WO2013137313A1 - 加湿器 - Google Patents
加湿器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013137313A1 WO2013137313A1 PCT/JP2013/057005 JP2013057005W WO2013137313A1 WO 2013137313 A1 WO2013137313 A1 WO 2013137313A1 JP 2013057005 W JP2013057005 W JP 2013057005W WO 2013137313 A1 WO2013137313 A1 WO 2013137313A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
- cathode
- membrane bundle
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 195
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/268—Drying gases or vapours by diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/034—Lumen open in more than two directions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
- B01D63/046—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies in separate housings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F6/00—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04149—Humidifying by diffusion, e.g. making use of membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/08—Flow guidance means within the module or the apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/08—Flow guidance means within the module or the apparatus
- B01D2313/083—Bypass routes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/20—Specific housing
- B01D2313/201—Closed housing, vessels or containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/23—Specific membrane protectors, e.g. sleeves or screens
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F2003/1435—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification comprising semi-permeable membrane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a humidifier.
- JP2010-71618A discloses a conventional humidifier that exchanges moisture between the first gas and the second gas by flowing the first gas inside the hollow fiber membrane and the second gas outside. Has been.
- the conventional humidifier described above has a problem that the pressure loss of the first gas passing through the humidifier is large.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and aims to reduce the pressure loss of the humidifier.
- a humidifier in which a first gas is allowed to flow inside the hollow fiber membrane and a second gas is allowed to flow outside to exchange moisture between the first gas and the second gas.
- a hollow fiber membrane bundle in which a plurality of membranes are bundled, a storage case for storing the hollow fiber membrane bundle therein, a first gas introduction port and a discharge port, and a second gas introduction port and a discharge port.
- the hollow fiber membrane bundle includes a first gas bypass passage that penetrates the inside of the hollow fiber membrane bundle in the axial direction and has a larger flow path cross-sectional area than a flow path cross-sectional area inside the hollow fiber membrane.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a hollow fiber membrane.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line V-V of the humidifier of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the flow of the cathode off-gas in the central body.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the flow of the cathode off-gas in the central body.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a
- FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view showing the inside of the hollow fiber membrane bundle of this embodiment provided with two cathode gas bypass channels.
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view showing the inside of a hollow fiber membrane bundle of a reference form in which no cathode gas bypass channel is provided.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- an electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between an anode electrode (fuel electrode) and a cathode electrode (oxidant electrode), an anode gas containing hydrogen in the anode electrode (fuel gas), and a cathode gas containing oxygen in the cathode electrode (oxidant) Electricity is generated by supplying gas.
- the electrode reaction that proceeds in both the anode electrode and the cathode electrode is as follows.
- Anode electrode 2H 2 ⁇ 4H + + 4e ⁇ (1)
- Cathode electrode 4H + + 4e ⁇ + O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O (2)
- the fuel cell generates an electromotive force of about 1 volt by the electrode reactions (1) and (2).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 1 includes a fuel cell stack 2 and a cathode gas supply / discharge device 3.
- the fuel cell stack 2 is formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cells.
- the fuel cell stack 2 generates electric power by receiving supply of anode gas and cathode gas, and power necessary for driving the vehicle (for example, power necessary for driving the motor). Power generation.
- the anode gas supply / exhaust device for supplying the anode gas to the fuel cell stack 2 and the cooling device for cooling the fuel cell stack 2 are not the main part of the present invention, and are not shown for easy understanding.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 3 is a device that supplies cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 2 and discharges cathode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 2 to the outside air.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 3 includes a cathode gas supply passage 31, a cathode gas discharge passage 32, a filter 33, a cathode compressor 34, an air flow sensor 35, a humidifier (WRD; Water ⁇ Recovery Device) 4, and a cathode adjustment.
- Pressure valve 36 is a device that supplies cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 2 and discharges cathode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 2 to the outside air.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 3 includes a cathode gas supply passage 31, a cathode gas discharge passage 32, a filter 33, a cathode compressor 34, an air flow sensor 35, a humidifier (WRD; Water ⁇ Recovery Device) 4, and a catho
- the cathode gas supply passage 31 is a passage through which the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 2 flows.
- a passage in which one end is connected to the filter 33 and the other end is connected to the cathode gas introduction hole 412 a of the humidifier 4 is referred to as “cathode gas”. It is referred to as “supply passage 31a”.
- the cathode supply passage 31 has one end connected to the cathode gas discharge hole 413 a of the humidifier 4 and the other end connected to the cathode gas inlet hole 21 of the fuel cell stack 2 as a “cathode gas supply passage 31 b”. That's it.
- the cathode gas discharge passage 32 is a passage through which the cathode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 2 flows.
- the cathode off gas is a mixed gas (wet gas) of the cathode gas and water vapor generated by the electrode reaction.
- one end of the cathode gas discharge passage 32 is connected to the cathode gas outlet hole 22 of the fuel cell stack 2, and the other end is connected to the cathode offgas introduction hole 411 a of the humidifier 4.
- the connected passage is referred to as “cathode gas discharge passage 32a”.
- the cathode gas discharge passage 32 having one end connected to the cathode offgas discharge hole 411b of the humidifier 4 and the other end being an open end is referred to as a “cathode gas discharge passage 32b”.
- the filter 33 removes foreign matters in the cathode gas taken into the cathode gas supply passage 31.
- the cathode compressor 34 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 31.
- the cathode compressor 34 takes in air (outside air) as cathode gas via the filter 33 into the cathode gas supply passage 31 and supplies it to the fuel cell stack 2.
- the air flow sensor 35 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 31 downstream of the cathode compressor 34.
- the air flow sensor 35 detects the flow rate of the cathode gas flowing through the cathode gas supply passage 31.
- the humidifier 4 is connected to each of the cathode gas supply passage 31 and the cathode gas discharge passage 32, collects moisture in the cathode off-gas flowing through the cathode gas discharge passage 32, and passes the cathode gas supply passage 31 with the collected moisture. Humidify the flowing cathode gas. Since the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 2 by the humidifier 4 is humidified, drying of the electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell can be suppressed and the proton transfer resistance can be reduced, thereby improving the output performance (power generation efficiency) of the fuel cell. be able to. The detailed configuration of the humidifier 4 will be described later with reference to FIGS.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 36 is provided in the cathode gas discharge passage 32 downstream of the humidifier 4.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 36 is an electromagnetic valve whose opening degree can be adjusted continuously or stepwise. By adjusting the opening of the cathode pressure regulating valve 36, the pressure of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 2 is adjusted to a desired pressure.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the humidifier 4.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the humidifier 4.
- the humidifier 4 includes a housing 41 and a hollow fiber membrane module 42.
- the housing 41 includes a central body 411, a first closing body 412, and a second closing body 413.
- the housing 41 has a function of housing and protecting the hollow fiber membrane module 42 therein, a function of introducing a cathode gas and a cathode off-gas to be supplied to the hollow fiber membrane module 42 into the housing 41, and a hollow fiber.
- the central body 411 is a flat metal case with both ends opened, and accommodates the hollow fiber membrane module 42 therein.
- the direction orthogonal to the opening surfaces at both ends of the central body is referred to as “axial direction”.
- the opening side of the central body 411 on the second closing body side is the front, the upper side in the figure is up, the lower side in the figure is down, the front side in the figure is left, and the back side in the figure is right, and the top, bottom, left and right are defined. .
- a cathode off-gas introduction hole 411a is formed on the left side wall of the central body 411.
- the cathode off gas introduction hole 411 a is connected to the first cathode gas discharge passage 32.
- the cathode offgas introduction hole 411a introduces the cathode offgas that has been discharged from the fuel cell stack 2 and has flowed through the cathode gas discharge passage 32a into the central body 411.
- a cathode off-gas discharge hole 411b is formed on the right side wall of the central body 411.
- the cathode off gas discharge hole 411 b is connected to the second cathode gas discharge passage 32.
- the cathode off-gas discharge hole 411b discharges the cathode off-gas introduced into the central body 411 and the moisture collected by the hollow fiber membrane module 42 to the cathode gas discharge passage 32b.
- the first closing body 412 is a metal lid that closes one opening of the central body 411, and includes a cathode gas introduction hole 412a.
- the cathode gas introduction hole 412a is connected to the cathode gas supply passage 31a.
- the cathode gas introduction hole 412 a introduces the cathode gas discharged from the cathode compressor 34 into the first closing body 412.
- the cathode gas introduced into the inside of the first closing body 412 is introduced into the inside through one opening of the central body 411.
- the second closing body 413 is a metal lid that closes the other opening of the central body 411, and includes a cathode gas discharge hole 413a.
- the cathode gas discharge hole 413a is connected to the cathode gas supply passage 31b.
- the cathode gas discharge hole 413a discharges the cathode gas humidified by the hollow fiber membrane module 42 and discharged from the other opening of the central body 411 into the second closing body 413 to the cathode gas supply passage 31b.
- the cathode gas discharged to the cathode gas supply passage 31b is supplied to the fuel cell stack 2 through the cathode gas supply passage 31b.
- the central body 411 and the first closing body 412 are sealed by the O-ring 43.
- the central body 411 and the second closing body 413 are sealed by the O-ring 44.
- the hollow fiber membrane module 42 includes a hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 and a storage case 422. Before describing each component of the hollow fiber membrane module 42, first, the hollow fiber membrane 5 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the hollow fiber membrane 5.
- the hollow fiber membrane 5 is a hollow membrane having moisture permeability, and is provided with an internal channel 51 that opens at both end faces and communicates the openings at both end faces.
- the hollow fiber membrane 5 has a moisture content between the internal gas and the external gas according to a water vapor partial pressure difference between the internal gas flowing through the internal flow channel 51 and the external gas flowing while contacting the outer peripheral surface 52 of the hollow fiber membrane 5.
- the fine gaps between the hollow fiber membranes at both ends of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 are filled with a potting material to bond the hollow fiber membranes to each other. It is integrally formed by this. Except for both ends of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421, the hollow fiber membranes are not bonded to each other by a potting material, and fine voids remain between the hollow fiber membranes.
- the fine voids existing between the hollow fiber membranes serve as the flow path (hereinafter referred to as “external flow path”) 52 through which the external gas flows.
- the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 humidifies the cathode gas flowing through the internal flow channel 51 by allowing the water vapor in the cathode off-gas flowing through the external flow channel 52 to pass through the internal flow channel 51 of each hollow fiber membrane 5.
- the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 includes two cathode gas bypass channels 6 passing through the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 in the axial direction.
- the cathode gas bypass channel 6 is provided at a position offset from the axial center of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 to the left and right by a predetermined amount so as to be symmetrical with respect to the axial center of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421.
- the cathode gas bypass channel 6 is formed of the same potting material as that obtained by bonding the hollow fiber membranes to each other, and does not humidify the cathode gas introduced from the first closing body 412 to the central body 411. It is discharged to the closing body 413. That is, the cathode gas bypass channel 6 has a function of bypassing the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 and discharging the cathode gas introduced into the first closing body 412 to the second closing body 413 as it is.
- the cathode gas bypass channel 6 is formed such that its cross-sectional area (area of a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction) is larger than the cross-sectional area of the hollow fiber membrane 5.
- the storage case 422 is a flat resin case opened at both ends, and stores the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 inside such that the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 is parallel to the axial direction.
- the central body 411 and one end of the storage case 422 are sealed by an O-ring 45.
- the other end portions of the central body 411 and the storage case 422 are sealed by an O-ring 46.
- the storage case 422 allows cathode off gas to flow into the external flow path 52 of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 from a part of the side wall (upper side wall, right side wall, left side wall) of the storage case 422 and into the external flow path 52.
- the cathode off gas has a function of flowing out from the remaining part (lower side wall) of the side wall of the storage case 422.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line V-V of the humidifier 4 of FIG. In FIG. 5, illustration of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 is omitted.
- an upper gas inflow hole 422a is formed in the upper side wall of the storage case 422.
- the upper gas inflow hole 422a is a hole penetrating the upper side wall, and a plurality of the upper gas inflow holes 422a are formed on almost the entire upper side wall.
- the cathode offgas introduced into the central body 411 from the cathode offgas introduction hole 411a formed in the left side wall of the central body 411 mainly flows into the external flow path 52 of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 from the upper gas inflow hole 422a. .
- the gas discharge hole 422b is formed in the lower side wall of the storage case 422.
- the gas discharge hole 422b is a hole penetrating the lower side wall, and a plurality of gas discharge holes 422b are formed on almost the entire lower side wall.
- the cathode off-gas that has flowed into the external flow path 52 of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 is discharged into the central body 411 from the gas discharge hole 422b. And it discharges
- a diffusion wall 422c, a left gas inflow hole 422d, and a left bypass rib 422e are formed on the left side wall of the storage case 422.
- the diffusion wall 422c is formed at a position facing the cathode offgas introduction hole 411a formed in the central body 411 when the hollow fiber membrane module 42 is accommodated in the central body 411.
- the cathode offgas introduced into the central body 411 from the cathode offgas introduction hole 411a collides with the diffusion wall 422c and diffuses.
- the left gas inflow hole 422d is a hole penetrating the left side wall, and a plurality of left side gas inflow holes 422d are formed on almost the entire left side wall excluding the formation part of the diffusion wall 422c.
- the cathode off-gas introduced into the central body 411 flows into the external flow path 52 of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 from the left gas inflow hole 422d as well as the upper gas inflow hole 422a.
- the left bypass rib 422e is a protrusion that protrudes vertically from the lower part of the left wall and is formed in the axial direction.
- the left bypass rib 422e is formed so that a predetermined gap (hereinafter referred to as “left bypass space”) 7 is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the central body 411.
- a right gas inflow hole 422f and a right bypass rib 422g are formed on the right wall of the storage case 422.
- the right gas inflow hole 422f is a hole penetrating the right side wall, and a plurality of right side gas inflow holes 422f are formed on almost the entire right side wall.
- the cathode off-gas introduced into the central body 411 flows into the external flow path 52 of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 not only from the upper gas inflow hole 422a but also from the right gas inflow hole 422f.
- the right bypass rib 422g is a protrusion that protrudes vertically from the lower side of the outer peripheral surface of the right wall and is formed in the axial direction.
- the right bypass rib 422g is formed so that a predetermined gap (hereinafter referred to as “right bypass space”) 8 is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the central body 411.
- the remaining part flows into the gap between the central body 411 and the lower side wall of the storage case 422 through the left bypass space 7 and the right bypass space 8, and the external flow path 52 of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421. Without flowing into the cathode gas discharge hole 422b.
- the flow rate of the cathode off gas flowing through the left bypass space 7 and the right bypass space 8 can be controlled by adjusting the heights of the left bypass rib 422e and the right bypass rib 422g.
- the flow rate of cathode offgas flowing into the external flow path 52 of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 from each gas inflow hole 422a, 422d, 422f of the storage case 422 and the flow direction of the cathode offgas after flowing into the external flow path 52 The flow rate can be controlled by adjusting the height of the left bypass rib 422e and the right bypass rib 422g.
- the hollow fiber membrane bundle is formed from the gas inlet holes 422a, 422d, 422f of the storage case 422 as shown in FIG.
- the cathode off-gas that has flowed into the external flow path 52 of 421 is made to flow uniformly from the entire surface of the upper surface wall and vertically at the same flow rate from the upper side wall to the lower side wall.
- the cathode off-gas that has flowed through the external flow path 52 of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 from the upper side wall toward the lower side wall enters the gap between the central body 411 and the lower side wall of the storage case 422 from the gas discharge hole 422b on the lower side wall. It is discharged from the cathode gas discharge hole 422b together with the cathode off gas that has passed through the left bypass space 7 and the right bypass space 8.
- the cathode gas introduced from the cathode gas introduction hole 412a of the first closing body 412 into the first closing body 412 is introduced into the center body 411 from one opening of the center body 411. Since the gap between the outer peripheral surface of one end of the storage case 422 and the inner peripheral surface of the central body 411 is sealed with an O-ring or the like, part of the cathode gas introduced into the central body 411 is stored in the storage case 422.
- the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 flows into the internal flow channel 51 of each hollow fiber membrane 5, and the remaining part flows into the cathode gas bypass flow channel 6.
- the cathode gas that has flowed into the internal flow path 51 of each hollow fiber membrane 5 is humidified by water vapor that has permeated from the external flow path 52, and is introduced into the second closed body 413 from the other opening of the central body 411.
- the cathode gas that has flowed into the cathode gas bypass channel 6 is introduced into the second closing body 413 from the other opening of the central body 411 without being humidified.
- the cathode gas introduced into the second closing body 413 is discharged from the cathode gas discharge hole 422 b to the second cathode gas supply passage 31 and supplied to the fuel cell stack 2.
- the cathode gas bypass channel 6 that penetrates the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 in the axial direction is formed inside the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421.
- the cross-sectional area of the cathode gas bypass flow path 6 was made larger than the cross-sectional area of the internal flow path 51 of each hollow fiber membrane 5.
- the flow rate and pressure of the cathode gas required by the fuel cell stack 2 basically increase as the load of the fuel cell stack 2 increases.
- the pressure loss of the cathode gas passing through the humidifier 4 increases, It is necessary to set the rotational speed of the cathode compressor 34 to be higher by the amount corresponding to the pressure loss.
- the rotational speed of the cathode compressor 34 can be set low, so that the power consumption of the cathode compressor 34 can be suppressed and the fuel efficiency is improved. be able to.
- the two cathode gas bypass channels 6 are set to have a predetermined amount left and right from the axis of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 so as to be symmetric with respect to the axis of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421. Are provided at positions that are offset by only one.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the effect.
- 8A is a cross-sectional view showing the inside of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 of the present embodiment in which two cathode gas bypass channels 6 are provided, and FIG. 8B does not have the cathode gas bypass channel 6 provided. It is sectional drawing which shows the mode inside the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 of a reference form.
- the cathode off gas flows so as to intersect the cathode gas, the cathode off gas tends to flow toward the center of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421.
- the hollow fiber membranes 5 at the center of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 tend to gradually move outward in the left and right directions. That is, in the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421, a portion where the cathode off gas easily flows and a portion where it is difficult to flow are generated. As a result, the moisture exchange efficiency of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 may be reduced.
- the water exchange efficiency in the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 tends to be lower in the central portion than in the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion where the cathode off gas is likely to hit. Therefore, by providing the cathode gas bypass channel 6 at a position relatively close to the axial center of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421, it is possible to suppress a decrease in water exchange efficiency as a whole of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421.
- the cathode gas bypass channel 6 is formed of the same potting material as that obtained by bonding the hollow fiber membranes.
- the two cathode gas bypass channels 6 are offset by a predetermined amount from the axis of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 to the left and right so as to be symmetric with respect to the axis of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421. It was provided at each position.
- the position where the cathode gas bypass channel 6 is provided is not limited to this.
- the corner on the lower wall side of the storage case 422 is particularly difficult for the cathode off gas to flow, and the moisture exchange efficiency of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 is the lowest, so by providing this position, moisture exchange of the entire hollow fiber membrane bundle 421 is achieved. It is possible to suppress a reduction in direct current loss while suppressing a decrease in efficiency.
- the cathode off gas is caused to flow so as to intersect with the flow direction of the cathode gas, but may be flowed so as to face the flow direction of the cathode gas.
- the cathode gas is allowed to flow in the internal flow path 51 of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 42 and the cathode off gas is allowed to flow in the external flow path 52.
- An off gas may be allowed to flow.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
カソード電極 : 4H+ +4e- +O2 →2H2O …(2)
Claims (5)
- 中空糸膜の内側に第1ガスを流すと共に外側に第2ガスを流し、第1ガスと第2ガスとの間で水分交換を行う加湿器であって、
前記中空糸膜を複数本束ねた中空糸膜束と、
前記中空糸膜束を内部に収容する収納ケースと、
第1ガスの導入口及び排出口と、第2ガスの導入口及び排出口と、を有し、前記収納ケースを内部に収容する筐体と、
を備え、
前記中空糸膜束は、その中空糸膜束の内部を軸方向に貫通するとともに、流路断面積が前記中空糸膜の内側の流路断面積よりも大きい第1ガスバイパス通路を備える、
加湿器。 - 前記収納ケースは、
前記中空糸膜束の内部において、前記中空糸膜の外側を流れる第2ガスが、前記中空糸膜の内側を流れる第1ガスに対して交差して流れるように、側面の一部から前記中空糸膜束に第2ガスを流入させるガス流入孔と、前記中空糸膜束に流入させた第2ガスを側面の残りの一部から流出させるガス流出孔と、
を備え、
前記第1ガスバイパス通路は、
前記中空糸膜束の軸心を挟むように2つ設けられる、
請求項1に記載の加湿器。 - 前記収納ケースは、
両端の開口面が略長方形をしており、開口面を正面として上下左右を定義したときに、長手辺を含む上側面、短手辺を含む左右の側面に前記ガス流入孔を備え、長手辺を含む下側面に前記ガス排出孔を備える、
請求項2に記載の加湿器。 - 前記第1ガスバイパス通路は、
前記中空糸膜束の内部において、第1ガスと第2ガスとの水分交換効率が相対的に低い部分に設けられる、
請求項1に記載の加湿器。 - 前記中空糸膜束は、その両端部の中空糸膜同士がポッティング材で接着されて一体形成されたものであり、
前記第1ガスバイパス通路は、前記ポッティング材と同じ材質で形成された通路である、
請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1つに記載の加湿器。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201380013578.4A CN104246379A (zh) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | 加湿器 |
EP13761577.9A EP2827074A4 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | HUMIDIFIER |
US14/383,629 US20150107453A1 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | Water recovery device |
JP2014504959A JP5783321B2 (ja) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | 加湿器 |
CA2867102A CA2867102A1 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | Water recovery device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012-056372 | 2012-03-13 | ||
JP2012056372 | 2012-03-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013137313A1 true WO2013137313A1 (ja) | 2013-09-19 |
Family
ID=49161218
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2013/057005 WO2013137313A1 (ja) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | 加湿器 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150107453A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2827074A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5783321B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104246379A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2867102A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013137313A1 (ja) |
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CN105592914A (zh) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-05-18 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 中空纤维膜模块、其制造方法、用于中空纤维膜模块的头部装置和中空纤维膜约束装置 |
JP2021034371A (ja) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-03-01 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 燃料電池用加湿器 |
JP2022528103A (ja) * | 2019-04-17 | 2022-06-08 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 燃料電池用加湿器及びそのためのパッキング部材 |
WO2023058284A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-06 | 2023-04-13 | Nok株式会社 | 中空糸膜モジュール |
WO2024176970A1 (ja) * | 2023-02-21 | 2024-08-29 | Nok株式会社 | 中空糸膜モジュール |
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US10054022B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2018-08-21 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Exhaust treatment system having membrane module for water removal |
DE102017218502A1 (de) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-04-18 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Feuchtigkeitstauschmodul für ein Brennstoffzellensystem, Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE102019208421A1 (de) * | 2019-06-11 | 2020-12-17 | Audi Ag | Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung, Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug |
CA3202664A1 (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-07 | Do Woo Kim | Cartridge of fuel cell humidifier, and fuel cell humidifier |
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- 2013-03-13 JP JP2014504959A patent/JP5783321B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-13 CN CN201380013578.4A patent/CN104246379A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2827074A1 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
CA2867102A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
EP2827074A4 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
CN104246379A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
JPWO2013137313A1 (ja) | 2015-08-03 |
US20150107453A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
JP5783321B2 (ja) | 2015-09-24 |
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