WO2013132124A1 - Compuestos derivados de sulforafano, método de obtención y su uso médico, alimenticio y cosmético - Google Patents
Compuestos derivados de sulforafano, método de obtención y su uso médico, alimenticio y cosmético Download PDFInfo
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- C07C331/00—Derivatives of thiocyanic acid or of isothiocyanic acid
- C07C331/16—Isothiocyanates
- C07C331/18—Isothiocyanates having isothiocyanate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
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Definitions
- the present invention is directed mainly to the pharmaceutical sector with applications intended for the prevention and / or treatment of diseases and any type of condition or damage that occurs with an oxidative process, or that is not yet involved in this process, passes through the factor of Nrf2 transcription.
- the invention is applicable to any industrial sector with food, homeopathic, phytotherapeutic, dietary and / or cosmetic application.
- Sulforaphane helps prevent colon cancer, and acts as a preventive dietary agent against the development of gastric cancer caused by the action of Helicobacter pylori. Recent clinical and preclinical studies confirm this same chemopreventive activity in women at risk of breast cancer.
- sulforaphane and certain analogues have confirmed in human cell lines that they are effective in the treatment of different types of established cancers, such as colon and pancreas among others.
- This anticancer activity is partly due to the fact that they are capable of inducing cell apoptosis thanks to the presence of the isothiocyanate group (Min Jung Kim; So Hee Kim; Soo-Jeong Lim. Anticancer research. 2010, 30, 3611-3619).
- (R) sulforaphane inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and delays the development of this type of cancer in transgenic mouse models.
- this phytochemical is able to inhibit mastocyte degranulation, so they can be used as medicines, natural foods and cosmetics for the treatment of atopic diseases, including atopic rhinitis, with untivitis and dermatitis (Japanese patent application no. JP 2006301959).
- Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of many detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes.
- the KEAP1 protein is a cytoplasmic Nrf2 repressor that inhibits its ability to translocate to the nucleus, where it stimulates the gene expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes.
- Nrf2 interacts with the KEAP1 protein through the glycine-rich domain of the latter and the hydrophilic region in the NEH2 domain of Nrf2.
- KEAP1 contains many cysteine residues, so that Phase II enzyme inducers and / or prooxidants can oxidize or covalently modify these cysteine residues. As a result, Nrf2 separates from KEAP1 and translocates to the nucleus.
- Nrf2 is associated with the small MAF protein (term derived from musculoaponeurotic-fibrosarcoma virus).
- Nrf2 / MAF form a heterodimer that binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) and targets the genes coding for phase II detoxifying enzymes or antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase 2 (GSTA2), quinone oxidoreductase NADP (H ) (NQOl), ⁇ -glutamate cysteine ligase ( ⁇ -GCLC and ⁇ -GCLM) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1).
- Sulforaphane interacts directly with KEAP through a covalent bond through its thiol groups.
- 6- (Methylsulfinyl) hexyl isocyanate (6-HITC) a sulforane analogous to Japanese wasabi horseradish, stimulates the translocation of Nrf2, which then activates ARE.
- Nrf2 factor plays an important role in the regulation of tissue growth, signaling and repair factor, in particular oxidative stress-induced liver regeneration (Beyer T .; Xu W .; Teupser D .; Keller U .; Bugnon P .; Hildt E .; Thiery J .; Yuet Wai K .; Werner S. The EMBO Journal. 2008, 27, 212-223).
- this methodology takes place through a dynamic kinetic resolution of the starting sulfinyl chlorides. That is, this methodology allows selective access to both enantiomers.
- the synthesized analogs have shown excellent characteristics as activators of the Nrf2 transcription factor and a chiral discrimination in the activation of certain phase II detoxification enzymes.
- the invention relates to a compound for use as a pharmaceutical, homeopathic, phytotherapeutic, nutritional, dietary or cosmetic composition intended primarily for the prevention or treatment of diseases and any type of condition or damage that occurs with an oxidative process. , or that not yet being involved in this process, pass through the transcription factor Nrf2.
- the invention is directed to a compound of general formula (I):
- R is a linear, branched, cyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic cyclic, aromatic heterocyclic, saturated, unsaturated or an NR ⁇ R 2 chain, where R 1 and R 2 are selected so independent of the group consisting of H, straight chain, branched, cyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic cyclic, aromatic heterocyclic, saturated and unsaturated;
- Xi is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, NR 3 and + NRR 5 , where R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, linear, branched, cyclic, saturated and unsaturated chain ;
- n and m are a natural integer greater than or equal to 0;
- p is a natural integer greater than or equal to l;
- Z is sulfur or selenium.
- sulforaphane belonging to the family of isothiocyanates and isoselenocyanates.
- These compounds constitute new water-soluble analogs of sulforaphane, which have a high bioavailability, better than the compounds known so far due to their greater hydrophilicity.
- These compounds like sulforaphane, have a chiral sulfinyl group in their structure, so they exist in two enantiomeric forms. In this way, the present invention allows, for the first time, to selectively access both enantiomers of each sulforaphane derivative compound, both those of configuration R and those of sterochemistry S in sulfur.
- a compound of formula (I) as described covers the case in which X is an oxygen atom when Y is a pair of electrons, or Y is an oxygen atom when X is a pair of electrons, giving rise to the compounds of general formula (la) and (Ib) respectively: Formula (la) Formula (Ib) wherein R, Z, Xi, myn are defined as in claim 1.
- Z is a sulfur atom giving rise to the compounds of the general formula (la ') and (Ib'):
- Xi is oxygen
- R is a linear, branched, cyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic cyclic, aromatic heterocyclic, saturated, unsaturated or a secondary amine chain.
- R is a linear or branched alkyl chain. In another even more preferred embodiment, the alkyl chain is saturated.
- n is equal to m, more preferably n and m are equal and are between 1 and p, and even more preferably between 1 and 3, including both limits. In even more preferred case, n and m are equal to 1.
- p is between
- An even more preferred embodiment of the invention is the compound of formula la 'and Ib' in which Xi it is oxygen, n and m are equal to 1 and p is equal to 1, giving rise to the compounds of formula la '(1) and Ib' (1):
- Another preferred embodiment of the invention is the compound of formula la 'and Ib' in which Xi is oxygen, n and m are equal to 1 and p is 2 giving rise to the compounds of formula la '(2) and Ib' (2):
- Another preferred embodiment of the invention is the compound of formula la 'and Ib' in which Xi is oxygen, n and m are 1 and p is equal to 3 giving rise to the compounds of formula la '(3) and Ib' (3):
- R is a methyl group
- linear chain refers in the present invention to a chain formed by a number comprised between 1 and 15 carbon atoms linked together by CC covalent bonds, complemented its structure with hydrogen bonds.
- branched chain refers in the present invention to a carbon chain, in which there is at least 1 additional carbon atom bonded to any of the atoms constituting said chain.
- cyclic chain refers in the present invention to a chain formed by a number comprised between 3 and 8 carbon atoms with a ring structure, which can be considered the result of removing hydrogen from the terminal carbon of a linear chain and attach it to the first carbon in the chain.
- heterocyclic chain refers in the present invention to a stable monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic chain of 3 to 15 members, consisting of carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, and that it is unsaturated, saturated or partially saturated. It preferably has 4 to 8 members with one or more heteroatoms and more preferably 5 to 6 members with one or more heteroatoms, and even more preferably with 1 or 2 heteroatoms.
- the heterocycle may be a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic system, which may include fused rings.
- the nitrogen, carbon and sulfur atoms of the heterocyclic radical may optionally be oxidized;
- the nitrogen atoms may optionally be quaternized and the heterocyclic radical may be partially or fully saturated or aromatic.
- heterocycles may be, not limited to: tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and piperidine.
- aromatic cyclic chain refers in the present invention to carbon chains constituted by monocyclic or polycyclic systems of aromatic nature.
- aromatic heterocyclic chain refers in the present invention to aromatic cyclic chains in which one or more atoms of the cycle consists of heteroatoms of N, O or S.
- saturated chain refers in the present invention to a carbon chain in which there is no double or triple bond.
- saturated chain refers in the present invention to carbon chains in which there is at least one double or triple C-C bond.
- the present invention relates to the method of obtaining an isothiocyanate or isoselenocyanate of formula (I) as described above, in any of its variants, comprising the following steps:
- Formula (II) by transformation of the hydroxyls into good leaving groups Yi, where Yi represents a halogen atom or a sulfonate group and subsequent reaction of one of the good leaving groups Yi with sodium azide in an organic solvent, achieving incorporation into the compound of formula (V) of the azide function; (2) reacting the compound of formula (V) obtained in the previous step with potassium thioacetate, in organic solvent, to give the compound of general formula (VI):
- step (3) reacting the compound obtained in step (2) with sulfuryl chloride and with acetic anhydride, in organic solvent, at low temperature to give the polyethylene glycol sulfinyl chloride with an azide group of structure (VII):
- step (3) (4) reacting the compound obtained in step (3) with a chiral secondary alcohol derived from R'OH carbohydrates, in an organic solvent at low temperature and in the presence of a spherically hindered base or a spherically unaffected base, to yield a compound of structure (VIII), or of structure (Villa), respectively:
- said transformation comprises reacting the compound obtained in step (5) with a triarylphosphine, preferably triphenylphosphine, in an organic solvent, by heating, and in a second step with carbon disulfide, to obtain the product of formm
- Yi is a halogen atom or a sulfonate, preferably sulfonate, most preferably mesylate or triflate;
- R ' is a carbohydrate derivative, preferably glucofuranose.
- a halide is an element selected from those that make up group 17 of the periodic table (halogens).
- step (1) only one hydroxyl group of the compound of formula (II) can be first transformed into a good leaving group, then replacing said group with an azide by reaction with sodium azide, and finally the other hydroxyl group that remains in another good leaving group is transformed, in the same way as for the first one.
- the compound of formula (V) would be obtained as follows:
- step (le) transforming the second hydroxyl of the compound of formula (II) that still remains in the compound obtained in step (Ib) into a good leaving group Yi, to give the compound of structure (V), where n, m, p and Xi have the aforementioned meaning, and Yi is a halogen atom or a sulphonate, preferably sulfonate, most preferably mesylate or triflate.
- step (1) the two hydroxyls of the compound (II) are transformed into two good leaving groups, and then replace only one of them with an azide by means of sodium azide.
- the compound of formula (V) would be obtained as follows:
- R ' is diaceton-D-glucose in compound VIII and in compound Villa.
- R is methyl in compound (IX) and (IXa), (X) and (Xa), (XI) and (Xla), (XII) and (Xlla) and (XIII) and (XHIa).
- the spherically hindered base for obtaining an enantiomer in step (4) is a trialkylamine, preferably selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), collidine and dimethylaniline, and more preferably being the triethylamine
- DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
- it is preferably an aromatic amine, preferably selected from the group consisting of pyridine, dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and imidazole, with pyridine being more preferably .
- a third aspect of the present invention is constituted by a composition comprising in its formulation at least one compound as described above, in any of its variants.
- This composition may be of the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, homeopathic, dietary and / or phytotherapeutic type, depending on the components that accompany the compound of formula (I).
- the composition may, for example, comprise at least one pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant or carrier, and / or at least one other pharmaceutically acceptable active ingredient or other excipient known in the field in addition to the compound of formula (I), to give rise to a pharmaceutical composition or medication that an individual can ingest.
- the preparation of said composition Pharmaceutical can be carried out by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the compounds of formula (I) will preferably be in a pharmaceutical composition or pharmaceutically acceptable or substantially pure form, that is, having a pharmaceutically acceptable level of purity excluding normal pharmaceutical additives such as diluents and carriers, and not including material considered toxic at normal dosage levels.
- the purity levels for the active ingredient are preferably greater than 50%, more preferably greater than 70%, and still more preferably greater than 90%. In a preferred embodiment, they are greater than 95% of the compound of formula (I).
- compositions are the adjuvants and vehicles known to those skilled in the art and commonly used in the elaboration of therapeutic compositions.
- the compounds described in the present invention can be used together with other drugs, or additional active ingredients, to provide a combination therapy.
- Said additional drugs may be part of the same pharmaceutical composition or, alternatively, they may be provided in the form of a separate composition for simultaneous or non-simultaneous administration to that of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I).
- said pharmaceutical composition is prepared in the form of a solid form or aqueous suspension, in a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent.
- the therapeutic composition provided by this invention can be administered by any route of appropriate administration, for which said composition will be formulated in the pharmaceutical form appropriate to the route of administration chosen.
- administration of the therapeutic composition provided by this invention is performed orally, topically, rectally or parenterally (including subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, intradermally, intramuscularly, intravenously, etc.).
- biologically active components can be found commonly used in fortifying a food for the composition of a functional food or beverage.
- fortification as the operation of adding exogenous nutrients to a food or liquid or powdered beverage to be reconstituted (such as water, herbal teas, juices, jellies) to fulfill a specific function, such as improving health and reducing the risk of disease .
- the herbal teas include infusions, macerations, cooking, etc.
- cosmetic compositions comprising the sulforaphane derivative of formula (I) are selected from creams, lotions, liquids or emulsions, compact or loose powders, anhydrous bars, gels and oils, masks, soaps and solar cosmetics ⁇ water resistant and water proof).
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is the use of the compound of formula (I) described herein, in any of its embodiments and alternatives, and of the compositions comprising it, in medicine. It should be understood from the present invention that any of these uses in the field of medicine also refer, and analogously, to a compound of general formula (I) as described herein for use in medicine, as well as to a method, such as It can be of administration, of the compound for the prevention and treatment of diseases. It also includes this Invention the use of a compound of general formula (I) to prepare a composition for use in medicine, in any of the cases to be discussed. For these uses the compounds of general formula (I) can be used alone or encapsulated in cyclodextrins which improves their stability, their solubility in water and their bioavailability.
- said compound and said compositions are used for the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions that occur (ie, in which they take place or are related to) an oxidative process.
- said compound and said compositions are used for the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions related to the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2; In this case, an oxidative process like the one mentioned above can be given at the same time.
- said compound and said compositions are used in the prevention and treatment of cancer, more preferably of the cancer selected from the group consisting of breast, skin, gastrointestinal, respiratory, colon, stomach, esophageal, and lung, oral cavity, pharynx, endometrium and pancreas. More preferably, it is used to prevent and treat pancreatic, colon and / or gastric cancer caused by Helicobacter pylori.
- compositions comprising it are used for the prevention and treatment of atopic diseases, more preferably of a disease selected within the group consisting of atopic rhinitis, with untivitis, dermatitis and asthma.
- said compound and said compositions are used as antimicrobial, preferably bacteria selected from the group consisting of gram positive, gram negative and yeast bacteria.
- said compound and said compositions are used as a pharmaceutical composition selected from a diuretic, laxative, anti-anemic, protective composition against age-related macular degeneration, protective against respiratory inflammation caused by asthma, protective against rhinitis allergic, protective against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and protective against Parkinson's disease and degeneration caused by ROS ⁇ Reactive Oxygen Species).
- the present invention relates to the use of these compounds of general formula (I) and the compositions comprising them in the prevention and treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cerebral thrombosis, obesity, diverticulosis and cataracts
- a disease selected from the group consisting of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cerebral thrombosis, obesity, diverticulosis and cataracts
- they are able to reduce the risk of heart disease, preferably in patients with diabetes, and contribute to the proper functioning of the immune system.
- Figure 3 Representative graph of mRNA relative expression values for analogs 15S S , 15R S and 16R Sf compared to Sigma-Aldrich® sulforaphane and sulforaphane synthesized in the inventors' research group, in a PCR test in real time for the detoxification enzymes glutamate cysteine ligase (catalytic subunit) (GCLC), glutamate cysteine ligase (regulatory subunit) (GCLM) and quinone oxidoreductase (NQOl).
- GCLC catalytic subunit
- GCLM glutamate cysteine ligase
- NQOl quinone oxidoreductase
- Figure 4 Representative graph of the relative expression values of luciferase activity for three different concentrations (50nM, 0.5 and 5.0M) of analogs 15S S , 15R S and 16R S , compared to sulforaphane Sigma-Aldrich® and sulforaphane synthesized in our research group, in a luciferase test.
- the t-test indicates whether two values have a statistically significant difference.
- a value of p greater than 0.05 is not considered statistically significant and is not represented by any symbol, a value of p less than 0.05 indicates statistical significance and is indicated by an asterisk (*), progressively if p is less that 0.01 is represented by two asterisks and with three if it is less than 0.001.
- Example 1 Procedure for obtaining compounds of formula (V) by selective transformation of one of the two hydroxyl groups into a good leaving group, subsequent formation of the monoazide and final transformation of the second hydroxyl into a good leaving group.
- 8-azido-3, 6-dioxaoctyl methanesulfonate (6) It is prepared following the general procedure from 8-azido-3, 6-dioxaoctyl-l-ol 4 (4.5 g, 25.69 mmol) and NEt3 (4.30 mL, 30.83 mmol) in THF ( 25 mL) adding methanesulfonyl chloride (2.98 mL, 38.54 mmol) drop by drop. 6 is obtained as a yellowish liquid with quantitative yield (92%).
- Example 2 Procedure for obtaining compounds of formula (V) by one-step trans ormation of the two hydroxyl groups into good leaving groups, and subsequent formation of the monoazide.
- Example 5 Diastereoselective synthesis procedure of DAG sulphates of S configuration in sulfur.
- Luciferase test (Gould S.J .; Subramani S. Anal. Biochem. 1998, 1, 5-13). It is a recombinant method that is used to indirectly measure the transcriptional activity of a gene by measuring the light emitted by luciferin in the presence of ATP. So we can directly relate the emitted light to the operation of the transcription factor Nrf2.
- HaCaT cells immortal human keratinocyte cells
- the transfection mixture Once the transfection mixture has been added to the cells, after 24 hours they are incubated with fresh culture medium containing different concentrations of sulforaphane and its analogues (50nm, 0.5 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 50 ⁇ , 500 ⁇ ) or DMSO as a negative control.
- luciferase activity is determined with the MicroLumatPlus LB96V (EG&G Berthold) luminometer expressing the results as X-fold activation compared to DMSO treated cells. The results correlate with the activity of the transcription factor Nrf2 ( Figure 3). The concentrations of 50 and 500 ⁇ were toxic to the cells (data not included in the figure).
- Example 10 Encapsulation of the compounds of general formula (I) in cyclodextrins (CD). Study of stability, water solubility and bioavailability.
- the preparation of the inclusion complexes has been carried out by a physical mixture between host and host, and both the confirmation of the formation of the complex and its stoichiometry, association constant (K as ) and the degree of degradation has been determined by NMR spectroscopy.
- association constants of the complex formed by the inclusion of compound 16-R S in a- Cyclodextrins (16-i3 ⁇ 4-aCD) have been carried out using 1 H NMR titration experiments in D 2 O.
- the association constants (K as , ⁇ 1 ) at 298 K have been determined experimentally by measuring changes in displacement chemical ( ⁇ , ppm) of the 1 H NMR signals using fixed solutions of the analogs against increasing concentrations of the CDs.
- a 4.16 mM solution of the analog in D 2 O was prepared, a 500 ⁇ aliquot was transferred to the NMR tube and the initial spectrum was recorded.
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CN201380013103.5A CN104284885B (zh) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-03-06 | 莱菔硫烷衍生的化合物、其制备方法及其医疗、食品和化妆品用途 |
US14/383,780 US9884816B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-03-06 | Sulforaphane-derived compounds, production method thereof and the medical, food and cosmetic use of same |
JP2014560416A JP6181087B2 (ja) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-03-06 | スルホラファン由来化合物、それの製造方法並びにそれの医療、食品及び化粧品での使用 |
EP13757087.5A EP2842940B1 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-03-06 | Sulforaphane-derived compounds, production method thereof and the medical, food and cosmetic use of same |
AU2013229355A AU2013229355B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-03-06 | Sulforaphane-derived compounds, production method thereof and the medical, food and cosmetic use of same |
CA2866740A CA2866740C (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2013-03-06 | Sulphoraphane-derived compounds, production method thereof and the medical, food and cosmetic use of same |
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ES201230356A ES2425294B1 (es) | 2012-03-09 | 2012-03-09 | Compuestos derivados de sulforafano, método de obtención y su uso médico, alimenticio y cosmético |
ESP201230356 | 2012-03-09 |
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CA3037803A1 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-21 | Bracco Imaging Spa | Dimeric contrast agents |
CN108689898B (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2020-03-24 | 深圳福山生物科技有限公司 | 一种含硒化合物及其用途 |
WO2018207385A1 (ja) | 2017-05-09 | 2018-11-15 | シャープ株式会社 | 放電装置および電気機器 |
CN114748464A (zh) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-15 | 赣州华汉生物科技有限公司 | 一种萝卜硫素在制备治疗鼻炎的药物中的应用 |
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JP2006301959A (ja) | 2005-04-20 | 2006-11-02 | Just Syst Corp | 文書処理装置、文書処理方法、文書処理プログラムおよびコンピュータに読み取り可能な記録媒体 |
JP2008115133A (ja) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-22 | Kinjirushi Kk | アトピー性疾患抑制組成物 |
WO2008091608A1 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-31 | Pharmagra Labs, Inc. | Stabilized sulforaphane |
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US2847441A (en) * | 1955-04-15 | 1958-08-12 | Rohm & Haas | Aliphatic poly (oxymethylisothiocyanates) and methods for making them |
US3198821A (en) * | 1962-04-27 | 1965-08-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Aryl |
US5411986A (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1995-05-02 | The Johns Hopkins University | Chemoprotective isothiocyanates |
JP2000178108A (ja) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-06-27 | Rengo Co Ltd | イソチオシアネート系抗菌剤 |
US8859798B2 (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2014-10-14 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Isothiocyanate compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and uses thereof |
CN102249968B (zh) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-07-17 | 常州大学 | 萝卜硫素的合成方法 |
CN102423492A (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-04-25 | 肖广惠 | 一种莱菔硫烷的包合物及其制备方法 |
CN102775336B (zh) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-01-08 | 常州大学 | 萝卜硫素衍生物及其制备方法和用途 |
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JP2006301959A (ja) | 2005-04-20 | 2006-11-02 | Just Syst Corp | 文書処理装置、文書処理方法、文書処理プログラムおよびコンピュータに読み取り可能な記録媒体 |
JP2008115133A (ja) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-22 | Kinjirushi Kk | アトピー性疾患抑制組成物 |
WO2008091608A1 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-31 | Pharmagra Labs, Inc. | Stabilized sulforaphane |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2866740C (en) | 2021-07-13 |
AU2013229355A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
ES2425294B1 (es) | 2014-09-02 |
EP2842940A4 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
CN104284885B (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
EP2842940B1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
US9884816B2 (en) | 2018-02-06 |
US20150110863A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
CA2866740A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
AU2013229355B2 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
ES2425294A1 (es) | 2013-10-14 |
JP6181087B2 (ja) | 2017-08-16 |
CN104284885A (zh) | 2015-01-14 |
JP2015514688A (ja) | 2015-05-21 |
EP2842940A1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
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