WO2013146309A1 - 鍛造方法及び鍛造用金型 - Google Patents
鍛造方法及び鍛造用金型 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013146309A1 WO2013146309A1 PCT/JP2013/057246 JP2013057246W WO2013146309A1 WO 2013146309 A1 WO2013146309 A1 WO 2013146309A1 JP 2013057246 W JP2013057246 W JP 2013057246W WO 2013146309 A1 WO2013146309 A1 WO 2013146309A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/003—Selecting material
- B21J1/006—Amorphous metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/14—Ejecting devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a forging method and a forging die.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a forging method and a forging die that can more efficiently execute a forging process of a workpiece.
- the forging method of the present invention is A rectangular hexahedron is formed in the work space of the forging die having a rectangular opening, formed by a wall portion that is a rectangular plane, and formed with a work space into which the work is placed.
- a placing process for placing the workpiece; A process of applying plastic strain to the workpiece by deforming the workpiece placed above into a second shape that is a rectangular hexahedron, The placing step and the processing step are performed twice or more.
- the forging die of the present invention is A forging die used in a forging method for applying plastic strain to a work by deforming the work from a first shape that is a rectangular hexahedron to a second shape that is a rectangular hexahedron, An outer mold having a circular opening and an inner peripheral surface of the circle formed; An inner mold in which a work space into which the workpiece is placed is formed by a wall having a rectangular opening and a rectangular plane in a state in which a plurality of combined mold parts are fitted into the inner periphery of the outer mold And.
- the forging process of the workpiece can be executed more efficiently. This is because, for example, since the workpiece is pressure-deformed in the workpiece space of the forging die, the shape stability can be further ensured.
- the forging die has a structure in which a plurality of mold parts are fitted into the inner periphery of the outer mold, for example, the stress applied to the inner mold when pressurizing a work is more evenly distributed on the outer periphery side by the plurality of mold parts It can disperse
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a forging die 20.
- Explanatory drawing which shows an example of the forging method.
- FIG. Explanatory drawing of the change of the workpiece structure by a forging method.
- FIG. 1 An enlarged photograph of the structure of a copper alloy bulk body. The measurement result of the ultrasonic deep wound test of a copper alloy bulk body. An external view of a sample that has been freely forged. An external view of a sample using a forging die.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating an example of a forging die 20
- FIG. 2 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the forging die 20
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the forging die 20.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a mold unit 40.
- the forging die 20 is used in a forging method in which a plastic strain is applied to a workpiece by deforming the workpiece from a first shape that is a rectangular hexahedron into a second shape that is a rectangular hexahedron. It is. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the forging die 20 includes an upper die 21 that pressurizes and deforms the workpiece W from above, and a lower die 30 that stores the workpiece W in a workpiece space 45 that is a rectangular parallelepiped space. And.
- the upper die 21 is a member that is fixed to a slide knockout beam of a cold forging press device (not shown), moves in the vertical direction, and presses the workpiece W placed on the lower die 30 by the upper die indenter 22. .
- the upper mold 21 is provided with an upper indenter 22 that pressurizes and deforms the workpiece W on the lower surface of a disk-shaped member.
- the upper die indenter 22 is formed in a prismatic shape having a rectangular flat surface at the tip.
- the alignment jig 28 is a jig used for alignment between the upper mold indenter 22 and the work space 45. This alignment jig 28 is used by being placed on top of the mold unit 40.
- the lower mold 30 is a disk-shaped member, and is a member fixed to a bottom knockout beam of a cold forging press apparatus (not shown).
- the lower mold 30 includes a first lower mold 31 that serves as a pedestal, a second lower mold 36 that is fixed above the first lower mold 31, and a slidable slide that forms the bottom surface of the work space 45.
- a pedestal 35 and a mold unit 40 in which a work space 45 is formed and sandwiched between a first lower mold 31 and a second lower mold 36 and fixed in the lower mold 30 are provided.
- the first lower mold 31 is a disk-like member, and a slide groove 32 into which a plate-like slide base 35 is slidably inserted is formed on the upper surface of the first lower mold 31 from the center to the outer periphery of the disk.
- a communication space 33 that communicates with a work space 45 formed in the mold unit 40 is formed at the center of the disk. That is, the lower mold 30 is configured such that when the slide base 35 is slid, the work space 45 and the communication space 33 communicate with each other, and the work space 45 communicates with the outside. Accordingly, in the lower mold 30, the work W can be moved from the work space 45 to the communication space 33 by sliding the slide base 35.
- the slide base 35 forms a bottom surface of the work space 45 and is a member on which the work W is placed.
- the slide base 35 has a strength capable of withstanding the pressing force in the forging process on the workpiece W.
- the second lower mold 36 is a disk-shaped member having the same diameter as the first lower mold 31, and a mounting space 37 in which a mold unit 40 is mounted having a circular opening is formed at the center. ing.
- the first lower mold 31 and the second lower mold 36 are firmly fixed by bolts (not shown).
- the first lower mold 31 has a through hole 34 communicating with the communication space 33 and the outside (see FIG. 2).
- the mold unit 40 includes an outer mold 41 having a circular opening and an inner peripheral surface 42 of the circle, and a plurality of mold parts combined with each other. And an inner mold 50 in which a work space 45 is formed.
- the inner mold 50 is set on the inner periphery of the heated outer mold 41 and cooled, so that the inner mold 50 is shrink-fitted inside the outer mold 41.
- the outer mold 41 is a ring-shaped member having an inner peripheral surface 42 formed therein, and the inner mold 50 is fitted therein.
- the outer mold 41 is provided with a step on the outer periphery thereof, and is fixed in the mounting space 37 by the step being caught on the inner periphery of the second lower mold 36.
- the inner mold 50 has a disk-shaped outer shape with a stepped outer shape, and includes a plurality of members each separated by a corner portion 46 formed by two surfaces of the work space 45, and a rectangular opening at the center thereof Is a member formed with a work space 45 having
- the inner mold 50 is composed of two first mold members 51 and two second mold members 55.
- the first mold member 51 has a wall portion 54 that is a rectangular plane on the center side of the inner mold 50, and convex portions 52 are formed at both ends thereof, and the second mold member is formed by a connection surface 53 that is a side surface. 55 is connected.
- the second mold member 55 has two recesses 56 formed at the center thereof, the outer side partitioned by the recesses 56 is a connection surface 57 that contacts the first mold member 51, and the inner side is a rectangular plane. It is the wall part 58 which is.
- the convex portion 52 and the concave portion 56 are fitted into each other to form a disk-shaped member, and the movement of the first mold member 51 and the second mold member 55 is restricted.
- the wall portion 54 of the first mold member 51 that is a rectangular plane orthogonal to the connection surface 53 and the wall portion of the second mold member 55 that is a rectangular plane parallel to the connection surface 57. 58, a work space 45 is formed.
- the inner mold 50 is configured such that a corner portion 46 of the work space 45 is formed when a plurality of first mold members 51 and second mold members 55 are combined at the connection surface 53 and the connection surface 57. .
- the workpiece W can be, for example, a copper alloy.
- a copper alloy containing Ni, Sn and Cu a copper alloy containing Ti, Fe and Cu, Ni, Si, which have high work-hardening properties and high strength as well as this.
- a copper alloy containing Cu and Cu may be used. That is, examples of the copper alloy include CuBeCo, CuBeNi, CuNiSn, and CuTiFe. Among these, CuBeCo and CuBeNi are more preferable.
- the temperature and time of the homogenization treatment step, the solution treatment step, and the age hardening treatment step may differ depending on the selection range of elements and compositions, but the forging treatment of the present invention.
- a process can be performed.
- high-purity copper for example, 4N—Cu
- the workpiece W may be used as the workpiece W.
- a magnesium alloy AZ31; Mg—Al—Zn—Mn alloy, etc.
- a steel material Fe-20Cr, SUS304, etc.
- an aluminum alloy 7475Al; Al—Zn—).
- An Mg—Cu alloy or the like may be used.
- the forging die 20 configured in this manner has a structure in which a plurality of mold parts are fitted into the inner periphery of the outer die 41.
- stress applied to the inner die 50 when the workpiece W is pressed is applied to the plurality of die parts.
- the mold parts can be more evenly distributed on the outer peripheral side, and the destruction of the mold can be further suppressed.
- the inner mold 50 is formed by a plurality of mold parts each separated by a corner portion 46 formed by two surfaces of the work space 45, a mold is formed at the corner portion 46 of the stressed work space 45. Can be prevented from occurring.
- the slide pedestal 35 is slid, a space communicating from the work space 45 to the outside is formed, so that the processed workpiece W can be easily taken out from the communication space 33.
- the forging method of the present invention can be applied to, for example, a copper beryllium-based alloy manufacturing process.
- a method for producing a copper beryllium alloy will be described as a specific example.
- (1) a homogenization treatment step, (2) a solution treatment step, (3) a cooling treatment step, (4) a forging treatment step which is a forging method of the present invention, ( 5) An age hardening treatment step may be included.
- (1) Homogenizing treatment step In this step, Be (or a Be compound) is dissolved in a Cu matrix to perform a treatment for producing a copper alloy in which dislocations are not generated in crystal grains.
- Cu 100- (a + b) Be a Co b (0.4% ⁇ a ⁇ 2.0%, 0.15% ⁇ b ⁇ 2.8%, a + b ⁇ 3.5%)
- Mass ratio or mass of Cu 100- (c + d) Be c Ni d (0.05% ⁇ c ⁇ 0.6%, 1.0% ⁇ d ⁇ 2.4%, c + d ⁇ 3.0%)
- the copper alloy constituted by the ratio is melted in a high-frequency melting furnace to produce an ingot.
- Fe, S, and P as impurities can be limited to less than 0.01% by mass ratio.
- the obtained ingot is heated and held for a predetermined holding time (1 hour to 24 hours) in a solid solution temperature range (in the range of 700 ° C. to 1000 ° C.), thereby generating non-equilibrium during casting. Remove and homogenize non-uniform structures that adversely affect subsequent processes such as segregation.
- the obtained ingot is processed into a rectangular parallelepiped copper alloy (bulk body) having a desired size.
- the oxide film formed on the surface of the copper alloy may be removed by cutting.
- the bulk body may be a rectangular parallelepiped having sides extending along directions of three axes (X, Y, Z axes) orthogonal to each other.
- the length ratio of each side (X side, Y side, Z side) is x: y: z (where x ⁇ y ⁇ z, 1.03x ⁇ y ⁇ 1.49x, 1.
- Solid solution treatment step In this step, the bulk material obtained by the homogenization treatment is subjected to a predetermined solid solution retention time (1 hour to 24 hours) in the solid solution temperature range (in the range of 700 ° C to 1000 ° C). Then, heat treatment is performed to dissolve Be (or Be compound) in the Cu matrix.
- the bulk body may be subjected to an overaging treatment in which the bulk body is maintained for a predetermined time (2 to 6 hours) in an overaging temperature range (within a range of 550 to 650 ° C.).
- an average particle size of about 1 ⁇ m for example, an average particle size of about 1 ⁇ m.
- the solution treatment and the overaging treatment may be performed independently (discontinuously) or continuously.
- this overaging treatment it is possible to obtain an effect that the appropriately precipitated particles work suitably and are uniformly deformed to the inside. This suppresses the generation of a shear band structure that crosses multiple crystal grains and prevents cracks and fractures, so that it can maintain uniform hardness from the surface to the inside, has excellent fatigue life, and has a processing strain. It is possible to obtain a copper beryllium bulk body that is less likely to cause the occurrence of copper.
- Cooling treatment step the bulk body that has undergone the solid solution treatment is cooled by water cooling, air cooling, or cooling so that the surface temperature of the copper alloy becomes, for example, 20 ° C or less.
- the cooling rate varies depending on the size of the bulk body, but is preferably ⁇ 100 ° C./s or more (preferably ⁇ 200 ° C./s or more).
- Forging process step In this process, the bulk body after cooling is used as a work W, and forging is performed from the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis directions of the rectangular parallelepipeds while cooling and heat removal.
- the mounting step and the processing step are performed twice or more, including a processing step of applying plastic strain to the workpiece W by deforming it into the second shape which is a hexahedron.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of the forging method of the present invention, in which FIG. 4 (a) is a placement step, FIG. 4 (b) is a machining step, FIG. 4 (c) is a launching step, and FIG. ) Is an explanatory diagram of the extraction process.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of changes in the work structure by the forging method of the present invention. In this forging process, the process of putting the workpiece W into the workpiece space 45, pressurizing and deforming it, and punching it out is repeated. When the forging die 20 is used, it is preferable to use a lubricant on the surface of the workpiece W, the walls 54 and 58 forming the workpiece space 45, and the like.
- the forging process may be performed so that the lubricant is interposed between the workpiece W and the forging die 20.
- the lubricant examples include gel bodies (such as metal soap), powders (such as MoS 2 and graphite), and liquids (such as mineral oil).
- the workpiece W is used in which the volume ratio, which is the ratio of the volume of the workpiece space 45 to the volume of the workpiece W, has a predetermined relationship.
- the volume ratio is preferably the workpiece W and the workpiece space 45 in the range of 1.20 to 3.50, and more preferably in the range of 1.22 to 2.20.
- the volume ratio between the work space 45 and the work W is x: y: z where the length ratio of each side (X side, Y side, Z side) of the work W is (y / x) ⁇ (Z / y) ⁇ z (1 + ⁇ ) / z; where x ⁇ y ⁇ z and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 0.5, and the upper indenter 22 is moved from the upper surface of the workpiece W to (z ⁇ It is preferable to set the amount of x) to the pressurizing amount.
- the work space 45 is A rectangular parallelepiped shape of y: z: z (1 + ⁇ ) is preferable.
- the workpiece W has a length ratio x: y: z of each side (X side, Y side, Z side) of 1.10x ⁇ y ⁇ 1.20x, 1.21x ⁇ z ⁇ 1.44x.
- Z (y / x) 2 x, preferably a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- ⁇ is also referred to as a top surface coefficient.
- “pushing in the amount of (z ⁇ x)” includes pushing in an amount in which a predetermined margin amount is added to (z ⁇ x).
- the actual pushing amount may be smaller than the set value due to thermal expansion of the material, rigidity of the entire apparatus, dimensional tolerance of the mold, and the like.
- the upper indenter 22 includes one that pushes the amount of ⁇ z ⁇ x ⁇ ⁇ from the upper surface of the workpiece W.
- This correction coefficient ⁇ is a mechanical tolerance correction coefficient, and includes a variation value of an indentation amount due to thermal expansion, a variation value of rigidity (elastic deformation) of the entire apparatus, a dimensional tolerance of a mold, etc. It may be 0 ⁇ 0.05.
- a value of 0.05 for this correction coefficient ⁇ is that the thermal expansion coefficient of the steel material is about 12 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / ° C., and when the temperature rises by 100 ° C., the coefficient of linear expansion is 0.12%. It is the value which was calculated.
- the actual pushing amount may be smaller than the set value.
- the correction coefficient may be larger than 1.0 ⁇ 0.05. Therefore, the correction coefficient may be appropriately set according to the material to be used. .
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the volume ratio between the work space 45 and the work W, FIG.
- FIG. 5A is a top view of the work space 45 placed in the work space 45
- FIG. FIG. 5C is a perspective view of the workpiece W.
- the workpiece W is deformed in the workpiece space 45 with a sufficient pressing force.
- forging is performed from the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions of the rectangular parallelepiped that are orthogonal to each other.
- pressure it is preferable to apply pressure sequentially from the axial direction corresponding to the longest side among the sides of the workpiece W. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a case will be described in which machining steps are executed in the order of the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis of the workpiece W.
- the surface temperature of the workpiece W during pressurization is preferably maintained at 120 ° C. or less (more preferably within the range of 20 to 100 ° C.).
- the pressurizing pressure is preferably 1200 MPa or less.
- the amount of reduction (processing rate%) for one processing is preferably in the range of 18% or more and less than 33%.
- the amount of plastic strain applied to the workpiece W (strain amount; ⁇ ) is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 0.36.
- the strain rate of the plastic strain applied to the workpiece W is preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (s ⁇ 1 ) to 1 ⁇ 10 +1 (s ⁇ 1 ) and is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 (s ⁇ 1). ) And a range of 1 ⁇ 10 +1 (s ⁇ 1 ) or less is more preferable.
- the first shape workpiece W before deformation and the second shape workpiece after deformation have different X, Y, and Z axis lengths, but the first shape and the second shape are the same shape. It is preferable that the workpiece W is deformed. That is, the ratio of each side of the workpiece W is preferably maintained at 1: e: f before and after the deformation. In this way, uniform plastic strain can be applied to each axial direction.
- the slide base 35 is slid along the slide groove 32 to form the communication space 33, and then the workpiece W in the workpiece space 45 is pressurized by the upper die indenter 22 from above. Is launched into the communication space 33.
- a process of taking out the workpiece W that has been placed out from the communication space 33 is performed.
- the workpiece W is taken out from the space from which the slide pedestal 35 is removed by pushing it out through the through hole 34 (see FIG. 2) with an extrusion rod or the like.
- the cooling method may be any method such as air cooling, water cooling, and natural cooling, but considering the efficiency and efficiency of repetitive work, cooling by water cooling is desirable.
- the cooling is preferably performed so that the surface temperature of the hot copper alloy generated from the copper alloy by pressurization is 20 ° C. or less.
- the placing process, the machining process, the punching process, and the extracting process are performed up to a predetermined number of pressurization times.
- the “number of pressurizations” refers to the number of times counted up when the pressure is applied to the workpiece W from any one of the directions of each axis (X axis, Y axis, Z axis).
- the “predetermined number of pressurizations” refers to the number of times that the cumulative value of plastic strain applied to the copper alloy (cumulative strain amount; ⁇ total) is, for example, 1.8 or more, more preferably 4.0 or more. It may be a thing.
- Age hardening treatment step In this step, the rectangular copper alloy is subjected to a predetermined age hardening time (1 hour to 24 hours) in the precipitation temperature region (within 200 ° C. to 550 ° C.) in the workpiece W (copper alloy) after the forging treatment. For a period of time), precipitation treatment of Be (or Be compound) contained in the copper alloy is performed. In this way, a copper beryllium alloy with improved properties such as hardness can be produced.
- the forging die 20 since the workpiece W is pressure-deformed in the workpiece space 45 of the forging die 20, shape stability can be further ensured. Further, since the forging die 20 has a structure in which a plurality of mold parts are fitted into the inner periphery of the outer mold 50, for example, the stress applied to the inner mold 50 when the workpiece W is pressed is applied to the outer periphery by the plurality of mold parts. It is possible to disperse more uniformly on the side, and it is possible to further suppress the destruction of the mold. For this reason, for example, it is possible to further suppress the exchange of dies, and as a result, the work forging process can be executed more efficiently.
- the inner mold 50 is formed by a plurality of mold parts that are separated from each other by the corner portions 46, it is possible to prevent the mold from cracking at the corner portions 46 of the stressed work space 45. As a result, the forging process of the workpiece can be executed more efficiently. Furthermore, since a space communicating from the work space 45 to the outside is formed when the slide base 35 is slid, the processed workpiece W can be easily taken out from the communication space 33, so that the forging process of the workpiece can be executed more efficiently. it can.
- the forging process of the workpiece can be executed more efficiently.
- the first shape workpiece W and the second shape workpiece W are deformed so that the first shape and the second shape have the same shape although the lengths of the X, Y, and Z axes are different. Therefore, uniform plastic strain can be applied to each axis.
- the workpiece W is deformed in a range where the machining rate is 18% or more and less than 33%, so that the forging process of the workpiece can be executed more efficiently.
- the workpiece W is an alloy containing Be and Cu, the significance of applying the present invention is high.
- the mold unit 40 is mounted on the second lower mold 36, the mold unit 40 can be easily replaced, and the forging process can be more efficiently performed on the workpieces W having various shapes. Can do.
- a lubricant may be applied to each surface of the bulk workpiece and the surface of each mold in contact therewith.
- the lubricant at this time can be selected as required, such as gel, powder, liquid and the like. In that case, it is more preferable to select a lubricant that has high thermal conductivity and does not hinder heat transfer from the work W to the inner mold.
- the forging die 20 including a plurality of die members in which the convex portions 52 and the concave portions 56 are formed is used.
- the embodiment is not limited to this, and is shown in FIGS.
- the forging die 20B may be used.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the forging die 20B
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the forging die 20B.
- the forging die 20B includes an inner die 50B in which four die members 51B formed in the same shape are combined.
- the outer die 41 is omitted, and the second lower die 36 has a configuration corresponding to the outer die of the present invention.
- the stress applied to the inner mold 50B when the workpiece W is pressed can be evenly distributed to the outer peripheral side by the plurality of mold parts 51B, and the destruction of the mold can be further suppressed.
- the forging process can be executed more efficiently.
- the forging die 20 including the inner die 50 composed of a plurality of die members is used.
- the forging die 20C shown in FIGS. It may be used.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the forging die 20C
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the forging die 20C.
- the forging die 20C is provided with an inner die 50C in which the outer die 41 is omitted and is not divided. Even in this case, since the forging die 20C is used and the workpiece W is pressure-deformed in the rectangular parallelepiped workpiece space 45, the shape stability can be further ensured, and the forging process of the workpiece can be executed more efficiently. be able to.
- the inner mold 50 is provided in which the work space 45 is formed in a state in which a plurality of mold parts are fitted into the inner periphery of the outer mold 41, but the present invention is not particularly limited thereto. It is good also as what is integrated in the inside of the outer type
- a plurality of mold parts each separated by the corner portion 46 are provided, each may be separated by the corner portion 46, or each portion may be separated by a portion other than the corner portion 46. It is good.
- the lower mold 30 is formed by the first lower mold 31, the mold unit 40, the slide pedestal 35, and the second lower mold 36. These members may be added, or any one or more of them may be omitted.
- the slide pedestal 35 is provided, but the slide pedestal 35 may not be provided.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the forging die 20D.
- the forging die 20 ⁇ / b> D includes a first lower die 31 (base) that forms the bottom surface of the work space 45, and a flow path 34 ⁇ / b> D through which a cooling medium flows is provided in the vicinity of the work space 45. Is formed. In some cases, the temperature rises when the workpiece W is deformed. If this is done, the workpiece W can be cooled to prevent its destruction and the forging process of the workpiece can be executed more efficiently.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 are pressed to float the work. It is good also as a metal mold
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of a forging die 20E provided with a levitation mechanism 60.
- FIG. 12 (a) is an explanatory view of FIG. 12 (b) after the processing step shown in FIG. 4 (b) and
- FIG. FIG. 12 (c) is an explanatory view of the workpiece W ejection.
- the levitation mechanism 60 is formed on the slide pedestal 35 and includes a levitation member 61 that presses the bottom surface of the workpiece W and an operation rod 62 that operates the movement of the levitation member 61.
- An operation space 63 into which the operation rod 62 is inserted is formed.
- the slide pedestal 35 has a mortar-shaped opening having a larger opening area on the upper surface side in a region forming the work space 45, and the operation space 63 communicates with the opening to form the operation space 63 of the slide pedestal 35. It is formed in the sliding direction.
- the operation space 63 is formed so as to communicate from the outside of the slide base 35 to the lower side of the floating member 61.
- the floating member 61 is formed so that the upper surface thereof constitutes a part of the upper surface of the slide pedestal 35 in a state of being fitted into the mortar-shaped opening.
- a rack 64 is disposed below the floating member 61.
- the operation rod 62 is formed in such a length that it is inserted into the operation space 63 and reaches below the floating member 61, and a pinion 65 is disposed at the tip thereof.
- the levitation mechanism 60 when the pinion 65 is rotated in a state where the pinion 65 is engaged with the rack 64, the levitation member 61 moves up and down (see the blow-out diagram in FIG. 12A).
- the operator uses the forging die 20E to perform a processing step of pressurizing and deforming the workpiece W (FIG.
- the workpiece W may be pressure-bonded to the slide base 35, and the workpiece W may not be smoothly taken out.
- the levitation mechanism 60 is provided, and the workpiece W can be slightly pushed upward by the vertical movement of the levitation member 61. Thereby, the workpiece W that has been pressure-bonded to the slide pedestal 35 is detached, and the placing step of removing the slide pedestal 35 and taking out the workpiece W from the communication space 33 can be performed smoothly (FIG. 12C).
- the levitation mechanism 60 is not limited to the rack-and-pinion configuration as long as the levitation member 61 is moved up and down.
- the levitation mechanism 60 moves up and down via an operation direction conversion device such as a bevel gear or a worm wheel, or further through hydraulic pressure.
- the floating member 61 may be pushed up by the moving mechanism.
- a mechanism may be employed in which a fulcrum is provided at the tip of the operating rod 62 and near the bottom of the floating member 61 and the operating rod is used to push up the floating member 61 based on this principle. Even in this case, the workpiece W that has been pressure-bonded to the slide pedestal 35 is detached, and the placing step of removing the slide pedestal 35 and taking out the workpiece W from the communication space 33 can be performed smoothly.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of a forging die 20F provided with a levitation mechanism 70.
- FIG. 13 (a) is an explanatory view in which FIG. 13 (b) floats the workpiece W after the processing step of FIG. 4 (b).
- FIG. 13 (c) is an explanatory view of the workpiece W ejection.
- the levitation mechanism 70 is formed on the slide pedestal 35, and is connected to the levitation member 71 and a levitation member 71 in which a plurality of injection ports 76 are formed to press the bottom surface of the work W with a fluid (for example, gas or liquid).
- a fluid for example, gas or liquid
- the slide base 35 is formed with an operation space 73 into which the flow pipe 72 is inserted.
- a cylindrical opening is formed on the upper surface of the slide base 35 forming the work space 45, and an operation space 73 is formed in the slide direction of the slide base 35 in communication with the opening.
- the operation space 73 is formed so as to communicate from the outside of the slide base 35 to the lower side of the floating member 71.
- the floating member 71 is formed so that its upper surface constitutes a part of the upper surface of the slide pedestal 35 in a state of being inserted into the opening.
- an escape space 74 is formed between the opening of the slide base 35 and the floating member 71 to discharge the fluid supplied from the flow hole 75.
- the flow pipe 72 is inserted into the operation space 73 and connected below the floating member 71.
- the flow hole 75 communicates with the injection port 76.
- compressed gas as a fluid is supplied from the flow hole 75, the compressed gas presses the bottom surface of the workpiece W from the injection port 76 of the floating member 71.
- the operator uses the forging die 20F and performs a processing step for pressurizing and deforming the workpiece W (FIG. 13A), and then supplies compressed gas from the flow pipe 72 to the injection port 76 of the floating member 71. Compressed gas is discharged from (FIG. 13B). Then, the workpiece W can be slightly pushed upward by the compressed gas from the floating member 71.
- the gas discharged from the injection port 76 passes through the escape space 74 and is discharged from the operation space 73 to the outside. In this way, the workpiece W that has been pressure-bonded to the slide pedestal 35 is detached, and the placing step of removing the slide pedestal 35 and taking out the workpiece W from the communication space 33 can be performed smoothly (FIG. 13C).
- the levitation mechanisms 60 and 70 may be formed on the first lower mold 31 (base) as long as the bottom surface of the workpiece W can be pressed. In addition, the levitation mechanisms 60 and 70 may adopt a configuration other than the above as long as the mechanism can separate the slide base 35 and the workpiece W.
- the workpiece W has been described as an alloy containing Be and Cu.
- the copper alloy containing Ni, Sn and Cu which has high work-hardening and high strength, Ti
- the above-described steps may be performed using a copper alloy containing Fe, Cu, a copper alloy containing Ni, Si, and Cu as the workpiece W.
- the temperature and time of the homogenization process, solution treatment process and age hardening process may differ from the alloy containing Be and Cu, but the forging process described above Can be executed. Or it is good also as what performs the process mentioned above by making high purity copper (for example, 4N-Cu) into the workpiece
- the workpiece may be deformed within a range of a machining rate of 6% or more and less than 55%.
- Experimental Examples 1 to 13 and 23 to 32 correspond to examples of the present invention
- Experimental Examples 14 to 22 correspond to comparative examples.
- the treatment was performed at 840 ° C. for 4 hours, and processed into a shape of 60 mm ⁇ 66 mm ⁇ 73 mm (1: 1.1: 1.21).
- a bulk body obtained by performing the treatment at 800 ° C. for 1 hour and quenching at about 50 ° C./s was used as a workpiece W.
- processing rate is 18% (1 strain amount is 0.2)
- strain rate is about 1 ⁇ 10 0 (s ⁇ 1 )
- total strain amount ⁇ is 2.4
- predetermined pressurization The test was performed under the condition of 12 times.
- the hardening by forging was first examined.
- a workpiece W obtained by forging a Cu—Be—Co-based copper alloy with a forging die 20 is referred to as Example 1, and one not subjected to forging is referred to as Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 A workpiece W obtained by forging a Cu—Be—Ni-based copper alloy with a forging die 20 is referred to as Example 2, and one not subjected to forging is referred to as Comparative Example 2.
- a SEALUB product manufactured by NOK Kluber was applied as the lubricant.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged photograph of the organization of Example 1.
- FIG. 14A shows an electron microscope (SEM) photograph. It was found that the structure of the copper alloy becomes finer when the total strain amount ⁇ is increased. Moreover, although the structure
- FIG. 15A and 15B show measurement results of an ultrasonic deep scratch test of a copper alloy bulk body.
- FIG. 15A shows a measurement result of a bulk body before forging (Comparative Example 1)
- FIG. 15B shows a bulk after forging. It is a measurement result (Example 1) of a body.
- a surface layer of a cubic bulk body having a side of 100 mm was cut and processed into a cube having a side of 70 mm, and then ultrasonic waves were transmitted to the bulk body.
- FIG. 15 (a) in the bulk body not subjected to the forging treatment, a bottom echo peak with a thickness of 70 mm appeared, but an echo peak due to multiple reflection did not appear near the thickness of 140 mm (peak).
- a copper alloy composed of a mass ratio of Ni 9 Si 2 , a magnesium alloy (AZ31), steel composed of a mass ratio of Fe 80 Cr 20 , SUS304, and an aluminum alloy (7475Al) were also prepared and studied.
- Shape evaluation In the shape evaluation, the presence or absence of cracks and rounded corners was visually examined, and those having good shapes were evaluated as ⁇ , and those having cracks and rounded corners were evaluated as ⁇ . In addition, for the linearity, whether or not each of the six surfaces is kept flat is visually checked for the presence or absence of a gap when placing a ruler on the plane. did. In addition, the maximum dimensional difference is determined by measuring the maximum value of the difference in dimension (length) of each side before and after forging. The maximum dimensional difference before and after forging is less than 2%. X. Tables 1 and 2 show the results for the Cu—Be—Co alloy, but the results were the same for the Cu—Be—Ni alloy.
- Table 2 shows the results of the forging process for each workpiece.
- Experimental Examples 14 and 15 in which the long side z and the middle side y are not relatively long with respect to the short side x, and the experiment in which the long side z and the middle side y are relatively long with respect to the short side x
- the shape stability was poor.
- Experimental Example 18 with a small number of cycles of cumulative strain
- Experimental Example 19 with a large number of cycles
- the shape stability was poor.
- Experimental Example 20 having a large top surface coefficient ⁇ representing the gap of the top surface, the result was good, but it took time for the upper die to descend until the forging started, and the production efficiency was not good.
- FIG. 16 is an appearance photograph of a sample (Experimental Example 22) subjected to free forging
- FIG. 17 is an appearance photograph of Experimental Examples 1 to 13.
- the plane of the rectangular parallelepiped shape becomes a curved surface when the pressure deformation is repeated, whereas in the samples of Experimental Examples 1 to 13 where the forging by the forging die 20 is performed, the pressure deformation is repeated. It was also found that the rectangular parallelepiped shape was maintained.
- the top surface coefficient ⁇ is 0.01 to 0.5
- the short side x the middle side y: the long side In side z (x ⁇ y ⁇ z), 1.22x ⁇ y ⁇ 1.49x, 1.49x ⁇ z ⁇ 2.22x
- the volume ratio is 1.505 to 3.330, indicating good shape maintainability.
- the aluminum alloy (7475Al) the top surface coefficient ⁇ is 0.01 to 0.5
- the short side x the middle side y: the long side z (x ⁇ y ⁇ z), 1.03x ⁇ y ⁇ 1.
- 06x 1.06x ⁇ z ⁇ 1.12x
- the volume ratio of 1.07 to 1.68 good shape maintainability was exhibited.
- the forging process could be executed with improved shape stability, even in the case of using a die whose inner die was not divided, such as the forging die 20C.
- stress may be applied to the inner mold, and cracks may occur in the corners of the inner mold where the work space is formed.
- the forging die 20 in which the inner die 50 is composed of a plurality of die members it has been found that such a crack does not occur and a stable forging process can be executed.
- the present invention is a machine structural component that requires durability and reliability, such as an aircraft bearing, a submarine cable repeater casing, a ship rotor shaft, an oilfield drilling collar, an injection mold, and a welding electrode holder. It is possible to use it.
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Abstract
Description
矩形の開口部を有し、 矩形状の平面である壁部により形成され、ワークを入れるワーク空間が形成された鍛造用金型の該ワーク空間に、矩形状の6面体である第1形状のワークを載置する載置工程と、
前記載置されたワークを矩形状の6面体である第2形状に変形させることにより該ワークに塑性歪みを加える加工工程と、を含み、
前記載置工程と前記加工工程とを2回以上行うことを特徴とするものである。
矩形状の6面体である第1形状のワークから矩形状の6面体である第2形状のワークに変形させることにより該ワークに塑性歪みを加える鍛造方法に用いられる鍛造用金型であって、
円形の開口部を有し該円の内周面が形成された外型と、
組み合わされた複数の型部品が前記外型の内周に嵌め込まれた状態で、矩形の開口部を有し矩形状の平面である壁部により、前記ワークを入れるワーク空間が形成される内型と、を備えたものである。
この工程では、Cuのマトリクス中にBe(又はBe化合物)を固溶させ、結晶粒に転位が生じていない銅合金を生成する処理を行う。具体的には、Cu100-(a+b)BeaCob(0.4%≦a≦2.0%,0.15%≦b≦2.8%,a+b≦3.5%)の質量比、またはCu100-(c+d)BecNid(0.05%≦c≦0.6%,1.0%≦d≦2.4%,c+d≦3.0%)の質量比で構成された銅合金を高周波溶解炉で溶解し、鋳塊を作製する。このとき、不純物となるFe,S,Pを質量比で0.01%未満に制限し得るのが好ましい。得られた鋳塊を、固溶温度域(700℃~1000℃の範囲内)で所定の保持時間(1時間~24時間)に亘って加熱保持することにより、鋳造時に非平衡的に生成する偏析などの後工程に悪影響を及ぼす不均一な組織を除去して均質化する。次に、得られた鋳塊を、所望の大きさの直方体形状の銅合金(バルク体)に加工する。銅合金の表面に形成された酸化皮膜は切削により除去してもよい。バルク体は、互いに直交する3つの軸(X,Y,Z軸)方向に沿って延びる辺を有する直方体としてもよい。このバルク体は、各辺(X辺,Y辺,Z辺)の長さの比を、x:y:z(但し、x<y<z、1.03x≦y≦1.49x、1.06x≦z≦2.22x、z=(y/x)2xを満たす)とする直方体形状であることが好ましい(後述図5参照)。また、このとき、1.10x≦y≦1.20x、1.21x≦z≦1.44xを満たす直方体形状とするのがより好ましい。
この工程では、均質化処理で得られたバルク体を、固溶温度域(700℃~1000℃の範囲内)で所定の固溶保持時間(1時間~24時間)に亘って加熱保持し、Cuのマトリクス中にBe(又はBe化合物)を固溶させる処理を行う。固溶化処理工程ののち、このバルク体に対して、過時効温度域(550~650℃の範囲内)で所定の時間(2~6時間)保持する過時効処理を行うものとしてもよい。こうすれば、その後の各製造工程において悪影響を及ぼさない程度の大きさ(例えば平均粒径1μm程度)まで銅合金の析出粒子を成長させることができると考えられる。なお、固溶化処理と過時効処理は、それぞれ独立(不連続)に処理してもよいし、連続的に処理してもよい。この過時効処理により、適度に析出した粒子が好適に働いて内部まで効率よく均一に変形する効果が得られる。これにより複数の結晶粒を横断するようなせん断帯組織の生成が抑えられて割れや破壊等が生じることがないため、表面から内部まで均一な硬さを保持でき、疲労寿命に優れ、加工ひずみが生じにくい銅ベリリウムバルク体を得ることができる。
この工程では、固溶化処理を行ったバルク体を、水冷、空冷、又は放冷によって、銅合金の表面温度が例えば20℃以下となるように冷却する。冷却速度はバルク体の大きさによって異なるが、-100℃/s以上(好ましくは-200℃/s以上)とするのが好ましい。
この工程では、冷却後のバルク体をワークWとし、冷却抜熱しながら直方体の互いに直交するX軸、Y軸、Z軸方向から鍛造する処理を行う。この鍛造処理工程では、例えば鍛造用金型20のワーク空間45に矩形状の6面体(直方体)である第1形状のワークWを載置する載置工程と、載置されたワークを矩形状の6面体である第2形状に変形させることによりワークWに塑性歪みを加える加工工程と、を含み、載置工程と加工工程とを2回以上行うものとする。図4は、本発明の鍛造方法の一例を示す説明図であり、図4(a)が載置工程、図4(b)が加工工程、図4(c)が打出工程、図4(d)が取出工程の説明図である。図5は、本発明の鍛造方法によるワーク組織の変化の説明図である。この鍛造処理工程では、ワークWをワーク空間45に入れ、加圧変形させ、打ち出して取り出す処理を繰り返し行うのである。なお、鍛造用金型20の使用時には、ワークWの表面やワーク空間45を形成する壁部54,58などに潤滑剤を用いることが好ましい。即ち、ワークWと鍛造用金型20との間に潤滑剤が介在するように鍛造処理を行うものとしてもよい。潤滑剤としては、例えば、ジェル体(金属石鹸など)、粉末(MoS2、黒鉛など)、液体(鉱油など)を用いることができる。
この工程では、鍛造処理後のワークW(銅合金)を析出温度域(200℃~550℃の範囲内)で矩形銅合金が所定の時効硬化時間(1時間~24時間)に亘って保持することにより、銅合金に含まれるBe(又は、Be化合物)を析出硬化させる処理を行う。このようにして、硬度などの特性をより向上した、銅ベリリウム合金を製造することができる。
この浮上機構70は、スライド台座35に形成されており、複数の噴射口76が形成されワークWの底面を流体(例えば、気体や液体)により押圧する浮上部材71と、浮上部材71に接続され噴射口76まで流体を送る流通孔75が形成された流通管72と、を備えている。また、スライド台座35には、流通管72が挿入される操作空間73が形成されている。ワーク空間45を形成するスライド台座35の上面には、円柱形の開口部が形成されており、この開口部に連通して操作空間73がスライド台座35のスライド方向に形成されている。この操作空間73は、スライド台座35の外部から浮上部材71の下方まで連通するように形成されている。浮上部材71は、上記開口部に挿入された状態で、その上面がスライド台座35の上面の一部を構成するよう形成されている。また、スライド台座35の開口部と浮上部材71との間には、流通孔75から供給された流体が排出される逃がし空間74が形成されている。流通管72は、操作空間73に挿入され浮上部材71の下方に接続されている。浮上機構70では、流通孔75から噴射口76までが連通しており、流通孔75から流体としての圧縮ガスを供給すると、浮上部材71の噴射口76からこの圧縮ガスがワークWの底面を押圧する。操作者は、この鍛造用金型20Fを用い、ワークWを加圧変形する加工工程を行ったあと(図13(a))、流通管72から圧縮ガスを供給し浮上部材71の噴射口76から圧縮ガスを吐出させる(図13(b))。すると、浮上部材71からの圧縮ガスにより、ワークWを上方へ僅かに押し上げることができる。なお、噴射口76から吐出したガスは、逃がし空間74を通って、操作空間73から外部に排出される。こうして、スライド台座35に圧着していたワークWが離脱し、スライド台座35を取り外しワークWを連通空間33から取り出す打出工程を円滑に行うことができる(図13(c))。なお、浮上機構60,70は、ワークWの底面を押圧可能であれば、第1下型31(基部)に形成されていてもよい。また、浮上機構60、70は、スライド台座35とワークWとを分離可能な機構であれば、上記以外の構成を採用することができる。
次に、鍛造用金型20を用いた鍛造処理について検討した。ワークの形状、体積比、加工率などを表1、2に示すように変化させて鍛造前後の形状や直線性、最大寸法差などをその外形から評価した。上述したものと同様の工程で、Cu100-(a+b)BeaCob(a=1.8%,b=0.2%)の質量比で構成した銅合金、及び、Cu100-(c+d)BecNid(c=0.2%,d=1.8%)の質量比で構成された銅合金を作製した。なお、表1では、短辺x、中辺y、長辺zにおいて、短辺xを1に規格化した各辺の長さを示した。
また、Cu97.85Be0.35Ni1.8の質量比で構成された銅合金、Cu78Ni15Sn7の質量比で構成した銅合金、Cu96.9Ti3Fe0.1の質量比で構成した銅合金、Cu89Ni9Si2の質量比で構成した銅合金、マグネシウム合金(AZ31)、Fe80Cr20の質量比で構成した鉄鋼、SUS304、アルミニウム合金(7475Al)なども作製し、検討した。
形状評価は、クラックや角の丸みなどの有無を目視で調べ、形状のよいものを○、クラックや角に丸みのあるものを×と評価した。また、直線性は、6つの各面が平面を保っているか否かを、平面に物差しを当てたときの隙間の有無を目視により調べ、隙間のないものを○、隙間のあるものを×とした。また、最大寸法差は、鍛造前後の各辺の寸法(長さ)の差異の最大値を測定し、鍛造前後で最大寸法差が2%以下であるものを○、2%を超えたものを×とした。なお、表1、2には、Cu-Be-Co合金の結果を示したが、Cu-Be-Ni合金でも同様の結果であった。
Claims (17)
- 矩形の開口部を有し、 矩形状の平面である壁部により形成され、ワークを入れるワーク空間が形成された鍛造用金型の該ワーク空間に、矩形状の6面体である第1形状のワークを載置する載置工程と、
前記載置されたワークを矩形状の6面体である第2形状に変形させることにより該ワークに塑性歪みを加える加工工程と、を含み、
前記載置工程と前記加工工程とを2回以上行う、鍛造方法。 - 前記鍛造用金型は、円形の開口部を有し該円の内周面が形成された外型と、組み合わされた複数の型部品が前記外型の内周に嵌め込まれた状態で前記ワーク空間が形成される内型と、を備えている、請求項1に記載の鍛造方法。
- 前記鍛造用金型は、前記内型が前記ワーク空間の2面で形成される角部により各々が分離される前記複数の型部品により形成されている、請求項1又は2に記載の鍛造方法。
- 前記鍛造用金型は、前記ワーク空間の底面を形成するスライド可能な台座部を備えており、
前記台座部をスライドさせると前記ワーク空間から外部に連通する空間が形成される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の鍛造方法。 - 前記鍛造用金型は、前記ワーク空間の底面を形成する基部を備えており、
前記基部には、冷却媒体が流通する流通経路が形成されている、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の鍛造方法。 - 前記載置工程では、前記ワークの体積に対する前記ワーク空間の体積の比である体積比が、1.20以上3.50以下の範囲となる前記ワーク及び前記ワーク空間とする、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の鍛造方法。
- 前記載置工程では、前記ワーク空間と前記ワークとの体積比が、ワーク各辺(X辺,Y辺,Z辺)の長さの比をx:y:zとしたとき、(y/x)×(z/y)×z(1+α)/z;(但し、x<y<z、1.03x≦y≦1.49x、1.06x≦z≦2.22x、z=(y/x)2x、0<α≦0.5を満たす)となる範囲とし、
前記加工工程では、ワークの上面から(z-x)の量を押し込んだ加圧をする、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の鍛造方法。 - 前記載置工程では、1.10x≦y≦1.20x、1.21x≦z≦1.44xを満たす範囲とする、請求項7に記載の鍛造方法。
- 前記加工工程では、加工率が6%以上55%未満の範囲で前記ワークを変形させる、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の鍛造方法。
- 前記加工工程では、加工率が18%以上33%未満の範囲で前記ワークを変形させる、請求項1~6及び8のいずれか1項に記載の鍛造方法。
- 前記ワークは、Be及びCuを含む合金である、請求項1~6,8及び10のいずれか1項に記載の鍛造方法。
- 前記加工工程では、前記第1形状のワークと前記第2形状のワークとがX,Y,Z軸の長さは異なるが該第1形状と第2形状とが同じ形状になる変形を前記ワークに行う、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の鍛造方法。
- 矩形状の6面体である第1形状のワークから矩形状の6面体である第2形状のワークに変形させることにより該ワークに塑性歪みを加える鍛造方法に用いられる鍛造用金型であって、
円形の開口部を有し該円の内周面が形成された外型と、
組み合わされた複数の型部品が前記外型の内周に嵌め込まれた状態で、矩形の開口部を有し矩形状の平面である壁部により、前記ワークを入れるワーク空間が形成される内型と、
を備えた鍛造用金型。 - 前記内型は、前記ワーク空間の2面で形成される角部で各々が分離される前記複数の型部品により形成されている、請求項13に記載の鍛造用金型。
- 請求項13又は14に記載の鍛造用金型であって、
前記ワーク空間の底面を形成するスライド可能な台座部、を備え、
前記台座部をスライドさせると前記ワーク空間から外部に連通する空間が形成される、鍛造用金型。 - 請求項13~15のいずれか1項に記載の鍛造用金型であって、
前記ワーク空間の底面を形成する基部、を備え、
前記基部には、冷却媒体が流通する流通経路が形成されている、鍛造用金型。 - 請求項13~16のいずれか1項に記載の鍛造用金型であって、
前記ワーク空間の底面を形成する基部と、
前記基部部に形成され前記ワーク空間に挟まった前記ワークの底面を押圧し該ワークを浮上させる浮上機構と、
を備えた鍛造用金型。
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