WO2013107204A1 - 热塑复合板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

热塑复合板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013107204A1
WO2013107204A1 PCT/CN2012/083778 CN2012083778W WO2013107204A1 WO 2013107204 A1 WO2013107204 A1 WO 2013107204A1 CN 2012083778 W CN2012083778 W CN 2012083778W WO 2013107204 A1 WO2013107204 A1 WO 2013107204A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic composite
layer
composite panel
thermoplastic
skeleton
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PCT/CN2012/083778
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐菊娣
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湖南金鸿科技工业股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2013107204A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013107204A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/154Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces

Definitions

  • Thermoplastic composite board and manufacturing method thereof are Thermoplastic composite board and manufacturing method thereof.
  • the invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and relates to a composite board and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a thermoplastic composite board and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Thermoplastic composite panels are suitable for large-scale site enclosures or traffic envelopes. They are mainly used for livestock and cages, large residential areas, highways, large industrial bases and large-scale casinos.
  • protective panels or guardrails are required, such as livestock shelter for agriculture, large residential areas, highways, bridges, large industrial bases, and large entertainment venues such as racetracks, racetracks, etc.
  • Safety anti-collision facilities are required.
  • the main purpose is the road anti-collision guardrail, which is mainly used for the protection body on both sides and the middle of expressway bridges such as highways and bridges.
  • the existing road crash barriers basically use corrugated beam steel guardrails.
  • This kind of guardrail usually adopts corrugated cold-rolled steel plate with 2 ⁇ 3 half-waves as the guardrail board.
  • the guard plates are overlapped with each other or spliced by connecting members and supported by the column, or connected by the anti-blocking block and the column.
  • the road anti-collision guardrail structure uses the deformation of the soil foundation, the column, the anti-blocking block, and the wave-shaped protective plate to gradually absorb the collision energy, forcing the uncontrolled vehicle to change direction.
  • the surface of the steel guardrail material is apt to be rusted, and its appearance is short and the service life is short. Even if it is intact, it should be fully maintained on a regular basis, and the overall cost and maintenance cost are high. Moreover, due to the high hardness and rigidity of the steel guardrail, the contact time between the uncontrolled vehicle and the steel guardrail board is short, so the energy absorption capacity is poor, and the damage to the vehicle and the occupant is large.
  • the Chinese patent "A Flexible Road Guardrail” with the publication number CN2350430A discloses a "B" shaped hollow structure made of PE plastic material to improve the vibration damping and flexibility of the guardrail.
  • the Chinese patent "resin guardrail” of the publication No. CN101023222A discloses a hollow honeycomb plate-like substrate which is formed by resin molding and has a wave-shaped cross section and lateral ribs alternately arranged, so that the guardrail board has a higher strength and a shock absorbing function.
  • the technical solution of the above-mentioned guardrail "to replace the steel” has solved the problem that the steel guardrail is easy to rust, has poor appearance, short service life, poor energy absorbing ability, and great harm to vehicles and occupants, but it is necessary to prevent The more the vehicle goes out, the inevitable requirement that the guardrail has considerable mechanical strength and rigidity to withstand the collision of the vehicle. Since the elastic modulus of plastic is only one-twentieth of that of steel (for example, the elastic modulus of carbon steel is around 190,000 MPa and the elastic modulus of polyethylene (PE) is around 800 MPa), this all-plastic structure of the guardrail needs The more material is used to reach the strength required by the steel guardrail. Therefore, the large plastic guardrail is bulky and costly, which is not conducive to popularization.
  • Step-plastic composite is another solution.
  • the Chinese patent “Composite Road Guardrail and Its Production Method” with the publication number CN1393600A proposes a built-in steel bar or steel mesh, and is laminated with an unsaturated resin, an auxiliary material, and a glass cloth layer.
  • the Chinese patent "Road guardrail member” with the publication number CN2644499A proposes to cover the surface of the composite extruded polymer material layer on the surface of the corrugated guardrail plate formed by cold bending of the steel plate or strip.
  • the relative slip between the two materials after thermal expansion and contraction between the steels causes gaps between the two joints, which will result in Moisture enters the corroded steel from the breakage of the surface of the material along the gap of the joint surface, reducing the service life of the guardrail and posing a safety hazard.
  • the above-mentioned plastic steel guardrails are all hard guardrails, or the plastic steel is easy to be separated and cannot be wound up and bent, which causes inconvenience in transportation and storage, and because the length of the guardrail board is limited, many accessories are required for installation, which makes the installation complicated.
  • thermoplastic composite panel having good protection performance, reduced maintenance, relatively small volume and low cost, and good compatibility between materials in view of the defects of the prior art.
  • the thermoplastic protective sheet of the invention has considerable strength and rigidity, and has considerable cushioning performance, and can achieve better safety protection effect.
  • a further technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a thermoplastic protective sheet which can continuously produce, improve production efficiency, has a simple process, and has low production cost.
  • thermoplastic composite panel is a sheet material having a set lateral width, longitudinally extending continuously and being wound into a roll or cut into pieces, and the thermoplastic composite sheet includes reinforcement. a skeleton, the outer layer of the reinforcing skeleton is coated with a layer of thermoplastic material.
  • the reinforcing skeleton and the thermoplastic material layer are integrated into a single structure without gaps, and the peeling strength between the reinforcing skeleton and the thermoplastic material layer is greater than 75 N/cm at 20 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C.
  • the test method for the peel strength is:
  • thermoplastic material layer in the same direction with a width of 15 mm ⁇ 25 mm and a length of 120 mm or more. When cutting, the joint between the thermoplastic material layer and the reinforcing frame should be cut and picked up. One end.
  • thermoplastic material layer Using a material testing machine to vertically pull up the surface of the thermoplastic material at a rate of 12 mm/min or less to pull up the layer of thermoplastic material and record the force measurement.
  • the force value recorded at the time of measurement is divided by the peeling width of the thermoplastic material layer, that is, the peel strength in units of N/cm.
  • thermoplastic material layer is a three-layer structure that is not separated from each other, and is bonded to the reinforcing layer, the impact-resistant and non-broken buffer layer from the inside to the outside. And anti-aging and wear-resistant protective layer.
  • the reinforcing skeleton selected tensile strength is much higher than the longitudinal or/and lateral direction of at least one profile of the thermoplastic material layer; the tensile strength of the reinforcing skeleton and the thermoplastic material layer
  • the tensile strength ratio is 1:10-1:150.
  • the bonding layer is an adhesive resin material that is compatible with and adheres to chemical characteristics of the reinforcing skeleton and the buffer layer.
  • the buffer layer is coated outside the bonding layer and is made of a polymer material that is resistant to impact and is not broken.
  • the protective layer is made of a polymer material which is composited outside the buffer layer and has anti-aging properties.
  • the weight percentage of the reinforcing skeleton in the thermoplastic composite sheet is 10% to 90%
  • the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.1 to 0.25 mm
  • the thickness of the protective layer is 0.8 mm to 10 mm.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer is 10 200 times the thickness of each of the bonding layer and the protective layer.
  • thermoplastic composite board The manufacturing method of the thermoplastic composite board includes the following steps:
  • the bonding layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.25 mm.
  • the plate is vacuum cooled or rolled and cooled to obtain a thermoplastic composite plate.
  • the step (1) and the step (2) are added to: a cold rolling forming step of reinforcing the skeleton.
  • the cold rolling forming step of the reinforcing skeleton is: cold rolling the reinforcing skeleton into a predetermined shape.
  • the step (1) is further increased: a step of reinforcing the skeleton once punching; after the step (4): further: forming a thermoplastic composite panel comprising the reinforcing skeleton Sub-punching step and cold rolling forming step.
  • the step of cold-rolling the thermoplastic composite sheet comprising the reinforcing skeleton is: cold rolling a thermoplastic composite sheet comprising the reinforcing skeleton into a predetermined shape.
  • thermoplastic composite board of the invention is mainly used for manufacturing safety guardrails, and needs to bear the two functions of energy absorption and non-breaking protection, absorbs collision energy through deformation, reduces damage to vehicles and personnel, changes vehicle direction, and minimizes accidents. At the same time of loss, the vehicle must be prevented from getting out of the road and cannot be broken.
  • thermoplastic composite panel of the present invention is to creatively satisfy two contradictory functional requirements.
  • the invention adopts the reinforcing skeleton to make the thermoplastic composite board have considerable mechanical strength and rigidity, and the reinforcing skeleton is placed in the thermoplastic
  • the center of the composite panel is biased to a position relatively far from the action process, and the reinforcing skeleton supports the composite panel as a whole, so that the composite panel as a whole has strength and rigidity against collision.
  • a layer of thermoplastic material is used to achieve the buffering effect, and combined with the extrusion forming structure and/or the cold rolling forming design of the reinforcing skeleton, the deformation buffer is gradually deformed in the initial stage of the action process, and the deformation end stage of the action process is performed.
  • the superimposed impact resistance enables the flexibility and rigidity to be creatively played in different stages of the impact protection process in a product.
  • the prepared thermoplastic composite board can be arbitrarily extended in the longitudinal direction, the length is arbitrarily determined, and can be bent into a roll, which is convenient. Transport and storage. The longer length facilitates the installation of the guardrail and reduces the use of guardrail connectors. It is also possible to cut a long thermoplastic composite panel into pieces.
  • the thermoplastic material layer of the thermoplastic composite panel has a three-layer integrated composite structure, and the structure has high superior performance:
  • each layer has different functions, and the function of the bonding layer is for the layer of thermoplastic material and reinforcement.
  • the skeletons are better combined to make them a whole.
  • the function of the buffer layer is to be buffered by its toughness and elasticity. After the external force collides, only deformation occurs, no breakage occurs, so as to avoid a large amount of splashing fragments, causing a secondary accident, combined with the extrusion molding structure and/or the coldening of the skeleton.
  • the rolling forming design gradually deforms in the initial stage of the action process, prolongs the contact time between the vehicle and the guardrail, and reduces the impact peak, thereby protecting the vehicle personnel and reducing losses and injuries.
  • the protective layer is the outermost structure of the entire composite board. Its main function is anti-aging and wear resistance, and its internal structure is protected.
  • thermoplastic material layer and the reinforcing skeleton are integrated composite structures, and the integrated composite structure means that the layers are firmly adhered together to form a whole without separation.
  • the formation of a unitary structure relies on the bonding force between the materials.
  • the bonding layer can form a dense and strong adhesion layer on the surface of the reinforcing skeleton, and has good compatibility with the buffer layer, and good compatibility makes a strong combination with the reinforcing skeleton and the intermediate buffer layer. Capability, protective layer and buffer layer also have good compatibility.
  • thermoplastic material layer In the manufacturing process, multi-layer co-extrusion or sequential extrusion coating is applied between the thermoplastic material layer and the reinforcing skeleton, and the reinforcing skeleton is degreased and rusted.
  • Surface cleaning and heat treatment; the joint between the material layers is not due to insufficient bonding force, voids on surface impurities, and can prevent grease from accelerating stress cracking of the product, thereby improving the reliability of thermoplastic composite and the use of the product. life.
  • the peel strength is high, and the relative slip between the material layers does not occur after bending and thermal expansion and contraction, so that the advantages of the thermoplastic composite material can be fully utilized, and the strength and toughness are high during use and installation. .
  • the material layers are not easily separated, which is easy to be wound and bent, facilitates transportation, storage and installation, and can be used for secondary punching and cold-rolling of thermoplastic composite sheets containing reinforcing skeletons.
  • the product is reinforced on the skeleton at the punching point continuously coated with the thermoplastic material layer.
  • the parts of the thermoplastic composite panel are not separated into one whole, which greatly enhances the impact resistance and buffering capacity of the thermoplastic composite panel and improves the performance of the product.
  • the problem of poor compatibility of the plastic steel materials in the prior art is solved.
  • the thermoplastic composite panel reinforcing skeleton of the invention mainly adopts a profile with a modulus of elasticity and a tensile strength far greater than that of a thermoplastic material, and the profile may be a metal profile or other organic and inorganic reinforcing profiles, such as steel strip, steel wire, polyester fiber, Glass fiber, carbon fiber, etc.
  • This material has the advantage that the strength of the thermoplastic composite panel can be improved, and the thermoplastic composite panel can easily reach a considerable mechanical strength under the action of a large elastic modulus and a high tensile strength reinforcing skeleton. And stiffness. When used to manufacture road safety guardrails, it can withstand the rush of vehicles Hit, prevent vehicles from getting out of the way.
  • thermoplastic composite panel achieves significant flexibility and high strength while significantly saving raw materials.
  • the fourth is to creatively meet the two contradictory functional requirements of flexibility and rigidity in one product.
  • the buffering effect is achieved, and the buffering effect can be achieved.
  • the extrusion structure and/or the reinforced skeleton's homeopathic gradual deformation and lodging prevent the guardrail and its parts from piercing the vehicle body, endangering the occupants.
  • the end of the deformation process of the action process by enhancing the deformation superposition of the skeleton and the damping effect of the thermoplastic material, it has high impact strength and shock absorption function, and can prevent the vehicle from crossing the guardrail or overturning on the guardrail.
  • the friction coefficient of the thermoplastic composite sheet of the invention can reach 0 to 0.35 (for example, the friction coefficient of steel sliding on the PTFE resin is 0.1, the friction coefficient of sliding on the resin is 0.2, and the friction coefficient of sliding on the PS resin is 0.35. Etc.) According to this standard, the present invention can smoothly change the direction of an uncontrolled vehicle.
  • the manufacturing method of the invention adopts an original one-step production process, and the reinforcing skeleton and the molten thermoplastic material are coated by multi-layer co-extrusion or sequential extrusion, and two or more kinds are completed in the composite extrusion mold at one time.
  • the compounding of the material and the structural forming of the guardrail board, combined with the surface cleaning and heat treatment of the reinforcing skeleton for leveling, degreasing and rust removal, the combination of the thermoplastic material and the reinforcing profile is reliable, the compound is uniform, the coating is tight, the thermal expansion and contraction Shrink, and can be wound and bent.
  • thermoplastic composite board have the advantages of stable structural size, uniform coating and even the production speed of up to 8 m / min. It can be used in the range of ⁇ 50 ⁇ 70 °C for more than 30 years and maintains the luster of the material. It not only doubles the life of the traditional steel guardrail, but also is maintenance-free for life. It can also omit the complicated surface anti-corrosion process.
  • the reinforcing skeleton By leveling the reinforcing skeleton, it is possible to eliminate the occurrence of severe mounting hole deviation and material distortion in the longitudinal direction in the thermoplastic composite panel, and the continuous conveying passage of the reinforcing skeleton which cannot enter the composite mold.
  • the reinforcing skeleton and the thermoplastic material are coextruded or sequentially extruded, vacuum-cooled or rolled and cooled. Reinforce the bone when processing the mounting hole
  • the punching is performed once, and the thermoplastic composite plate containing the reinforcing skeleton is subjected to secondary punching and cold rolling forming.
  • thermoplastic composite board which can not only wind the composite sheet into a roll, but also facilitate transportation, and continuously produce a long-length thermoplastic composite board without interruption, which can improve the installation efficiency of the guardrail.
  • the long-distance one-time laying also reduces the guardrail connection and saves cost; and the moderately flexible thermoplastic composite guardrail board also facilitates the setting and installation of the guardrail at the road bend. Continuous slip movement and disengagement as the vehicle collides with the guardrail. Therefore, the contact surface of the guardrail and the vehicle is required to be smooth and free of obvious protrusions.
  • the surface friction coefficient of the combined thermoplastic material is small, and combined with the thermoplastic composite board Better impact flexibility at the initial stage of the process, higher strength and shock absorption at the end of the process, reducing the friction coefficient between the vehicle and the guardrail contact surface, thereby extending the contact time between the vehicle and the guardrail, and reducing the vehicle's deceleration , to achieve the purpose of protecting passenger safety.
  • thermoplastic composite panel 1 is a schematic structural view of a thermoplastic composite panel according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of a thermoplastic composite panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • thermoplastic material layer The test method for the peel strength between the thermoplastic material layer and the reinforcing skeleton is:
  • thermoplastic material layer in the same direction with a width of 15 mm ⁇ 25 mm and a length of 120 mm or more. When cutting, the joint between the thermoplastic material layer and the reinforcing frame should be cut and picked up. One end.
  • thermoplastic material layer Using a material testing machine to vertically pull up the surface of the thermoplastic material at a rate of 12 mm/min or less to pull up the layer of thermoplastic material and record the force measurement.
  • the force value recorded at the time of measurement is divided by the peeling width of the thermoplastic material layer, that is, the peel strength in units of N/cm.
  • thermoplastic composite panel having a set lateral width, a longitudinally continuous extension, and a roll which can be wound up by a winding device, that is, a thermoplastic composite panel according to site installation requirements
  • the width of the thermoplastic composite panel is set, and the ultra-long sheet with an unlimited length is obtained through continuous production.
  • the thermoplastic composite panel can be rolled into a roll, re-expanded when laid, and cut off at the site as needed.
  • a thermoplastic composite panel of a certain length is obtained.
  • Thermoplastic composite panels can also be cut to length during production to obtain a piece of thermoplastic composite panel.
  • the thermoplastic composite panel comprises a reinforcing skeleton 4, and the reinforcing skeleton 4 is coated with a layer of thermoplastic material, the reinforcing skeleton 4 and the thermoplastic
  • the material layer is composited into a composite panel.
  • the guardrail board product required by the invention.
  • the elastic modulus of the reinforcing skeleton 4 is greater than that of the thermoplastic material layer because of the need to support and resist the collision in the entire plate of the thermoplastic composite panel.
  • the modulus and the tensile strength are much higher than the profiles of the thermoplastic material layer, and the profile refers to an object having a certain geometric shape made by processes such as rolling, extrusion, casting, and the like.
  • the ratio of the tensile strength of the reinforcing skeleton to the tensile strength of the thermoplastic material layer is 1:10-1:100, and the ratio of tensile strength may be selected to be higher than 1:100 until the stretching of the reinforcing skeleton
  • the ratio of the strength to the tensile strength of the thermoplastic material layer is 1:150, preferably a profile which enhances the tensile strength of the skeleton to more than 120 MPa.
  • the tensile strength is much larger than that of the thermoplastic material layer, the organic reinforcing material, and the inorganic reinforcing material.
  • one type of profile may be used alone, or a plurality of profiles of different shapes and materials may be used together. .
  • the metal profiles can be selected from steel strips and steel wires with a certain width, and can also be steels of suitable thickness (such as circular, square, angle, I-beam, channel steel, etc.), and pipe steel (such as garden tubes, square tubes, and shaped tubes). Tubes, etc.
  • metal fibers such as boron fibers and metal whiskers such as aluminum, titanium, calcium, etc.
  • organic and inorganic reinforcing materials including inorganic fibers (such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, whisker, quartz fiber, graphite fiber and ceramic fiber) Or), profiles, organic fibers (such as PAN fibers, polyethylene fibers, PA fibers, PC fibers, PVA fibers, polyester fibers, etc.) or profiles, preferably woven sheet structures or stranded reinforcing fibers that facilitate continuous production.
  • the reinforcing skeleton 4 is formed by arranging at least one profile longitudinally or/and laterally.
  • a separate profile can be selected as the reinforcement skeleton 4, and the width and length of the profile profile are adapted to the width and length of the thermoplastic composite panel, and cannot be too narrow or too short. Can not support and impact resistance.
  • the profiles may be parallel, vertical, cross, woven into sheets, strands, etc. as needed.
  • the reinforcement skeleton 4 is formed after the arrangement. As shown in Fig. 2, a plurality of round steels are arranged in parallel to form a reinforcing skeleton 4.
  • the thermoplastic material layer is a three-layer structure which is not separated from each other, and is a bonding layer 3 for bonding with the reinforcing skeleton 4, an impact-resistant and non-broken buffer layer 2 and anti-aging from the inside to the outside.
  • the bonding layer 3 is an adhesive resin material which is compatible with and adheres to the chemical characteristics of the reinforcing skeleton 4 and the buffer layer 2.
  • the adhesive resin material selected for the bonding layer 3 simultaneously has a bonding effect on the polymer material of the reinforcing skeleton 4 and the buffer layer 2, and the material and properties of the buffer layer 2 and the reinforcing skeleton 4 are simultaneously considered in the selection of the bonding layer 3,
  • the material for reinforcing the skeleton 4 of the present invention is preferably a metal profile or a reinforcing fiber profile, and the buffer layer 2 is selected from a thermoplastic material in the polymer material, and the bonding layer 3 is selected to have a plurality of materials such as metal or reinforcing fiber and thermoplastic material.
  • the bonding layer 3 is bonded to the profile. Outside Surface, if a reinforcing skeleton 4 formed by combining a plurality of profiles is selected, the bonding layer 3 is attached to the exposed surface of each profile.
  • the buffer layer 2 is made of a polyolefin (PO) type material, such as polypropylene (PP) and linear polyethylene (LLDPE), and when the reinforcing skeleton 4 is selected as a steel strip, the bonding layer 3 may be made of polyethylene or ethylene. Acrylic copolymer or other material that is fully compatible with metals and polyolefins.
  • the buffer layer 2 is coated outside the bonding layer 3 and is made of an impact-resistant, non-crushing polymer material, preferably a thermoplastic material.
  • the buffer layer 2 has strong impact resistance and elasticity, and preferentially solves the problem that the thermoplastic composite sheet is too hard and easily broken under the collision of the vehicle. According to the anti-collision level of the guardrail and considering the economic cost, the soft and flexible base resin and the appropriate addition of high impact resin, rubber elastomer, rigid filler, foaming agent and flame retardant can be selected.
  • the protective layer 1 is made of a polymer material which is composited outside the buffer layer 2 and has anti-aging properties.
  • the protective layer 1 preferentially overcomes the defects of aging and wear of the material.
  • An anti-aging material such as an antioxidant or a light stabilizer is added to the base resin material, and an antibacterial agent or a nano self-cleaning material may be added to keep it sanitary and clean, and an auxiliary material for improving rigidity and wear resistance may be added.
  • the material of the protective layer 1 also includes a beautiful and eye-catching color matching, and a photoluminescent material. If desired, the coating may also comprise a material that enhances the printability of the surface of the material.
  • the tensile strength is different, and considering the tensile strength, the reinforcing skeleton 4 has a weight percentage of the thermoplastic composite sheet of 10% to 90%, and the tensile strength is high, in the thermoplastic
  • the content of the composite plate is small, and the material with low tensile strength is high in the thermoplastic composite plate, but the selection thereof is preferably in the range of 10% to 90%, which can maintain considerable rigidity and strength and has appropriate Flexibility.
  • the thickness of the bonding layer 3 is selected mainly for the material selected for the bonding layer, the material for reinforcing the skeleton, and the material for the buffer layer, and the materials are selected differently.
  • the thickness of the bonding layer 3 is preferably 0.1 to 0.25 mm, and the thickness of the protective layer 1 is greater than 0.8 mm to 10 mm.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is related to various conditions such as the size of the thermoplastic composite plate and the selection of the material of the protective layer, and is less than 0.8 mm. It is not conducive to the protection of the buffer layer, and the anti-aging and wear resistance are not easy to grasp.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 2 is much larger than the thickness of the bonding layer 3 and the protective layer 1.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 2 may be 10 to 200 times the thickness of the bonding layer 3 and the protective layer 1, and the thickness of each layer in each composite plate is mainly It depends on the strength and impact resistance of the composite panel, impact resistance and other functional requirements and material properties used.
  • thermoplastic composite panels For the convenience of installation, some thermoplastic composite panels need to be installed through the mounting holes, so that it is necessary to open mounting holes on the thermoplastic composite panel.
  • the mounting holes can be located at the edge, the middle portion of the thermoplastic composite panel, etc.
  • the mounting hole position is set according to actual needs.
  • Embodiment 2. A method for manufacturing a thermoplastic composite panel, comprising the following steps:
  • the oil is derusted, or the surface of the reinforcing skeleton is degreased and rusted before and after the leveling treatment.
  • Degreasing and derusting treatment is to remove the rust on the surface of the skeleton and other impurities deposited on the surface of the reinforcing frame by friction, and remove the debris adhering to the friction by high-pressure airflow to keep the surface of the skeleton clean and prevent the grease from accelerating the thermoplastic. Stress cracking of polymer materials of composite products;
  • the temperature of the reinforcing skeleton heat treatment is preferably from 90 ° C to 110 ° C ; after heating, the surface of the reinforcing skeleton is coated with an adhesive resin material, and the adhesive resin material comprises two-component materials and two-component materials.
  • the one-component material is directly extruded onto the surface of the reinforced skeleton that is cleaned and warmed, or first coated on the surface of the cleaned reinforcing skeleton by a water-based coating, and heated to volatilize the solvent; the two-component material is the bottom of the first component
  • the material is sprayed on the surface of the reinforcing skeleton, and then coated with the fabric of the two-component material, cooled by air, and solidified to form a bonding layer in the thermoplastic material layer; preferably, the bonding layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.25 mm.
  • the reinforcing skeleton transporting the bonding layer is placed in a molding die, and the shape and structure of the molding die are determined according to the thermoplastic composite sheet to be formed. And forming a buffer layer and a protective layer by multi-layer co-extrusion or sequential extrusion coating on the outside of the bonding layer to obtain a plate material, which may include an extruded hollow structure and/or enhanced in the direction of action. Distributing a protruding structure formed by a single profile;
  • the plate is vacuum-cooled or rolled and cooled to obtain a thermoplastic composite plate.
  • the vacuum cooling setting or the rolling cooling setting is a common cooling method, and will not be described here.
  • thermoplastic composite panel can be stored in a roll, or can be cut and stored in a fixed length.
  • the above manufacturing method is for non-cold roll forming, and when the reinforcing skeleton requires cold rolling forming, a cold rolling forming step of reinforcing the skeleton is added between the above steps (1) and (2).
  • the reinforcing skeleton is cold-rolled into a predetermined shape by a cold rolling forming step, for example, distributing a single tree shape, corrugated projections and extensions, bending, flanging, curling, and the like of the edges.
  • Cold rolling forming is a commonly used forming method and will not be described here.
  • thermoplastic composite panel without the mounting hole, and is fixed by the outer sleeve of the connecting member.
  • thermoplastic composite panel needs to be fixed through the mounting hole, the step of reinforcing the skeleton one punching step is added after the above step (1); after the above step (4), the thermoplastic composite panel containing the reinforcing skeleton is added for secondary punching, Cold rolling forming step.
  • the reinforced skeleton primary punching step corresponds to a position where a fixed installation is required, for example: edge, middle portion, etc., punching through a punching machine.
  • the thermoplastic material layer wraps the mounting hole after the punching, and the thermoplastic composite panel needs to be punched again to make the product strengthen the skeleton.
  • the hole of the mounting hole is continuously processed on the surface of the coated thermoplastic material, and after the cold rolling forming, the shape of the mounting hole, the position of the hole and the subsequent thermoplastic composite plate are accurately fixedly assembled or lapped.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种热塑复合板及其制造方法,热塑复合板是具有设定横向宽度、纵向连续延伸并收制成卷或切割成块的板材,热塑性复合板包括增强骨架,在所述增强骨架外包覆有热塑材料层。制造方法包括步骤:(1)对连续输送的增强骨架表面弯曲进行整平、除油除锈处理;(2)对增强骨架加热并涂覆粘合性树脂材料,固化后形成结合层;(3)将增强骨架输送置于成型模具中,热塑材料挤出依次包覆在结合层外制得板材;(4)将板材定型得到热塑复合板。本发明的热塑防护板既具有相当的强度和刚度、又具有相当的缓冲性能,能达到较好的安全防护效果。制造方法生产效率高、工艺简单、生产成本低。

Description

热塑复合板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料技术领域, 涉及一种复合板材及其制造方法, 尤其涉及一种热塑复合板及 其制造方法。 热塑复合板适用于大型场地围护或交通围护, 主要用于牲畜圈养、 大型居住区、 高速 公路、 大型工业基地和大型娱乐场的安全防护。
背景技术
在大型场地围护和交通围护中, 需要使用防护板或护栏, 例如用于农业上的牲畜圈养、大型居住 区、 高速公路、 桥梁、 大型工业基地和大型娱乐场所如赛马场、 赛车场等的安全防撞设施。
以交通围护为例, 主要采用的是道路防撞护栏, 主要用于高速公路、 桥梁等快速路桥两边及中 间的防护体。现有的道路防撞护栏基本上采用波形梁钢护栏。 这种护栏通常采用带有 2~ 3个半波的 波纹状冷轧钢板作为护栏板, 该防护板相互搭接或通过连接件相互拼接并由立柱支撑, 或通过防阻 块与立柱连接组成连续的道路防撞护栏结构, 并利用土基、 立柱、 防阻块、 波形防护板的变形来逐 步吸收碰撞能量, 迫使失控车辆改变方向。 但这种钢护栏材料表面容易锈蚀, 其外观差、 使用寿命 短, 即使完好无损也要定期全面维护, 综合造价与维修费用较高。 并且由于钢护栏的材料硬度高、 刚性大,使失控车辆与钢护栏板相撞的接触时间短,因此吸能能力较差,对车辆和乘员的危害较大。
所以, 基于钢护栏的上述缺陷, 出现了 "以塑代钢"制成的护栏板, 即采用塑料护栏代替钢护 栏。 如公开号为 CN2350430A的中国专利《一种柔性道路护栏》, 公开了采用 PE塑胶材料搪塑而成 的" B" 字形空心结构来提高护栏板的减振性和柔性。 公开号为 CN101023222A的中国专利《树脂护 栏》 公开了通过树脂模压制成, 波浪形截面、 横肋交替排列的空心蜂窝板状基体, 使护栏板具有较 高强度和减震功能。上述护栏板"以塑代钢"的技术解决方案虽然解决了钢护栏容易锈蚀、外观差、 使用寿命短、 吸能能力较差、 对车辆和乘员的危害较大的问题, 但要做到防止车辆越出路外, 必然 要求护栏具有相当的力学强度和刚度, 才能抵挡车辆的冲撞。 由于塑料的弹性模量只有钢的 200 分 之一 (如碳素钢的弹性模量在 190000 Mpa左右, 聚乙烯 (PE) 的弹性模量在 800Mpa左右), 这 种全塑料结构的护栏就需要耗用较多的材料才能达到钢护栏要求的强度, 因此全塑护栏的体积大、 成本很高, 不利于推广使用。
"钢塑复合"是另一种解决方案。如公开号为 CN1393600A的中国专利《复合材料公路护栏及其 生产方法》提出了内埋钢筋或钢丝网, 并与不饱和树脂、 辅料、 玻璃丝布层模压复合的护栏。 公开 号为 CN2644499A的中国专利 《道路护栏构件》提出在钢板或带钢通过冷弯加工成型的波形护栏板 表面覆盖复合挤出成型的高分子材料层。 上述钢塑复合材料的护栏方案中, 模压复合的方式无法连 续生产, 导致生产效率较低; 在波形钢护栏板表面挤塑, 其工艺较为复杂使其成本上升。 更为重要 的是塑钢两种材料之间存在相容性的问题, 造成塑钢之间的剥离强度较低, 在使用和安装过程中易 因塑钢分离, 使护栏板强度和韧性不足, 达不到使用要求并易出现破损; 且塑料与钢材料热胀冷缩 的收縮系数不同, 塑钢之间热胀冷縮后两种材料之间会出现相对滑移使二者的接合面存在空隙, 将 导致湿气从材料表面的破损处沿接合面的空隙进入腐蚀内部的钢材, 降低护栏板的使用寿命, 并造 成安全隐患。 并且上述塑钢护栏都是硬质护栏, 或因塑钢易分离不能收卷和弯曲, 造成运输和储存 不便, 且因护栏板长度有限, 安装所需配件较多, 使其安装繁琐。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,针对现有技术的缺陷,提供一种具有良好防护性能、减少维护、 相对体积小成本低、 材料之间具有良好相容性的热塑复合板。 本发明的热塑防护板既具有相当的强 度和刚度、 又具有相当的缓冲性能, 能达到较好的安全防护效果。
本发明进一步要解决的技术问题在于, 提供一种能连续生产、 提高生产效率、 工艺简单、 生产 成本低的热塑防护板制造方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所釆用的技术方案是: 一种热塑复合板, 是具有设定横向宽度、 纵向连 续延伸并收制成卷或切割成块的板材, 所述热塑性复合板包括增强骨架, 在所述增强骨架外包覆有 热塑材料层。
所述增强骨架与热塑材料层之间无间隙复合成一体结构, 在 20°C ± 5°C条件下, 增强骨架与热 塑材料层之间的剥离强度大于 75N/cm。
所述剥离强度的测试方法为:
a)将热塑材料层沿同一方向划开宽度为 15 mm~25 mm、 长 120 mm以上的长条, 划开时应划 透热塑材料层与增强骨架之间的接合面, 并撬起一端。
b)用材料试验机以小于等于 12 mm/min的速率垂直热塑材料层表面匀速拉起热塑材料层, 记 录测力计数值。 将测定时记录的力值除以热塑材料层的剥离宽度, 即为剥离强度, 单位为 N/cm。
所述热塑复合板中, 所述热塑材料层为复合在一起不分离的三层结构, 由内到外依次为粘接附 着在增强骨架上的结合层、 抗冲击且无破碎的缓冲层和抗老化耐磨的防护层。
所述热塑复合板中, 所述增强骨架选择拉伸强度远高于热塑材料层的至少一件型材纵向或 /和 横向排列而成; 所述增强骨架的拉伸强度与热塑材料层的拉伸强度之比为 1 : 10-1: 150。
所述热塑复合板中,所述结合层为与增强骨架和缓冲层的化学特性相容并相互粘结的粘合性树 脂材料。 所述热塑复合板中, 所述缓冲层包覆所述结合层外且由抗冲击无破碎的高分子材料制成。 所述热塑复合板中, 所述防护层为复合在缓冲层外且具有抗老化性能的高分子材料制成。 所述热塑复合板中, 所述增强骨架在热塑复合板中的重量百分比为 10%~90%, 所述结合层厚 度为 0.1~0.25mm,所述防护层厚度为 0.8mm~10mm,所述缓冲层厚度为结合层和防护层各自的厚度 的 10 200倍。
热塑复合板的制造方法, 包括以下歩骤:
( 1 )、 对连续输送的增强骨架表面弯曲进行整平处理、 对增强骨架表面进行除油除锈处理;
(2)、 接着对增强骨架进行加热处理, 加热后对增强骨架表面涂覆粘合性树脂材料, 固化后形 成热塑材料层中的结合层; 所述加热处理的温度为 90 °C ~110 °C ; 所述结合层的厚度为 0.1~0.25mm。
(3 )、 将附着有结合层的增强骨架输送置于成型模具中, 并将热塑材料多层共挤出或依次挤出 包覆在结合层外形成缓冲层和防护层, 制得板材;
(4)、 将板材真空冷却定型或滚压冷却定型得到热塑复合板。
所述的热塑复合板的制造方法中, 所述步骤 (1 )和歩骤 (2)之间增加: 增强骨架的冷轧成型 歩骤。
所述的热塑复合板的制造方法中, 所述的增强骨架的冷轧成型步骤为: 将增强骨架冷轧制成预 定形状。
所述的热塑复合板的制造方法中, 所述步骤(1 )之后增加: 将增强骨架一次冲孔步骤; 所述步 骤 (4)之后还有: 将包含增强骨架的热塑复合板进行二次冲孔步骤和冷轧成型步骤。
所述的热塑复合板的制造方法中, 所述的将包含增强骨架的热塑复合板进行冷轧成型步骤为: 将包含增强骨架的热塑复合板冷轧制成预定形状。
本发明的热塑复合板主要用于制造安全护栏, 需要负担能量吸收和非破断保护两种角色,通过变 形来吸收碰撞能量,减轻对车辆和人员的伤害, 改变车辆方向,最大限度地减少事故损失的同时, 还 要阻止车辆越出公路, 不能破断。
要想不破断并防止车辆越出路外, 必然要求护栏具有相当的力学强度和刚度, 才能抵挡车辆的 冲撞。 而从保护乘客免受伤害或减轻伤害程度的角度考虑, 希望护栏还要具有一定的柔韧性和缓冲 性能。 很显然, 这两种功能要求是互相矛盾的。 本发明热塑复合板的设计要旨, 就在于创造性地满 足两种互相矛盾的功能要求。
本发明采用增强骨架使得热塑复合板具有相当的力学强度和刚度,并且将增强骨架放置在热塑 复合板的中心或偏置于相对远离作用过程的位置, 增强骨架对复合板整体起到了支撑作用也使得复 合板整体具有对抗碰撞的强度和刚度。 而在增强骨架外采用了热塑材料层实现缓冲作用, 并结合挤 出成型结构和 /或增强骨架的冷轧成型设计, 在作用过程的初始阶段顺势逐步变形缓冲, 在作用过程 的变形结束阶段叠合抗冲击, 使柔性和刚性在一个产品中创造性地在冲撞保护过程的不同阶段分别 发挥其作用, 制成的热塑复合板可以在纵向任意延伸, 长度任意确定, 能弯曲成卷, 方便了运输和 储存。较长的长度方便护栏安装,减少护栏连接件的使用。也可以将很长的热塑复合板切断制成块。
热塑复合板的热塑材料层具有三层一体的复合结构, 这种结构具有较高的优越性能: 首先, 各 层具有不同的功能, 结合层的功能是用于将热塑材料层与增强骨架更好结合, 使他们成为整体。 缓 冲层的功能是通过其韧性和弹性进行缓冲, 在外力冲撞后只发生形变, 不产生破碎, 以免产生大量 飞溅的破片, 引发二次事故, 并结合挤出成型结构和 /或增强骨架的冷轧成型设计, 在作用过程的初 始阶段顺势逐步变形, 延长车辆与护栏的接触时间, 降低冲击峰值, 从而可以保护车辆的人员, 减 少损失和伤害。 防护层是整个复合板最外层结构, 其主要功能是抗老化和耐磨, 对其内部结构进行 保护。
其次, 热塑材料层与增强骨架是一体复合结构, 一体复合结构是指各层之间牢固附着在一起成 为一个整体不分离。 一体结构的形成是依靠材料之间的结合力。 结合层可在增强骨架表面上形成致 密的、 附着力强的一层结构, 同时与缓冲层具有较好相容性, 良好的相容性使得与增强骨架及中间 的缓冲层均较强的结合能力, 防护层与缓冲层也是具有良好相容性能, 在制造过程中, 热塑材料层 与增强骨架之间采用多层共挤出或依次挤出包覆, 并对增强骨架进行除油除锈等表面清洁和加热处 理; 各材料层之间的接合面不会因为结合力不足、 表面杂质产生空隙, 并可防止油脂加速制品的应 力开裂, 从而提高了热塑复合的可靠性和产品的使用寿命。 其剥离强度较高, 弯曲和热胀冷缩后不 会产生材料层之间的相对滑移, 使其能充分发挥热塑复合材料的优点, 在使用和安装过程中具有较 高的强度和韧性。在制造和冷轧成型过程中,材料层之间不易分离,便于收卷和弯曲,方便了运输、 储存和安装, 并可对包含增强骨架的热塑复合板进行二次冲孔和冷轧成型, 使产品增强骨架上的冲 孔处连续包覆热塑材料层。 热塑复合板各部分之间不分离成为一个整体, 大大增强了热塑复合板抗 冲击和缓冲能力, 提高了产品的性能。 解决了现有技术中塑钢材料相容性不好的问题。
本发明的热塑复合板增强骨架主要采用弹性模量、 拉伸强度远远大于热塑材料的型材, 型材可 以采用金属型材或其他有机和无机增强型材, 例如钢带、 钢丝、 聚酯纤维、 玻璃纤维、 碳纤维等, 这种材料具有的优点一是可以提高热塑复合板的强度, 在大弹性模量和高拉伸强度增强骨架的作用 下, 热塑复合板可轻易达到相当的力学强度和刚度。 用于制造道路安全护栏时, 可以抵挡车辆的冲 撞, 防止车辆越出路外。 二是同时具有甚至超出热塑材料结构护栏优良的抗冲击柔性, 极强的防腐 能力及适度的延长度方向的柔韧性等优点。 三是原材料的消耗量显著减少, 与全塑料结构的护栏相 比, 其材料成本不到全塑料结构护栏的三分之一, 消耗的热塑材料不到全塑护栏的五分之一, 使热 塑复合板在达到较好的柔性和高强度的同时, 非常显著地节约了原材料。 四是在一个产品中创造性 地满足了柔性和刚性两种互相矛盾的功能要求。 在作用过程的初始阶段, 通过热塑材料层较好的冲 击柔性, 结合热塑复合板的挤出成型结构和 /或增强骨架的冷轧成型设计顺势逐歩变形, 实现缓冲作 用, 并能够通过挤出成型结构和 /或增强骨架的顺势逐步变形倒伏避免护栏及其零部件刺穿车体, 危 及乘员。 在作用过程的变形结束阶段, 通过增强骨架的变形叠加、 以及热塑材料的阻尼作用, 具有 较高的抗冲击强度和减震功能, 能够防止车辆穿越护栏或倾覆于护栏上。 在作用过程的结束阶段, 由于热塑材料的表面摩擦系数较小, 并结合热塑复合板的较高强度和减震功能, 以及长距离一次性 敷设, 还有利于失控车辆以较小的角度沿护栏顺势导出, 回到行驶车道。 美国 " AASHTO桥梁护栏 指导规范"(1988)把护栏与车辆间的摩擦系数 μ作为评价护栏能否顺滑地改变失控车辆方向的重要 指标。
Figure imgf000006_0001
本发明的热塑复合板的摩擦系数能达到 0~0.35 (如钢在 PTFE树脂上滑动的摩擦系数为 0.1, 在 ΡΕ树脂上滑动的摩擦系数为 0.2, 在 PS树脂上滑动的摩擦系数为 0.35等), 按照此标准, 本发明能 顺滑地改变失控车辆方向。
本发明的制造方法是采用独创的一步法生产工艺, 将增强骨架与熔融的热塑材料采用多层共挤 出或依次挤出包覆,在复合挤出模具内一次完成两种或两种以上材料的复合以及护栏板的结构成型, 结合对增强骨架进行整平、 除油除锈等表面清洁和加热处理, 热塑材料与增强型材之间结合可靠、 复合均匀、 包覆紧密, 热胀冷缩同歩, 并可收卷和弯曲。 真空冷却定型或滚压冷却定型使热塑复合 板具有结构尺寸稳定、 包覆均匀平整等优点, 生产速度可达 8米 /分。 可在 ~50〜70°C范围内使用 30 年以上和保持材料光泽, 比传统的钢护栏不仅寿命增加一倍, 且终生免维护, 还可省略复杂的表面 防腐工艺。
通过对增强骨架整平可消除热塑复合板中出现严重的安装孔偏离和沿长度方向的材料扭曲、 无 法进入复合模的增强骨架连续输送通道等现象。 通过对增强骨架连续不间断地输送, 增强骨架与热 塑材料多层共挤出或依次挤出包覆, 真空冷却定型或滚压冷却定型。 需加工安装孔时再结合增强骨 架一次冲孔, 包含增强骨架的热塑复合板二次冲孔、 冷轧成型。 可以经连续生产, 得到较长长度的 热塑复合板, 不仅能将复合板收卷成卷, 便于运输, 并且连续不间断生产达到较长长度的热塑复合 板, 能提高护栏的安装效率, 长距离一次性敷设还减少了护栏板连接件, 节约成本; 并且柔性适中 的热塑复合护栏板还方便道路弯曲处的护栏设置和安装。 由于车辆与护栏碰撞时做连续滑移运动及 脱离。 所以要求护栏与车辆的接触面要光滑和没有明显的突出物。 长距离一次性敷设, 并结合挤出 成型结构和 /或增强骨架的变形倒伏叠加消除护栏板连接件造成的凸起, 结合热塑材料的表面摩擦系 数较小, 并结合热塑复合板在作用过程的初始阶段较好的冲击柔性, 在作用过程的结束阶段较高强 度和减震功能, 降低了车辆与护栏接触面的摩擦系数, 从而延长车辆与护栏的接触时间, 减小车辆 的减加速度, 达到了保护乘客安全的目的。 附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明, 附图中:
图 1是本发明实施例热塑复合板的结构示意图;
图 2是本发明实施例热塑复合板另一种实施方式的结构示意图。 本
为了对本发明的技术特征、 目的和效果有更加清楚的理解, 现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体 实施方式。
热塑材料层与增强骨架之间剥离强度的测试方法为:
a) 将热塑材料层沿同一方向划开宽度为 15 mm~25 mm、 长 120 mm以上的长条, 划开时应划 透热塑材料层与增强骨架之间的接合面, 并撬起一端。
b)用材料试验机以小于等于 12 mm/min的速率垂直热塑材料层表面匀速拉起热塑材料层, 记 录测力计数值。 将测定时记录的力值除以热塑材料层的剥离宽度, 即为剥离强度, 单位为 N/cm。
实施例 1、 如图 1、 2所示, 一种热塑复合板, 具有设定的横向宽度、 纵向连续延伸并能通过 收卷装置收制成卷的板材, 即热塑性复合板根据现场安装要求, 设定热塑复合板的宽度, 通过连续 生产得到不限定长度的超长板材,为了运输和储存方便,可以将热塑复合板卷成卷,铺设时再展开, 并且在现场根据需要切断, 得到一定长度的热塑复合板。 热塑复合板在生产时也可以定长切断, 得 到一块一块的热塑复合板。
热塑复合板包括增强骨架 4, 在所述增强骨架 4外包覆有热塑材料层, 所述增强骨架 4与热塑 材料层复合成一体的复合板。 在材料选择过程中, 需要按照增强骨架与热塑材料层之间的剥离强度 大于 75N/cm (20°C ± 5°C ) 的条件进行选择, 只有达到了这样的条件, 才能生产出满足本发明要求 的护栏板产品。
由于热塑复合板要具有相当的力学强度和刚度, 由于需要在热塑复合板的整个板体中起到支撑、 抗冲撞作用, 因此, 增强骨架 4选择弹性模量大于热塑材料层的弹性模量、 且拉伸强度远高于热塑 材料层的型材, 型材是指通过轧制、 挤出、 铸造等工艺制成的具有一定几何形状的物体。 所述增强 骨架的拉伸强度与热塑材料层的拉伸强度之比为 1 : 10-1: 100, 还可以选择拉伸强度之比高于 1 : 100, 直至所述增强骨架的拉伸强度与热塑材料层的拉伸强度之比为 1 : 150, 优选增强骨架的拉伸 强度大于 120MPa的型材。 本发明优选拉伸强度远大于热塑材料层的金属型材、 有机增强型材和无 机增强型材, 使用时, 可以单独使用一种型材, 也可以将多种形状不同、 材质不同的型材搭配在一 起使用。金属型材可以选择具有一定宽度的钢带、钢丝,还可以是适宜厚度的型钢(如园型、方型、 角钢、 工字钢、 槽钢等)、 管钢 (如园管、 方管、 异型管等)等或金属纤维(如硼纤维及铝、 钛、 钙 等金属晶须等), 有机和无机增强型材包括无机纤维(如玻璃纤维、 碳纤维、 晶须、 石英纤维、石墨 纤维及陶瓷纤维等)或型材, 有机纤维(如 PAN纤维、 聚乙烯纤维、 PA纤维、 PC纤维、 PVA纤维 及聚酯纤维等) 或型材、 优选便于连续生产的编织片状结构或绞股增强纤维。
所述增强骨架 4为至少一件型材纵向或 /和横向排列而成。选择片状结构的型材时, 可以如图 1 所示, 选择单独的一块型材作为增强骨架 4, 并且片状型材的宽度和长度与热塑复合板宽度和长度 相适应, 不能过窄、 过短起不到支撑和抗冲击的作用。 选择宽度较窄的分布单独条形的其他结构例 如圆钢、钢丝、扁钢、 窄钢带、增强纤维时, 可以根据需要将型材平行、 垂直、交叉、编织成片状、 绞股等各种方式排布后形成增强骨架 4。 如图 2所示, 是将多根圆钢间隔平行排列形成增强骨架 4。
所述热塑材料层为复合在一起不分离的三层结构,由内到外依次为用于与增强骨架 4粘接在一 起的结合层 3、抗冲击且无破碎的缓冲层 2和抗老化的防护层 1,其中所述结合层 3附着在增强骨架 4上且与缓冲层 2粘接成一体。
所述结合层 3为与增强骨架 4和缓冲层 2的化学特性相容并相互粘结的粘合性树脂材料。 结 合层 3所选用的粘合性树脂材料同时对增强骨架 4和缓冲层 2的高分子材料有粘结的作用, 结合层 3选材时同时考虑缓冲层 2和增强骨架 4的材料和性质, 由于本发明增强骨架 4的选材优选为金属 型材或增强纤维型材, 缓冲层 2选择高分子材料中的热塑材料, 则结合层 3就选择对金属或增强纤 维、 热塑材料等多种材料均具有良好的粘接性能, 且能与金属或增强纤维骨架、 热塑材料的缓冲层 2紧密粘接复合在一起的任何材料,对于单独一件型材的增强骨架 4, 结合层 3就结合在该型材的外 表面, 如果选择多件型材排列组合形成的增强骨架 4, 则每个型材的裸露表面都附着有结合层 3。 例如缓冲层 2采用聚烯烃 (PO)类材料, 如聚丙烯(PP)与线性聚乙烯(LLDPE)共混、 增强骨 架 4选择为钢带时, 结合层 3可以选用聚乙烯, 也可以选用乙烯丙烯酸共聚物或其他与金属和聚烯 烃类塑料完全相容的材料。
所述缓冲层 2包覆所述结合层 3外且由抗冲击无破碎的高分子材料制成, 优选为热塑材料。缓 冲层 2抗冲击能力较强并具有弹性, 优先解决在车辆碰撞下热塑复合板硬度过高和易破碎的问题。 可按护栏的防撞等级并综合考虑经济成本, 选择软而柔韧的基体树脂和适当加入高抗冲击树脂、 橡 胶弹性体、 刚性填料以及发泡剂、 阻燃剂制成。
所述防护层 1为复合在缓冲层 2外且具有抗老化性能的高分子材料制成。防护层 1优先克服材 料易老化、 磨损的缺陷。 在基础树脂材料中添加抗氧化剂、 光稳定剂等抗老化材料, 还可以添加抗 菌剂、 纳米自洁材料保持其卫生清洁, 可以添加提高刚度及耐磨性的辅料。
防护层 1的材料中还包含美观醒目的配色、 以及光致发光材料。 需要时, 包覆层也可包含增强 材料表面可印刷性的材料。
作为增强骨架 4的材料不同, 其拉伸强度不同, 考虑到拉伸强度, 所述增强骨架 4在热塑复合 板的重量百分比为 10%~90%, 拉伸强度高的材料, 在热塑复合板中的含量少, 拉伸强度低的材料, 在热塑复合板中的含量高,但其选择优选在 10%〜90%范围内能做到既保持相当的刚性和强度又具有 合适的柔韧性。 结合层 3的厚度选择主要和结合层所选用的材料、 增强骨架的材料以及缓冲层的材 料有关, 不同材料选择不同。 结合层 3 厚度优选为 0.1~0.25mm, 所述防护层 1 厚度为大于 0.8mm~10mm, 防护层的厚度与热塑复合板大小、 防护层材料的选择等各种条件有关, 低于 0.8mm 不利于对缓冲层的保护, 抗老化和耐磨性能也不易把握。 所述缓冲层 2厚度为远大于结合层 3和防 护层 1的厚度,缓冲层 2厚度可以是结合层 3和防护层 1的各自厚度的 10~200倍,各种复合板中各 层厚度主要取决于复合板的强度和抗冲击柔性、 耐冲击破碎等功能要求和所用材料特性。
为了安装方便, 有些热塑复合板需要通过安装孔来安装, 这样就需要在热塑复合板上开设安装 孔, 安装孔的位置可以在热塑复合板的边缘、 中部等多个需要固定的位置, 安装孔位置根据实际需 要设置。 实施例 2、 热塑复合板的制造方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )、对连续输送的增强骨架表面弯曲进行整平处理、对增强骨架表面进行除油除锈处理。 首 先将收成卷状的作为增强骨架的型材连续展开, 对连续输送的增强骨架表面弯曲进行整平处理, 整 平处理是采用辊压矫直的方式, 将增强骨架表面弯曲进行矫直, 如果采用金属型材, 则需刮除金属 型材棱边毛刺; 整平处理前或处理后, 需对增强骨架表面进行除油除锈处理, 或者在整平处理前和 处理后都对增强骨架表面进行除油除锈处理。 除油除锈处理就是采用摩擦方式除去增强骨架表面锈 蚀及其他沉积在增强骨架表面的杂质, 并将摩擦掉落粘附的碎屑用高压气流清除, 保持增强骨架表 面清洁, 防止油脂加速热塑复合制品的高分子材料应力开裂;
(2)、 接着对增强骨架进行加热处理, 将增强骨架从室温提升到与熔融的热塑材料温度接近, 以利于结合层与增强骨架之间更好结合, 并可促使微量粘附油脂的碳化和挥发。 对于金属、 以及可 成为导体的其他极性材料, 可采用高频感应加热的方式进行加热; 对于非极性材料可采用热风、 红 外加热等直接加热的方式进行加热。所述增强骨架加热处理的温度优选为 90°C~110°C ; 加热后对增 强骨架表面涂覆粘合性树脂材料, 粘合性树脂材料包括单组份材料和双组分材料两种, 单组份材料 是直接挤出涂敷在清洁并升温的增强骨架表面, 或先通过水基涂料涂覆在清洁的增强骨架表面, 并 升温使溶剂挥发;双组分材料是首先将其中的底料喷涂在增强骨架表面,再涂覆双组分材料的面料, 经空气降温固化, 固化后形成热塑材料层中的结合层; 优选所述结合层的厚度为 0.1~0.25mm。
(3)、将附着有结合层的增强骨架输送置于成型模具中, 成型模具的形状及其结构根据要制成 的热塑复合板确定。并将热塑材料通过多层共挤出或依次挤出包覆在结合层外形成缓冲层和防护层, 制得板材, 其中可包括延缓冲击的挤出中空结构和 /或沿作用方向增强的分布单条型材形成的外突结 构;
(4)、 将板材真空冷却定型或滚压冷却定型得到热塑复合板, 真空冷却定型或滚压冷却定型是 常用的冷却方式, 在此不再赘述。
得到的热塑复合板可以收卷储存, 也可以定长切断收纳堆放。
上述制造方法是用于非冷轧成型, 当增强骨架需要冷轧成型时, 在上述步骤 (1 ) 和步骤 (2) 之间增加增强骨架的冷轧成型步骤。 通过冷轧成型步骤将增强骨架冷轧制成预定形状, 例如分布单 条树形、 波纹凸起以及延伸、 边部的弯折、 翻边、 卷曲等。 冷轧成型是一种常用的成型方式, 在此 不再赘述。
上述制造方法是用于热塑复合板无安装孔, 通过连接件外箍固定。
当热塑复合板需要通过安装孔固定时, 在上述步骤 (1 )之后增加将增强骨架一次冲孔步骤; 在上述步骤 (4)之后增加将包含增强骨架的热塑复合板二次冲孔、 冷轧成型步骤。
增强骨架一次冲孔步骤是对应于需要固定安装的位置, 例如: 边缘、 中部等, 通过冲孔机进行 冲孔。 一次冲孔后的增强骨架在包覆热塑材料层后, 热塑材料层将一次冲孔后的安装孔包住, 需要再 次对热塑复合板进行二次冲孔, 使产品增强骨架上的安装孔冲孔处连续在线加工包覆热塑材料层, 并在冷轧成型后保证安装孔的形状、 孔位置及以后的热塑复合板准确固定装配或搭接安装。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种热塑复合板, 其特征在于, 是具有设定横向宽度、 纵向连续延伸并收制成卷或切割成块的 板材, 所述热塑性复合板包括增强骨架, 在所述增强骨架外包覆有热塑材料层。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的热塑复合板, 其特征在于, 所述增强骨架与热塑材料层之间无间隙复合 成一体结构, 在 20°C ±5°C条件下, 增强骨架与热塑材料层之间的剥离强度大于 75N/cm。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的热塑复合板, 其特征在于, 所述热塑材料层为复合在一起不分离的三层结 构, 由内到外依次为粘接附着在增强骨架上的结合层、 抗冲击且无破碎的缓冲层和抗老化耐磨的防 护层。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的热塑复合板, 其特征在于, 所述增强骨架选择拉伸强度远高于热塑材料 层的至少一件型材纵向或 /和横向排列而成; 所述增强骨架的拉伸强度与热塑材料层的拉伸强度之比 为 1 : 10-1: 150。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的热塑复合板, 其特征在于, 所述结合层为与增强骨架和缓冲层的化学特 性相容并相互粘结的粘合性树脂材料。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的热塑复合板, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲层包覆所述结合层外且由抗冲击无 破碎的高分子材料制成。
7、 根据权利要求 3所述的热塑复合板, 其特征在于, 所述防护层为复合在缓冲层外且具有抗老化 性能的高分子材料制成。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的热塑复合板, 其特征在于, 所述增强骨架在热塑复合板中的重量百分比 为 10%~90%, 所述结合层厚度为 0.1~0.25mm, 所述防护层厚度为 0.8mm~10mm, 所述缓冲层厚度 为结合层和防护层各自的厚度的 10~200倍。
9、 权利要求 1所述的热塑复合板的制造方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )、 对连续输送的增强骨架表面弯曲进行整平处理、 对增强骨架表面进行除油除锈处理;
(2)、 接着对增强骨架进行加热处理, 加热后对增强骨架表面涂覆粘合性树脂材料, 固化后形 成热塑材料层中的结合层; 所述增强骨架加热处理的温度为 90°C-110°C ; 所述结合层的厚度为 0.1〜0.25mm;
(3 )、 将附着有结合层的增强骨架输送置于成型模具中, 并将热塑材料多层共挤出或依次挤出 包覆在结合层外形成缓冲层和防护层, 制得板材;
(4)、 将板材真空冷却定型或滚压冷却定型得到热塑复合板。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的热塑复合板的制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 (1 )和步骤 (2) 之 间增加: 增强骨架的冷轧成型步骤。
11、 根据权利要求 9所述的热塑复合板的制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述的增强骨架的冷轧成型步 骤为: 将增强骨架冷轧制成预定形状。
12、 根据权利要求 9所述的热塑复合板的制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(1 )之后增加: 将增强 骨架一次冲孔歩骤; 所述步骤(4)之后还有: 将包含增强骨架的热塑复合板进行二次冲孔歩骤和冷 轧成型歩骤。
13、根据权利要求 12所述的热塑复合板的制造方法, 其特征在于, 将包含增强骨架的热塑复合板进 行冷轧成型步骤为将包含增强骨架的热塑复合板冷轧制成预定形状。
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