WO2013144526A1 - Alimentation d'un vitrage electrocommandable a cristaux liquides, procédé d'alimentation d'un tel vitrage - Google Patents
Alimentation d'un vitrage electrocommandable a cristaux liquides, procédé d'alimentation d'un tel vitrage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013144526A1 WO2013144526A1 PCT/FR2013/050703 FR2013050703W WO2013144526A1 WO 2013144526 A1 WO2013144526 A1 WO 2013144526A1 FR 2013050703 W FR2013050703 W FR 2013050703W WO 2013144526 A1 WO2013144526 A1 WO 2013144526A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glazing
- voltage
- vitr
- amplitude
- power supply
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13756—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal selectively assuming a light-scattering state
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of electrically controllable glazing with variable light diffusion, and more particularly that of liquid crystal glazings.
- the present invention relates to an electrically controllable glazing and its power supply, said glazing being capable of passing from a diffusing state to a transparent state under the application, by the supply, of an alternating electric voltage.
- a liquid crystal glazing conventionally comprises a layer of liquid crystals disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode connected to a power supply.
- the liquid crystal layer is composed of pure liquid crystals and a polymer.
- the degree of transparency through the glazing is measured by the level of blur ("haze" in English).
- Figure 1 shows the relationship between the level of blur and the amplitude V 0 .
- the nominal amplitude V n0 m depends on the intrinsic characteristics of the glazing, and in particular of the liquid crystal layer.
- the object of the invention proposes a solution to avoid a sudden passage of electrocontrollable liquid crystal glazing from a diffusing state to a transparent state, and / or vice versa.
- the invention also applies to the case in which an electrode is reflective or semi-reflective, or to the case in which an element reflective or semi-reflective is reported on the substrate, and therefore also provides a solution to avoid a sudden change in liquid crystal glazing from a diffusing state to a reflective or semi-reflective state, and / or vice versa.
- the invention also applies to the case in which the liquid crystal layer is colored, and thus also proposes a solution to avoid a sudden change from a liquid crystal glazing state to a colored state, and Or vice versa.
- the invention essentially relates to an electrically controllable liquid crystal glazing comprising a substrate (transparent or possibly colored, made of glass or polymer) carrying a liquid crystal element disposed between a first (transparent) electrode and a second electrode. connected to a power supply, the liquid crystal element being able to pass:
- the glazing in a transparent and / or colored state, in which the glazing is subjected to a sinusoidal alternating voltage of so-called operating amplitude, the power supply being adapted to apply to the glazing a starting voltage whose amplitude increases progressively from zero up to the operating amplitude during a start-up period of at least 0.1 seconds (or even at least 0.5 seconds or a second, and preferably less than a minute or even 30 seconds), starting after activation of the power supply,
- a stopping voltage whose amplitude gradually decreases from the operating amplitude to zero, during a stopping time of at least 0.1 second (or even at least 0.5 second a second, and preferably less than a minute or even 30 seconds), starting after stopping the power supply.
- the electrically controllable liquid crystal glazing is subjected to a voltage whose amplitude increases gradually and / or decreases gradually.
- the level of blur decreases or increases gradually with the amplitude, which is visually more pleasant for the user, who can follow the transition with the naked eye.
- the duration of start or stop is chosen to adapt to the sensitivity of the eye.
- the starting voltage starting at 0V it also avoids a large peak current at power start, which could damage the glazing.
- the glazing according to the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or according to the technically possible combinations:
- the amplitude of the starting voltage increases linearly and / or the amplitude of the stop voltage decreases linearly.
- a linear increase is indeed considered visually pleasing for the user, and is relatively simple to implement.
- the progressive increase is advantageously constant (continuous), rather than staircase, and does not include returns to lower values already reached during the startup period, or stabilization steps.
- the start voltage is pseudo-sinusoidal, and / or the stop voltage is pseudo-sinusoidal.
- ⁇ the starting voltage and the sinusoidal alternating voltage have substantially identical frequencies, and / or the stop voltage and the sinusoidal alternating voltage have substantially identical frequencies.
- ⁇ the frequency f 0 of the sinusoidal alternating operating voltage is between 40 Hz and 5 kHz.
- ⁇ the frequency of the starting voltage, when the latter is pseudo-sinusoidal, is between 40 Hz and 5 kHz, and / or frequency of the stop voltage, when the latter is pseudo-sinusoidal, is between 40Hz and 5 kHz.
- the starting voltage is polynomial or linear
- / or the stopping voltage is polynomial or linear
- blurring of the electrically controllable glazing is less than 1 0%, and preferably less than or equal to 5%.
- the luminous transmittance (TL) of the glazing is at least 70% or even 80% or 90%, and in the presence of reflective member, the light reflection (RL) is to at least 50% or even 70%.
- ⁇ the amplitude of operation is less than or equal to 200 volts, and typically is from a few tens of volts to 200 volts.
- ⁇ Power includes start time setting means.
- the invention relates to a method for powering an electrically controllable glazing unit as described above, comprising the following successive steps:
- a glaze application step of a stop voltage whose amplitude decreases gradually from the operating amplitude to zero during a stopping time of at least 0.1 seconds.
- the invention relates to a device for supplying an electrically controllable glazing according to the invention, comprising a switch connected to a regulating automaton adapted to progressively increase, via an on-board software, the amplitude of the starting voltage from zero to the operating amplitude, during a start-up period starting after the activation of the switch .
- FIG. 2 a timing diagram representing the voltage delivered by a power supply to an electrically controllable glazing according to a first embodiment of the invention, at the start of said power supply;
- FIG. 4 a timing diagram representing the voltage delivered by a power supply to an electrically controllable glazing according to a second embodiment of the invention, at the start of said power supply;
- FIG. 5 a timing diagram representing the amplitude of the voltage delivered by a power supply to an electrically controllable glazing according to the first or second embodiment of the invention
- the invention relates to an ALIM power supply for electrically controllable liquid crystal VITR glazing.
- V (t) is the voltage delivered by the power supply ALIM to the glazing VITR.
- the VITR glazing comprises a layer of liquid crystals disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are transparent and on transparent substrates (typically polymers or glasses) possibly tinted, the VITR glazing is thus able to pass from a diffusing state to a transparent state (or quasi transparent) under the effect of the voltage V (t).
- the VITR glazing is:
- V 0 is the amplitude of the sinusoidal alternating voltage V n0 m (t), said amplitude V 0 being called operating amplitude in the following description.
- V 0 conventionally ranges from a few tens of volts to 200V.
- V 0 is directly related to the vagueness of the VITR glazing, as previously explained.
- V 0 is therefore advantageously chosen so that at this amplitude the blur is less than 10%, and preferably less than or equal to 5%.
- f 0 is the frequency of the sinusoidal alternating voltage V n0 m (t).
- f 0 is conventionally 50 or 60 Hz.
- the first electrode is not transparent but reflective or semi-reflective.
- the VITR glazing is then capable of passing from a diffusing state to a reflective or semi-reflective state, and vice versa.
- the liquid crystal layer is colored, for example by adding dichroic dye as is conventionally done.
- the substrate or substrates may be coated, on the main face opposite the face of the liquid crystal layer, of various functional elements: antireflection layer, protective layer, etc.
- the substrate or substrates can be laminated with counter-glasses via lamination interleaves.
- the power supply ALIM is able to provide a transition voltage (s) V e (t), V s (t), avoiding the glazing VITR d to be subjected suddenly to a zero voltage at the sinusoidal alternating voltage V n0 m (t), and / or inversely to the sinusoidal alternating voltage V n0 m (t) at a zero voltage.
- the ALIM power supply is thus able to provide:
- the starting voltage V e (t) is a pseudo-sinusoid at the frequency f 0 of the sinusoidal alternating voltage V n0 m (t). Then, at the end of the start time T on , the power supply ALIM then delivers the sinusoidal alternating voltage V n0 m (t).
- the stop voltage V s (t) is a pseudo-sinusoid at the frequency f 0 of the sinusoidal alternating voltage V n0 m (t).
- FIGS. 2 and 3 The voltage V (t) delivered by the power supply according to one embodiment of the invention is represented in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- FIG. of the power supply ALIM that is to say the case in which the glazing VITR is initially in diffusing state and one wishes that it passes in transparent state
- FIG. 3 concerns the stopping of the ALIM power supply, that is to say when it is desired that the VITR glazing returns from the transparent state to the diffusing state.
- V (t) 0.
- V (t) V e (t).
- V (t) V n0 m (t).
- V (t) V s (t).
- V (t) 0.
- the starting voltage V e (t) and the stopping voltage V s (t) are pseudo-sinusoidal;
- the starting voltage V e (t), the stopping voltage V s (t), and the sinusoidal alternating voltage V n0 m (t) have substantially identical frequencies.
- the starting voltage V e (t) is linear.
- the visual effect of progressive transparency is identical to the mode embodiment described in Figure 2, and this embodiment has the further advantage of being particularly simple implementation.
- the starting voltage V e (t) is bell-shaped or parabolic.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the variation of the amplitude AMP of the voltage V (t) as a function of time, when the power supply ALIM comprises the function "smooth start” and the function “smooth stop”, that is to say when it is able to deliver a starting voltage V e (t) and a stop voltage V s (t) of progressive amplitude.
- the amplitude of the voltage V (t) increases linearly until the operating amplitude V 0 is reached.
- time t t a + T on .
- FIG. 6 represents a block diagram of the power supply ALIM, able to supply the starting voltage V e (t) and the stopping voltage V s (t).
- a power supply ALIM is known to those skilled in the art, an embodiment is recalled below.
- This power supply ALIM has a function called “smooth start” / “smooth stop” which allows to control the start and stop of the glazing VITR by a progressive increase and a gradual decrease in the amplitude of the voltage delivered to the glazing. This results in a smoothly controlled transition between the diffusing state and the transparent state, giving a better visual sensation with respect to a sudden state change.
- the ALIM power supply is connected to a SECT mains, generally the sector whose frequency is 50 or 60 Hz, and comprises the following elements:
- a switch INT input of the power supply ALIM, which connects the power supply to the SECT mains power and thus to operate the power supply;
- a FILT1 mains filter which is a normative obligation and which makes it possible to ensure that the power supply ALIM does not generate a disturbance on the domestic electrical network SECT;
- a voltage step-down switch AB and a regulation controller REGU which form a switch-mode power supply.
- the combined action of the voltage step-down switch AB and the regulation controller REGU makes it possible to obtain a DC voltage at a specific value;
- a chopper HACH which makes it possible to transform said continuous signal thus generated into sinusoidal voltage
- the REGU controller is designed to gradually increase the output voltage from 0V to its nominal value, in a time set in an embedded software: the start time T on .
- the stopping time T 0 ft is determined by the components of the FILT2 output filter and the energy stored in the VITR glazing.
- the VITR liquid crystal glazing plays an active role, in oscillation with components of the FILT2 output filter.
- the components of the power supply are chosen so that the stopping time T 0 ft is advantageously at least half a second or even at least one second, for a pleasant visual effect.
- this power supply also makes it possible to guarantee the performance of the liquid crystal VITR glazing by limiting the damage related to the strong electric current at start-up and shutdown. The life of the VITR glazing is thus lengthened.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX2014011708A MX348589B (es) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | Fuente de alimentacion de un acristalamiento de cristal liquido electricamente controlable, y metodo para alimentar tal acristalamiento. |
US14/387,778 US20150049270A1 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | Power supply of an electrically controllable liquid crystal glazing, and method for powering such a glazing |
PL13719954T PL2831669T3 (pl) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | Zasilanie sterowanego elektrycznie oszklenia z ciekłymi kryształami, sposób zasilania takiego oszklenia |
JP2015502412A JP6483606B2 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | 電気的に制御可能な液晶グレージングの電力供給源、及びかかるグレージングに給電する方法 |
CN201380018319.0A CN104380181A (zh) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | 电可操控液晶装配玻璃的供电装置、此类装配玻璃的供电方法 |
EP13719954.3A EP2831669B1 (fr) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | Alimentation d'un vitrage electrocommandable a cristaux liquides, procédé d'alimentation d'un tel vitrage |
CA2868220A CA2868220C (fr) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | Alimentation d'un vitrage electrocommandable a cristaux liquides, procede d'alimentation d'un tel vitrage |
KR1020147030350A KR20150035516A (ko) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | 전기적으로 제어가능한 액정 창유리의 전력 공급기 및 이러한 창유리에 전력을 공급하기 위한 방법 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1252943A FR2988865B1 (fr) | 2012-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | Alimentation d'un vitrage electrocommandable a cristaux liquides, procede d'alimentation d'un tel vitrage |
FR1252943 | 2012-03-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013144526A1 true WO2013144526A1 (fr) | 2013-10-03 |
Family
ID=48237104
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2013/050703 WO2013144526A1 (fr) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-29 | Alimentation d'un vitrage electrocommandable a cristaux liquides, procédé d'alimentation d'un tel vitrage |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150049270A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2831669B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6483606B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20150035516A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN104380181A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2868220C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2988865B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX348589B (fr) |
PL (1) | PL2831669T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013144526A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6135793B1 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-05-31 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光システム、調光装置、調光フィルム、調光フィルムの駆動方法 |
FR3050838B1 (fr) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-06-07 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Panneau de porte ou de fenetre comportant un vitrage a diffusion lumineuse variable. |
MX2019012394A (es) | 2017-04-20 | 2020-01-23 | Cardinal Ig Co | Estructuras de acristalamiento de privacidad de alto rendimiento. |
CA3069532A1 (fr) | 2017-07-13 | 2019-01-17 | Cardinal Ig Company | Configurations de connexion electrique de structures de vitrage opaque |
CA3081612A1 (fr) | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Cardinal Ig Company | Systeme de vitrage opaque a conducteur electrique distinct |
US11243421B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2022-02-08 | Cardinal Ig Company | Electrically controllable privacy glazing with energy recapturing driver |
US10968684B2 (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2021-04-06 | Cardinal Ig Company | Privacy glazing structure with asymetrical pane offsets for electrical connection configurations |
US11474385B1 (en) | 2018-12-02 | 2022-10-18 | Cardinal Ig Company | Electrically controllable privacy glazing with ultralow power consumption comprising a liquid crystal material having a light transmittance that varies in response to application of an electric field |
WO2020163836A1 (fr) | 2019-02-08 | 2020-08-13 | Cardinal Ig Company | Dispositif d'excitation à faible puissance pour les vitrages d'intimité |
CA3138535A1 (fr) | 2019-04-29 | 2020-11-05 | Cardinal Ig Company | Detection et commande de courant de fuite pour une ou plusieurs structures de vitrage de confidentialite pouvant etre commandees electriquement |
MX2021013259A (es) | 2019-04-29 | 2022-01-06 | Cardinal Ig Co | Sistemas y metodos para operar una o mas estructuras de acristalamiento con privacia electricamente controlable. |
KR20220013370A (ko) | 2019-04-29 | 2022-02-04 | 카디날 아이지 컴퍼니 | 전기적으로 제어 가능한 다수의 사생활 보호 유리 구조에 대한 시차 운전 전기 제어 |
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2012
- 2012-03-30 FR FR1252943A patent/FR2988865B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-03-29 JP JP2015502412A patent/JP6483606B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-29 CA CA2868220A patent/CA2868220C/fr active Active
- 2013-03-29 WO PCT/FR2013/050703 patent/WO2013144526A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-03-29 KR KR1020147030350A patent/KR20150035516A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2013-03-29 CN CN201380018319.0A patent/CN104380181A/zh active Pending
- 2013-03-29 US US14/387,778 patent/US20150049270A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-03-29 EP EP13719954.3A patent/EP2831669B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-03-29 PL PL13719954T patent/PL2831669T3/pl unknown
- 2013-03-29 MX MX2014011708A patent/MX348589B/es active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4328726A1 (de) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-02 | Deutsche Aerospace Airbus | Anordnung zur Regelung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit eines Fensters |
US5712692A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1998-01-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Pilot | Driving power unit for driving liquid crystal display element and liquid crystal light-modulating device |
EP0777143A2 (fr) * | 1995-12-01 | 1997-06-04 | DaimlerChrysler Aerospace Airbus Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Agencement de circuit pour la génération d'une tension alternative pour un vitre avec transmissivité variable |
EP0802445A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-19 | 1997-10-22 | Sniaricerche S.C.P.A. | Dispositif PDLC à couches minces avec sélection de la tension de commande pour réduire le trouble lors d'observation oblique |
WO2006005968A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-01-19 | House-Building Society #887 'paupio Murai' | Procede et dispositif permettant de reguler et de controler la transparence et la translucidite d'un vitrage ou d'une toile ciree |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6483606B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
MX348589B (es) | 2017-06-20 |
PL2831669T3 (pl) | 2018-02-28 |
FR2988865B1 (fr) | 2014-04-25 |
FR2988865A1 (fr) | 2013-10-04 |
CA2868220A1 (fr) | 2013-10-03 |
US20150049270A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
EP2831669B1 (fr) | 2017-08-30 |
MX2014011708A (es) | 2015-05-07 |
CA2868220C (fr) | 2020-06-09 |
EP2831669A1 (fr) | 2015-02-04 |
KR20150035516A (ko) | 2015-04-06 |
JP2015515020A (ja) | 2015-05-21 |
CN104380181A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
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