WO2013140742A1 - 水域の底質からのメタン含有ガスの発生抑制方法 - Google Patents
水域の底質からのメタン含有ガスの発生抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013140742A1 WO2013140742A1 PCT/JP2013/001555 JP2013001555W WO2013140742A1 WO 2013140742 A1 WO2013140742 A1 WO 2013140742A1 JP 2013001555 W JP2013001555 W JP 2013001555W WO 2013140742 A1 WO2013140742 A1 WO 2013140742A1
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- modifier
- sediment
- methane
- containing gas
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 80
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 60
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CUPCBVUMRUSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].OOO Chemical compound [Fe].OOO CUPCBVUMRUSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021519 iron(III) oxide-hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FLTRNWIFKITPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe] FLTRNWIFKITPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
Definitions
- the present invention is intended to improve the bottom sediment in a closed sea area (for example, an inner bay area), a water area into which domestic wastewater flows, a lake, a marsh area, an aquaculture area, etc. where methane-containing gas is likely to be generated.
- the present invention relates to a method for suppressing the generation of methane-containing gas from sediment by physical and chemical action by laying materials.
- methane gas is generated when the decomposition of is progressed anaerobically.
- the generation of methane gas in such sediments is considered not only to adversely affect the biological environment of the bottom, but also to global warming by being released into the atmosphere.
- Methane gas is said to be a global warming gas, and the effect on global warming is said to be about 20 times that of carbon dioxide in the same number of moles. Therefore, suppressing the generation of methane gas is considered important from the viewpoint of suppressing global warming. Nevertheless, there is a feeling that the problem of methane gas generation from sea areas and rivers has been overlooked.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an aerobic sand-covering layer in which pore water becomes pH 8 or more is formed by covering the bottom of the bottom with accumulated mud with blast furnace granulated slag.
- a method of forming a lower sand-covering layer made of a mixture of ground granulated blast furnace slag and steelmaking slag and causing consolidation due to alkali stimulation of the steelmaking slag is disclosed in the lower layer.
- Patent Document 1 aims at two actions of suppressing the generation of methane gas: reducing the activity of methanogens by alkali content and physically capping the sand-covering layer by alkali stimulation. It is a thing. However, according to the study by the present inventors, it has been found that the effect of suppressing the generation of methane gas by these actions is limited, and the generation of methane gas is not sufficiently suppressed.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, such as closed water areas, rivers and lake water areas into which domestic wastewater flows, and aquaculture water areas where water containing methane-containing gas is likely to be generated.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method capable of stably suppressing the generation of methane-containing gas from the sediment over a long period of time by laying a sediment modifier on the sediment.
- Patent Document 1 has a limited effect on suppressing the generation of methane gas, and it is not always clear why the generation of methane gas is not sufficiently suppressed.
- the improvement of the redox potential of the lower sand-covering layer was not observed, and it is considered as follows.
- the blast furnace granulated slag is solidified in response to alkali stimulation by the steelmaking slag, and the sulfur content contained in the blast furnace granulated slag (the sulfur content is about 0.6 mass% in the blast furnace granulated slag) Contained in the slag pore water as sulfides.
- Patent Document 1 also mentions the effect of suppressing the generation of methane gas by keeping the upper sand-covering layer aerobic by high water permeability. However, as a result of the study by the present inventors, a special effect is not seen. I could't.
- the part in contact with the methane gas generator is limited to the lower sand-capping layer (consolidated layer), and the lower sand-capping layer becomes anaerobic for the above reasons, so the upper sand-capping layer activates the methane-producing bacteria. This is thought to be because it was not able to participate in the suppression of the disease.
- the present inventors have used steelmaking slag having a total iron content of a predetermined level or more as a bottom material modifier, and blast furnace granulated slag It has been found that the generation of methane-containing gas from the sediment can be stably suppressed over a long period of time by suppressing the amount used.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of the above-described findings and has the following gist.
- a method of suppressing the generation of methane-containing gas by laying a bottom modifier on the bottom of the water area where methane-containing gas is generated is characterized in that a bottom material modifier containing steelmaking slag having a total iron content of 10 mass% or more and having a blast furnace granulated slag content of 0 to less than 20 mass% is laid on the bottom of the water area.
- a bottom material modifier containing steelmaking slag having a total iron content of 10 mass% or more and having a blast furnace granulated slag content of 0 to less than 20 mass% is laid on the bottom of the water area.
- the bottom modifier is laid so that the average thickness of the laying layer is 40 mm or more in the method of [1] above .
- the bottom material modifier is introduced into the water in two or more times and laid, and at least one continuous two times introduction, the first bottom material modification is introduced.
- the bottom material modifier is divided into two or more times and laid and put into water.
- a method for suppressing the generation of methane-containing gas from the bottom sediment of water bodies characterized by providing an interval of 1 hour or more in between.
- any one of the above methods [1] to [7] after the steelmaking slag crushes the steelmaking slag produced as a by-product in the molten iron refining process, natural aging, steam aging, high-pressure steam aging for one month or more
- a closed sea area for example, an inner bay area
- a river or a lake water area into which domestic wastewater flows a lake water area, an aquaculture water area, etc.
- generation of methane-containing gas from the bottom sediment can be stably suppressed over a long period of time.
- Figure 1 shows a steelmaking slag laying sample in which artificial steel seawater is injected after laying steelmaking slag in bottom mud collected from the bottom sediment of methane gas, and artificial seawater without laying steelmaking slag in the same bottom mud. It is a graph which shows the result of having prepared the injected control sample, having continuously collected bottom sediment pore water and bottom sediment water from both samples, and measuring their redox potential.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a test method for obtaining the results shown in FIG.
- the present invention provides a bottom sediment containing steelmaking slag in a water area where methane-containing gas is likely to be generated from the bottom sediment, such as a closed sea area such as an inner bay, a river or lake water area into which domestic wastewater flows, and aquaculture water area.
- a closed sea area such as an inner bay
- a river or lake water area into which domestic wastewater flows
- aquaculture water area such as a closed sea area
- the bottom sediment is generally the surface layer of the bottom of the sea, rivers, lakes and other waters, and this surface layer is mainly sand mud carried by the river flow from the upstream side of the river, It is formed by depositing organic matter such as biological remains and sediments such as insoluble salts.
- methane-containing gas is particularly useful for the bottom sediments of closed sea areas such as inner bays, rivers and lake water areas into which domestic wastewater flows, and aquaculture areas (for example, water areas where aquaculture traps are installed). Therefore, the present invention is a method suitable for such a water area.
- the methane-containing gas generated from the sediment includes a case of a simple methane gas, but usually a gas component such as carbon dioxide is included in addition to the methane gas.
- a bottom modifier having a steelmaking slag having a total iron content of 10 mass% or more and a blast furnace granulated slag content of 0 to less than 20 mass% is laid on the bottom sediment of the water area.
- the bottom sediment of the water area to which the present invention is applied is a bottom sediment having a water content of 200 mass% or more. The reason is that such a bottom sediment is the most common bottom sediment that needs to be reformed, and at the same time, as will be described later, a certain amount of bottom sediment modifier containing a predetermined steelmaking slag sinks into the bottom mud. This is because the contact area between the two in the mixed region of the bottom sediment modifier and the bottom mud increases the bottom sediment effectively.
- Steelmaking slag is oxidation refining slag produced as a by-product in the process of refining molten iron, and slag having different components is generated depending on the process.
- hot metal pretreatment slag examples include desiliconization slag and dephosphorization slag. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be appropriately mixed and used.
- the steelmaking slag used as a bottom modifier is required to have a total iron (total Fe) content of 10 mass% or more, and more preferably 15 mass% or more.
- total Fe total iron
- the reason for this is that by laying such steelmaking slag in the bottom sediment, it is possible to obtain an action capable of chemically suppressing the production of methane by the contained iron.
- the iron content of steelmaking slag becomes iron hydroxide (trivalent) in water, and this iron hydroxide becomes divalent.
- the following reduction reaction occurs Fe 3+ becomes an oxidizing agent), and the redox potential is increased. it is conceivable that. Fe 3+ + e ⁇ ⁇ Fe 2+
- This reduction reaction of trivalent iron ions occurs in preference to the following methane production reaction.
- the oxidation-reduction potential is lowered to about ⁇ 200 mV or less under anaerobic conditions, methane formation proceeds.
- the oxidation-reduction potential increases due to the reduction reaction of the trivalent iron ions, methane formation is almost eliminated. Thereby, generation
- the total iron content of the steelmaking slag is less than 10 mass%, since the iron ion activity is low, the amount of increase in redox potential due to the above reaction is not sufficient.
- the bottom mud collected from the bottom sediment of the water area where methane gas is generated is laid in a 2L wide-mouth bottle to a thickness of 80mm, and steelmaking slag (dephosphorized slag, total iron content 17mass%, base A degree of 1.22, natural aging for 6 months) was laid down (placed on) to a thickness of 40 mm, and artificial seawater was poured onto it at a depth of 80 mm, and then the bottle was sealed to prepare a steel slag laying sample.
- a sample containing only the bottom mud and artificial seawater without laying steelmaking slag was prepared and used as a control sample.
- the oxidation-reduction potential of the bottom pore water is improved by laying the steelmaking slag as described above. Furthermore, since the oxidation-reduction potential of the directly overhead water was kept high, it was shown that the reduction of the oxidation-reduction potential of the directly overhead water due to the sediment could be prevented. As will be shown later, the methanogenic bacteria increase in activity as the oxidation-reduction potential falls below -100 mV, and the methane production rate gradually increases. However, in the steelmaking slag laying sample, the oxidation-reduction potential of sediment pore water reaches 30 mV or more. From the fact that it was maintained, it was shown that the generation of methane gas can be suppressed.
- the content (ratio) of the steelmaking slag in the bottom modifier is preferably 40 mass% or more, more preferably 60 mass% or more from the viewpoint of improvement efficiency of the bottom sediment.
- there is no upper limit of the content of the steelmaking slag in the bottom modifier and the whole amount may be steelmaking slag.
- the bottom modifier may contain blast furnace granulated slag, but its content needs to be less than 20 mass%, and it is more desirable not to contain it at all.
- Steelmaking slag is one of aging treatment, that is, one of natural aging, steam aging (normal pressure), high-pressure steam aging, and hot water aging for one month or more after crushing steelmaking slag by-produced in the molten iron refining process. It is preferable that aging of seeds or more is performed and iron hydroxide is generated on the surface. This is because iron hydroxide (Fe (OH) 3 ) or iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) is generated by hydration of surface water and iron during aging, and iron is trivalent in advance. It is the aim. Thereby, it can suppress that a redox potential becomes low when iron content changes from bivalent to trivalent in water. In addition, in order to promote the hydration reaction of surface water and iron during aging, it is also effective to sprinkle water artificially during natural aging.
- iron hydroxide Fe (OH) 3
- FeOOH iron oxyhydroxide
- Basicity of the steel slag is 3 or less, it is preferable that more preferably 2 or less. This is because if the basicity of the steelmaking slag exceeds 3, the pH of the slag water directly above and the slag pore water may become too high. If the pH of the slag interstitial water becomes too high, the oxidation-reduction potential is lowered and the activity of the methane-producing bacteria is increased, which may reduce the effect of suppressing the generation of methane gas. Moreover, if basicity is 2 or less, since the oxidation amount of the metal iron contained in slag increases during an aging period, it will become a more preferable condition.
- Steelmaking slag having a basicity of 3 or less generated by oxidative refining of molten iron has a very low free CaO content, so the particle size change before and after aging is not significant. Therefore, even if the aging treatment is not performed, there is no problem that the slag particles are disintegrated or pulverized due to the expansion due to the hydration reaction of CaO after being laid in water, and the aging treatment described above is intended to promote the generation of iron hydroxide. carry out.
- the lower limit of basicity is not particularly limited, but in steelmaking slag, it is generally 0.5 or more, and the elution water is generally weakly alkaline to alkaline.
- Sediment modifier is laid in the range of mass average particle size (hereinafter simply referred to as “average particle size”) calculated from sieving with JIS standard sieves in the range of 2 to 30 mm.
- average particle size mass average particle size calculated from sieving with JIS standard sieves in the range of 2 to 30 mm.
- the bottom modifier is laid in a layered manner on the existing bottom, and the top surface level of the laid layer is preferably the same as or higher than the bottom mud deposition surface. That is, generally, when bottom sediment modifier is laid on existing sediment, at least a part of it is buried in bottom mud depending on the properties of bottom sediment, the particle size of the bottom sediment modifier, the amount of input, etc. It may end up. However, even in that case, it is preferable that the height of the upper surface of the laying layer is equal to or higher than the bottom mud accumulation surface, and it is particularly more preferable that the average height is 10 mm or more, desirably 30 mm or higher.
- the bottom modifier it is preferable to lay the bottom modifier so that the average thickness of the layer not buried in the bottom mud of the bottom modifier is 10 mm or more, preferably 30 mm or more.
- the average thickness of the layer not buried in the bottom mud of the bottom modifier is 10 mm or more, preferably 30 mm or more.
- the effect of suppressing the generation of methane gas from the deposited organic matter that will accumulate on the bottom mud in the long term is sufficient. It is because it cannot be obtained.
- the height of the upper surface of the bottom modifier is 10 mm or more (preferably 30 mm or more) higher than the sediment surface of the bottom mud, the organic matter that settles in the gap between the bottom modifier is aerobic. Since decomposition is promoted in the environment, the effect of suppressing the generation of methane gas is maintained for a long time.
- the bottom material modifier is put on and laid on the existing bottom material, and the average thickness of the laying layer is 40 mm or more, more preferably 100 mm or more.
- the average thickness of the laying layer is 40 mm or more, more preferably 100 mm or more.
- the average thickness of the layer of the bottom modifier is less than 40 mm, the bottom modifier is not sufficiently thick, so that the chemical modification of the bottom is small. The effect of suppressing the generation of contained gas is reduced.
- a layer in which the bottom modifier and the existing bottom mud are mixed (hereinafter referred to as “coexistence layer” for convenience of explanation) has an average thickness of 10 mm. As described above, it is desirably formed to be 30 mm or more.
- the average thickness of the coexistence layer can be calculated by the difference between the average thickness of the laying layer and the average value obtained by measuring the thickness of the laying layer on the bottom mud deposition surface. The reason why such a coexistence layer is preferably formed is that the bottom quality improvement effect of steelmaking slag is bottomed out when all the bottom modifiers that have been put on the bottom mud and laid in a state where there is no coexistence layer.
- the coexisting layer of bottom sediment modifier containing bottom mud and steelmaking slag with an average thickness of 10 mm or more, desirably 30 mm or more, a layer with modified bottom sediment is formed in the coexisting layer, and methane formation Fungal activity can be suppressed more effectively, and generation of methane gas can be suppressed particularly low.
- the construction thickness is determined in consideration of the subsidence of the bottom modifier introduced into the bottom.
- the average thickness may be estimated and laid using a calculated value based on the result of measuring the characteristics of the bottom sediment and the characteristics of the bottom modifier to be introduced.
- the layer formed by the first (hereinafter referred to as “first time”) out of any two consecutive times of input is the lower layer and the subsequent (hereinafter referred to as “second time”) input.
- the layer formed by is referred to as the upper layer.
- the laying thickness of each is determined by the depth of penetration as described later, but the ratio of the thickness of the lower layer to the upper layer is [the laying thickness of the lower layer] / Laying thickness of the upper layer] is preferably in the range of about 0.1 to 5.
- the ratio of the laying thickness can be appropriately adjusted in order to obtain the preferred laying layer structure described above according to the characteristics of the bottom sediment at the laying place. Further, the number of times of introducing the bottom modifier may be any number of 3 or more. However, when the number of times of addition is too large, the efficiency of the input operation is impaired, and 2 times is most preferable.
- the first bottom material modification When the bottom material modifier is charged in two or more times, at least one of the two or more continuous bottom material modifier inputs, the first bottom material modification It is preferable that the average particle size of the material is smaller than the average particle size of the bottom material modifying material to be charged a second time.
- the reason for this is that the smaller the grain size of the bottom modifier, the smaller the amount of sinking into the bottom mud, so in the first input, a layer that is not buried in the bottom mud with a relatively small amount of the bottom modifier input. This is because it can be formed.
- a bottom modifier having an average particle size of about 2 to 10 mm mass average particle size calculated based on sieving with a JIS standard sieve; the same applies hereinafter
- the average particle size of the bottom modifier when the particle size of the bottom modifier is large, the deposited organic matter can settle stably in the gap between the bottom modifier. Therefore, as the bottom material modifier to be introduced second time, although there is no particular limitation on the particle size, the average particle size of about 5 to 30 mm (however, the average particle size of the upper layer> the average particle size of the lower layer) It is preferable to have. If the average particle size is less than 5 mm, the effect of forming a gap between the bottom modifier particles may be insufficient, whereas if the average particle size is greater than 30 mm, the ratio of the bottom modifier in the upper layer portion This is because the surface area is insufficient and the effect of promoting the aerobic decomposition of the organic matter may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the upper layer bottom modifier has a particle size of 1 mm. It is desirable to use those having a fine particle fraction of less than 30 mass%, more preferably 20 mass% or less.
- the ratio of the average particle size of the upper layer and lower layer modifiers is more than 1.0 and 2.5 or less.
- the degree is preferable, and about 1.3 to 2.0 is more preferable.
- the ratio of the average particle diameter is 1.0 or less, an effect of increasing the gap between the upper layer bottom material modifier particles while suppressing excessive penetration of the lower layer bottom material modifier into the bottom mud is obtained.
- the value of the average particle size ratio is larger than 2.5, the coexistence layer thickness of the bottom sediment modifier and the bottom mud becomes small, or the ratio of the bottom sediment modifier This is because the surface area may be reduced.
- the laying thickness of the bottom material modifying material to be charged in the second time is not particularly limited, but it is particularly preferable that the following formula (1) is satisfied.
- the reason for this is that in order to prevent the bottom quality modifier introduced in the second time from being buried in mud, the bottom quality modifier introduced in the first time is inserted into the gap between the bottom quality modifier particles introduced in the second time. This is because it is necessary for all the mud deposited on the top to be contained.
- the “porosity ratio A (%) of the bottom modifier” in the following formula (1) is a value obtained by subtracting the actual volume ratio (%) obtained in accordance with JIS-A-1104 from 100%. is there.
- h Thickness of the mud (cm) deposited on the bottom material modifier introduced in the first time
- H Laying thickness (cm) of the bottom modifier to be introduced for the second time
- A Porosity (%) of the bottom modifier to be introduced for the second time
- the bottom material modifier when the bottom material modifier is charged in two or more times, the first and second times in the two consecutive bottom material modifiers in at least one of the two or more inputs. It is preferable to provide an interval of at least one hour between the inputs. This is for sedimentation of the fine particles contained in the bottom mud and the bottom material modifier risen by the first charging. When the bottom mud risen is settled in this way, most of it settles in the gap between the bottom quality modifiers and becomes mixed with the bottom quality modifier. The amount of bottom mud that rises when the reforming material is added is reduced as compared with the case where the lower layer bottom material modifying material is added.
- the upper limit of the time interval is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 48 hours. This is because the effect is saturated even if the time is longer than that.
- the specific example is demonstrated about the injection
- throwing-in procedure of the bottom material modifier in this invention is not limited to the procedure demonstrated below.
- the properties of the bottom material to be modified are obtained. For example, the moisture content and / or shear resistance value is measured together with the organic matter content of the bottom sediment, etc., and the distribution in the depth direction of the moisture content and / or shear resistance value and the organic matter of the bottom sediment is determined.
- the depth of penetration into the bottom sediment due to the load of the bottom sediment modifier is calculated and determined.
- the specific gravity, particle size, and porosity of the bottom modifier to be added are adjusted to produce a desired bottom modifier.
- the depth of penetration of the bottom quality modifier into the bottom mud can be estimated by directly measuring the actual depth of penetration in a preliminary experiment or the like.
- a water sampling probe whose tube tip is closed with a porous material is embedded in the coexisting layer, and pore water is collected with this water sampling probe and measured with a redox potential meter. did.
- the amount of methane gas generated is measured by attaching a bag to the narrow mouth of the jugo, setting the wide mouth down directly on the bottom sediment, collecting the gas in the bag, and raising the volume after a certain time. And the amount of methane gas generated per unit area and time was determined.
- the difference between the average thickness of the laying layer and the average thickness of the coexistence layer means the average thickness of the bottom modifier layer on the bottom mud deposition surface.
- bottom mud of the bottom sediment modifier 50% by volume was sampled and previously mixed with the bottom sediment modifier and laid, so that the bottom sediment The modified material was laid completely buried in the bottom mud.
- the bottom material modifier was introduced once or twice from the water surface and laid.
- methane gas is increasing rather.
- the methane gas generation rate is suppressed to a relatively low level of 200 ml / m 2 ⁇ hr or less until the oxidation-reduction potential is about ⁇ 100 mV, but the methane gas generation amount tends to increase rapidly as it decreases below this level. It can be seen that When there is no bottom modifier layer on the bottom mud deposit (No. 25) and when there is a bottom modifier layer on the bottom mud deposit (No. 8) under almost the same conditions. By comparison, it can be seen that the latter tends to reduce the methane gas generation rate.
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CN106630168B (zh) * | 2017-01-18 | 2019-09-10 | 武汉市农业科学技术研究院水产科学研究所 | 水产用水质与底质改良的复方颗粒剂及其制备方法 |
CN109937916A (zh) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-06-28 | 沧州临港海益水产养殖有限公司 | 一种活菌底质改良剂池底预埋的水产养殖方法 |
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