WO2013078922A1 - 工程机械的臂架的加载设备 - Google Patents

工程机械的臂架的加载设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013078922A1
WO2013078922A1 PCT/CN2012/082706 CN2012082706W WO2013078922A1 WO 2013078922 A1 WO2013078922 A1 WO 2013078922A1 CN 2012082706 W CN2012082706 W CN 2012082706W WO 2013078922 A1 WO2013078922 A1 WO 2013078922A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
loading device
loading
base
trolley
boom
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PCT/CN2012/082706
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邝昊
余德海
易滔
Original Assignee
中联重科股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
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Application filed by 中联重科股份有限公司, 湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司 filed Critical 中联重科股份有限公司
Publication of WO2013078922A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013078922A1/zh

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
    • G01M5/005Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
    • G01M5/0058Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0023Bending

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction machinery, and in particular to a loading device for a boom of a construction machine. Background technique
  • the boom (tube) is a component device commonly used in construction machinery.
  • a boom is usually provided, and the concrete is conveyed to a position far away by a predetermined distance by a duct attached thereto.
  • the length of the boom is usually long (a dozen meters or tens of meters), and the material is transported in the duct attached to the boom during operation, the load on the boom is relatively large. For this reason, when designing a concrete pump truck of a specific type, it is necessary to select a boom with different specifications according to the intended working condition of the concrete pump truck, so that the boom can be adapted to a predetermined working condition. For example, in the case of relatively harsh conditions, the boom is required to have high strength and fatigue durability.
  • the loading device can only load a single loading point at a fixed position of each boom, and the efficiency of the loading test.
  • the accuracy of the load simulation is not high, so the fatigue design of the boom still relies mainly on the designer's experience and customer feedback to improve, the development cycle is longer, and the efficiency is relatively low.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a loading device for a boom of a construction machine which is a device capable of performing strength and fatigue tests on the boom, thereby improving the accuracy of the boom test.
  • the present invention provides a loading device for a boom of a construction machine, the loading device comprising: a rail; at least one supporting trolley, the at least one supporting trolley being slidably disposed on the rail, each The support trolley has a first locking device capable of locking the support trolley to the track; at least one loading device, the at least one loading device comprising a base and a loading mechanism mounted on the base, each loading device The base is disposed on the corresponding support trolley; at least one clamp for clamping the boom, the at least one clamp being mounted on the corresponding loading mechanism.
  • the first locking device is located on a side of the support trolley.
  • each of the support carriages is provided with a first drive for driving the support trolley to move along the track on the track.
  • the base of at least one of said loading devices is movably disposed in a lateral direction on a corresponding support trolley.
  • At least one of the loading devices is provided with a second actuator for driving the base of the loading device to move in a lateral direction on the corresponding supporting carriage.
  • At least one of the support trolleys is provided with a sliding slot extending in a lateral direction, and a base of each of the loading devices is provided with a lug that cooperates with the sliding slot, and is disposed on a base of each loading device.
  • the bumps are assembled in the corresponding chutes of the supporting trolley.
  • each loading device has a second locking device that is capable of locking the loading device to a corresponding support trolley.
  • the second locking device comprises: a long slot, the long slot is disposed on the base of the loading device in a lateral direction; and a fastener, the fastener is inserted through the long slot Supporting the corresponding positioning holes of the trolley and fixing the loading device to a predetermined position.
  • each loading mechanism includes a loading bar that is vertically reciprocally mounted to the base.
  • the loading mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, and a cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted to the base, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder constitutes the loading rod.
  • the cylinder is hinged to the base; and/or the end of the piston rod is hinged with a corresponding clamp.
  • the at least one support trolley can slide on the rail to adapt to the boom of different specifications.
  • at least one of the support trolleys is provided with loading means capable of loading the booms, thereby providing specialized equipment capable of testing various booms.
  • the load under actual working conditions can be well simulated, the prediction of the strength and fatigue durability of the boom can be realized, and the work efficiency and accuracy of testing the boom can be improved, thereby realizing the invention. purpose.
  • FIG. 1 is a reference view of a use state of a loading device of a boom of a construction machine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the support trolley supporting the loading device of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the supporting trolley viewed in the lateral direction
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the supporting trolley of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the loading device mated with the support trolley shown in Figures 3 and 4 as viewed in the lateral direction;
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the loading device shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic cylinder used as a loading device. detailed description
  • the loading device of the boom of the construction machine comprises: a track 100; at least one support carriage 200, the at least one support carriage 200 being slidably disposed on the track 100
  • the at least one of the support trolleys 200 has a first locking device 201 capable of locking the support carriage 200 to the rail 100; at least one loading device 300, the at least one loading device 300 comprising a base 301 and mounted on a loading mechanism 302 on the base 301, a base 301 of the at least one loading device 300 is disposed on the corresponding supporting carriage 200; at least one clamp 400 for clamping the boom 600, the at least one clamp 400 is mounted on the corresponding Loading mechanism.
  • the track 100 slidably supports at least one of the support carts 200.
  • the at least one support trolley 200 can be placed at different positions of the track 100 according to different operating conditions, so that load tests can be performed on the booms of different specifications.
  • the loading device 300 is disposed on each of the supporting carts 200, the boom can be loaded at a plurality of different positions, so that the force of the boom can be more closely simulated to obtain more Accurate test results.
  • the auxiliary fixture mounted on the frame can be used to hold the boom to be tested, and the loading of the boom can be carried out by using a loading device on the supporting trolley.
  • the track 100 and the support trolley 200 slidably disposed on the track 100 can have a variety of fits to meet the requirements for relative sliding.
  • the track 100 can be similar to a rail track, the support trolley 200 can have wheels that move along the rail track; or the track 100 can be a structure with a chute, and the support trolley 200 can be a structure with a slider, a slider With slip
  • the slots cooperate to meet the requirements for supporting relative sliding between the trolley 200 and the track 100.
  • the supporting locking device 201 can be locked to the predetermined position by the first locking device 201, thereby ensuring the support during the loading test.
  • the trolley 200 is located at a reliable and accurate position of the track 100 in the longitudinal direction (Y direction in Fig. 2).
  • the first locking device 201 can have a variety of ways. For example, it may be a rail locker, or it may be a releasable stop of various forms, or it may be an electromagnetic positioner or the like.
  • the first locking device 201 can be disposed at any suitable position for supporting the cart 200.
  • the first locking device 201 is located on the side of the supporting cart 200 for operation by an operator.
  • Each of the support carts 200 may have no power, and when moving relative to the track 100, the operator supports each of the support carts 200 to a predetermined position.
  • at least one support trolley 200 is provided with a first driver 204 for driving the support carriage 200 to move along the track 100 on the track 100, thereby enabling automatic driving support.
  • the first driver 204 can take a variety of forms, such as an electric motor or an engine.
  • the supporting carriage 200 is provided with a corresponding loading device 300, and the base 301 of the loading device 300 is mounted on the corresponding supporting carriage 200, thereby allowing the loading device 300 to move as the supporting carriage 200 slides.
  • the loading mechanism 302 of the loading device 300 is provided with a jig 400, whereby the jig 400 can be used to hold the predetermined position of the boom 600 to be tested to load the boom 600.
  • the base 301 of the loading device 300 can be fixedly mounted on the corresponding support cart 200.
  • the base 301 can be secured to the corresponding support carriage 200 by welding or fasteners (e.g., bolted).
  • the base 301 of at least one of the loading devices 300 is The transverse direction (i.e., the X direction in Fig. 4) is movably disposed on the corresponding supporting carriage 200 along with respect to the track 100, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • the base 301 of the loading device 300 can also be fixed to the corresponding support trolley 200.
  • the position of the corresponding loading device 300 on each of the supporting carts 200 in the lateral direction can be adjusted, thereby achieving reliable clamping of the boom 600 and load.
  • the movable setting of the base 301 relative to the support trolley 200 can be achieved in a variety of ways.
  • at least one of the supporting carriages 200 is provided with a sliding slot 202 extending in a lateral direction, and the base 301 of each loading device 300 is provided with the sliding
  • the bumps 304 that the slots 202 are engaged with, the bumps 304 provided on the base 301 of each loading device 300 are assembled in the sliding slots 202 of the corresponding supporting trolleys 200.
  • a slider is provided on the support carriage 200, and a chute is provided on the base 301 of the corresponding loading device 300.
  • a pulley is provided on the base 301 of the loading device 300 so that sliding can be achieved by the pulley.
  • Each loading device 300 can be set to be unpowered, but is moved in a lateral direction on the corresponding supporting carriage 200 under the push of an operator, so that the loading device 300 is positioned at a predetermined position in the lateral direction to achieve Reliable clamping of the boom 600.
  • At least one loading device 300 is provided with a second drive (not shown) for driving the base 301 of the loading device 300 to move in a lateral direction on the corresponding support carriage 200.
  • the loading device 300 is automatically driven by the second drive to move along the corresponding support carriage 200 in the lateral direction.
  • the second driver can be an electric motor or an engine.
  • each loading device 300 has the ability to lock the loading device 300 to the corresponding supporting carriage 200.
  • Second locking device Therefore, when the loading test is performed, the loading device 300 can be locked on the corresponding supporting trolley 200 by the second locking device to prevent the loading device 300 from moving during the loading test to ensure reliable and efficient loading. test.
  • the second locking device can take a variety of forms, for example in a similar form to the first locking device (although the size model may need to be adjusted).
  • the second locking device comprises: a long slot 305 disposed in a lateral direction on the base 301 of the loading device 300; and a fastener 306, the fastener 306 is inserted into the corresponding positioning hole 203 of the supporting carriage 200 through the long slot 305 and fixes the loading device 300 at a predetermined position.
  • the position of the long slot 305 relative to the supporting carriage 200 changes accordingly.
  • the fastener 306 can be fixed in the corresponding positioning hole 203 of the supporting trolley 200 through the long slot 305, thereby realizing the loading device 300 relative to the loading device 300.
  • the support trolley 200 is fixed at a predetermined position.
  • the fasteners 306 can be released, then the loading device 300 can be moved to another predetermined position, and the fasteners 306 can be tightened to achieve fixation at another predetermined location.
  • the long slot 305 can be placed in a suitable position on the base 301.
  • the positioning holes 203 of the support carriage 200 are distributed on both sides of the chute 202, so that a more uniform fixing action of the loading device 300 can be achieved.
  • this arrangement also facilitates the fabrication of the loading device 300.
  • each of the loading devices 300 includes a loading mechanism 302 mounted to the base 301, which can apply a torsional moment to the boom 600, and can also apply a pulling force or thrust (a bending moment acts on the boom 600). Since most of the boom 600 is subjected to bending moments in the actual working environment, preferably, as shown in Fig. 7, each loading mechanism 302 includes a loading bar 303 that is vertically reciprocally mounted to the base 301.
  • the loading mechanism may be a mechanism such as a rack and pinion mechanism or a crank slider mechanism that can realize linear movement.
  • the reciprocating movement of the loading rod 303 mentioned here in the vertical direction should be from an engineering point of view. Understand, not an absolute mathematical perspective.
  • vertical direction is meant that the loading bar 303 can reciprocate substantially perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and that the angle between the longitudinal axis of the loading bar 303 and the horizontal plane is less than 90 degrees.
  • the angle between the longitudinal axis of the loading rod 303 and the horizontal plane is between 75 and 90, and it can be considered from the technical point of view that the loading rod 303 can reciprocate in the vertical direction.
  • the angle between the longitudinal axis of the loading rod 303 and the horizontal plane is between 80 and 90 degrees.
  • the loading mechanism 302 includes a hydraulic cylinder 500.
  • the cylinder 501 of the hydraulic cylinder 500 is fixedly mounted to the base 301, and the piston rod 502 of the hydraulic cylinder 500 constitutes the loading rod. 303.
  • the cylinder block 501 is hinged to the base 301; and/or the end of the piston rod 502 is hinged with a corresponding clamp 400.
  • the above hinged connection facilitates the mounting and dismounting between the hydraulic cylinder 500 and the base 301, and also facilitates the installation and disassembly between the piston rod 502 and the clamp 400, and is also convenient for maintenance.
  • the hinged connection between the hydraulic cylinder 500 and the base 301 and/or the hinged connection between the piston rod 502 and the clamp 400 the direction of action of the loading force acting on the boom 600 can be maintained at a set angle with the boom. .
  • the plurality of support carriages 200 can slide on the rail 100 to accommodate different sizes of booms.
  • each of the support carts 200 is provided with a loading device 300 capable of loading the boom, thereby providing a special device capable of performing load tests on various booms.
  • the loading test is carried out, the load under actual working conditions can be well simulated, the prediction of the strength and fatigue durability of the boom can be realized, and the work efficiency and accuracy of the loading test of the boom can be improved, and the present invention can be realized.
  • the purpose of the invention is carried out.
  • the plurality of support carts 200 can be moved along the rail 100 to a predetermined position, respectively, so as to be able to be used according to the needs of the working conditions.
  • a personalized loading point arrangement is provided for the above boom. For example, for a plurality of arm sections of the boom, it is preferable to load a corresponding one of the arm sections with one loading device 300 supporting the trolley 200; or to load a corresponding one of the arm sections by using the loading device 300 of the two supporting trolleys 200.
  • the position of the loading device 300 on the supporting trolley 200 in the lateral direction can be adjusted as needed to adapt to the longitudinal extension of the boom; when loading, different supporting trolleys
  • the loading device 300 on the 200 can apply different loading loads.
  • the loading device 300 of the supporting trolley 200 located at both ends of the boom can mainly apply a clamping force to the boom, while the remaining loading devices 300 supporting the trolley 200 can Tensile force, thrust, torsional load in different directions, etc. are applied to the loading point of the boom as needed to simulate the actual working condition of the boom as much as possible. And various data were collected during the test to obtain information on the fatigue and strength of the boom.
  • the loading test plan is designed according to the application condition of the boom. Therefore, the loading conditions can be freely designed for different booms, and the loading device supporting the trolley is very flexible, and the position of the loading point can be quickly positioned.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

一种工程机械的臂架的加载设备,该加载设备包括:轨道(100);至少一个支撑台车(200),该至少一个支撑台车可滑动地设置在所述轨道上,该至少一个所述支撑台车(200)具有能够将该支撑台车(200)锁定于所述轨道(100)的第一锁止装置(201);至少一个加载装置(300),该至少一个加载装置包括底座(301)和安装在该底座(301)上的加载机构(302),每个加载装置(300)的底座(301)设置在对应的支撑台车(200)上;用于夹持臂架(600)的至少一个夹具(400),该至少一个夹具(400)安装在对应的加载机构(302)上。通过上述技术方案,每个支撑台车(200)能够在轨道(100)上滑动,从而适应于不同长度规格的臂架(600),而且每个支撑台车(200)上设置有能够对臂架(600)进行加载的加载装置(300),从而提供能够对各种臂架进行疲劳试验的专门设备。

Description

工程机械的臂架的加载设备
技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械领域, 具体地, 涉及工程机械的臂架的加载设备。 背景技术
臂架 (管) 是工程机械中常用的部件装置。 例如, 在混凝土泵车中通 常设置有臂架, 通过附着其上的输送管, 将混凝土输送到预定距离远的位 置。
由于臂架的长度通常较长(十几米或几十米), 而且在工作过程中附着 在臂架上的输送管中输送有物料, 因此臂架所承受的载荷也相对较大。 为 此, 在设计某一具体型号的混凝土泵车时, 需要根据该混凝土泵车所预定 适用的工况而选择不同规格参数的臂架, 以使臂架能够适用于预定的工况。 例如, 对于工况相对严酷的情形, 则需要臂架具有较高的强度和疲劳耐久 性。
因而, 在臂架从设计到制造出成品后, 需要经过加载试验后才能真正 装配到工程机械上, 以确保臂架的可靠安全使用。
然而, 目前来说, 已有的臂架加载试验设备在针对多臂节结构进行试 验时, 加载装置只能分别对每节臂架在固定的位置进行单个加载点的加载, 其加载试验的效率低, 载荷模拟的精确度不高, 因此臂架的疲劳设计仍主 要依靠设计者的经验以及客户对的反馈来进行改进, 研发周期较长, 效率 相对低下。
因此, 如何提供一种能够对臂架进行强度和疲劳试验的专门设备, 以 通过更准确地实现载荷模拟来提高对臂架进行强度和疲劳试验的准确性, 已经成为本领域需要解决的技术问题。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种工程机械的臂架的加载设备, 该设备为一种 能够对臂架进行强度和疲劳试验的设备, 从而提高臂架试验的准确性。
为了实现上述目的, 本发明提供一种工程机械的臂架的加载设备, 该 加载设备包括: 轨道; 至少一个支撑台车, 该至少一个支撑台车可滑动地 设置在所述轨道上, 每个所述支撑台车具有能够将该支撑台车锁定于所述 轨道的第一锁止装置; 至少一个加载装置, 该至少一个加载装置包括底座 和安装在该底座上的加载机构, 每个加载装置的底座设置在对应的支撑台 车上; 用于夹持臂架的至少一个夹具, 该至少一个夹具安装在对应的加载 机构上。
优选地, 所述第一锁止装置位于所述支撑台车的侧面。
优选地, 每个支撑台车上设置有用于驱动该支撑台车在所述轨道上沿 该轨道移动的第一驱动器。
优选地, 至少一个所述加载装置的底座可沿横向方向移动地设置在对 应的支撑台车上。
优选地, 至少一个加载装置上设置有用于驱动该加载装置的底座在对 应的支撑台车上沿横向方向移动的第二驱动器。
优选地, 至少一个所述支撑台车上设置有沿横向方向延伸的滑槽, 每 个所述加载装置的底座上设置有与所述滑槽配合的凸块, 每个加载装置的 底座上设置的凸块装配在对应的支撑台车的滑槽中。
优选地, 每个加载装置具有能够将该加载装置锁定于对应的支撑台车 上的第二锁止装置。
优选地, 所述第二锁止装置包括: 长槽孔, 该长槽孔沿横向方向设置 在所述加载装置的底座上; 和紧固件, 该紧固件穿过所述长槽孔插入所述 支撑台车的对应的定位孔中并将所述加载装置固定于预定的位置。
优选地, 所述支撑台车的定位孔分布在所述滑槽的两侧。 优选地, 每个加载机构包括可竖直往复移动地安装于该底座的加载杆。 优选地, 所述加载机构包括液压缸, 该液压缸的缸体固定安装于所述 底座, 所述液压缸的活塞杆构成所述加载杆。
优选地, 所述缸体铰接于所述底座; 和 /或所述活塞杆的端部铰接有对 应的夹具。
通过上述技术方案, 所述至少一个支撑台车能够在轨道上滑动, 从而 适应于不同规格的臂架。 而且至少一个支撑台车上设置有能够对臂架进行 加载的加载装置, 从而提供能够对各种臂架进行试验的专门设备。 在进行 试验时, 能够很好的模拟实际工作状态下的载荷, 实现对臂架强度和疲劳 耐久性的预测, 同时也能够提高对臂架进行试验的工作效率和准确性, 进 而实现本发明的目的。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说 明。 附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并且构成说明书的一部分, 与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明, 但并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中:
图 1 是根据本发明优选实施方式的工程机械的臂架的加载设备的使用 状态参考图;
图 2是图 1中支撑有加载装置的支撑台车的结构示意图;
图 3是沿横向方向观察的支撑台车的示意图;
图 4是图 3中支撑台车的俯视图;
图 5是沿横向方向观察的与图 3和图 4中所示的支撑台车配合的加载 装置的示意图;
图 6是图 5所示的加载装置的俯视图; 图 7是用作加载装置的液压缸的示意图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是, 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限制本发 明。
如图 1和图 2所示, 根据本发明的工程机械的臂架的加载设备包括: 轨道 100; 至少一个支撑台车 200, 该至少一个支撑台车 200可滑动地设置 在所述轨道 100上, 该至少一个所述支撑台车 200具有能够将该支撑台车 200锁定于所述轨道 100的第一锁止装置 201 ; 至少一个加载装置 300, 该 至少一个加载装置 300包括底座 301和安装在该底座 301上的加载机构 302, 该至少一个加载装置 300的底座 301设置在对应的支撑台车 200上; 用于 夹持臂架 600的至少一个夹具 400,该至少一个夹具 400安装在对应的加载 机构上。
轨道 100可滑动地支撑至少一个支撑台车 200。因而, 该至少一个支撑 台车 200可以根据不同的工况而设置在轨道 100的不同的位置上, 从而能 够对不同规格的臂架进行加载试验。 而且, 由于每个支撑台车 200上设置 有加载装置 300, 因而可以在多个不同的位置对臂架进行加载, 因而能够更 为贴近地模拟实际工作中臂架的受力情况, 以获得更准确的试验结果。
在具有一个支撑台车的情况中, 可以利用安装于机架的辅助夹具来夹 持待试验的臂架, 而利用该一个支撑台车上的加载装置对该臂架进行加载 试验。
轨道 100和可滑动设置在该轨道 100上的支撑台车 200可以具有多种 配合方式, 以满足能够相对滑动的要求。 例如, 轨道 100可以为类似于铁 轨轨道, 支撑台车 200可以具有沿铁轨轨道移动的车轮; 或者轨道 100可 以为具有滑槽的结构, 而支撑台车 200可以为具有滑块的结构, 滑块与滑 槽相互配合, 从而满足支撑台车 200和轨道 100之间相对滑动的要求。 如图 2所示, 当支撑台车 200移动到预定位置时, 可以利用该第一锁 止装置 201将该支撑台车 200锁止于该预定位置, 从而在进行加载试验时, 能够确保该支撑台车 200位于轨道 100沿纵向方向 (图 2中的 Y方向) 可 靠而准确的位置。
第一锁止装置 201 可以具有多种方式。 例如, 可以为锁轨器, 或者可 以为各种形式的可释放的止挡件, 或者还可以为电磁式定位器等。
第一锁止装置 201可以设置在支撑台车 200的任何合适的位置上, 优 选地, 所述第一锁止装置 201位于所述支撑台车 200的侧面, 以便于操作 人员进行操作。
各个支撑台车 200可以不具有动力, 在相对于轨道 100移动时, 由操 作人员推动各个支撑台车 200到预定的位置。 但优选情况下, 如图 2所示, 至少一个支撑台车 200上设置有用于驱动该支撑台车 200在所述轨道 100 上沿该轨道 100移动的第一驱动器 204, 因而能够自动化地驱动支撑台车 200移动到预定的位置, 不但能够提高工作效率, 还能够降低操作人员的劳 动强度。 第一驱动器 204可以具有多种形式, 如电动机或发动机。
支撑台车 200上设置有对应的加载装置 300, 加载装置 300的底座 301 安装在对应的支撑台车 200上, 从而允许加载装置 300随着支撑台车 200 的滑动而移动。加载装置 300的加载机构 302设置有夹具 400, 因而利用该 夹具 400能够夹持住所要试验的臂架 600的预定位置, 以对臂架 600进行 加载。
加载装置 300的底座 301可以固定安装在对应的支撑台车 200上。 例 如可以通过焊接或紧固件 (如螺栓连接) 将底座 301 固定到对应的支撑台 车 200上。
由于某些臂架的长度较长并且纵向轴线不是沿直线延伸, 因而为了适 于对该种臂架的试验, 优选地, 至少一个所述加载装置 300的底座 301可 沿 (相对于轨道 100 ) 横向方向 (即图 4中的 X方向) 移动地设置在对应 的支撑台车 200上, 如图 4和图 5所示。 当然, 加载装置 300的底座 301 也可以固定于对应的支撑台车 200上。
因而, 当臂架 600在轨道 100的横向方向上不是沿直线延伸时, 能够 调整各个支撑台车 200上对应的加载装置 300在横向方向上的位置, 从而 实现对臂架 600的可靠夹持和加载。
底座 301相对于支撑台车 200的可移动设置可以通过多种方式来实现。 例如, 如图 4和图 5所示, 在上述至少一个所述支撑台车 200上设置有沿 横向方向延伸的滑槽 202,每个所述加载装置 300的底座 301上设置有与所 述滑槽 202配合的凸块 304, 每个加载装置 300的底座 301上设置的凸块 304装配在对应的支撑台车 200的滑槽 202中。 或者相反地, 在支撑台车 200上设置有滑块,而在对应的加载装置 300的底座 301上设有滑槽。或者, 在加载装置 300的底座 301上设置滑轮, 从而能够通过滑轮实现滑动。
每个加载装置 300可以设置为没有动力的, 而是在操作人员的推动下 在对应的支撑台车 200上沿横向方向移动, 从而使该加载装置 300位于在 横向方向上的预定位置, 以实现对臂架 600的可靠夹持。
但优选地, 至少一个加载装置 300上设置有用于驱动该加载装置 300 的底座 301在对应的支撑台车 200上沿横向方向移动的第二驱动器 (未显 示)。 因而, 利用该第二驱动器自动化地驱动该加载装置 300在横向方向上 沿对应的支撑台车 200移动。 该第二驱动器可以为电动机或发动机。
在进行加载试验过程中, 为了可靠地将每个加载装置 300设置在横向 方向上的预定位置, 优选地, 每个加载装置 300具有能够将该加载装置 300 锁定于对应的支撑台车 200上的第二锁止装置。 因而, 当进行加载试验时, 可以利用该第二锁止装置将该加载装置 300锁定在对应的支撑台车 200上, 以在进行加载试验时防止该加载装置 300移动, 以确保可靠有效地加载试 验。 第二锁止装置可以具有多种形式, 例如可以采用与第一锁止装置类似 的形式 (但尺寸型号可能需要有所调整)。
优选地, 如图 4和图 6所示, 所述第二锁止装置包括: 长槽孔 305, 该 长槽孔 305沿横向方向设置在所述加载装置 300的底座 301上; 和紧固件 306, 该紧固件 306穿过所述长槽孔 305插入所述支撑台车 200的对应的定 位孔 203中并将所述加载装置 300固定于预定的位置。
当加载装置 300在对应的支撑台车 200上沿横向方向 (X方向) 移动 时, 长槽孔 305相对于该支撑台车 200的位置以随之变化。 而当加载装置 300移动到预定位置后, 则可以利用 (多个)紧固件 306穿过长槽孔 305固 定于支撑台车 200的对应的定位孔 203中, 从而实现将加载装置 300相对 于支撑台车 200在预定位置的固定。 当需要再次移动加载装置 300时, 则 可以将紧固件 306松开, 然后移动加载装置 300到另一预定位置, 再将各 紧固件 306紧固, 从而实现在另一预定位置的固定。
上述长槽孔 305可以设置在底座 301上的合适位置。 但优选情况下, 如图 6所示, 所述支撑台车 200的定位孔 203分布在所述滑槽 202的两侧, 从而能够实现对加载装置 300 的更为均匀地固定作用。 而且, 这种布置方 式也更便于加载装置 300的加工制造。
如上所述, 每个加载装置 300包括安装到底座 301上的加载机构 302, 加载机构 302可以对臂架 600施加扭转力矩, 还可以施加拉力或推力 (在 臂架 600上作用有弯曲力矩)。 由于臂架 600在实际工作环境中所承载的大 多是弯曲力矩, 因而优选地, 如图 7所示, 每个加载机构 302包括可竖直 往复移动地安装于该底座 301的加载杆 303。
为了获得能够实现在竖直方向往复移动的加载杆 303,可以采用多种加 载机构。 例如, 该加载机构可以为齿轮齿条机构、 曲柄滑块机构等能够实 现直线移动的各种机构。
这里所提及的加载杆 303沿竖直方向往复移动应当从工程技术的角度 加以理解, 而不是绝对的数学角度。 所谓 "竖直方向"是指, 加载杆 303 能够基本上垂直于水平面的方向往复移动, 而且加载杆 303 的纵向轴线与 水平面之间的夹角小于 90度也是可以的。 例如, 在加载杆 303的纵向轴线 与水平面之间的夹角为 75度至 90之间, 从工程技术角度上都可以视为加 载杆 303能够沿竖直方向往复移动。 优选情况下在加载杆 303的纵向轴线 与水平面之间的夹角为 80度至 90度之间。
优选情况下, 如图 7所示, 所述加载机构 302包括液压缸 500, 该液压 缸 500的缸体 501固定安装于所述底座 301, 所述液压缸 500的活塞杆 502 构成所述加载杆 303。
进一步优选地, 为了能够对活塞杆 502的移动方位进行适应性地调整, 所述缸体 501铰接于所述底座 301 ; 和 /或所述活塞杆 502的端部铰接有对 应的夹具 400。利用上述铰接连接, 有利于液压缸 500与底座 301之间的安 装和拆卸, 也有利于活塞杆 502与夹具 400之间的安装和拆卸, 而且也便 于维修。此外,通过液压缸 500与底座 301之间的铰接连接和 /或活塞杆 502 与夹具 400之间的铰接连接, 能够实现作用于臂架 600上的加载力的作用 方向与臂架保持设定角度。
通过对本发明所提供的工程机械的臂架的加载设备的以上描述可知, 多个支撑台车 200能够在轨道 100上滑动, 从而适应于不同规格的臂架。 而且每个支撑台车 200上设置有能够对臂架进行加载的加载装置 300,从而 提供了一种能够对各种臂架进行加载试验的专门设备。 在进行加载试验时, 能够很好的模拟实际工作状态下的载荷, 实现对臂架强度和疲劳耐久性的 预测, 同时也能够提高对臂架进行加载试验的工作效率和准确性, 进而实 现本发明的目的。
在利用本发明所提供的加载设备进行加载试验时, 需要根据待加载试 验的臂架所应用的工况来确定加载试验的方案。 具体来说, 可以使多个支 撑台车 200分别沿轨道 100移动到预定位置, 从而能够根据工况的需要而 为上述臂架提供个性化的加载点布置方式。 例如, 对于臂架的多个臂节, 优选可以利用一个支撑台车 200的加载装置 300加载对应的一个臂节; 或 者利用两个支撑台车 200的加载装置 300加载对应的一个臂节。
在将臂架放置到所述加载设备上时,根据需要还可以调整支撑台车 200 上加载装置 300沿横向方向的位置, 以适应于臂架纵向延伸; 在进行加载 时, 不同的支撑台车 200上的加载装置 300可以施加不同的加载载荷, 例 如, 位于臂架两端的支撑台车 200的加载装置 300可以主要对臂架施加夹 紧力, 而其余的支撑台车 200的加载装置 300可以根据需要对臂架的加载 点施加拉力、 推力、 不同方向的扭转载荷等, 以尽可能地模拟臂架的实际 工况。 并且在试验过程中采集各种数据, 以获知臂架的疲劳和强度的信息。
当待加载试验的臂架参数发生变化后, 再根据该臂架的应用工况而个 性化地设计加载试验方案。 因此, 针对不同的臂架可以自由设计加载工况, 支撑台车的加载装置的布置非常灵活, 加载点的位置能够快速定位。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式, 但是, 本发明并不 限于上述实施方式中的具体细节, 在本发明的技术构思范围内, 可以对本 发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型, 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范 围。 另外需要说明的是, 在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特 征, 在不矛盾的情况下, 可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合, 而不限于权 利要求书中各项权利要求的引用关系的限制。 为了避免不必要的重复, 本 发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。 此外, 本发明的各种不同的实 施方式之间也可以进行任意组合, 只要其不违背本发明的思想, 其同样应 当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims

权利要求
1. 工程机械的臂架的加载设备, 其特征在于, 该加载设备包括: 轨道 (100);
至少一个支撑台车 (200), 该至少一个支撑台车 (200) 可滑动地设置 在所述轨道 (100) 上, 该至少一个所述支撑台车 (200) 具有能够将该支撑 台车 (200) 锁定于所述轨道 (100) 的第一锁止装置 (201 );
至少一个加载装置(300), 该至少一个加载装置(300)包括底座(301 ) 和安装在该底座 (301 ) 上的加载机构 (302), 该至少一个加载装置 (300) 的底座 (301 ) 设置在对应的支撑台车 (200) 上;
用于夹持臂架 (600) 的至少一个夹具 (400), 该至少一个夹具 (400) 安装在对应的加载机构上。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的加载设备, 其特征在于, 所述第一锁止装置 (201 ) 位于所述支撑台车 (200) 的侧面。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的加载设备, 其特征在于, 至少一个支撑台车 (200) 上设置有用于驱动该支撑台车 (200) 在所述轨道 (100) 上沿该轨 道 (100) 移动的第一驱动器 (204)。
4. 根据权利要求 1-3 中任意一项所述的加载设备, 其特征在于, 至少 一个所述加载装置 (300) 的底座 (301 )可沿横向方向移动地设置在对应的 支撑台车 (200) 上。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的加载设备, 其特征在于, 至少一个加载装置 (300) 上设置有用于驱动该加载装置 (300) 的底座 (301) 在对应的支撑 台车 (200) 上沿横向方向移动的第二驱动器。
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的加载设备, 其特征在于, 至少一个所述支撑 台车(200)上设置有沿横向方向延伸的滑槽(202),每个所述加载装置(300) 的底座 (301) 上设置有与所述滑槽 (202) 配合的凸块 (304), 每个加载装 置(300) 的底座(301)上设置的凸块(304)装配在对应的支撑台车(200) 的滑槽 (202) 中。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的加载设备, 其特征在于, 每个加载装置(300) 具有能够将该加载装置 (300)锁定于对应的支撑台车 (200) 上的第二锁止 装置。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的加载设备, 其特征在于, 所述第二锁止装置 包括:
长槽孔(305), 该长槽孔(305)沿横向方向设置在所述加载装置(300) 的底座 (301) 上; 和
紧固件 (306), 该紧固件 (306) 穿过所述长槽孔 (305)插入所述支撑 台车 (200) 的对应的定位孔 (203) 中并将所述加载装置 (300) 固定于预 定的位置。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的加载设备, 其特征在于, 所述支撑台车(200) 的定位孔 (203) 分布在所述滑槽 (202) 的两侧。
10.根据权利要求 4所述的加载设备,其特征在于,每个加载机构(302) 包括可竖直往复移动地安装于该底座 (301) 的加载杆 (303)。
11.根据权利要求 10所述的加载设备,其特征在于,所述加载机构(302) 包括液压缸( 500 ),该液压缸( 500 )的缸体( 501 )固定安装于所述底座( 301 ), 所述液压缸 (500) 的活塞杆 (502) 构成所述加载杆 (303)。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的加载设备, 其特征在于, 所述缸体 (501) 铰接于所述底座 (301); 和 /或所述活塞杆 (502) 的端部铰接有对应的夹具 (400)。
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