WO2013145636A1 - Appareil de mesure de puissance - Google Patents

Appareil de mesure de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013145636A1
WO2013145636A1 PCT/JP2013/001860 JP2013001860W WO2013145636A1 WO 2013145636 A1 WO2013145636 A1 WO 2013145636A1 JP 2013001860 W JP2013001860 W JP 2013001860W WO 2013145636 A1 WO2013145636 A1 WO 2013145636A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
voltage
selection switch
magnetic film
phase
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Application number
PCT/JP2013/001860
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
浩章 辻本
Original Assignee
公立大学法人大阪市立大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 公立大学法人大阪市立大学 filed Critical 公立大学法人大阪市立大学
Priority to US14/388,419 priority Critical patent/US9689905B2/en
Priority to EP13769691.0A priority patent/EP2833156B1/fr
Priority to CN201380027150.5A priority patent/CN104380122B/zh
Publication of WO2013145636A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013145636A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/08—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using galvanomagnetic-effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
    • G01R33/07—Hall effect devices
    • G01R33/072—Constructional adaptation of the sensor to specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
    • G01R1/203—Resistors used for electric measuring, e.g. decade resistors standards, resistors for comparators, series resistors, shunts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/142—Arrangements for simultaneous measurements of several parameters employing techniques covered by groups G01R15/14 - G01R15/26
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/205—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices using magneto-resistance devices, e.g. field plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2221/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof covered by H01L21/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring electric power, and more particularly to an electric power measuring apparatus using the magnetoresistive effect of a magnetic film.
  • the power consumption in induction motors varies greatly depending on the input voltage, input current, frequency, and load size.
  • current, voltage, and current-voltage phase difference ( ⁇ ) are individually measured, and then voltage ⁇ current ⁇ power factor (cos ⁇ ) is calculated.
  • CT Current Transformer
  • shunt resistance method In order to measure power consumption, a method using CT (Current Transformer) or a shunt resistor is often used as a means for measuring current.
  • CT Current Transformer
  • shunt resistance method has a limited installation space, consumes wasted energy, and an accompanying heat generation problem remains.
  • Patent Document 1 active power, reactive power, phase and power factor are measured using two Hall effect elements.
  • Patent Document 2 the power of the load is accurately measured in consideration of the influence of the self-magnetic field error term caused by the generated control current during measurement by the Hall effect element.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 use Hall elements, they can be made smaller than methods using CT or shunt resistance. However, the use of a plurality of elements to measure power consumption at one location is a root cause that cannot be reduced in size. In addition, it is not easy to prepare the circuit of Patent Document 2 for measurement of a narrow spot.
  • the Hall element must be installed so that the magnetic field from the vertical direction is applied to the planar element. This causes a problem that the plane on which the element is formed cannot be attached to the conductor when picking up the magnetic field from the conductor. This is because if the plane on which the element is formed is affixed to the conducting wire, the magnetic field from the conducting wire is applied only in the element plane, making it difficult to obtain the Hall effect.
  • the present invention has been conceived in view of the above-described problems, and is a power measuring device that utilizes the magnetoresistive effect of a magnetic film. More specifically, the power measuring device of the present invention is: A power measuring device that measures power consumed in a load connected to a power supply via a connection line, A pair of connecting ends for connecting the power supply in parallel with the load; A magnetic film portion including a magnetic film; A pair of sensor terminals provided at both ends of the magnetic film portion; One end of the sensor terminal is connected to one of the coupling ends, Bias means for providing an operating point to the magnetic film portion; A sensor element disposed adjacent to the connection line via an insulating layer so that the longitudinal direction of the magnetic film portion is substantially parallel to the direction in which the current of the connection line flows; N band-pass filters connected in parallel to the other end of the sensor terminal of the sensor element; A phase adjuster connected in series to each of the bandpass filters; A selection switch for selectively connecting the phase adjuster; A measuring resistor having one end connected to the selection switch and the other
  • the power measurement device is effective in the details of induction motors by taking advantage of magnetic thin film power sensors such as non-contact (principle), easy installation (ultra-small and thin), and energy saving (low energy consumption during measurement). Not only power but also reactive power and power factor can be measured with one sensor. Therefore, the power consumption status can be visualized, and by applying to an induction motor, energy-saving drive control according to the driving status and load status is possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the power measuring apparatus of the present invention.
  • the power measuring device 1 of the present invention includes a connecting end 12, a sensor element 10, a voltage detecting unit 14, a selection switch 16, a measuring resistor 18, n band-pass filters Bn, and n phase adjusters. Contains Pn. Moreover, you may have the control apparatus 20.
  • FIG. Moreover, the power measuring device 1 of the present invention measures the power consumed by the load 9 (the resistance value is R1) connected to the power source 7.
  • the power supply 7 and the load 9 are connected by a connection line 8 (resistance value is Rcu).
  • the connecting end 12 is a terminal for connecting the power measuring apparatus 1 in parallel with the load 9 to the power supply 7 of the circuit to be measured. Accordingly, there is a pair of the connecting ends 12 and they are called connecting ends 12a and 12b when distinguished from each other.
  • the sensor element 10 is an element using the magnetoresistive effect of the magnetic film.
  • a pair of sensor terminals 10 t are formed at both ends of the thin film-like magnetic film portion 11.
  • the resistance value of the magnetic film part 11 is Rmr.
  • the sensor terminal 10t is also a measurement terminal 13. Therefore, there are also a pair of measurement terminals 13, which are called measurement terminals 13a or 13b, respectively.
  • the sensor element 10 is provided with bias means 11b.
  • the bias unit 11b is a permanent magnet that applies a bias magnetic field to give an operating point to the magnetic film unit 11, for example.
  • An electromagnet may be used. Further, depending on the structure of the magnetic film part 11, it can be said that the bias means 11b is provided even when the operating point is provided from the beginning without applying a bias magnetic field from the magnet.
  • the sensor element 10 is arranged on the connection line 8 flowing through the load 9 via the insulating layer 21.
  • the specific installation position may be in the vicinity of the load 9, in the vicinity of the power supply 7, or in the middle of the connection line 8. This is because the sensor element 10 operates by detecting a magnetic field caused by a current in the connection line 8. Therefore, it is desirable that the insulating layer 21 is thin.
  • the insulating layer 21 means that the magnetic film part 11 does not directly contact the connection line 8. Therefore, the insulating layer 21 may be a coating of the connection line 8.
  • the voltage detection unit 14 is a voltmeter that measures the voltage between the measurement terminals 13a and 13b.
  • the voltage detector 14 may display the voltage between the measurement terminals 13 or may output the measured voltage value as the signal Sv.
  • n band-pass filters Bn are connected to the other sensor terminal 10tb of the sensor element 10.
  • n is an integer of 1 or more.
  • the band-pass filter Bn is distinguished by reference signs B1, B2,..., Bn, respectively, but the whole band-pass filter is indicated by reference sign Bn.
  • Each of the band pass filters Bn is set in advance so as to flow a current in a predetermined band. Of course, the predetermined band may be changed from the outside.
  • the band pass filters Bn are arranged in parallel and connected to the other sensor terminal 10tb.
  • phase adjuster Pn is connected in series with each band pass filter Bn at the subsequent stage of the band pass filter Bn.
  • phase adjusters Pn are prepared, and are referred to as phase adjusters P1, P2 and the like when distinguished from each other, but are referred to as phase adjusters Pn when collectively referred to.
  • the phase adjuster Pn uses the reactance effect to change the phase of the current flowing from the bandpass filter Bn.
  • the degree of change is controlled by an external signal Cpn.
  • the signal Cpn represents a control signal for the nth phase adjuster Pn. Therefore, for example, the control signal sent to the second phase adjuster P2 is referred to as a signal Cp2.
  • the phase adjuster Pn may be configured with a digital filter. Further, the phase adjuster Pn may be adjusted manually.
  • phase adjusters Pn are connected to one selection switch 16.
  • the selection switch 16 is a switch having n connection terminals and one output terminal.
  • One of the n connected phase adjusters Pn is brought into conduction with the output terminal. That is, a current flows only through the path of one band pass filter Bn selected by the selection switch 16 and the phase adjuster Pn.
  • a measuring resistor 18 is connected in series to the output terminal of the selection switch 16.
  • the resistance value of the measuring resistor 18 is R2.
  • the resistance value R2 of the measurement resistor 18 needs to be sufficiently large with respect to Rmr, which is the resistance value of the magnetic film unit 11. This is because, as will be described later, when R2 is sufficiently larger than Rmr, the current I2 flowing through the magnetic film portion 11 can be regarded as being determined only by the voltage (V) of the power source 7 and the resistance value R2 of the measuring resistor 18.
  • the other end of the measuring resistor 18 is connected to the other connecting end 12b.
  • the control device 20 may be a computer configured by a memory and an MPU (Micro Processor Unit).
  • the control device 20 is connected to at least the voltage detector 14, the n phase adjusters Pn, and the selection switch 16, and controls them.
  • FIG. 2A is a simplified version of FIG. 1 for explaining the measurement principle.
  • the band pass filter Bn and the phase adjuster Pn are omitted.
  • the voltage of the power source 7 was Vin.
  • a current I1 is supplied to the load 9 (resistance value R1) via the connection line 8 (resistance value Rcu)
  • a magnetic field H is generated around the connection line 8.
  • a current I2 generated by the power source 7 and the measuring resistor 18 flows on the power measuring device 1 side connected to the power source 7 in parallel with the load 9.
  • the magnetic film part 11 through which the current I2 flows in the magnetic field H generated around the connection line 8 is arranged so that the direction of the current I2 is substantially parallel to the current I1 of the connection line 8.
  • a magnetic field H from the connection line 8 acts on the magnetic film portion 11 in a direction perpendicular to the current I2. Then, the magnetization M of the magnetic film part 11 is rotated by the magnetic field H. At the same time, the resistance value Rmr of the magnetic film portion 11 changes due to the magnetoresistance effect.
  • FIG. 2B shows the relationship between the magnetic field H applied to the magnetic film unit 11 and the resistance value Rmr of the magnetic film unit 11.
  • the horizontal axis represents the strength of the applied magnetic field H
  • the vertical axis represents the resistance value Rmr of the magnetic film unit 11.
  • a bias magnetic field Hbias to the magnetic film part 11 by the bias means 11b, a resistance value Rmr proportional to the current I1 flowing through the connection line 8 can be obtained.
  • the point where the bias magnetic field Hbias is applied is the operating point Rm0.
  • the resistance value at the operating point is Rm0
  • the proportionality constants are ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • the voltage of the power supply 7 to the load 9 is Vin, and its amplitude is V1.
  • the voltage Vmr of the magnetic film unit 11 is obtained so as to be proportional to the product of V1 (power supply amplitude), R1 (load resistance value), and cos ⁇ (power factor) as shown in the following equation (2).
  • the voltage across the magnetic film portion 11 is similarly expressed by the following equation (3).
  • the voltage of the power source 7 is Vin
  • the current flowing through the load 9 is I1
  • the current flowing through the magnetic film portion 11 is I2, as described above.
  • the output voltage Vmr in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic film portion 11 includes an AC voltage and a DC voltage even when the voltage and current include a high frequency. Appears superimposed.
  • the DC voltage component of the output voltage Vmr which is the voltage across the magnetic film unit 11, is a DC voltage obtained by summing the DC voltage proportional to the power consumption by the fundamental wave and the DC voltage proportional to the power consumption by the harmonic. is there.
  • the power measuring apparatus 1 even when the power source includes a harmonic component, if only the DC voltage in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic film unit 11 is measured, the power consumption at the load 9 (resistance value R1). (The active power including the power factor) can be measured.
  • FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the power measuring apparatus when the power source 7 has harmonics.
  • the band pass filter Bn is arranged together with the selection switch 16.
  • the band pass filter Bn is set so as to pass each of the frequency components.
  • the output voltage Vmr of the magnetic film unit 11 is proportional to the active power of the selected frequency at the load 9. That is, the power consumption at the selected frequency can be obtained.
  • the power consumption at the load 9 can be measured.
  • the band pass filter B1 is selected by the selection switch 16.
  • the bandpass filter B1 is a filter that passes the frequency of the fundamental wave. If the phase adjustment amount in the phase adjuster P1 is zero, the fundamental wave of the power source 7 is a voltage proportional to the power consumed by the load 9. Is obtained from the voltage detector 14. That is, effective power at the fundamental wave can be obtained. In the case of other harmonics, the active power can be obtained similarly.
  • the output voltage Vmr of the magnetic film unit 11 is measured while changing the phase adjustment amount.
  • the bandpass filter B1 is selected by the selection switch 16.
  • the phase adjustment amount of the phase adjuster P1 is changed from ⁇ / 2 to ⁇ / 2 at the maximum.
  • the phase adjustment amount for obtaining the maximum output voltage is ⁇ m.
  • cos ⁇ m is equal to the power factor, and the output voltage obtained at this time is proportional to the apparent power (VI).
  • ⁇ ⁇ m
  • ⁇ m is an angle indicating a power factor, that is, a power factor angle.
  • cos ( ⁇ m) 1
  • the voltage of the magnetic film portion 11 is a voltage proportional to (V1 2 / R1), and this represents the apparent power.
  • phase amount is adjusted by the phase adjuster P1
  • the maximum output voltage (proportional to the apparent power) obtained by the magnetic film unit 11 is obtained, and the output voltage when the phase amount is zero with this maximum output voltage (
  • the power factor (cos ⁇ ) can be obtained by dividing (effective power). Since the apparent power and the power factor angle or power factor can be obtained, the reactive power can be obtained immediately by obtaining the apparent power ⁇ sin ⁇ (or sin ⁇ m).
  • control device 20 may measure and integrate these values every predetermined period. By integrating in this way, the power measuring device 1 of the present invention also serves as a watt hour meter. Also, these pieces of information can be output by the signal Srs. Although FIG. 1 shows an example in which these pieces of information are output to the display 25, the output destination may not be the display, but may be another control device.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a variation of the sensor element 10.
  • the power measuring device 1 of the present invention observes the voltage Vmr proportional to the power consumption at the load 9 due to the magnetoresistive effect of the magnetic film unit 11.
  • the magnetic film unit 11 is an even function with respect to a magnetic field applied from the outside, and a resistance value proportional to the applied magnetic field cannot be obtained as it is. Therefore, in FIG. 1, a magnetic field generation source such as a permanent magnet is disposed as the bias means 11b in the vicinity of the magnetic film portion 11, thereby generating a bias magnetic field and obtaining an operating point.
  • a magnetic field generation source such as a magnet.
  • FIG. 4 shows another form of the sensor element 10.
  • a striped conductor 30 is formed on the magnetic film portion 11.
  • the magnetic film unit 11 has the easy magnetization axis EA guided in the longitudinal direction.
  • the conductor 30 is preferably made of a material that is sufficiently lower than the resistance of the magnetic film portion 11.
  • a current I2 flows between the sensor terminals 10ta and 10tb.
  • the current I2 input from the sensor terminal 10ta flows from the striped conductor 30 to the conductor 30, it must flow on the magnetic film portion 11.
  • the magnetic film part 11 Since the magnetic film part 11 has a higher resistance than the conductor 30, the current flows through the shortest distance between the conductors 30. When viewed from the longitudinal direction of the magnetic film part 11, this causes a current to flow in an inclined direction.
  • the easy axis EA of the magnetic film portion 11 is guided in the longitudinal direction of the sensor element 10, the direction of the magnetization M and the current I2 can be inclined.
  • the resistance of the magnetic film part 11 is lowered. That is, in this way, if there is an angle between the direction of current flow and the direction of magnetization in the absence of an externally applied magnetic field in advance, the state is the same as when a bias magnetic field is apparently applied.
  • the direction in which the current flows is different from the direction of the easy magnetization axis EA.
  • the easy magnetization axis EA is previously induced at an angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the magnetic film portion 11. Also good.
  • the sensor element 10 configured as described above may be the sensor element 10 having the bias unit 11b, and such a sensor element 10 may be mounted on the power measuring device 1 illustrated in FIG.
  • the power measuring apparatus 1 of the present invention can determine the apparent power, active power, power factor, and reactive power at the frequency selected by the bandpass filter Bn. This is very effective for measuring the power of a load such as an induction motor whose power factor changes depending on the operating state. For example, in a motor or the like, a control method of controlling the operation so that the power factor becomes maximum in some cases can be considered.
  • the present invention can be widely used as a power measuring device in places where electricity is used, such as in the field of home appliances, automobiles, and industrial equipment.
  • Power measuring device 7 Power supply 8 Connection line (resistance) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 Load 10 Sensor element 10t (10ta, 10tb) Sensor terminal 11 Magnetic film part 11b Biasing means 12 (12a, 12b) Connection end 13 (13a, 13b) Measurement terminal 14 Voltage detection part 16 Selection switch 18 Measurement resistance 21 Insulating layer 25 display

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un appareil de mesure de puissance qui devrait être compact et apte à mesurer, dans un unique élément, les catégories de puissance active, de puissance réactive, de facteur de puissance et de puissance apparente. La présente invention a : une paire d'extrémités de liaison pour liaison à une alimentation électrique en parallèle à une charge; un élément de capteur ayant une paire de bornes de capteur disposées sur les deux extrémités d'une partie de film magnétique, une extrémité de la borne de capteur étant reliée à l'une des extrémités de liaison, l'élément de capteur étant agencé adjacent à un fil de liaison de tel sorte que la direction longitudinale de la partie de film magnétique est sensiblement parallèle à la direction de circulation de courant électrique dans le fil de liaison; des filtres passe-bande n reliés en parallèle à une autre extrémité des bornes de capteur de l'élément de capteur; un régulateur de phase relié en série à chacun des filtres passe-bande; un commutateur de sélection pour relier de manière sélective le régulateur de phase; une résistance de mesure ayant une extrémité reliée au commutateur de sélection et l'autre extrémité reliée à l'autre extrémité de liaison; et une unité de détection de tension, dont les bornes de mesure étant les bornes de capteur respectives, l'unité de détection de tension mesurant la tension entre ces bornes mesurées.
PCT/JP2013/001860 2012-03-27 2013-03-19 Appareil de mesure de puissance WO2013145636A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/388,419 US9689905B2 (en) 2012-03-27 2013-03-19 Power measurement apparatus
EP13769691.0A EP2833156B1 (fr) 2012-03-27 2013-03-19 Appareil de mesure de puissance
CN201380027150.5A CN104380122B (zh) 2012-03-27 2013-03-19 功率测量装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012-072532 2012-03-27
JP2012072532A JP5979413B2 (ja) 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 電力計測装置

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WO2013145636A1 true WO2013145636A1 (fr) 2013-10-03

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EP (1) EP2833156B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5979413B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN104380122B (fr)
WO (1) WO2013145636A1 (fr)

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US20150115951A1 (en) 2015-04-30
CN104380122A (zh) 2015-02-25
EP2833156A1 (fr) 2015-02-04
CN104380122B (zh) 2017-12-22
EP2833156B1 (fr) 2022-04-13
EP2833156A4 (fr) 2016-03-23
JP5979413B2 (ja) 2016-08-24
JP2013205120A (ja) 2013-10-07

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