WO2013121552A1 - 透光性硬質薄膜 - Google Patents
透光性硬質薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013121552A1 WO2013121552A1 PCT/JP2012/053638 JP2012053638W WO2013121552A1 WO 2013121552 A1 WO2013121552 A1 WO 2013121552A1 JP 2012053638 W JP2012053638 W JP 2012053638W WO 2013121552 A1 WO2013121552 A1 WO 2013121552A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0635—Carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3429—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating
- C03C17/3441—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating comprising carbon, a carbide or oxycarbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
- C23C14/0036—Reactive sputtering
- C23C14/0073—Reactive sputtering by exposing the substrates to reactive gases intermittently
- C23C14/0078—Reactive sputtering by exposing the substrates to reactive gases intermittently by moving the substrates between spatially separate sputtering and reaction stations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/10—Glass or silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
- C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/78—Coatings specially designed to be durable, e.g. scratch-resistant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
- Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
Definitions
- the present invention particularly relates to a light-transmitting hard thin film formed on the surface of a substrate made of glass or the like that is transparent and requires high film strength.
- Patent Document 1 A technique for forming an abrasion-resistant film made of a mixture of silicon compounds (Si 3 N 4 , SiC and SiO 2 ) on the surface of a substrate (metal, porcelain, plastic, etc.) is known (Patent Document 1).
- the abrasion-resistant film formed on the substrate surface in Patent Document 1 has a low transmittance and could not be used for applications requiring transparency.
- a translucent hard thin film having high transmittance and film strength is provided.
- the present invention is a translucent hard thin film formed on the surface of a substrate, and is composed of a laminated film having a superlattice structure in which a plurality of SiO 2 layers and SiC layers are alternately laminated.
- a translucent hard thin film having a thickness of SiO 2 layer: 5 nm to 30 nm, a SiC layer: 30% to 60% of the SiO 2 layer, and a total film thickness of 3000 nm or more is provided.
- the SiC layer is preferably formed on the surface of the substrate or the already formed SiO 2 layer by the following method.
- a reaction process area and a plurality of film formation process areas are spatially separated from each other in a single vacuum vessel, and film formation is configured such that processing in each area can be controlled independently.
- a method for forming a thin film on a moving substrate using an apparatus (radical assisted sputtering apparatus), and a plurality of targets having different materials in each film forming process region under an inert gas atmosphere After sputtering an intermediate thin film containing silicon and carbon, plasma generated in an atmosphere of a mixed gas of an inert gas and hydrogen with respect to the intermediate thin film in the reaction process region Is exposed (or brought into contact), converted into an ultrathin film, and thereafter, the formation of the intermediate thin film and the film conversion into the ultrathin film are repeated for the ultrathin film.
- an optical substrate in which the translucent hard thin film of the present invention is formed on a substrate made of glass. Since this optical substrate has the translucent hard thin film of the present invention, the transmittance at a wavelength of 650 nm to 700 nm is 70% or more, the Vickers hardness on the thin film side is 1500 or more, and the dynamic friction coefficient is 0.5 or less. Is granted.
- the translucent hard thin film according to the present invention is composed of a laminated film having a superlattice structure in which SiO 2 layers and SiC layers having a specific thickness are alternately laminated, the transmittance and the film strength can be increased. Since the thin film according to the present invention has high transmittance and film strength, it is effective, for example, as a window material for a sandblasting apparatus, and is extremely useful for use in optical applications that require other transmittance and film strength.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a translucent hard thin film according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a film forming apparatus for realizing the RAS method.
- 3 is a partial longitudinal sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.
- ⁇ 100 ... optical substrate, 102 ... layered film (translucent hard thin film), 104 ... SiO 2 layer, 106 ... SiC layer, S ... substrate, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Film-forming apparatus (sputtering apparatus), 11 ... Vacuum container, 13 ... Substrate holder, 12, 14, 16 ... Partition wall, 20, 40 ... deposition process region, sputtering source (21a, 21b, 41a, 41b ... magnetron sputtering electrode, 23, 43 ... AC power supply, 24, 44 ... transformer, 29a, 29b, 49a, 49b ... target), for sputtering Gas supply means (26, 46 ... gas cylinder for sputtering, 25, 45 ...
- sputtering source 21a, 21b, 41a, 41b ... magnetron sputtering electrode, 23, 43 ... AC power supply, 24, 44 ... transformer, 29a, 29b, 49a, 49b ... target
- reaction process area 60 ... reaction process area, 80 ... plasma source (81 ... case body, 83 ... dielectric plate, 85a, 85b ... antenna, 87 ... matching box, 89 ... high frequency power supply), gas supply means for reaction treatment (68 ... reaction treatment) Gas cylinder, 67 ... mass flow controller).
- the optical substrate 100 of this example has a substrate S for imparting translucency and film strength, and the surface of the substrate S is covered with a translucent and hard laminated film 102. It is.
- the material constituting the substrate S examples include crystals (quartz, lithium niobate, sapphire, etc.), glass (BK7, quartz, low melting point glass, etc.), plastics, and the like.
- the effect of the present invention is easily exhibited particularly when the substrate S is made of glass (6H to 7H) or plastic which is a relatively soft material.
- the numbers in parentheses are pencil hardness values measured by a method according to JIS-K5600-5-4.
- the laminated film 102 as an example of the translucent hard thin film according to the present invention has a superlattice structure in which a plurality of SiO 2 layers 104 and SiC layers 106 are alternately laminated, and has an overall film thickness of 5000 nm or more, preferably 7000 nm or more.
- the total film thickness is set to 5000 nm or more, even when the substrate S is made of a relatively soft material such as glass, sufficient film strength can be imparted.
- the substrate S is made of a high-hardness material such as sapphire, sufficient film strength can be obtained in the same manner as described above even if the laminated film 102 is formed as thin as about 2000 nm, but the sapphire material is expensive.
- the “super lattice structure” refers to a configuration in which different materials are controlled by a nano-unit thickness and stacked.
- the thickness of each of the layers 104 and 106 constituting the laminated film 102 is as follows.
- the SiO 2 layer 104 is 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more per layer, and is 30 nm or less, preferably 25 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less. If the thickness of the SiO 2 layer 104 is too thin, the superlattice structure may not be configured. If it is too thick, the Vickers hardness can be lowered.
- the SiC layer 106 is 30% or more, preferably 40% or more, more preferably 45% or more, and 60% or less, preferably 55% or less, more preferably the thickness of the SiO 2 layer 104 per layer. 50% or less.
- the number of layers 104 and 106 constituting the laminated film 102 varies depending on the total thickness of the laminated film 102 to be set and the film thickness of each layer 104 and 106.
- the total thickness of the laminated film 102 is 7000 nm.
- the thickness of the SiO 2 layer 104 is set to about 5 to 30 nm
- the thickness of the SiC layer 106 is set to about 1.5 to 19 nm
- the layers 104 and 106 are alternately and repeatedly stacked about 300 to 800 layers, respectively. It is preferable to form the film 102.
- the laminated film 102 of this example has high transmittance and film strength. Specifically, with the laminated film 102 on the substrate S, the transmittance at a wavelength of 650 nm to 700 nm is 70% or more, preferably 75% or more, and the Vickers hardness HV on the thin film side is 1500 or more, preferably Is 1700 or more, more preferably 1800 or more. Further, the dynamic friction coefficient ⁇ k can be set to 0.5 or less.
- the optical substrate 100 in which the laminated film 102 is formed on the substrate S can be used, for example, as a window material of a sandblast apparatus.
- Vickers hardness HV is one type of indentation hardness, and is generally used as one of numerical values representing the hardness of an object.
- the measuring method uses a regular square pyramid of diamond having a face angle of 136 ° as an indenter, and obtains the length of the diagonal line of the square recess generated when the indenter is pushed into the sample with a constant load.
- the surface area of the dent is obtained from the length of the diagonal line, and a value obtained by dividing the load by the surface area is obtained as the Vickers hardness. This Vickers hardness is expressed only by a numerical value without a unit.
- the layers 104 and 106 can be formed on the substrate S by, for example, radical assisted sputtering (RAS).
- RAS radical assisted sputtering
- the SiC layer 106 is formed, as will be described later, sufficient transmittance and film strength are imparted to the laminated film 102 finally obtained by forming the film while introducing hydrogen into the film formation atmosphere. be able to.
- a film forming apparatus 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “sputtering apparatus 1”) as an example capable of realizing the RAS method includes a vacuum container 11 that is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped hollow body. Have. An exhaust pipe 15 a is connected to the vacuum container 11, and a vacuum pump 15 for exhausting the inside of the container 11 is connected to this pipe.
- the vacuum pump 15 is composed of, for example, a rotary pump or a turbo molecular pump (TMP).
- TMP turbo molecular pump
- a substrate holder 13 is disposed in the vacuum vessel 11.
- the substrate holder 13 is formed of a cylindrical member that can hold the substrate S as a film formation target in the vacuum vessel 11 on the outer peripheral surface thereof.
- the substrate holder 13 of this example is disposed in the vacuum container 11 so that the rotation axis Z extending in the cylindrical direction is directed in the vertical direction (Y direction) of the vacuum container 11.
- the substrate holder 13 rotates about the axis Z by driving the motor 17.
- two sputtering sources and one plasma source 80 are disposed around the substrate holder 13 disposed in the vacuum vessel 11.
- the film formation process regions 20 and 40 are formed on the front surface of each sputtering source.
- Each region 20, 40 is surrounded on all sides by partition walls 12, 14 projecting from the inner wall surface of the vacuum vessel 11 toward the substrate holder 13, so that each can secure an independent space inside the vacuum vessel 11. It is divided into.
- a reaction process region 60 is formed on the front surface of the plasma source 80.
- the region 60 is surrounded on all sides by a partition wall 16 that protrudes from the inner wall surface of the vacuum vessel 11 toward the substrate holder 13, so that the region 60 is also inside the vacuum vessel 11.
- a space independent of the areas 20 and 40 is secured.
- the processing in each of the regions 20, 40, 60 is configured to be independently controllable.
- Each sputtering source in this example is configured as a dual cathode type including two magnetron sputtering electrodes 21a and 21b (or 41a and 41b).
- targets 29a and 29b (or 49a and 49b) are detachably held on the one end side surfaces of the electrodes 21a and 21b (or 41a and 41b), respectively.
- the other end of each electrode 21a, 21b (or 41a, 41b) is connected to an AC power source 23 (or 43) as power supply means via a transformer 24 (or 44) as power control means for adjusting the amount of power.
- an AC voltage of, for example, about 1 k to 100 kHz is applied to each of the electrodes 21a and 21b (or 41a and 41b).
- the sputtering gas supply means of this example includes a gas cylinder 26 (or 46) for storing the sputtering gas and a mass flow controller 25 (or 45) for adjusting the flow rate of the sputtering gas supplied from the cylinder 26 (or 46).
- the mass flow controller 25 (or 45) is a device that adjusts the flow rate of the sputtering gas.
- the sputtering gas from the cylinder 26 (or 46) is introduced into the region 20 (or 40) with the flow rate adjusted by the mass flow controller 25 (or 45).
- the plasma source 80 of this example includes a case body 81 fixed so as to close an opening formed on the wall surface of the vacuum vessel 11 and a dielectric plate 83 fixed to the case body 81.
- the dielectric plate 83 is fixed to the case body 81 so that an antenna housing chamber is formed in a region surrounded by the case body 81 and the dielectric plate 83.
- the antenna accommodating chamber communicates with the vacuum pump 15 via the pipe 15a, and by evacuating with the vacuum pump 15, the inside of the antenna accommodating chamber can be exhausted to be in a vacuum state.
- the plasma source 80 also includes antennas 85a and 85b in addition to the case body 81 and the dielectric plate 83.
- the antennas 85a and 85b are connected to a high frequency power supply 89 through a matching box 87 that accommodates a matching circuit.
- the antennas 85 a and 85 b are supplied with electric power from the high frequency power supply 89, generate an induction electric field inside the vacuum container 11 (region 60), and generate plasma in the region 60.
- an AC voltage having a frequency of 1 to 27 MHz is applied from the high frequency power supply 89 to the antennas 85a and 85b, and plasma of a reaction processing gas is generated in the region 60.
- a variable capacitor is provided in the matching box 87 so that the power supplied from the high frequency power supply 89 to the antennas 85a and 85b can be changed.
- a reaction processing gas supply means is connected to the plasma source 80.
- the reaction processing gas supply means of this example includes a gas cylinder 68 that stores the reaction processing gas, and a mass flow controller 67 that adjusts the flow rate of the reaction processing gas supplied from the cylinder 68.
- the reaction processing gas is introduced into the region 60 through a pipe.
- the mass flow controller 67 is a device that adjusts the flow rate of the reaction processing gas.
- the reaction processing gas from the cylinder 68 is introduced into the region 60 with the flow rate adjusted by the mass flow controller 67.
- the reaction processing gas supply means is not limited to the above-described configuration (that is, a configuration including one cylinder and one mass flow controller), and includes a configuration including a plurality of cylinders and a mass flow controller (this example to be described later). Further, it is also possible to adopt a configuration including three gas cylinders that store inert gas, oxygen, and hydrogen separately, and three mass flow controllers that adjust the flow rate of each gas supplied from each cylinder.
- targets 29a and 29b are set on the electrodes 21a and 21b (or 41a and 41b).
- the substrate S as a film formation target is set on the substrate holder 13 outside the vacuum container 11 and accommodated in the load lock chamber of the vacuum container 11.
- a plurality of substrates S are intermittently arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the substrate holder 13 along the rotation direction (lateral direction) of the substrate holder 13 and are parallel to the axis Z of the substrate holder 13 (vertical direction, Y direction). Are arranged intermittently along.
- the targets 29a and 29b are obtained by forming a film raw material into a flat plate shape, the longitudinal direction of which is parallel to the rotation axis Z of the substrate holder 13, and the plane in the parallel direction is the substrate holder. 13 is held on the surface of each electrode 21a, 21b (or 41a, 41b) so as to oppose the side surface of 13.
- the targets 29a and 29b are made of silicon (Si)
- the targets 49a and 49b are made of carbon (C).
- SiC silicon carbide
- the silicon carbide target for example, one obtained by the following method can be used. First, a SiC slurry prepared by adding a dispersant, a binder (for example, an organic binder), and water and stirring to silicon carbide powder is molded (for example, cast molding, press molding, extrusion molding, etc.) to form a molded body. obtain. Next, the obtained molded body is fired and sintered at a temperature of about 1450 to 2300 ° C.
- the obtained sintered body is impregnated with molten Si at about 1450 to 2200 ° C. (preferably 1500 to 2200 ° C., more preferably 1500 to 1800 ° C.) in a vacuum or a reduced pressure non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- the pores of the sintered body are filled with Si.
- a SiC target having a density of 3 g / cm 3 or more thus obtained can be used. With such a high-density and uniform SiC target, stable discharge can be performed with high input during sputtering film formation, which can contribute to an increase in film formation speed.
- the inside of the vacuum vessel 11 is sealed with the door between the load lock chamber and the vacuum vessel 11 being used.
- the inside is brought to a high vacuum state of about 10 ⁇ 5 to 0.1 Pa.
- the valve is opened and the antenna accommodating chamber of the plasma source 80 is exhausted at the same time.
- the driving of the motor 17 is started, and the substrate holder 13 is rotated about the axis Z. Then, the substrate S held on the outer peripheral surface of the substrate holder 13 revolves around the axis Z that is the rotation axis of the substrate holder 13, and between the position facing the regions 20 and 40 and the position facing the region 60. Move repeatedly.
- the rotation speed of the substrate holder 13 may be 10 rpm or more, but is preferably 50 rpm or more, more preferably 80 rpm or more.
- the upper limit of the rotation speed of the substrate holder 13 is, for example, about 150 rpm, preferably 100 rpm.
- the SiO 2 layer 104 thin film made of silicon oxide
- the sputtering process performed in the region 20 and the plasma exposure process performed in the region 60 are sequentially repeated.
- an intermediate thin film is formed on the surface of the substrate S or the SiC layer 106 already formed by the sputtering process in the region 20, and the intermediate thin film is converted into a super thin film by the plasma exposure process in the subsequent region 60. It is said.
- the next ultrathin film is deposited on the ultrathin film, and this operation is repeated until the SiO 2 layer 104 finally reaches a predetermined film thickness. It is.
- the “intermediate thin film” is a thin film formed by passing through the region 20.
- the processing in the region 40 is also started, and the sputtering processing performed in the two continuous regions 20 and 40 and the plasma exposure processing performed in the region 60 are performed. Repeat sequentially.
- an intermediate thin film is formed on the surface of the substrate S or the already formed SiO 2 layer 104 by two successive sputtering processes in the regions 20 and 40, and this intermediate thin film is formed in the subsequent plasma exposure process in the region 60. Is converted into an ultra-thin film.
- the next ultrathin film is deposited on the ultrathin film, and this operation is finally performed until the SiC layer 106 reaches a predetermined film thickness. Repeated.
- the “intermediate thin film” is a thin film formed by passing through both the region 20 and the region 40.
- ultra-thin film means that an ultra-thin film is deposited multiple times to form a final thin film (thin film having a target film thickness), so that confusion with this final “thin film” is prevented. Is used in the sense of being sufficiently thinner than the final “thin film”.
- the formation of the SiO 2 layer 104 and the SiC layer 106 described later are repeated as many times as necessary, whereby the laminated film 102 having a periodic structure composed of the SiO 2 layer 104 and the SiC layer 106 is formed as a substrate. It can be coated on S.
- the pressure in the region 20 is adjusted to 0.05 to 0.2 Pa, for example, and then a sputtering gas with a predetermined flow rate is supplied from the gas cylinder 26 via the mass flow controller 25. 20 is introduced.
- an inert gas is used alone as a sputtering gas, and no reactive gas such as nitrogen or oxygen is used in combination. Therefore, the deposition rate does not decrease as compared with the reactive sputtering method in which such reactive gases are introduced simultaneously.
- the introduction flow rate of the inert gas in this example is, for example, about 100 to 600 sccm, preferably about 400 to 550 sccm, and is introduced at a flow rate that is higher than normal conditions.
- the periphery of the targets 29a and 29b becomes an inert gas atmosphere. In this state, an AC voltage is applied from the AC power source 23 to the electrodes 21a and 21b via the transformer 22 so that an alternating electric field is applied to the targets 29a and 29b.
- the sputtering power density with respect to the targets 29a and 29b is preferably 7.0 W / cm 2 or more, more preferably 8.0 W / cm 2 or more, and preferably 10.0 W / cm 2 or less. More preferably, power (sputtering power) is supplied so as to be 9.0 W / cm 2 or less.
- Power density means power (W) supplied per unit area (cm 2 ) of the targets 29a, 29b (or 49a, 49b) (the same applies hereinafter).
- the target 29a becomes a cathode (negative pole) at a certain point in time, and at that time, the target 29b always becomes an anode (positive pole).
- the target 29b becomes the cathode (minus pole) and the target 29a becomes the anode (plus pole).
- the pair of targets 29a and 29b alternately become an anode and a cathode, so that a part of the sputtering gas (inert gas) around each target 29a and 29b emits electrons and is ionized.
- a leakage magnetic field is formed on the surfaces of the targets 29a and 29b by the magnets disposed on the electrodes 21a and 21b, so that the electrons draw a toroidal curve in the magnetic field generated near the surfaces of the targets 29a and 29b. Go around. Strong plasma is generated along the trajectory of the electrons, and ions of the sputtering gas in the plasma are accelerated toward the target in the negative potential state (cathode side) and collide with the targets 29a and 29b. Atoms and particles (Si atoms and Si particles) on the surfaces of 29a and 29b are knocked out (sputtering).
- These atoms and particles are film raw material which is a raw material of the thin film, which adheres to the surface of the substrate S or the SiC layer 106 already formed, and forms an intermediate thin film.
- the above is the sputtering of the silicon target in the region 20.
- the operation of the region 60 is started together with the operation of the region 20. Specifically, a predetermined amount of reaction processing gas is introduced into the region 60 from the gas cylinder 68 via the mass flow controller 67, and the surroundings of the antennas 85a and 85b are set to a predetermined gas atmosphere.
- the pressure in the region 60 is maintained at 0.07 to 1 Pa, for example. Further, at least during the generation of plasma in the region 60, the internal pressure of the antenna housing chamber is maintained at 0.001 Pa or less.
- a voltage of 100 k to 50 MHz (preferably 1 M to 27 MHz) is applied to the antennas 85 a and 85 b from the high frequency power supply 89 with the reaction processing gas introduced from the cylinder 68, the antennas 85 a and 85 b in the region 60 are applied to the antennas 85 a and 85 b. Plasma is generated in the facing area.
- the power (plasma processing power) supplied from the high-frequency power source 89 is, for example, 3 kW or more, preferably 4 kW or more, more preferably 4.5 kW or more.
- Is made of a resin material for example, a small power of 1 kW or less, preferably 0.8 kW or less, more preferably 0.5 kW or less can be obtained.
- the SiO 2 layer 104 oxygen is used as a reaction processing gas. As a result, the generated oxygen gas plasma is guided to the region 60. Then, when the substrate holder 13 rotates and the substrate S is introduced into the region 60, the intermediate thin film formed on the surface of the substrate S or the SiC layer 106 already formed in the region 20 is subjected to plasma exposure treatment, and has a desired composition. The film is converted into incomplete silicon oxide (SiO x2 (x1 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 2)) or silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) to form an ultrathin film. The above is the plasma exposure to the intermediate thin film in the region 60.
- the sputtering and plasma exposure are repeated until the ultrathin film formed on the surface of the substrate S or the already formed SiC layer 106 has a predetermined film thickness, and is made of silicon oxide having a target film thickness.
- a thin film SiO 2 layer 1064 is generated.
- Use inert gas alone as sputtering gas is, for example, about 100 to 600 sccm, preferably about 150 to 500 sccm.
- An inert gas atmosphere is set around the targets 29a and 29b, and an AC voltage is applied from the AC power source 23 to the electrodes 21a and 21b via the transformer 22 so that an alternating electric field is applied to the targets 29a and 29b. .
- the target 29a with respect to 29 b, the sputtering power density of 1.2 W / cm 2 or more, preferably 1.4 W / cm 2 or more, and particularly preferably an at 1.5 W / cm 2 or more, 5. 0 W / cm 2 or less, preferably 3.5 W / cm 2 or less, particularly preferably supplies sputtering power so that the 3.0 W / cm 2 or less.
- the pair of targets 29a and 29b By supplying electric power to the targets 29a and 29b, as described above, the pair of targets 29a and 29b alternately become an anode and a cathode. As a result, part of the sputtering gas (inert gas) around the targets 29a and 29b emits electrons and is ionized. The emitted electrons circulate in a leakage magnetic field generated near the surface of each target 29a, 29b while drawing a toroidal curve. Strong plasma is generated along the trajectory of the electrons, and ions of the sputtering gas in the plasma are accelerated toward the target in the negative potential state (cathode side) and collide with the targets 29a and 29b.
- Atoms and particles (Si atoms and Si particles) on the surfaces of 29a and 29b are knocked out (sputtering). These atoms and particles are film raw material that is a raw material of the thin film, and adhere to the surface of the substrate S or the already formed SiO 2 layer 104. The above is the sputtering of the silicon target in the region 20.
- the region 40 is operated together with the operation of the region 20 (supply of sputtering gas, supply of electric power from the AC power supply 23). Specifically, the pressure in the region 40 is adjusted to, for example, 0.05 to 0.2 Pa, and then a sputtering gas having a predetermined flow rate is introduced into the region 40 from the gas cylinder 46 via the mass flow controller 45.
- an inert gas is used alone as the sputtering gas, and the flow rate of the inert gas is, for example, about 100 to 600 sccm, preferably about 150 to 500. Then, the surroundings of the targets 49a and 49b are similarly in an inert gas atmosphere. In this state, an AC voltage is applied from the AC power supply 43 to the electrodes 41a and 41b via the transformer 42 so that an alternating electric field is applied to the targets 49a and 49b.
- the power density for sputtering the targets 29a and 29b with respect to the targets 49a and 49b is predetermined times (for example, 2 to 5 times, preferably 2.3 to 4.5 times, particularly preferably 2.5 times). It is preferable to supply power with a sputtering power density of about 4 times. By doing so, it is possible to efficiently form a thin film (SiC layer 106) made of silicon carbide having high transmittance and film strength. As a result, the transmittance and film strength of the final laminated film 102 are also improved.
- the targets 29a and 29b may be made of silicon (Si), and the targets 49a and 49b may be made of silicon carbide (SiC).
- the power density for sputtering the targets 29a and 29b with respect to the targets 49a and 49b is a predetermined multiple (for example, 2 to 3 times, preferably 2.3 to 2.8 times, particularly preferably about 2.5 times). It is possible to supply electric power at the sputtering power density.
- the power density for the targets 49a and 49b is 3.0 to 4.0 W / cm 2 (preferably 3.3 to 3.7 W / cm 2 , particularly preferably 3. for 5W / cm 2 before and after), for example, 7.5 ⁇ 10W / cm 2, preferably 8.2 ⁇ 9.3W / cm 2, particularly preferably, to 8.8 W / cm 2 before and after.
- the target 49a becomes a cathode at a certain point in time, and the target 49b always becomes an anode. If the direction of the alternating current changes at the next time point, the target 49b becomes the cathode and the target 49a becomes the anode. In this way, the pair of targets 49a and 49b alternately become an anode and a cathode, so that a part of the sputtering gas (inert gas) around each target 49a and 49b emits electrons and is ionized.
- the sputtering gas inert gas
- a leakage magnetic field is formed on the surfaces of the targets 49a and 49b by the magnets arranged on the electrodes 41a and 41b, so that the electrons draw a toroidal curve in the magnetic field generated near the surfaces of the targets 49a and 49b. Go around.
- a strong plasma is generated along the trajectory of the electrons, and ions of the sputtering gas in the plasma are accelerated toward the target in the negative potential state (cathode side) and collide with the targets 49a and 49b.
- Atoms and particles (C atoms, C particles, etc.) on the surfaces of 49a and 49b are knocked out.
- These atoms and particles are film raw material that is a raw material of the thin film, and in this example, they adhere to the Si atoms and Si particles already attached on the substrate S or the already formed SiO 2 layer 104. Then, an intermediate thin film is formed.
- the above is the sputtering of the carbon target (or silicon carbide target) in the region 40. It is assumed that the intermediate thin film here is composed of a mixture of each element (Si atom or Si particle and C atom or C particle) and is not in a strong chemical bonding state.
- the operation of the region 60 is also started in the same manner as in the case of forming the SiO 2 layer 104.
- the SiC layer 106 it is preferable to use a mixed gas of an inert gas and hydrogen as a reaction processing gas.
- a mixed gas of an inert gas and hydrogen as a reaction processing gas.
- hydrogen molecule (H 2 ) ions (H 2 + ) and / or active species of hydrogen are present, and these are guided to the region 60.
- the substrate holder 13 is rotated and the substrate S is introduced into the region 60, the substrate 20 is composed of a mixture of Si and C formed on the surface of the substrate S or the already formed SiO 2 layer 104 in the regions 20 and 40.
- the intermediate thin film is subjected to plasma exposure treatment, and is converted into a compound of Si and C in a chemically strong bonding state to form an ultra thin film.
- the above is the plasma exposure to the intermediate thin film in the region 60.
- the above-described sputtering and plasma exposure treatment are repeated until the ultrathin film formed on the surface of the substrate S or the already formed SiO 2 layer 104 has a predetermined film thickness, A thin film (SiC layer 106) made of silicon carbide is generated.
- the present inventors contacted the intermediate thin film with plasma generated in an atmosphere of a mixed gas of inert gas and hydrogen, converted the film into an ultra thin film, and then stacked the ultra thin film to a predetermined thickness.
- a thin film made of silicon carbide having high transmittance and film strength can be formed, and as a result, the fact that it contributes to the improvement of the transmittance and film strength of the final laminated film 102 has been found by experiments.
- a thin film made of silicon carbide having excellent film quality is obtained, and as a result, the reason for contributing to the improvement of the transmittance and film strength of the final laminated film 102 is not necessarily clear.
- the deposition of the intermediate thin film and the exposure to the plasma are made independent in time, and the point of repeating this periodically is the usual continuous film formation (vacuum evaporation method etc.)
- the configuration is significantly different.
- the deposited intermediate thin film is exposed to specific plasma generated in a mixed gas atmosphere containing hydrogen as an inert gas. I think that by bringing such a specific plasma into contact with the intermediate thin film, when the intermediate thin film is converted into an ultra-thin film, the intermediate thin film is converted into ions (H 2 + ) of hydrogen molecules and hydrogen in the plasma.
- the mixing ratio of the inert gas and hydrogen is preferably 97: 3 to 80:20 (that is, the hydrogen concentration is 3 to 20%), more preferably 97: 3 to 90:10 (hydrogen concentration 3 to 10%), more preferably 97: 3 to 94: 6 (hydrogen concentration 3 to 6%), particularly preferably around 95: 5 (hydrogen concentration around 5%).
- the transmittance of a thin film made of silicon carbide obtained as the hydrogen concentration increases tends to increase, if the concentration becomes too high (for example, exceeding 20%), it may hinder safety management in the manufacturing process.
- the balance between the transmittance and the film strength of the thin film formed of silicon carbide tends to be deteriorated, and the final laminated film 102 may be affected.
- the hydrogen concentration is too low, the transmittance of the resulting thin film made of silicon carbide is lowered, and the final laminated film 102 can be similarly affected.
- the introduction flow rate of the mixed gas is, for example, about 300 to 1000 sccm, preferably about 400 to 600 sccm.
- the introduction flow rate of the mixed gas is small, both the transmittance and film strength of the formed silicon carbide thin film tend to decrease. Conversely, if the flow rate of introduction is too large, there is a safety problem.
- argon helium, etc.
- the inert gas In this example, the case where argon is used as the inert gas is illustrated.
- the stacked film 102 is formed using the sputtering apparatus 1 capable of realizing the radical-assisted sputtering method that performs magnetron sputtering, which is an example of sputtering, is exemplified.
- the present invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to form a film by another sputtering method using a film forming apparatus that performs other well-known sputtering, such as bipolar sputtering without using.
- the atmosphere during sputtering is an inert gas atmosphere in any case.
- Example 1-1 a sapphire substrate
- SiO 2 The film formation of the layer 104 and the film formation of the SiC layer 106 were alternately repeated to obtain each experimental example sample in which the laminated film 102 having a superlattice structure was formed on the substrate S.
- the SiO 2 layer 104 was formed as the first layer and the final layer of the laminated film 102.
- ⁇ Sputtering in region 20 >> ⁇ Sputtering gas: Ar, ⁇ Gas pressure for sputtering: 0.1 Pa -Sputtering gas introduction flow rate: 500 sccm, Targets 29a and 29b: silicon (Si) Sputtering power density: 8.5 W / cm 2 -Frequency of the alternating voltage applied to the electrodes 21a and 21b: 40 kHz.
- Plasma exposure in region 60 >> Reaction reaction gas: O 2 ⁇ Reaction treatment gas introduction flow rate: 200 sccm, Power supplied from the high frequency power supply 89 to the antennas 85a and 85b (plasma processing power): 2 kW The frequency of the alternating voltage applied to the antennas 85a and 85b: 13.56 MHz.
- ⁇ Sputtering in region 20 >> ⁇ Sputtering gas: Ar, ⁇ Gas pressure for sputtering: 0.1 Pa -Sputtering gas introduction flow rate: 150 sccm, Targets 29a and 29b: silicon (Si) Sputtering power density: 1.5 W / cm 2 -Frequency of the alternating voltage applied to the electrodes 21a and 21b: 40 kHz.
- ⁇ Sputtering in region 40 >> ⁇ Sputtering gas: Ar, ⁇ Gas pressure for sputtering: 0.1 Pa -Sputtering gas introduction flow rate: 150 sccm, Target 49a, 49b: carbon (C), Sputtering power density: 4.3 W / cm 2 (Equivalent to about 2.9 times the power density for sputtering the targets 29a and 29b made of silicon (Si)) -Frequency of the alternating voltage applied to the electrodes 41a and 41b: 40 kHz.
- ⁇ Plasma exposure in region 60 >> Reaction reaction gas: Ar + H 2 ⁇ Hydrogen concentration in reaction gas: See Table 1.
- the film thickness of the laminated film 102 is changed by changing the number of repeated laminations of both layers while fixing the film thickness of the SiO 2 layer 104 and the SiC layer 106 per layer, the film thickness of the laminated film 102 is small. Compared with the sample (Experimental Example 1), the usefulness of the samples (Experimental Examples 2 to 5) having a larger film thickness was confirmed.
- the film thickness of the SiC layer 106 is changed after fixing the film thickness of the entire laminated film 102 and the SiO 2 layer 104, the film thickness of the SiC layer 106 per layer is in the range of 30 to 60% of the SiO 2 layer 104.
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Abstract
Description
その方法は、単一の真空容器内で反応プロセス領域と複数の成膜プロセス領域とがそれぞれ空間的に分離して配置され、各領域での処理が独立して制御可能に構成された成膜装置(ラジカルアシストスパッタリング装置)を用い、移動している基体に向けた薄膜の成膜方法であって、不活性ガスの雰囲気の下、各成膜プロセス領域のそれぞれで、材質が異なる複数のターゲットのうちのいずれかをスパッタリングし、珪素と炭素を含む中間薄膜を形成した後、前記反応プロセス領域で、前記中間薄膜に対して、不活性ガスと水素の混合ガスの雰囲気下で発生させたプラズマを曝露し(または接触させ)、超薄膜に膜変換させ、その後、該超薄膜に対して、前記中間薄膜の形成と前記超薄膜への膜変換を繰り返す方法である。
1…成膜装置(スパッタ装置)、11…真空容器、13…基板ホルダ、12,14,16…仕切壁、
20,40…成膜プロセス領域、スパッタ源(21a,21b,41a,41b…マグネトロンスパッタ電極、23,43…交流電源、24,44…トランス、29a,29b,49a,49b…ターゲット)、スパッタ用ガス供給手段(26,46…スパッタ用ガスボンベ、25,45…マスフローコントローラ)、
60…反応プロセス領域、80…プラズマ源(81…ケース体、83…誘電体板、85a,85b…アンテナ、87…マッチングボックス、89…高周波電源)、反応処理用ガス供給手段(68…反応処理用ガスボンベ、67…マスフローコントローラ)。
なお、本例において「超格子構造(Super lattice構造)」とは、異なる材料をナノ単位の膜厚で制御し、積層した構成をいう。
なお、反応処理用ガス供給手段は、上記構成(つまり、1つのボンベと1つのマスフローコントローラを含む構成)に限らず、複数のボンベとマスフローコントローラを含む構成(後述する本例を例に取ると、不活性ガスと酸素と水素を別々に貯蔵する3つのガスボンベと、各ボンベから供給される各ガスの流量を調整する3つのマスフローコントローラを含む構成)とすることもできる。
(1)まず、成膜の前準備をする。具体的には、まず電極21a,21b(又は41a,41b)の上にターゲット29a,29b(又は49a,49b)をセットする。これとともに、真空容器11の外で基板ホルダ13に成膜対象としての基板Sをセットし、真空容器11のロードロック室内に収容する。
真空容器11内の圧力の安定を確認した後、領域20内の圧力を例えば0.05~0.2Paに調整し、その後、マスフローコントローラ25を介してガスボンベ26から所定流量のスパッタ用ガスを領域20に導入する。
SiO2層104の成膜と同様に、真空容器11内の圧力の安定を確認した後、領域20内の圧力を例えば0.05~0.2Paに調整し、その後、マスフローコントローラ25を介してガスボンベ26から所定流量のスパッタ用ガスを領域20に導入する。
図2及び図3に示すスパッタ装置1を用い、基板Sとしてガラス性基板であるBK7(ただし実験例1-1ではサファイア基板)を基板ホルダ13に複数枚セットし、下記の条件で、SiO2層104の成膜と、SiC層106の成膜を交互に繰り返し、超格子構造を有する積層膜102を基板S上に成膜した各実験例サンプルを得た。なお、いずれのサンプルも、積層膜102の一層目と最終層にSiO2層104を成膜した。
・成膜レート:0.4nm/sec、
・基板温度:室温。
・スパッタ用ガス:Ar、
・スパッタ用ガス圧:0.1Pa、
・スパッタ用ガスの導入流量:500sccm、
・ターゲット29a,29b:珪素(Si)、
・スパッタリングパワー密度:8.5W/cm2、
・電極21a,21bに印加する交流電圧の周波数:40kHz。
・反応処理用ガス:O2、
・反応処理用ガスの導入流量:200sccm、
・高周波電源89からアンテナ85a,85bに供給される電力(プラズマ処理電力):2kW、
・アンテナ85a,85bに印加する交流電圧の周波数:13.56MHz。
・一層あたりの膜厚:4nm~35nm(表1参照)、
・積層数:100層~1120層(表1参照)。
・成膜レート:0.09nm/sec、
・基板温度:室温。
・スパッタ用ガス:Ar、
・スパッタ用ガス圧:0.1Pa、
・スパッタ用ガスの導入流量:150sccm、
・ターゲット29a,29b:珪素(Si)、
・スパッタリングパワー密度:1.5W/cm2、
・電極21a,21bに印加する交流電圧の周波数:40kHz。
・スパッタ用ガス:Ar、
・スパッタ用ガス圧:0.1Pa、
・スパッタ用ガスの導入流量:150sccm、
・ターゲット49a,49b:炭素(C)、
・スパッタリングパワー密度:4.3W/cm2、
(珪素(Si)で構成されるターゲット29a,29bをスパッタリングするパワー密度の約2.9倍に相当)
・電極41a,41bに印加する交流電圧の周波数:40kHz。
・反応処理用ガス:Ar+H2、
・反応処理用ガス中の水素濃度:表1を参照、
・反応処理得用ガス圧:0.3Pa、
・反応処理用ガスの導入流量:500sccm、
・プラズマ処理電力:2kW、
・アンテナ85a,85bに印加する交流電圧の周波数:13.56MHz。
・一層あたりの膜厚:1.25nm~21nm(表1参照)、
・積層数:100層~1120層(表1参照)。
・膜厚:2000nm~7000nm(表1参照)。
得られた各サンプルについて、下記の方法で物性の評価をし、その結果を下記表に示した。
微小硬さ試験機(MMT-X7、マツザワ社製)を用い、下記の測定条件で、実験例サンプルの積層膜表面の硬さを測定した。
・圧子形状:ビッカース圧子(a=136°)、
・測定環境:温度20℃・相対湿度60%、
・試験荷重:25gf、
・荷重速度:10μ/s、
・最大荷重クリープ時間:15秒。
分光光度計(商品名:U-4000、日立社製)を用いて波長650nm~700nmにおける透過率を測定した。
水平直線往復摺動方式による自動摩擦摩耗解析装置(Triboster TS501:協和界面科学社製)を用い、荷重:50g、速度:60mm/分、測定回数:10往復の条件で、サンプルの積層膜側の動摩擦係数(μk)を測定した。
積層膜102全体とSiO2層104の膜厚を固定した上でSiC層106の膜厚を変動させたとき、一層あたりのSiC層106の膜厚がSiO2層104の30~60%の範囲外となるサンプル(実験例6,9,11,14,15,18)と比較して、その範囲内となるサンプル(実験例7,8,12,13,16,17)の有用性が確認できた。
積層膜102全体の膜厚を大きくし、かつ一層あたりのSiC層106の膜厚をSiO2層104の30~60%の範囲内としても、一層あたりのSiO2層の膜厚が5~30nmの範囲外となるサンプル(実験例10,19)は、その範囲内となるサンプル(実験例8,17など)と比較した有用性が得られないことが確認された。
Claims (4)
- 基体の表面に形成された透光性硬質薄膜であって、
SiO2層とSiC層とを交互に複数積層した超格子構造を有する積層膜で構成されており、
一層あたりの膜厚が、SiO2層:5nm以上30nm以下、SiC層:SiO2層の30%以上60%以下であり、
全体膜厚が3000nm以上である透光性硬質薄膜。 - 請求項1記載の透光性硬質薄膜において、前記SiC層を以下の方法によって、前記基体又は既に形成されたSiO2層の表面に形成した透光性硬質薄膜。
単一の真空容器内で反応プロセス領域と複数の成膜プロセス領域とがそれぞれ空間的に分離して配置され、各領域での処理が独立して制御可能に構成された成膜装置を用い、移動している基体に向けた薄膜の成膜方法であり、不活性ガスの雰囲気の下、各成膜プロセス領域のそれぞれで、材質が異なる複数のターゲットのうちのいずれかをスパッタリングし、珪素と炭素を含む中間薄膜を形成した後、前記反応プロセス領域で、前記中間薄膜に対して、不活性ガスと水素の混合ガスの雰囲気下で発生させたプラズマを曝露し、超薄膜に膜変換させ、その後、該超薄膜に対して、前記中間薄膜の形成と前記超薄膜への膜変換を繰り返す方法。 - ガラス製の前記基体上に請求項1又は2記載の透光性硬質薄膜を形成した光学基板。
- 請求項3記載の光学基板において、波長650nm~700nmでの透過率が70%以上、前記薄膜側のビッカーズ硬度が1500以上、動摩擦係数が0.5以下である光学基板。
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JP2012518682A JP5025038B1 (ja) | 2012-02-16 | 2012-02-16 | 透光性硬質薄膜 |
KR1020127016692A KR101287694B1 (ko) | 2012-02-16 | 2012-02-16 | 투광성 경질 박막 |
CN201280000487.2A CN103370437B (zh) | 2012-02-16 | 2012-02-16 | 透光性硬质薄膜 |
US13/700,686 US9422620B2 (en) | 2012-02-16 | 2012-02-16 | Translucent hard thin film |
EP12734775.5A EP2816136B1 (en) | 2012-02-16 | 2012-02-16 | Light-transmitting rigid thin film |
PCT/JP2012/053638 WO2013121552A1 (ja) | 2012-02-16 | 2012-02-16 | 透光性硬質薄膜 |
TW101109023A TWI429770B (zh) | 2012-02-16 | 2012-03-16 | Translucent hard film |
HK13113197.9A HK1185922A1 (zh) | 2012-02-16 | 2013-11-26 | 透光性硬質薄膜 |
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CN108191258B (zh) * | 2018-01-30 | 2020-05-05 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种dlc薄膜增硬玻璃及其制备方法 |
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JPS60221562A (ja) | 1984-04-17 | 1985-11-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 耐摩耗膜 |
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JPS63113507A (ja) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-18 | Hitachi Ltd | 光導波路およびその製造法 |
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CN103370437B (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
US20140356601A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
JP5025038B1 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
CN103370437A (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
EP2816136A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
US9422620B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 |
EP2816136A4 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
TW201335393A (zh) | 2013-09-01 |
HK1185922A1 (zh) | 2014-02-28 |
EP2816136B1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
KR101287694B1 (ko) | 2013-08-07 |
JPWO2013121552A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
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