WO2013121045A1 - Structure d'enveloppe pour un bâtiment - Google Patents

Structure d'enveloppe pour un bâtiment Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013121045A1
WO2013121045A1 PCT/EP2013/053195 EP2013053195W WO2013121045A1 WO 2013121045 A1 WO2013121045 A1 WO 2013121045A1 EP 2013053195 W EP2013053195 W EP 2013053195W WO 2013121045 A1 WO2013121045 A1 WO 2013121045A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
formwork
inner layer
anchor elements
outer layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/053195
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013121045A4 (fr
Inventor
Rudolf Brand
Original Assignee
Bdps Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bdps Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh filed Critical Bdps Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh
Publication of WO2013121045A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013121045A1/fr
Publication of WO2013121045A4 publication Critical patent/WO2013121045A4/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
    • E04B1/4178—Masonry wall ties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space
    • E04B1/7616—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space with insulation-layer locating devices combined with wall ties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7691—Heat reflecting layers or coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cladding structure for a building, furthermore to a building and a prefabricated building part with such a cladding structure, furthermore to a production method for an enveloping structure.
  • An envelope structure of the type mentioned is from the
  • Inner layer and an outer layer which may be a masonry, on.
  • heat radiation-reflecting layer is there-but not directly-at the
  • heat radiation reflecting layer provided an insulating layer.
  • a disadvantage of this structure could be the risk of permanently present wetting of the insulating layer, for example by condensation, because an optimal external energy input is prevented by said structure or at least reduced.
  • An object underlying the invention and its further developments is to propose an enveloping structure, in particular for a building, which is simple to manufacture and avoids or at least reduces the disadvantages described above.
  • the summer heat input into the building interior is reduced by the invention and thus contributes to the cooling.
  • a shell structure for a building which has a room-side inner layer and an outer layer, and a heat-ray reflecting layer which abuts against the room-side side of the outer layer. Any opening cross sections of the heat radiation-reflecting layer are to be avoided in principle, in order to provide the largest possible area proportion of the building for the heat radiation reflection.
  • Outer layer is further anchored by a plurality of anchor elements or spacers with each other such that between the inner layer and the outer layer, an air layer is formed, which adjoins the heat radiation-reflecting layer on the room side, wherein the heat radiation-reflecting layer when using
  • Anchor elements is penetrated by these.
  • An essential aspect of the invention is the provision of an external
  • Heat energy input especially during the heating season.
  • the thermal energy acting on the outer layer by solar radiation or geothermal energy is stored by the uninsulated outer layer and released directly on the heat radiation reflecting layer partially in the air layer, causing the temperature the substantially dormant layer of air changed.
  • Gap temperature or air layer temperature In the summer months, on the other hand, the gap temperature can help to cool the building. Particularly advantageous when using the enveloping structure according to the invention is the avoidance of high temperatures in the interior of the room, for example during strong sunlight during the summer months. In addition, the heating energy requirement is reduced when using the enveloping structure according to the invention by the radiation exchange between the surface of the air gap adjacent to the room-side inner layer and the surface of the heat radiation-reflecting layer. It is preferred here if the surface of the inner layer has good absorption properties, ie the highest possible emission coefficient or emissivity ⁇ , and furthermore the surface of the heat radiation-reflecting layer has the lowest possible emission coefficient
  • Another aspect essential to the invention is the statically effective connection, for example the anchoring of the outer layer and the inner layer by means of the anchor elements.
  • the anchor elements in a further development of the invention at least partially plastic or fiberglass material or are preferably completely reinforced by glass fiber plastic rods, a very low thermal conductivity of the anchor elements can be achieved, which may be less than 2 W / m * K and the preferably at o, 5 W / m * K lies.
  • the said low thermal conductivity of the anchor elements prevents insofar as a derivative of the heat energy from the inside to the outside and thus contributes to a
  • Anchor elements leads through the proposed materials of the anchor elements according to the conductivity to very low heat exchange.
  • a reflective metal layer in a particular embodiment includes a reflective metal layer or consists entirely of a reflective metal layer.
  • a metal layer can be formed, for example, by an aluminum foil with a low emission coefficient, which preferably has a surface which reflects in the direction of the air layer and to the inner layer adjacent thereto.
  • materials for the construction of the layer also come from a film - or a coating or Steaming of the outer layer with gold, aluminum, graphite or silver is preferred.
  • the enveloping structure at least partially forms the roof surface, the foundation surface, the outer walls that touch the ground, and / or the
  • the foundation surface may be formed by a base plate or a plurality of base plates, for example, which forms the lowest building closure and thus the floor-side boundary of the building to the ground.
  • the outer layer may be formed as a bottom plate over which the inner layer including the intermediate one
  • the inner layer can each have a plate, such as a reinforced concrete slab, and also be designed as a ceiling element.
  • a shell of reinforced concrete is preferred.
  • the inner layer is designed as a load-bearing layer for the outer layer and as a rule to have a correspondingly greater width.
  • the outer layer is preferably formed as a supporting layer for the overlying inner layer. The power transmission between inner and outer layer takes place in a preferred embodiment of the invention over
  • an insulating layer preferably formed of foam glass is arranged on the inner layer, to which the air layer or the air gap adjoins.
  • the foam glass can be cut as a sheet to the dimensions of
  • a black color is at least but a good heat-ray absorbing surface of the foam glass or applied to the foam glass or glued layer to the exchange of
  • the air layer between its adjoining layers preferably has a width in a range between 0.5 cm to 20 cm, preferably between 1 cm and 10 cm, more preferably between 2 cm and 5 cm, in particular with 3 cm or 4 cm.
  • the layer width of the air layer allows thermal radiation, in particular IR radiation, to pass through the air layer and, furthermore, that the overall width of the enveloping structure is still comparatively small. In particular, it must be ensured as far as possible that no contact between the heat-ray reflecting layer and the insulating layer or the inner layer can occur.
  • the closed air layer preferably occupies a total area of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, of the building exterior area. It is understood that the area fraction of the closed air layer on the building net external surface depends primarily on planned exterior window and exterior door surfaces.
  • the air layer with a vacuum preferably a rough vacuum, in particular with a pressure in a range between 300mbar to 1 mbar is acted upon.
  • Air layer The generation of the vacuum or the pressure reduction can be achieved for example by means of a vacuum pump.
  • the vacuum pump may preferably be in
  • the vacuum pump only reduces the pressure when the outside temperature is lower than the temperature inside the building or vice versa.
  • the inner layer may further with
  • Temperier foundeden be provided so as to allow heating and cooling by means of walls, ceilings and / or floor panels.
  • the proposed enveloping structure is outstandingly suitable for the production of a finished part.
  • finished part if at least three elements from the group outer layer, inner layer,
  • heat radiation reflecting layer and insulation layer in length and width have virtually the same dimensions and are related according to the above-mentioned embodiments and an air gap is formed. It is understood that the various layers and layers need not be made in one piece, but may each be composed of a plurality of ideally rectangular pieces. Preferably, however, it is always provided in all layers and the situation that each one
  • the enveloping structure can be produced as precast concrete part with the following steps:
  • an insulating layer in particular made of foam glass, with the inner layer, wherein the insulating layer forms an insulating surface, which corresponds to the surface of the shell, and wherein the insulating layer may also consist of several adjacent and a closed surface-forming partial layers,
  • heat ray reflecting layer are penetrated by the anchor elements.
  • Another preferred method for producing a finished part for a further enveloping structure further comprises the following steps:
  • an insulating layer in particular of foam glass, with the inner layer, wherein the insulating layer forms an insulating surface, which corresponds to the surface of the shell, wherein the insulating layer may also consist of several adjacent and a closed surface-forming partial layers,
  • Anchoring elements through the insulating layer into the inner layer
  • an enveloping structure can also be produced by the following steps:
  • an insulating layer in particular of foam glass, with the inner layer, wherein the insulating layer forms an insulating surface, which corresponds to the surface of the shell, wherein the insulating layer may also consist of several adjacent and a closed surface-forming partial layers,
  • Anchor elements through the holes in the concrete layer to press. It is also possible to dispense with the attachment of the spacers, which may be about annular discs made of foam glass, provided that the statically effective anchor elements themselves already have a corresponding central diameter expansion, which allows to carry the second layer. It is preferred if a radial diameter of the spacers is greater than a radial diameter of the spacers
  • the insulating material of a provided with insulation inner layer which is penetrated by the outstanding static effective anchor elements to produce by gluing the foam glass material on the surface of the hardened concrete part.
  • the statically effective anchor elements are integrated according to this alternative in the outer layer. Accordingly, the steps of said methods also include this aspect.
  • the introduction of the anchor elements through the insulating layer into the inner layer can be achieved, for example, by providing passage openings in the insulating layer in the form of through holes with or without an internal thread, through which the anchor elements can be inserted or screwed.
  • the anchor elements preferably introduced by insertion, screwing, wrapping or crushing or by other mechanical applications.
  • Insertion of the anchor elements is preferably perpendicular to the planes spanned by the layers.
  • the outer surface of the heat radiation-reflecting layer is understood as being adjacent to the air layer surface with a small emissivity or emission coefficient ⁇ in the normal direction to the surface plane.
  • Outside surface has the property to reflect light and create an image, so to reflect.
  • aluminum foil with the aforementioned optical properties has an emissivity ⁇ of 0.04.
  • Polished gold has an emissivity ⁇ of 0.02 to 0.035 and the advantage of not oxidizing.
  • a steel concrete insert This can be in the form of a structural steel grid or braid to absorb tensile and compressive forces well.
  • a reinforcement can be made by means of woven fiberglass or synthetic fiber mats. Besides, they are
  • connection of .Dämm für and shell for example, by placing and pressing on the still fresh. Concrete or through. Gluing or anchoring can be done by suitable anchoring means.
  • connection of the heat radiation-reflecting layer with the outer layer can be effected in particular by an adhesive bond, or by means of gluing or pressing.
  • FIG. 1 shows an enveloping structure according to the invention in a side section of FIG
  • FIG. 2 detailed views of the enveloping structure shown in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 detailed views of a further enveloping structure
  • FIG. 4 detailed views of a further enveloping structure
  • FIG. 5 detailed views of a further enveloping structure
  • FIG. 6 a spacing element in two views.
  • the enveloping structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 for a building shown only partially in schematic sectional view has a chamber-side inner layer 3 and an outer layer 2.
  • a heat-ray-reflecting layer 4 which is readily visible in the detail views of FIG. 2, is present in the form of an optically specular aluminum foil.
  • the layer 4 is applied over the whole area to the room-side side 5 of the outer layer 2.
  • the outer layer 2 here in the form of a concrete shell about a precast concrete part has a shell thickness of preferably 80 mm or alternatively 30mm to 120mm when it hangs on the statically effective inner shell.
  • Inner layer 3 is also a concrete shell of a precast concrete part with a width of preferably 160mm or alternatively from 100mm to 300mm and is designed as a static load-bearing element of the building and the enveloping structure 1. Furthermore, at the
  • Inner layer 3 at least up to a frost-free area under the terrain top edge 6, i. on all non-earth-touched areas and to the frost-free area of the building, the enveloping structure is provided with an insulating layer 7 in the form of foam glass.
  • the insulating layer 7 has a thickness of 50mm or alternatively from 20mm to 70mm and thus achieves the insulation required for a minimum heat protection.
  • the air layer 10 allows thermal radiation, in particular from the building interior to the heat radiation reflecting surface of the layer 4. Furthermore, the air layer, in particular if it experiences a pressure reduction relative to the atmospheric pressure, acts as an insulation between the outer layer 2 and the inner layer 3.
  • One aspect of the invention is that with the envelope construction 1, a substantially stationary volume of air within the air layer 10 can be achieved, wherein the temperature of the air layer can be significantly increased compared to the prior art.
  • the temperature increase or decrease in the air gap is effected by the superposition of the external energy input via the outer layer with the internal energy input, which takes place on the interior side via the inner layer 3.
  • the effect of the heat ray reflecting surface of the layer 4, which is adjacent to the air gap, in connection with the air gap depends on what proportion of the internal energy input, which is radiated over the surface of the inner layer or the insulating layer is proportionally re-irradiated depending on the Refietationsgrad the surface and of which proportion is absorbed proportionally depending on the Absorbtionsgrad of the air gap adjacent surface of the inner layer 3.
  • the proportion of the external energy input, which co-determines the gap temperature of the static air, is particularly dependent on the radiation properties of
  • FIG. 2 shows details of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view. Detail D shows one
  • Anchor elements 9 connected together.
  • the closing of the statically not relevant open joints and assembly joints between the individual parts can be airtight by driving in squish rubber seals. This mainly concerns the joints in the surface of the exterior prefabricated parts and here the facade and roof area.
  • Detail A finally shows the foundation area 11 with a foundation as
  • louvers has a connection.
  • the louvers are preferably installed in the façade and / or in the roof area.
  • FIG. 3 shows a partial view of a further enveloping structure 1.
  • a placeholder 12 in the form of a
  • Corrugated metal tube potted and poured with potting material 18. Both the
  • Outer layer 2 as well as the inner layer 3 shown on the right half of the picture are cast from concrete. Further, a heat ray reflecting layer 4 in the form of a reflective aluminum foil is adhered to the outer layer 2. On the inside of the
  • Inner layer 3 is further applied an insulating layer 7 made of foam glass. It goes without saying that this insulating layer can be dispensed with in the foundation area.
  • the layer composite of the inner and outer layers are separated by a spacer 14 in the form of a disk-shaped plate of foam glass. This plate thus defines the distance of an air layer 10, or the air gap.
  • the plate is attached to an anchor element 9 made of a glass-fiber-plastic composite.
  • FIG. 4 shows a structure similar to FIG. However, the placeholder 12 is here in the inner layer 3. Accordingly, the aluminum foil was first applied to the still viscous concrete layer of the outer layer 2 and then the anchor element 9 when using a plug template with correspondingly positioned opening cross sections (not shown here) through the aluminum foil in the still soft fresh concrete of the outer layer 2 inserted. After placing the spacer, a prefabricated inner layer with correspondingly arranged place holders 12 and the insulating layer 7 connected to the inner layer was placed on the spacers 14 with corresponding openings 15 for the anchor elements 9. Finally, the placeholders 12 are potted with potting material 18 and thus a prefabricated component with statically effective anchor composite created from which the enveloping structure 1 according to the invention is constructed. Due to the changed design, the diameter of the spacer 14 can now also be slightly smaller than the diameter of the spacer 12.
  • FIG. 5 also shows a structure similar to that shown in FIG. However, here the anchor element 9 is formed integrally with the spacer 14. The anchor element also does not emerge to any of the outsides of the two layers 2, 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows an anchor element 9 with integrated spacer section 16 in a section (top) and in a top view (bottom).
  • the spacer 9 is constructed entirely of a glass fiber-plastic composite. Due to the star-shaped structure of the spacer portion is saved to a material, on the other hand is the

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une structure d'enveloppe (1) pour un bâtiment, comportant une couche interne (3) côté intérieur, pourvue ou non d'une couche isolante (7), et une couche externe (2), cette structure comportant également une couche (4) réfléchissant le rayonnement thermique, laquelle est adjacente à la face (5) côté intérieur de la couche externe et dont la surface réfléchissant le rayonnement thermique jouxte une couche d'air (10). Selon l'invention, la couche interne et la couche externe sont fixées l'une et l'autre par une pluralité d'éléments d'ancrage (9) à effet statique de sorte qu'une couche d'air (10) est formée entre la couche interne et la couche externe, cette couche d'air étant adjacente, côté intérieur, à la couche (4) réfléchissant le rayonnement thermique, cette couche réfléchissant le rayonnement thermique étant traversée par les éléments d'ancrage (9) à effet statique.
PCT/EP2013/053195 2012-02-17 2013-02-18 Structure d'enveloppe pour un bâtiment WO2013121045A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012101318 2012-02-17
DE102012101318.7 2012-02-17
DE102012105012.0 2012-06-11
DE102012105012A DE102012105012A1 (de) 2012-02-17 2012-06-11 Hüllstruktur für ein Gebäude

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013121045A1 true WO2013121045A1 (fr) 2013-08-22
WO2013121045A4 WO2013121045A4 (fr) 2013-11-07

Family

ID=48915103

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2013/053194 WO2013121044A1 (fr) 2012-02-17 2013-02-18 Procédé de fabrication d'une structure d'enveloppe de bâtiment
PCT/EP2013/053195 WO2013121045A1 (fr) 2012-02-17 2013-02-18 Structure d'enveloppe pour un bâtiment

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2013/053194 WO2013121044A1 (fr) 2012-02-17 2013-02-18 Procédé de fabrication d'une structure d'enveloppe de bâtiment

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2815038B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN204298965U (fr)
DE (2) DE102012102862A1 (fr)
HK (1) HK1205544A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2630836C2 (fr)
WO (2) WO2013121044A1 (fr)

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DK201200182U4 (da) * 2012-11-15 2014-02-28 Rockwool Int Et vægisoleringssystem til en bygning
AT515999A1 (de) * 2014-06-18 2016-01-15 Matauschek Franz Verkleidung für eine Fläche
CN105830935A (zh) * 2016-04-20 2016-08-10 柳州市环树生态养殖园 一种节能型畜禽养殖舍
DE102017127862A1 (de) * 2017-11-24 2019-05-29 Markus Roth Verbundbauelement
US11415328B2 (en) 2020-02-11 2022-08-16 David J. Goldstein Facade panel conditioning system
RU199431U1 (ru) * 2020-03-19 2020-09-01 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I" Устройство для повышения теплозащитных качеств наружной стены здания

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WO2004001148A1 (fr) * 2002-06-19 2003-12-31 Urbigkeit, Stefan Structure de mur et element de construction correspondant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN204298965U (zh) 2015-04-29
EP2815038A1 (fr) 2014-12-24
WO2013121044A1 (fr) 2013-08-22
RU2014137452A (ru) 2016-04-10
DE102012105012A1 (de) 2013-08-22
HK1205544A1 (en) 2015-12-18
WO2013121044A4 (fr) 2013-11-07
DE102012102862A1 (de) 2013-08-22
RU2630836C2 (ru) 2017-09-13
WO2013121045A4 (fr) 2013-11-07
EP2815038B1 (fr) 2016-11-02

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