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a simulation result of frequency control performed by the frequency control device.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a combination of the first command value and the second command value.
- the above-described conventional technology discloses a technique for calculating a required output change command amount based on the frequency condition of the power system, allocating the calculated output change command amount within the range of the capacity value of the storage battery, and transmitting to each storage battery. is doing.
- a method for transmitting a command amount to a plurality of storage batteries within a predetermined time is not disclosed. Therefore, when the number of storage batteries to be controlled increases, it takes time to send a command to all storage batteries, and a new problem that input / output adjustment of all storage batteries cannot be completed within a predetermined time There is.
- a frequency control method includes n (n is a natural number of 1 or more) first devices and the first devices connected to a power system.
- Frequency control comprising a plurality of devices including m second (m is a natural number of 1 or more) units different from, and a frequency control device that manages power input and output by the plurality of devices via a communication network
- a frequency control method for a power system in a system comprising: a command acquisition step for acquiring a frequency control command for keeping fluctuations in the frequency of the power system within a predetermined range; and (i) m second devices Obtaining information on power to be input and output, and (ii) based on the frequency control command acquired in the command acquisition step and the power to be input and output by the acquired m second devices, n
- a determination step for determining n first command values for controlling the power input / output by each of the first devices, and the n first command values determined in the determination step corresponding to the first command values.
- the command value can be transmitted within a predetermined time, and input / output adjustment control of each device can be performed.
- one second command value for controlling power input / output by the m second devices is determined based on the frequency control command acquired in the command acquiring step.
- the second command value determined in the determination step may be simultaneously transmitted to the m second devices.
- the frequency control command includes a value of input / output power to be input / output to / from the power system, and each of the n first command values is a value of power to be input / output by the corresponding first device.
- the frequency control command includes a value of input / output power to be input / output to / from the power system
- each of the n first command values is an upper limit value of a frequency variation with respect to a predetermined reference frequency.
- the lower limit value the offset power is input to the first device corresponding to the case where the frequency of the power system exceeds the upper limit value, and the first corresponding to the case where the frequency of the power system is lower than the lower limit value.
- m units are output in accordance with the input / output power included in the frequency control command and the second command value.
- the difference between the upper limit value and the lower limit value may be reduced as the absolute value of the power corresponding to the difference from the power input / output by the second device is larger.
- the second command value includes an upper limit value and a lower limit value of a frequency fluctuation with respect to a predetermined reference frequency, and when the frequency of the power system exceeds the upper limit value, the second command value is supplied to m second devices.
- m canceling powers are output to the second devices.
- the difference between the upper limit value and the lower limit value may be reduced as the absolute value of the input output power is increased.
- the second command value includes a value of cancellation power to be input / output when a predetermined reference frequency is deviated, and m units when the frequency of the power system exceeds the reference frequency.
- the canceling power is input to the second device, and when the frequency of the power system is lower than the reference frequency, the canceling power is output to m second devices, and in the determination step,
- the value of the offset power may be increased as the absolute value of the power to be input / output to / from the power system specified by the frequency control command is larger.
- the frequency control command includes a value of input / output power to be input / output to / from the power system, and in the determination step, a sum of maximum powers that can be input / output by the n first devices is The plurality of devices are set to exceed the power corresponding to the difference between the input / output power included in the frequency control command and the power input / output by the m second devices according to the second command value.
- the frequency control command is acquired at predetermined time intervals, and in the determination step, based on the frequency control command acquired at least initially in the command acquisition step, The second command value may be determined.
- n devices that can transmit the first command value within a predetermined time are classified as the first device, and are classified as the first device.
- the m devices that have not been used may be classified as the second device.
- the plurality of devices include a plurality of storage batteries, and among the plurality of storage batteries, the storage battery that performs only one of charging and discharging is classified as a first device, and only the other of charging and discharging is included.
- the storage battery to be operated may be classified as a second device.
- the device capable of only one of power consumption and power output is classified as the first device, and both power consumption and power output are possible.
- the device may be classified as the second device.
- the frequency control command is acquired at predetermined time intervals, and in the determination step, each time the frequency control command is acquired in the command acquisition step, based on the frequency control command.
- the n first command values corresponding to the n first devices may be determined.
- the frequency control command may be acquired.
- a frequency control system includes n (n is a natural number of 1 or more) first devices connected to a power system and m (m is 1 or more) different from the first devices.
- a frequency control system comprising a plurality of devices including natural number) second devices and a frequency control device that manages power input and output by the plurality of devices via a communication network, the frequency control device comprising: A command acquisition unit that acquires a frequency control command for keeping the frequency fluctuation of the power system within a predetermined range; and (i) acquiring power input and output by the m second devices, and ( ii) Each of the n first devices inputs and outputs based on the frequency control command acquired by the command acquisition unit and the acquired power that is input and output by the m second devices.
- N first command values for controlling power A determining unit for determining, and a transmission control unit for individually transmitting each of the n first command values determined by the determining unit to the corresponding first device, wherein the first device includes the frequency Power is input to and output from the power system according to the first command value acquired from the control device.
- a distributed power source is managed by a server in a frequency control system that controls the frequency of a power system, and the first device (n is a natural number of 1 or more) and the first A distributed power source composed of a plurality of devices including m second devices (m is a natural number equal to or greater than 1), and power input and output by the m second devices,
- the server uses n first command values for controlling the power input / output by each of the n first devices.
- the determined power command value is received from the server, and power corresponding to the power command value received from the server is input / output to / from the power system.
- a frequency control device In a frequency control system for controlling a frequency of a power system, a frequency control device according to an aspect of the present invention is different from n (n is a natural number of 1 or more) first devices and the first device m ( m is a natural number greater than or equal to 1) a frequency control device that manages the power input / output by a plurality of devices including a second device via a communication network, and changes the frequency of the power system within a predetermined range.
- a program according to an embodiment of the present invention is different from n (n is a natural number of 1 or more) first devices connected to a power system and m (m is 1 or more).
- a command acquisition step of acquiring a frequency control command for keeping the fluctuation of the frequency of the power system within a predetermined range which is a program for inputting / outputting power to / from a plurality of devices including the second device (I) acquiring power input / output by the m second devices, and (ii) the frequency control command acquired in the command acquisition step and the acquired m second devices.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a power system including a frequency control device 201 according to the present embodiment.
- the power system includes a substation 101, a power line 102, frequency detection points 103a, 103b, 103c, and 103d, distributed power sources 104a, 104b, 104c, and 104d, a communication line 105, Frequency control device 201.
- the load is not shown in order to simplify the description.
- the power line 102 connects the substation 101 and the distributed power sources 104a, 104b, 104c, and 104d.
- the power line 102 supplies the power output from the substation 101 to the distributed power sources 104a, 104b, 104c, 104d and a load (not shown), and the power output from the distributed power sources 104a, 104b, 104c, 104d.
- the “load” refers to any device that operates by consuming electric power, such as a refrigerator, a washing machine, and a television.
- the frequency detection points 103a, 103b, 103c, and 103d are points where each of the distributed power sources 104a, 104b, 104c, and 104d detects the frequency of the power system.
- the frequency detection points 103a, 103b, 103c, and 103d may be collectively referred to as “frequency detection points 103”.
- the distributed power sources 104a, 104b, 104c, and 104d may be collectively referred to as “distributed power source 104”.
- the distributed power source 104 is, for example, a distributed power generation system such as a solar power generation system or a fuel cell system, or a distributed electrical energy storage system such as a storage battery system.
- the distributed power source 104 converts, for example, a power generation device such as a solar cell or a fuel cell, or a storage device such as a storage battery, and DC power generated by the power generation device or storage device into AC power (DC / AC conversion). With inverter.
- the distributed power source 104 is a storage battery, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the distributed power supply 104 adjusts the frequency of the power system to be maintained within a predetermined range by inputting and outputting power to the power system.
- the reference frequency of the power system is 50 Hz and the predetermined range in which the fluctuation is allowed is ⁇ 0.1 Hz.
- a storage battery as an example of a device connected to the power system is charged with the power of the power system (input of power) and discharged (output of power) into the power system.
- the communication line 105 is for transmitting and receiving data or information between the frequency control device 201 and the distributed power supply 104.
- the Internet PLC (Power Line Communication), 950 MHz band wireless, and the like can be considered.
- the frequency control device 201 may transmit / receive data or information to / from the substation 101 through the communication line 105. However, this is unnecessary when the function of the frequency control device 201 is included in the substation 101.
- the frequency control device 201 is a control device for adjusting the frequency of the power system by controlling the power input / output of the distributed power source 104. With reference to FIG.2 and FIG.3, the frequency control apparatus 201 is demonstrated in detail.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating functional blocks of the frequency control device 201 according to the present embodiment.
- the frequency control device 201 includes a command acquisition unit 202, a determination unit 203, a transmission control unit 204, and a communication unit 205.
- the command acquisition unit 202 receives a frequency control command from the central power supply command station or the system management device, and outputs it to the determination unit 203.
- the command acquisition unit 202 does not receive a frequency control command from the central power supply command station or the system management device, but acquires it by periodically observing the frequency of the power system and generating the frequency control command itself. Is also possible. For example, it is obtained by observing the frequency of the power system and generating a frequency control command by performing the same calculation as the central power supply command station or the system management device.
- the role of the central power supply command station or the system management device may be played by, for example, the substation 101, or may be played by equipment (not shown) upstream or downstream from the substation 101.
- the frequency control command is issued by the central power supply command station or the system management device in order to keep the frequency fluctuation of the power system within a predetermined range.
- the frequency control command includes input / output power that is a value of power to be further input / output to / from the power system.
- input / output power + 5 kW refers to supplying 5 kW power (or reducing consumed power by 5 kW) to a power system to which, for example, 100 kW power is supplied. These are referred to as “outputting power to the power system”.
- Input / output power ⁇ 5 kW refers to reducing the supplied power by 5 kW (or increasing the consumed power by 5 kW) to a power system to which, for example, 100 kW of power is supplied. These are referred to as “inputting power to the power system”.
- the determination unit 203 uses a classification method to be described later to change the plurality of distributed power sources 104a, 104b, 104c, and 104d into a first distributed power source (first device) 104A and a second distributed power source (second device). 104B.
- first device first device
- second device second device
- 104B second device
- n distributed power supplies 104 (n is a natural number of 1 or more) classified as the first distributed power supply 104A, input / output of power to / from the power system is individually controlled by the frequency control device 201.
- the m is a natural number of 1 or more
- distributed power sources 104 classified as the second distributed power source 104B input / output of power to / from the power system is commonly controlled by the frequency control device 201.
- the determining unit 203 individually sets n first command values for each of the n distributed power sources 104 classified as the first distributed power source 104A based on the frequency control command acquired by the command acquiring unit 202. To decide. Further, the determination unit 203 determines a common (one) second command value for the m distributed power sources 104 classified as the second distributed power source 104B. That is, a maximum of n first command values are determined, and only one second command value is determined.
- the transmission control unit 204 individually transmits (unicasts) the n first command values determined by the determination unit 203 to the corresponding first distributed power supply 104A via the communication unit 205, and the determination unit 203
- the determined second command value is broadcast (broadcast or multicast) to the m second distributed power sources 104B.
- the communication unit 205 is a communication interface with the distributed power source 104 and transmits a first command value or a second command value to the distributed power source 104 via the communication line 105.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of functional blocks of the frequency control device 201 according to the present embodiment. Components similar to those in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. As shown in FIG. 3, the frequency control apparatus 201 may further include a power acquisition unit 301 in addition to the configuration of FIG. 2.
- the power acquisition unit 301 acquires the value of power input / output to / from the power system by the second distributed power source 104B according to the second command value via the communication line 105, and transmits it to the determination unit 203.
- the determination unit 203 for example, (first command value) ⁇ (frequency control command value) ⁇ (power value input / output by the second distributed power source according to the second command value)
- a first command value is determined.
- the sum of the power value input / output by the first distributed power source according to the first command value and the power value input / output by the second distributed power source according to the second command value is the frequency control command.
- the first command value is determined so as to approach the value. Details will be described later.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of processing performed by the frequency control device 201.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of a data flow transmitted and received by the processing of FIG.
- the determination unit 203 of the frequency control device 201 classifies the plurality of distributed power sources 104a, 104b, 104c, and 104d connected to the power system into a first distributed power source and a second distributed power source ( S401).
- a specific classification method will be described later with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- the distributed power sources 104a and 104b are classified as the first distributed power source 104A, and the distributed power sources 104c and 104d are the first ones. 2 is assumed to be classified into the distributed power source 104B.
- the command acquisition unit 202 of the frequency control device 201 monitors reception of the first frequency control command (S402).
- a period from when the first frequency control command is acquired (Yes in S402) until the last frequency control command is acquired (Yes in S408) is defined as one frequency control process.
- a description will be given on the assumption that a plurality of frequency control commands are repeatedly issued at predetermined time intervals in one frequency control process.
- the method for specifying the “first frequency control command” and the “last frequency control command” is not particularly limited.
- a flag indicating the first or last may be provided in the data, or one time Information specifying the number of frequency control commands transmitted in the frequency control processing or the execution period of one frequency control processing may be included in the first frequency control command.
- the determination unit 203 of the frequency control device 201 performs the second operation based on the first frequency control command acquired by the command acquisition unit 202. Only one command value is determined (S403).
- the transmission control unit 204 of the frequency control device 201 transmits the second command value determined by the determination unit 203 to the distributed power sources 104c and 104d classified as the second distributed power source 104B through the communication unit 205. (S404).
- the second command value is a command value for causing the second distributed power source 104B to cancel power fluctuations that occur in the power system, and all the distributed power sources classified as the second distributed power source 104B. Commonly used for 104c and 104d.
- the second command value according to the present embodiment includes information for specifying an upper limit value and a lower limit value of frequency fluctuation with respect to a predetermined reference frequency.
- the upper limit value of the frequency fluctuation is 50.1 Hz
- the lower limit value of the frequency fluctuation is 49.9 Hz.
- the upper limit value and the lower limit value are not necessarily symmetric with respect to the reference frequency. That is, for example, the upper limit value may be 50.3 Hz and the lower limit value may be 49.9 Hz.
- the determination unit 203 decreases the frequency fluctuation range (difference between the upper limit value and the lower limit value), and the absolute value of the input / output power.
- the upper limit value and the lower limit value to be included in the second command value are determined so that the range of frequency fluctuation (difference between the upper limit value and the lower limit value) becomes larger as the value becomes smaller.
- the determination unit 203 uses the provisional temporary second command value (described later) determined when the plurality of distributed power sources 104a, 104b, 104c, and 104d are classified in step S401, and the second command in step S403.
- the second command value may be determined by determining the value. That is, when the determination unit 203 determines the second command value in this way, step S403 may be omitted.
- the second command value is preferably determined so as to be a base input / output with respect to the input / output power included in the frequency control command.
- the total power input / output by the second distributed power supply is preferably smaller than 5 kW.
- the total power input / output from / to the second distributed power source is greater than 5 kW, for example 7 kW, the input / output power of the entire first distributed power source is ⁇ 2 kW, and extra charge / discharge occurs. .
- the determination unit 203 uses the average value obtained from this normal distribution in step S403, and step S401.
- the second command value is determined by comparing the predicted power input / output from the distributed power sources 104c and 104d classified as the second distributed power source based on the provisional second command value determined in step May be. For example, in step S403, the determination unit 203 may determine the second command value so that the input / output power value of the second distributed power supply falls within a range of 5% before and after the average value.
- the frequency detection points 103c and 103d detect the frequency of the power system, respectively.
- the distributed power sources 104c and 104d input (charge) a predetermined amount of offset power when the frequency of the power system exceeds the upper limit value.
- the distributed power sources 104c and 104d output (discharge) a canceling power having a predetermined magnitude when the frequency of the power system falls below the lower limit value.
- the second distributed power source 104 ⁇ / b> B varies the power (frequency) generated in the power system using the second command value acquired in step S ⁇ b> 404 during one frequency control process.
- the above-described process for canceling out is autonomously continued. That is, the second command value need only be transmitted at least once during one frequency control process.
- the second distributed power supply 104B controls the input / output of power based on the acquired second command value based on the information indicating the control start timing included in the acquired second command value. You may start at the timing.
- the second command value can be transmitted in advance before the start of the frequency control process.
- the magnitude of the canceling power input / output by the second distributed power supply 104B may be included in the second command value. That is, the input / output of the second distributed power supply 104B is (sign) ⁇ (cancellation power).
- (sign) is negative (input) when the detected frequency deviates from the upper limit value, and is positive (output) when the detected frequency deviates from the lower limit value.
- the magnitude of the canceling power input / output by the second distributed power supply 104B may be held by the second distributed power supply 104B at a predetermined value.
- the second distributed power source 104B may adaptively determine the magnitude of the canceling power according to the frequency fluctuation magnitude of the power system. That is, the absolute value of the canceling power may be increased as the frequency greatly exceeds the upper limit value (or significantly lower than the lower limit value). For example, when the value deviates from the upper limit value, the input / output of the second distributed power supply 104B is ((upper limit value) ⁇ (detected frequency)) ⁇ K. Further, when the value deviates from the lower limit value, the input / output of the second distributed power supply 104B is ((lower limit value) ⁇ (detected frequency)) ⁇ K.
- K represents a sensitivity coefficient for determining the output, and the unit is kW / Hz.
- the power acquisition unit 301 of the frequency control device 201 acquires the total value of power input and output by the distributed power sources 104c and 104d classified as the second distributed power source 104B in accordance with the second command value (S405). .
- the power acquisition unit 301 may actually measure the power on the power line 102 or may acquire the input / output power values from the distributed power sources 104 c and 104 d through the communication line 105.
- the theoretical value of the power input / output by the second distributed power supply 104B may be determined based on the second command value determined by the determination unit 203. That is, the total value of power input / output by the second distributed power supply 104B according to the second command value is ⁇ ((upper limit value or lower limit value) ⁇ (frequency detected by the determination unit 203)) ⁇ K i .
- K i is a sensitivity coefficient for determining the input / output of the second distributed power source 104B specified by the identifier i (i ⁇ m).
- the power acquisition unit 301 can be omitted.
- the determination unit 203 of the frequency control device 201 determines the first command value for each of the distributed power sources 104a and 104b classified as the first distributed power source 104A (S406). Specifically, the determination unit 203 corresponds to the difference between the input / output power included in the frequency control command and the total value of the power input / output by the second distributed power source 104B acquired by the power acquisition unit 301. The electric power is divided into a first command value for the distributed power source 104a and a first command value for the distributed power source 104b.
- the total power included in the first command value is 3 kW. It becomes.
- how to distribute 3 kW to the two first command values is not particularly limited. For example, 2 kW is assigned to the first command value of the distributed power source 104a and the first command value of the distributed power source 104b. 1 kW may be included, or 3 kW (in this case, the first command value for the distributed power source 104 b is 0 kW) may be included in the first command value of the distributed power source 104 a.
- the transmission control unit 204 of the frequency control device 201 individually transmits each of the two first command values determined by the determination unit 203 to the corresponding first distributed power supply 104A through the communication unit 205 (S407).
- the number of first command values determined in step S406 is the maximum number of first distributed power sources 104A. That is, in step S407, a first command value equal to or less than the number of first distributed power sources 104A is transmitted.
- the first command value (0 kW) is not transmitted to the distributed power source 104b whose first command value is determined to be 0 kW
- the number of the first command values transmitted is the first distributed type. Less than the number of power supplies 104A.
- the command acquisition unit 202 of the frequency control device 201 monitors reception of the last frequency control command (S408).
- the last frequency control command is not received (No in S408)
- the first command value determination and transmission processing (S405 to S407) is executed again.
- the last frequency control command is received (Yes in S408)
- the current frequency control process is terminated, and the distributed power source 104a to 104d classification process (S401) is executed again in preparation for the next frequency control process. . If it is not necessary to frequently classify the distributed power sources 104a to 104d, step S401 can be skipped and re-executed from step S402.
- an example of a case where the last frequency control command is not received is a case where a non-last frequency control command is received.
- the first command value in this case is determined and transmitted every time the frequency control command is acquired, as shown in FIG.
- another example in the case where the last frequency control command is not received is a case where a predetermined time has elapsed since the previous frequency control command was received (that is, the next frequency control command is not (When no frequency control command is received).
- the first command value in this case is determined and transmitted a plurality of times for one frequency control command. That is, the first command value determination and transmission processing (S405 to S407) is executed once or more for one frequency control command.
- FIG. 6A is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing flow in which the frequency control device 201 classifies the plurality of distributed power sources 104a to 104d into the first distributed power source 104A and the second distributed power source 104B.
- the determination unit 203 selects one of the distributed power sources 104a to 104d connected to the power system as a candidate for the first distributed power source 104A (S601).
- the selection criteria are not particularly limited.
- the selection criteria may be selected in ascending order of time required for transmission / reception of the first command value, or may be selected in descending order of power that can be input / output instantaneously (response speed is fast). Good.
- the determination unit 203 individually transmits the first command value to the distributed power source 104 that has been classified as the first distributed power source 104A up to now and the distributed power source 104 that is newly selected in step S601. It is determined whether or not the total time required for this is within a predetermined time (S602).
- the predetermined time is, for example, a frequency control command transmission interval. More preferably, the predetermined time may be a time obtained by subtracting the time (response time) required for stabilizing the power input / output from / to the first distributed power source 104A according to the first command value from the transmission interval of the frequency control command. . Further, the time defined by the system management device or the like may be set as the predetermined time.
- the determination unit 203 classifies the distributed power source 104 selected in the immediately preceding step S601 as the first distributed power source (S603), and returns to step S601. On the other hand, if the transmission time does not fall within the predetermined time (No in S602), the process proceeds to step S604 without classifying the distributed power source 104 selected in the previous step S601 as the first distributed power source.
- the time required to individually transmit the first command value to each of the two distributed power sources 104a and 104b falls within a predetermined time (Yes in S602), but each of the three distributed power sources 104a, 104b, and 104c If the time required to individually transmit the first command value does not fall within the predetermined time (No in S602), only the distributed power sources 104a and 104b are classified as the first distributed power source 104A, and the distributed power source 104c It is not classified into one distributed power source 104A.
- the determination unit 203 classifies the distributed power source 104 that has not been classified into the first distributed power source 104A in Steps S601 to S603 into the second distributed power source 104B (S604).
- the distributed power sources 104c and 104d are classified as the second distributed power source 104B.
- 104 A of 1st distributed power supplies can be determined in the range which can transmit all the 1st command values within predetermined time.
- the determination unit 203 determines the maximum power (deviation) that should be instantaneously input / output in the entire first distributed power supply 104A and the maximum value of the power that can be actually input / output by the distributed power supplies 104a and 104b. The comparison is made (S605).
- the “deviation” is the maximum value of power to be input / output in the entire first distributed power supply 104A in order to keep the frequency of the power system within a predetermined range, and is, for example, an input included in the frequency control command. This corresponds to a value obtained by subtracting the maximum value (predicted value) of power input / output from / to the second distributed power supply 104B as a whole from the maximum value (predicted value) of the output power.
- the determination unit 203 determines that the distributed power supply 104c classified as the second distributed power supply 104B, One of the 104d is selected as a candidate to be moved to the first distributed power supply 104A (S606).
- the selection criteria are not particularly limited. For example, the selection criteria may be selected in ascending order of time required for transmission / reception of the first command value, or may be selected in descending order of power that can be input / output instantaneously (response speed is fast) Good. In this example, it is assumed that the distributed power source 104d is selected.
- the determination unit 203 individually assigns the first command value to the distributed power sources 104a and 104b classified as the first distributed power source 104A in steps S601 to S603 and the distributed power source 104d selected in step S606. It is determined whether or not the time required for transmission is within a predetermined time (S607).
- the determination unit 203 moves the distributed power source 104d selected in Step S606 to the first distributed power source 104A (S608).
- the determination unit 203 does not move the distributed power source 104d to the first distributed power source 104A (that is, classifies it as the second distributed power source).
- the frequency fluctuation range (difference between the upper limit value and the lower limit value) included in the provisional second command value is reduced (S609). That is, since it is easy to deviate from the frequency fluctuation range included in the provisional second command value, the electric power input / output by the second distributed power supply increases.
- the determination unit 203 does not move the distributed power supply 104d to the first distributed power supply 104A (that is, remains in the state classified as the second distributed power supply), and cancels out the temporary second command value.
- the power value may be increased.
- the power corresponding to the difference between the input / output power and the power input / output by the second distributed power supply 104B according to the provisional second command value is the first distribution. This indicates that there is a possibility that the entire mold power source 104A cannot cover the power source. Therefore, when there is a margin in transmission time (Yes in S607), the number of distributed power supplies 104 classified as the first distributed power supply 104A is increased (S608). On the other hand, when there is no margin in the transmission time (No in S607), the frequency of the temporary second command value is increased in order to increase the power input / output by the second distributed power supply 104B (that is, to reduce the deviation). The range of fluctuation is reduced (S609).
- the determination unit 203 repeatedly executes the processes of steps S606 to S609 until it is determined Yes in step S605. If the maximum power that can be instantaneously input / output across the first distributed power supply 104A exceeds the deviation (Yes in S605), the determination unit 203 ends the classification process of FIG. 6A.
- steps S605 to S609 can be omitted.
- priority is given to the determinations in steps S602 and S605, and if the priority in step S602 is high, steps S605 and after are omitted. That is, according to the classification method of FIG. 6A, at least the number of distributed power supplies 104 classified as the first distributed power supply 104A is limited to a range in which all the first command values can be transmitted within a predetermined time. Can do.
- FIG. 6B is a flowchart illustrating another example of a processing flow in which the frequency control apparatus 201 classifies the plurality of distributed power sources 104a to 104d into the first distributed power source 104A and the second distributed power source 104B.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 6B shows that step S610 is executed instead of step S602, step S611 is executed instead of step S605 (a process corresponding to step S607), and step S612 is executed instead of step S607. It differs from the flowchart shown in FIG. 6A in that the processing corresponding to step S605 is executed.
- the other processes are the same as those in FIG.
- the plurality of distributed power sources 104a to 104d are connected to the first distributed power source 104a to 104d so that the sum of the maximum powers that can be instantaneously input / output by the first distributed power source 104A exceeds the deviation.
- the distributed power supply 104A and the second distributed power supply 104B are classified. Also, steps S606, S608 to S609, and S611 to S612 in FIG. 6B can be omitted as in FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a power system for simulation of frequency control processing performed by the frequency control device 201.
- symbol is attached
- FIG. 7 shows an example in which one distributed power source is allocated to each of the first distributed power source 901A and the second distributed power source 901B.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the load fluctuation that is the premise of the frequency control simulation performed by the frequency control device 201.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents load fluctuation.
- the load on the power system fluctuates violently with time.
- the frequency of the power system fluctuates so as to have an opposite phase to the fluctuation of the load in FIG.
- the system management device detects the fluctuation of the frequency (or power) and determines the input / output power to be included in the frequency control command.
- the system management device transmits a frequency control command including input / output power of a positive value, and the load is negative. In this case (when the load falls below the center line in FIG. 8), a frequency control command including negative input / output power is transmitted.
- the frequency control device 201 acquires a frequency control command from the system management device in order to control the frequency variation caused by the load variation shown in FIG. 8, and based on the acquired frequency control command, the first command value and the first 2 command values are determined, and the determined first command value and second command value are transmitted to the first distributed power source 901A and the second distributed power source 901B.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a simulation result of the frequency control performed by the frequency control device 201.
- the transition of the input / output power included in the frequency control command (solid line) and the first command value based on the first command value. 1 represents the transition of power input / output (broken line) by one distributed power source 901A.
- the horizontal axis represents time. Note that the horizontal axis in FIG. 9 coincides with the horizontal axis in FIG.
- the vertical axis represents the power value.
- the center line indicates that the input / output power and the power input / output by the first distributed power source 901A are zero. If it exceeds the center line, the input / output power is positive, and the first distributed power source 901A has output power. When the value falls below the center line, the input / output power is negative, and the first distributed power source 901A has input power.
- the power (broken line) input / output by the first distributed power source 901A fluctuates following the input / output power (solid line).
- the absolute value of the power input / output by the first distributed power source 901A is slightly smaller than the input / output power.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a simulation result of frequency control performed by the frequency control device 201, and shows a transition of power input / output by the second distributed power source 901B.
- the horizontal axis represents time. Note that the horizontal axis of FIG. 10 coincides with the horizontal axis of FIG.
- the vertical axis represents the power value.
- the broken line represents the transition of power input / output by the second distributed power source 901B based on the second command value.
- the center line indicates that power input / output by the second distributed power source 901B is 0.
- the second distributed power source 901B outputs power, and when the power is lower than the center line, The second distributed power source 901B has input power.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a simulation result of frequency control performed by the frequency control apparatus 201.
- the horizontal axis represents time.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 11 corresponds with the horizontal axis of FIG.
- the vertical axis represents the power value.
- the center line represents that the sum of the input / output power and the input / output of the power by the first and second distributed power sources 901A and 901B is zero.
- the input / output power is positive, and the sum of the power input / output by the first and second distributed power sources 901A and 901B is in the output direction.
- the input / output power is negative, and the sum of the power input / output by the first and second distributed power sources 901A and 901B is in the input direction.
- the schematic enlarged portion of the waveform in FIG. 11 corresponds to the enlarged portion in FIG. Comparing these, it can be seen that the absolute value of the sum of the input and output of power by the first and second distributed power sources 901A and 901B is closer to the input and output power. That is, it can be seen that the frequency control device 201 can cause the input / output of power from the distributed power source to follow the input / output power included in the frequency control command with high accuracy.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a simulation result of the frequency control performed by the frequency control device 201, and represents a variation in the frequency of the power system after performing the above-described control.
- the horizontal axis represents time. Note that the horizontal axis of FIG. 12 coincides with the horizontal axis of FIG.
- the vertical axis represents frequency fluctuation.
- the upper limit of the vertical axis in FIG. 12 represents the upper limit value of the frequency of the power system
- the lower limit of the vertical axis of FIG. 12 represents the lower limit value of the frequency of the power system.
- the solid line represents the transition of frequency variation.
- the frequency control device 201 controls the input / output of power by the distributed power supply so as to maintain the frequency of the power system in a predetermined range. You can see that it is possible.
- the above-described distributed power supply 104 uses 0 kW (no input / output) as a reference power, and discharges (outputs) power or charges (inputs) power according to the first command value or the second command value.
- the power input / output to the power grid is adjusted.
- the determination unit 203 classifies storage batteries that perform only one of charging and discharging among the plurality of distributed power supplies 104a to 104d as the first distributed power supply 104A, and sets the storage battery that performs only the other of charging and discharging to the first. It may be classified into two distributed power sources 104B.
- a storage battery that only discharges discharges (inputs) power smaller than the reference discharge power, or discharges (outputs) power larger than the reference discharge power, thereby adjusting the power input / output to the power system. May be.
- each storage battery does not repeat charging and discharging during one frequency control process, so that deterioration of the storage battery can be effectively suppressed.
- which storage battery is dedicated to charging or discharging is not particularly limited. For example, the current storage amount of each storage battery is acquired, a storage battery with a small storage amount is dedicated to charging, and a storage battery with a large storage amount is dedicated to discharging. And it is sufficient.
- the frequency control device 201 can control even a load such as a heater or an electric water heater, for example, instead of the distributed power source 104 of FIG.
- the frequency control device 201 individually transmits a first command value corresponding to each of the first loads, and simultaneously transmits a second command value common to the second load, according to the first command value and the second command value.
- the power consumption may be adjusted by the first load and the second load.
- the frequency control apparatus 201 determines, for example, the first command value and the second command value centered on the reference value, using the reference value as the average power consumption, It is also possible to control to follow. That is, the load can adjust input / output of power to / from the power system by consuming (input) power larger than average power consumption or consuming (output) power smaller than average power consumption.
- the power generation device uses, for example, the average generated power as the reference generated power and generates (inputs) power smaller than the reference generated power, or generates (outputs) power larger than the reference generated power. Power input / output can be adjusted.
- the determination part 203 may classify
- the determination unit 203 classifies a device (that is, a load or a power generation device) capable of only one of power consumption and power output (power generation) as a first device, and uses power consumption (charging) and power consumption.
- a device capable of both output (discharge) that is, a storage battery) may be classified as the second device.
- the frequency control apparatus 201 cancels the fluctuation
- the present invention is not limited to this. Any one of cases 1 to 4 shown in FIG. 13 can be employed.
- the first command value is the frequency command value (cases 3 and 4)
- the first command value is the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the frequency fluctuation with respect to a predetermined reference frequency, similarly to the second command value described above.
- the 1st apparatus which acquired this 1st command value detects the frequency of an electric power system, and when the frequency of an electric power system exceeds an upper limit, it inputs electric power (cancellation electric power) of predetermined magnitude, and electric power When the system frequency falls below the lower limit, a predetermined amount of power (cancellation power) is output.
- the difference from the case where the second command value is the frequency command value is that the second command value is determined in common for a plurality of second devices, whereas the first command value is determined in common.
- the value is a point determined individually for each first device.
- the second command value is the power command value (cases 2 and 3)
- the second command value includes information for specifying the offset power to be input / output when the frequency of the power system is out of the reference frequency.
- the 2nd apparatus which acquired this 2nd command value detects the frequency of an electric power system, and when the frequency of an electric power system exceeds a reference frequency, offset power is inputted and the frequency of an electric power system falls below a reference frequency In this case, cancel power is output.
- the determination unit 203 determines the second command value, and the determined second command value is transmitted to the m distributed power sources 104 classified as the second distributed power source 104B.
- 205 is transmitting simultaneously, it is not restricted to this. That is, the frequency control device of the present disclosure is not limited to the determination unit 203 determining the second command value or the communication unit 205 transmitting the second command value to the second distributed power source 104B all at once.
- the dashed arrows in FIGS. 2 and 3 mean that the communication unit 205 includes a case where the second command value is not transmitted to the second distributed power source 104B.
- a plurality of distributed power sources 104 may store predetermined second command values as fixed values. That is, in this case, the plurality of distributed power sources 104 hold the second command value in advance, and the distributed power sources 104 classified as the second distributed power source 104B have power based on the second command values. You may input / output the electric power for canceling the fluctuation
- the second command value is stored in advance in the distributed power source 104 as described above, it is preferable that the second command value is stored in all the distributed power sources 104, but not necessarily in all distributed types. It may not be stored in the power source 104.
- the second distributed power source 104 is classified as the second distributed power source 104B. May be. Further, the second command value may be transmitted only to the distributed power source 104 in which the second command value is not stored in advance among the distributed power sources 104 classified as the second distributed power source 104B.
- the plurality of distributed power sources 104 may determine the second command value based on a predetermined algorithm.
- the determination method at this time is the same as the method in which the determination unit 203 determines the second command value as described above.
- the determination unit 203 determines the first command value based on the power and frequency control command input / output by the second distributed power source 104B based on the second command value.
- the “power input / output by the second distributed power source 104B based on the second command value” is a total value of the power input / output by the second distributed power source 104B acquired by the power acquisition unit 301.
- the theoretical value of the power input / output by the second distributed power supply 104B may be a value determined based on the second command value.
- the frequency control device 201 may hold a second command value as a predetermined fixed value, or the second command value may be determined based on a predetermined algorithm.
- each of the above devices can be realized by a computer system including a microprocessor, a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk unit, a display unit, a keyboard, a mouse, and the like.
- a computer program is stored in the RAM or the hard disk unit.
- Each device achieves its functions by the microprocessor operating according to the computer program.
- the computer program is configured by combining a plurality of instruction codes indicating instructions for the computer in order to achieve a predetermined function.
- a part or all of the components constituting each of the above devices may be configured by one system LSI (Large Scale Integration).
- the system LSI is an ultra-multifunctional LSI manufactured by integrating a plurality of components on a single chip, and specifically, a computer system including a microprocessor, ROM, RAM, and the like. .
- a computer program is stored in the ROM.
- the system LSI achieves its functions by the microprocessor loading a computer program from the ROM to the RAM and performing operations such as operations in accordance with the loaded computer program.
- Part or all of the constituent elements constituting each of the above devices may be configured from an IC card or a single module that can be attached to and detached from each device.
- the IC card or module is a computer system that includes a microprocessor, ROM, RAM, and the like.
- the IC card or the module may include the super multifunctional LSI described above.
- the IC card or the module achieves its functions by the microprocessor operating according to the computer program. This IC card or this module may have tamper resistance.
- the present invention may be realized by the method described above. Further, these methods may be realized by a computer program realized by a computer, or may be realized by a digital signal consisting of a computer program.
- the present invention also relates to a computer readable recording medium such as a flexible disk, hard disk, CD-ROM, MO, DVD, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, BD (Blu-ray (registered trademark)). ) Disc), or recorded in a semiconductor memory or the like. Moreover, you may implement
- a computer program or a digital signal may be transmitted via an electric communication line, a wireless or wired communication line, a network represented by the Internet, a data broadcast, or the like.
- the present invention is also a computer system including a microprocessor and a memory.
- the memory stores a computer program, and the microprocessor may operate according to the computer program.
- program or digital signal may be recorded on a recording medium and transferred, or the program or digital signal may be transferred via a network or the like, and may be implemented by another independent computer system.
- the present invention can be applied to a frequency control device or the like that determines a command value for controlling the frequency of a power system connected to a distributed power source.
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Abstract
Description
上記の従来技術は、電力系統の周波数状況に基づいて必要な出力変更指令量を算出し、算出した出力変更指令量を蓄電池の能力値の範囲内で配分し、各蓄電池に送信する技術は開示している。しかしながら、所定時間内に複数の蓄電池に指令量を送信する方法は開示されていない。そのため、制御対象となる蓄電池の台数が増加した場合に、すべての蓄電池に指令を送信するのに時間がかかり、所定時間内に全ての蓄電池の入出力調整を完了することができないという新たな課題がある。
図1は、本実施の形態に係る周波数制御装置201を含む電力系統の概念図である。
なお、本発明を上記実施の形態に基づいて説明してきたが、本発明は、上記の実施の形態に限定されないのはもちろんである。以下のような場合も本発明に含まれる。
102 電力線
103,103a,103b,103c,103d 周波数検出点
104,104a,104b,104c,104d 分散型電源
104A,901A 第1の分散型電源
104B,901B 第2の分散型電源
105 通信線
201 周波数制御装置
202 指令取得部
203 決定部
204 送信制御部
205 通信部
301 電力取得部
Claims (18)
- 電力系統に接続された、n(nは1以上の自然数)台の第1の機器および前記第1の機器とは異なるm(mは1以上の自然数)台の第2の機器を含む複数の機器と、通信ネットワークを介して前記複数の機器が入出力する電力を管理する周波数制御装置とを備える周波数制御システムにおける電力系統の周波数制御方法であって、
前記電力系統の周波数の変動を所定の範囲に収めるための周波数制御指令を取得する指令取得ステップと、
(i)m台の前記第2の機器が入出力する電力に関する情報を取得し、かつ、(ii)前記指令取得ステップにおいて取得された前記周波数制御指令と、取得したm台の前記第2の機器が入出力する前記電力とに基づいて、n台の前記第1の機器それぞれが入出力する電力を制御するn個の第1指令値を決定する決定ステップと、
前記決定ステップにおいて決定されたn個の前記第1指令値それぞれを対応する前記第1の機器に個別送信する送信制御ステップと、を含む
周波数制御方法。 - 前記決定ステップでは、さらに、前記指令取得ステップにおいて取得された前記周波数制御指令に基づいて、m台の前記第2の機器が入出力する電力を制御する1つの第2指令値を決定し、
前記送信制御ステップでは、さらに、前記決定ステップにおいて決定された前記第2指令値をm台の前記第2の機器に一斉送信する
請求項1に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記周波数制御指令は、前記電力系統に入出力すべき入出力電力の値を含み、
n個の前記第1指令値それぞれは、対応する前記第1の機器が入出力すべき電力の値を含み、
前記決定ステップでは、前記周波数制御指令に含まれる前記入出力電力と、前記第2指令値に従ってm台の前記第2の機器が入出力する電力との差分に相当する電力を、n個の前記第1指令値に振り分ける
請求項2に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記周波数制御指令は、前記電力系統に入出力すべき入出力電力の値を含み、
n個の前記第1指令値それぞれは、予め定められた基準周波数に対する周波数変動の上限値及び下限値を含み、前記電力系統の周波数が前記上限値を上回る場合に対応する前記第1の機器に相殺電力を入力させ、前記電力系統の周波数が前記下限値を下回る場合に対応する前記第1の機器に相殺電力を出力させるものであり、
前記決定ステップでは、n個の前記第1指令値それぞれについて、前記周波数制御指令に含まれる前記入出力電力と、前記第2指令値に従ってm台の前記第2の機器が入出力する電力との差分に相当する電力の絶対値が大きいほど、前記上限値及び前記下限値の差を小さくする
請求項2に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記第2指令値は、予め定められた基準周波数に対する周波数変動の上限値及び下限値を含み、前記電力系統の周波数が前記上限値を上回る場合にm台の前記第2の機器に相殺電力を入力させ、前記電力系統の周波数が前記下限値を下回る場合にm台の前記第2の機器に相殺電力を出力させるものであり、
前記決定ステップでは、前記周波数制御指令に含まれる前記入出力電力の絶対値が大きいほど、前記上限値及び前記下限値の差を小さくする
請求項3又は4に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記第2指令値は、予め定められた基準周波数を外れた場合に入出力すべき相殺電力の値を含み、前記電力系統の周波数が前記基準周波数を上回る場合にm台の前記第2の機器に前記相殺電力を入力させ、前記電力系統の周波数が前記基準周波数を下回る場合にm台の前記第2の機器に前記相殺電力を出力させるものであり、
前記決定ステップでは、前記周波数制御指令で特定される前記電力系統に入出力すべき電力の絶対値が大きいほど、前記相殺電力の値を大きくする
請求項3又は4に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記周波数制御指令は、前記電力系統に入出力すべき入出力電力の値を含み、
前記決定ステップでは、n台の前記第1の機器が入出力可能な最大電力の総和が、前記周波数制御指令に含まれる前記入出力電力と、前記第2指令値に従ってm台の前記第2の機器が入出力する電力との差分に相当する電力を上回るように、前記複数の機器を前記第1の機器又は前記第2の機器に分類する
請求項2~6のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記指令取得ステップでは、所定の時間間隔毎に前記周波数制御指令を取得し、
前記決定ステップでは、前記指令取得ステップにおいて少なくとも最初に取得された前記周波数制御指令に基づいて、前記第2指令値を決定する
請求項2~7のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記決定ステップでは、前記複数の機器のうち、
所定時間内に前記第1指令値を送信可能なn台の前記機器を前記第1の機器に分類し、
前記第1の機器に分類されなかったm台の前記機器を前記第2の機器に分類する
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記複数の機器は、複数の蓄電池を含み、
前記複数の蓄電池のうち、
充電及び放電の一方のみをさせる前記蓄電池を第1の機器に分類し、
充電及び放電の他方のみをさせる前記蓄電池を第2の機器に分類する
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記複数の機器のうち、
電力の消費及び電力の出力の一方のみが可能な前記機器を前記第1の機器に分類し、
電力の消費及び電力の出力の両方が可能な前記機器を前記第2の機器に分類する
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記指令取得ステップでは、所定の時間間隔毎に前記周波数制御指令を取得し、
前記決定ステップでは、前記指令取得ステップで前記周波数制御指令が取得されるたびに、当該周波数制御指令に基づいて、n台の前記第1の機器それぞれに対応するn個の前記第1指令値を決定する
請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 前記指令取得ステップでは、前記周波数制御指令を生成することにより取得する
請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の周波数制御方法。 - 電力系統に接続された、n(nは1以上の自然数)台の第1の機器および前記第1の機器とは異なるm(mは1以上の自然数)台の第2の機器を含む複数の機器と、通信ネットワークを介して前記複数の機器が入出力する電力を管理する周波数制御装置とを備える周波数制御システムであって、
前記周波数制御装置は、
前記電力系統の周波数の変動を所定の範囲に収めるための周波数制御指令を取得する指令取得部と、
(i)m台の前記第2の機器が入出力する電力を取得し、かつ、(ii)前記指令取得部で取得された前記周波数制御指令と、取得したm台の前記第2の機器が入出力する前記電力とに基づいて、n台の前記第1の機器それぞれが入出力する電力を制御するn個の第1指令値を決定する決定部と、
前記決定部で決定されたn個の前記第1指令値それぞれを対応する前記第1の機器に個別送信する送信制御部とを備え、
前記第1の機器は、前記周波数制御装置から取得した第1指令値に従って電力系統に電力を入出力する
周波数制御システム。 - 請求項14に記載の周波数制御システムに用いられる分散型電源。
- 電力系統の周波数を制御する周波数制御システムにおいて、サーバによって管理され、かつ、n(nは1以上の自然数)台の第1の機器および前記第1の機器とは異なるm(mは1以上の自然数)台の第2の機器を含む複数の機器からなる分散型電源であって、
m台の前記第2の機器が入出力する電力と、前記電力系統の周波数の変動を所定の範囲に収めるための周波数制御指令とに基づいて、n台の前記第1の機器それぞれが入出力する電力を制御するn個の第1指令値として前記サーバにおいて決定された電力指令値を前記サーバから受信し、
前記サーバから受信した前記電力指令値に対応する電力を前記電力系統に入出力する
分散型電源。 - 電力系統の周波数を制御する周波数制御システムにおいて、n(nは1以上の自然数)台の第1の機器および前記第1の機器とは異なるm(mは1以上の自然数)台の第2の機器を含む複数の機器が入出力する電力を通信ネットワークを介して管理する周波数制御装置であって、
前記電力系統の周波数の変動を所定の範囲に収めるための周波数制御指令を取得する指令取得部と、
(i)m台の前記第2の機器が入出力する電力を取得し、かつ、(ii)前記指令取得部で取得された前記周波数制御指令と、取得したm台の前記第2の機器が入出力する前記電力とに基づいて、n台の前記第1の機器それぞれが入出力する電力を制御するn個の第1指令値を決定する決定部と、
前記決定部で決定されたn個の前記第1指令値それぞれを対応する前記第1の機器に個別送信する送信制御部とを含む
周波数制御装置。 - コンピュータに、電力系統に接続された、n(nは1以上の自然数)台の第1の機器および前記第1の機器とは異なるm(mは1以上の自然数)台の第2の機器を含む複数の機器に電力を入出力させるプログラムであって、
前記電力系統の周波数の変動を所定の範囲に収めるための周波数制御指令を取得する指令取得ステップと、
(i)m台の前記第2の機器が入出力する電力を取得し、かつ、(ii)前記指令取得ステップにおいて取得された前記周波数制御指令と、取得したm台の前記第2の機器が入出力する前記電力とに基づいて、n台の前記第1の機器それぞれが入出力する電力を制御するn個の第1指令値を決定する決定ステップと、
前記決定ステップにおいて決定されたn個の前記第1指令値それぞれを対応する前記第1の機器に個別送信する送信制御ステップとを、コンピュータに実行させる
プログラム。
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