WO2013081845A1 - Technique de mesure du courant du côté de la tension pour fluide à phases multiples - Google Patents

Technique de mesure du courant du côté de la tension pour fluide à phases multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013081845A1
WO2013081845A1 PCT/US2012/065219 US2012065219W WO2013081845A1 WO 2013081845 A1 WO2013081845 A1 WO 2013081845A1 US 2012065219 W US2012065219 W US 2012065219W WO 2013081845 A1 WO2013081845 A1 WO 2013081845A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impedance
load
metering system
flow
input
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/065219
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sandip Maity
Andrzej Michael MAY
John Robert WARD
Sakethraman MAHALINGHAM
Original Assignee
General Electric Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Company filed Critical General Electric Company
Priority to CN201280059339.8A priority Critical patent/CN103946696A/zh
Priority to JP2014544765A priority patent/JP2015500470A/ja
Priority to BR112014013030A priority patent/BR112014013030A2/pt
Priority to EP12798962.2A priority patent/EP2786132A1/fr
Publication of WO2013081845A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013081845A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
    • G01N27/08—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid which is flowing continuously

Definitions

  • a flow process may include a process in which a fluid flows through a conduit.
  • Flow processes are involved in several different industries, such as the oil and gas, refining, food and beverage, chemical and petrochemical, power generation, pharmaceutical, and water and wastewater treatment industries.
  • the fluid(s) involved in various flow processes may be a single -phase fluid (e.g., gas, water, or a liquid/liquid mixture, etc.) and/or a multi-phase mixture (e.g., oil and sand, or a liquid/solid mixture, etc.).
  • the multi-phase mixture may include a flow of materials having more than one phase, such as a two-phase liquid/gas mixture, a solid/gas mixture, a solid/liquid mixture, a liquid/liquid mixture, a gas entrained liquid or a three-phase mixture.
  • a flow process may be monitored or measured to determine the amounts of different components in the flowing fluids and/or the flow rates of the fluid components. For example, when drawing oil and gas from the ocean, oil, water, gas, and sand may be drawn through a pipe in varying amounts and at varying rates. Measuring the amounts and/or flow rates of such a multi-phase mixture may improve oil and gas production processes. For instance, a process of drawing oil and gas may be adjusted in response to high amounts of water or sand in the drawn mixture.
  • Some techniques for monitoring or measuring different fluid components in oil and gas flow processes include using multi-phase metering systems to measure the impedance of the different fluids flowing through the pipe.
  • flow processes may sometimes involve high-impedance fluids that may be difficult to monitor.
  • parasitic impedances may interfere with accurate monitoring and measuring of the flow process.
  • Conventional multi-phase metering techniques may not be sufficiently accurate in measuring flow processes involving relatively high- impedance fluids and/or high parasitic impedances.
  • One embodiment includes a system configured to measure one or more parameters related to a measured load.
  • the system includes a differential amplifier having a first input and a second input.
  • the system also includes an electrode connected to the first input of the differential amplifier. The electrode is configured to deliver a current through the measured load.
  • a first sensing impedance connected to the first input of the differential amplifier is configured to carry current through one or more of the measured load or a parasitic load in parallel to the measured load.
  • the system also includes a balance load connected to the second input of the differential amplifier and connected to a ground of the system.
  • the balance load is configured to balance the parasitic load.
  • the system further includes a second sensing impedance connected to the second input.
  • the second sensing impedance has an impedance substantially equal to that of the first sensing impedance and is configured to carry current through the balance load.
  • a multi-phase metering system in another embodiment, includes a transport pipe configured to transport one or more flow components of a flow process.
  • the multi-phase metering system also includes one or more electrodes configured to measure one or more parameters of the one or more flow components flowing through the transport pipe.
  • the multi-phase metering system includes measurement electronics having measurement circuitry in communication with the one or more electrodes.
  • the measurement circuitry includes a balance load having an impedance that is substantially equal to a parasitic impedance of the multi-phase metering system.
  • Another embodiment includes a method of monitoring a flow parameter in a multi-phase fluid metering system.
  • the method includes sensing a differential voltage drop across a portion of flowing components in the multi-phase fluid metering system and using a balance load to balance a parasitic impedance of the multi-phase fluid metering system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-phase metering system for determining a parameter associated with one or more fluids flowing through a pipe, in accordance with techniques of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 2-4 are schematic diagrams of a cross-sectional view of pipe in a multi-phase metering system, in accordance with techniques of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a sensor connected to multi-phase metering circuitry, in accordance with techniques of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of circuitry suitable for measuring currents through a multi-phase flow process, in accordance with techniques of the present disclosure.
  • an impedance measurement system includes a multi-phase metering system which may include electrodes arranged about a conduit. The electrodes may be configured to transmit and/or receive current through the conduit and/or through the fluids flowing through the conduit. The multi-phase metering system may also include circuitry suitable for calculating and processing various parameters of the fluid(s) flowing through the conduit based on the electrode measurements.
  • the multi-phase metering system 10 includes a conduit, such as a duct or a pipe 12 suitable for transporting fluids.
  • the system 10 may include one or more electrodes 14 arranged about the transport pipe 12, and the electrodes 14 may be electrically connected to measurement electronics 16 having circuitry 18 and one or more processors 17 suitable for receiving and analyzing electrode measurements to determine one or more parameters related to the fluids flowing through the pipe 12.
  • flow components oil, water, gas, and/or sand, referred to generally as flow components, may be drawn through a marine production platform through the pipe 12.
  • Such flow components may flow simultaneously through the pipe 12, and the distribution of the different flow components may also flow in various patterns within the pipe 12.
  • the pipe 12 may have a substantially circular cross section and may be suitable for transporting various types of flow components.
  • the flow components may flow in different axial and/or radial patterns and may be stratified and/or non-stratified within the pipe 12.
  • the multi-phase metering system 10 may be used to monitor parameters related to the flow patterns of the various flow components through the transport pipe 12.
  • the system 10 may by used to continuously measure one or more parameters, such as flow velocity, volume flow rate, etc., of the flow components.
  • the system 10 may include one or more electrodes 14 disposed about the pipe 12.
  • the electrodes 14 may be arranged in an electrode body 15 having a substantially circular cross section.
  • the electrode body 15 may be positioned concentrically in relation to the pipe 12, such that when the flow components travel through the pipe 12, one or more parameters of a portion of the flow components traveling through a cross-section of the pipe 12 may be measured.
  • the electrodes 14 may be suitable for measuring electrical characteristics of the flow components traveling through the cross-sectional area of the pipe 12 around which the electrode body 15 is positioned.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross- sectional illustration of the pipe 12 having multiple electrodes 14 arranged concentrically with a cross-section of the pipe 12.
  • one or more electrodes 14 e.g., a transmit electrode 14a
  • a corresponding electrode 14 e.g., a receive electrode 14b
  • the measurement electronics 16 may be suitable for transmitting a current to the flow components.
  • the measurement electronics 16 may include a signal generator which may be used to apply an AC voltage to the pipe 12 and flow components through the transmit electrode 14.
  • the measurement electronics 16 may also include circuitry 18 suitable for measuring and outputting the electrical response of the flow components.
  • each electrode pair may be oppositely disposed, such as transmit and receive electrodes 14a and 14b, 14c and 14d, 14e and 14f, and 14g and 14h, respectively.
  • electrode pairs may be adjacently paired, such as transmit and receive electrodes 14i and 14j, 14k and 141, 14m and 14n, and 14o and 14p, respectively.
  • electrode pairs may be otherwise differently paired such as transmit and receive electrodes 14q and 14r, 14s and 14t, 14u and 14v, and 14w and 14x, respectively.
  • electrode pairs may be arranged and configured to transmit currents and/or measure an electrical condition of the flow components traveling through the pipe 12.
  • FIGS. 2-4 each include eight electrodes 14 disposed around an axial cross-section of the pipe 12, in other embodiments, different numbers of electrodes 14 may be arranged around an axial cross-section of the pipe 12, and electrodes 14 may also be arranged at multiple axial cross-sections of the pipe 12.
  • a multi-phase metering system 10 may involve different arrangements of electrodes 14 around the pipe 12. For example, an electrode pair may be arranged across a longitudinal length of the pipe 12.
  • the electrodes 14 may be disposed over an inner surface of the pipe 12 (i.e., disposed on a side of the pipe 12 adjacent to the flow components), as illustrated in FIGS. 1-4. In other embodiments, the electrodes 14 may also be disposed on an outer surface of the pipe 12 (i.e., disposed on a side of the pipe 12 opposite of the flow components), as illustrated in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, a shielding of the electrode 14 may be connected to measurement circuitry 18 by a shielding 24 of a coaxial cable 20
  • the electrical field generated between each electron pair may be measured and analyzed by measurement electronics 16 of the multi-phase metering system 10 to determine various parameters of the flow components based on the measured electrical conditions.
  • the measurement electronics 16 may include a processor 17 which may determine various parameters based on the measured electrical characteristics of the flow components.
  • the processor 17 may determine the differential voltage between an electrode pair (e.g., transmit electrode 14a and receive electrode 14b) to determine the impedance of one or more flow components traveling between the electrode pair.
  • the processor 17 may determine various parameters of the flow components, such as quantity, flow velocity, volume flow rate, etc., of different flow components based on the measured impedance.
  • the processor 17 may decompose a cross-section of the flow stream through a cross-sectional area of the pipe 12 based on the electrode measurements of the electrode body 15 disposed about the cross sectional area.
  • undesirable parasitic impedances may sometimes interfere with accurately measuring differential voltages and/or sensing current through the flow components traveling through the pipe 12.
  • flow components that move at relatively high velocities through the pipe 12 and have relatively small changes in load impedance may be difficult to accurately measure and analyze.
  • fluids drawn during oil and gas production may flow through a pipe 12 at a relatively high velocity.
  • Such flow components may flow in different axial and/or radial patterns in the pipe 12 at relatively high frequencies.
  • the quantities of the different flow components drawn through the pipe 12 may change during the flow process, but significant changes in the ratio of different flow components may result in relatively small changes in the load impedance which may be difficult to detect. Moreover, small changes in impedance may be particularly difficult to detect when parasitic impedances interfere with the metering system. In some systems, relatively large parasitic impedances may draw a leakage current that is larger than the load current, or the current measured between an electrode pair.
  • the measurement electronics 16 may include circuitry 18 that compensates for parasitic impedances, such that the load current may be more accurately detected.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram representing measurement circuitry 18 in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the measurement circuitry 18 represents the electronic relationship between a transmit and receive electrode pair (e.g., transmit electrode 14a and receive electrode 14b from FIG. 2).
  • the resistance R sen se 26 may represent the resistance of a receive electrode 14b which may be connected to an input 38 of a differential amplifier 30 and a grounded DC power supply 36.
  • the power supply 36 may represent the current transmitted by a transmit electrode 14a.
  • the circuitry 18 may amplify the differential voltage drop across the high-side R sen se 26 to determine the current flowing through the flow components of the pipe 12.
  • the flow components is represented as the load 28 in the circuitry 18 and connected in series to the Rsense 26.
  • Parasitic impedances that may draw current from the power source 36 are represented in the circuitry 18 as a parasitic load 32 in parallel to the measured load 28.
  • the current drawn through the parasitic load 32 may be greater than the current drawn through the measured load 28.
  • the differential amplifier 30, which may conventionally have another input 40 connected to ground, may not be able to accurately measure the differential voltage through the measured load 28 due to the large common mode voltage created by the parasitic load 32 in parallel with the measured load 28.
  • the measurement circuitry 18 may include a balance load 34 connected between the input 40 of the differential amplifier 30 and the power source ground.
  • the circuitry 18 may also include a second resistance R sen se' 44 connected to the power supply 36 in series with the balance load 34 and in parallel with the sense resistance R sen se 26.
  • the balance load 34 may have an impedance that is substantially equal to the impedance of the parasitic load 32, and the second resistance R sen se ' 44 may be substantially equal to the sense resistance R sen se 26.
  • the voltage drop from the current flowing through the balancing load 34 may be substantially equal to the voltage drop from the current flowing through the parasitic load 32.
  • the differential amplifier 30 may produce an output 42 that is proportional to the difference in the voltages at its two inputs 38 and 40, the impedance of the parasitic capacitance 32 may not significantly affect the output 42 of the differential amplifier 30 when the balancing impedance 34 is equal to the parasitic impedance 32.
  • the output 42 of the differential amplifier 30 may be proportional to the difference in voltage measured across the flow components between a transmit (e.g., electrode 14a) and a receive (e.g., electrode 14b) electrode pair, the output 42 may be used to determine characteristics of the measured flow components.
  • multiple electrode pairs e.g., electrode pair 14a and 14b, electrode pair 14c and 14d, and electrode pair 14 e and 14f
  • the output 42 may be transmitted in parallel to one or more processors 17.
  • each of multiple processors 17 may be used to process each of the outputs 42 from multiple electrode pair measurements in parallel.
  • multiple outputs 42 may be multiplexed to one processor 17 for processing.
  • the one or more processors 17 may determine electrical characteristics, such as the impedance, of the flow components measured between each electrode pair. Based on the continuously measured outputs 42, the one or more processors 17 may determine parameters of different flow components substantially in real time. For example, the one or more processors 17 may continuously determine the quantity, flow velocity, volume flow rate, etc., of different flow components during a measurement process.
  • the R se nse' 44 may be between 10 ⁇ to 1
  • R sen se' 44 may be approximately 200 ⁇ .
  • the balance load 34 may have an impedance between 1 pF to 500 pF.
  • the balance load 34 may have an impedance of approximately 30 pF.
  • the magnitude of the impedance of the measured load 28 may be between 5 ⁇ and 1 ⁇ .
  • each of the R se nse' 44, balance load 34, and measured load 28 may be different depending on the load being measured and/or the system used to measure the load.
  • the parasitic load 32 may be affected by parameters such as the length of the coaxial cable 20 and/or the impedance of the measured load 28. Therefore, to balance the voltage drop across an estimated parasitic load 32, the balance load 34 may be based on the length of the coaxial cable 20, the impedance of the measured load 28, and/or a known parasitic load impedance.
  • the measurement circuitry 18 may include elements having different electrical responses to the current supplied by the power supply 36.
  • the resistor R sen se 26 generally represents a resistance of the sensing electronics in an electrode 14
  • the sensing electronics may include additional elements having a capacitance in addition to the resistance represented by resistor R sen se 26.
  • the balance load 34 may have a resistive component to substantially match the impedance of the parasitic load 32.
  • multi-phase metering systems are described in the disclosure as one example for an impedance measuring system with parasitic impedance balancing circuitry, one or more embodiments may be suitable for different types of measuring systems and may not be limited to multi-phase metering.
  • oil and gas production is used as an example for an industry in which the present multi-phase metering techniques may be utilized, the present disclosure may be applied to other industries and is not limited to oil and gas production.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des techniques permettant de mesurer un ou plusieurs paramètres dans un système de mesure à phases multiples. Le système de mesure à phases multiples comporte une structure de transport conçue pour transporter un ou plusieurs composants de flux d'un procédé de flux. Des électrodes peuvent être disposées de manière concentrique avec une section transversale de la structure de transport pour déterminer les paramètres des fluides s'écoulant à travers la zone de la section transversale. Le système de mesure à phases multiples comporte une électronique de mesure qui possède un circuit de mesure comportant une charge d'équilibre ayant une impédance sensiblement égale à une impédance parasite du système de mesure à phases multiples. L'électronique de mesure comporte également un processeur apte à déterminer un ou plusieurs paramètres, tels que la vitesse d'écoulement, le volume d'écoulement, etc., sur la base d'un courant détecté par le circuit de mesure.
PCT/US2012/065219 2011-11-30 2012-11-15 Technique de mesure du courant du côté de la tension pour fluide à phases multiples WO2013081845A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201280059339.8A CN103946696A (zh) 2011-11-30 2012-11-15 用于多相流体的高侧电流测量技术
JP2014544765A JP2015500470A (ja) 2011-11-30 2012-11-15 多相流体の高位の電流測定技法
BR112014013030A BR112014013030A2 (pt) 2011-11-30 2012-11-15 sistema configurado, sistema de medição multifásica e método de monitoramento
EP12798962.2A EP2786132A1 (fr) 2011-11-30 2012-11-15 Technique de mesure du courant du côté de la tension pour fluide à phases multiples

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN4131/CHE/2011 2011-11-30
IN4131CH2011 2011-11-30

Publications (1)

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WO2013081845A1 true WO2013081845A1 (fr) 2013-06-06

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EP (1) EP2786132A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2015500470A (fr)
CN (1) CN103946696A (fr)
BR (1) BR112014013030A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013081845A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10746681B2 (en) 2018-04-03 2020-08-18 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Non-fouling liquid electrodes

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DE19506011A1 (de) * 1995-02-17 1996-08-22 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung des Störsignalanteils bei einem Gassensor mit Heizelement
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US6664793B1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-12-16 Allen R. Sampson Fluid presence and qualitative measurements by transient immitivity response
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DE3918695C1 (en) * 1989-06-08 1990-09-13 Digi-Table Thielen Gmbh & Co Kg, 4300 Essen, De Resistance measuring circuit with differential amplifier - has voltage measurement device with input differential amplifier, and constant current source
DE19506011A1 (de) * 1995-02-17 1996-08-22 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung des Störsignalanteils bei einem Gassensor mit Heizelement
US6244744B1 (en) * 1998-05-20 2001-06-12 James Calvin Three-wire RTD interface
US6755086B2 (en) * 1999-06-17 2004-06-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Flow meter for multi-phase mixtures
US6664793B1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-12-16 Allen R. Sampson Fluid presence and qualitative measurements by transient immitivity response

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10746681B2 (en) 2018-04-03 2020-08-18 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Non-fouling liquid electrodes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2015500470A (ja) 2015-01-05
EP2786132A1 (fr) 2014-10-08
BR112014013030A2 (pt) 2017-06-13
CN103946696A (zh) 2014-07-23

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