WO2013071783A1 - 一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物 - Google Patents

一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013071783A1
WO2013071783A1 PCT/CN2012/080267 CN2012080267W WO2013071783A1 WO 2013071783 A1 WO2013071783 A1 WO 2013071783A1 CN 2012080267 W CN2012080267 W CN 2012080267W WO 2013071783 A1 WO2013071783 A1 WO 2013071783A1
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Prior art keywords
fire extinguishing
saccharide
extinguishing composition
agent
sodium
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PCT/CN2012/080267
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘毅
姚俊娜
杨战军
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陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司
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Priority to US14/374,723 priority Critical patent/US9662522B2/en
Priority to EP12849190.9A priority patent/EP2796174B1/en
Publication of WO2013071783A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013071783A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62DCHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/06Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/004Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use for producing carbon-dioxide snow, carbon-dioxide ice, carbon-dioxide gas, carbon-dioxide liquid, or mixtures thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/006Extinguishants produced by combustion
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62DCHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0007Solid extinguishing substances

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing technology, and more particularly to an aerosol fire extinguishing composition containing a saccharide and a saccharide derivative.
  • Aerosol fire extinguishing technology has been recognized and widely used as one of the most attractive alternatives to halon in recent years.
  • the aerosol fire extinguishing agent releases a large amount of heat while releasing the aerosol after the combustion reaction, so that the temperature of the fire extinguishing device is high, and on the one hand, the excessive temperature may cause burns to the operator, and on the other hand, it may be sprayed. After the release, a secondary fire is caused.
  • the physical cooling method and the chemical cooling method are usually employed. The physical cooling method is to cool the front end of the pyrotechnic agent in the fire extinguishing device by adding a cooling system, but this easily leads to the device structure.
  • the chemical cooling method is to provide a chemical cooling layer in the spraying direction of the pyrotechnic agent.
  • the existing chemical coolant affects the fire extinguishing performance of the pyrotechnic agent, so that the pyrotechnic agent does not easily penetrate the fire plume and directly reaches the root of the fire source.
  • most of them will decompose a certain amount of gas particles that are harmful to the human body, which is not conducive to environmental protection.
  • the present invention provides a novel fire extinguishing composition containing a saccharide and a saccharide derivative.
  • a fire extinguishing composition containing a saccharide and a saccharide derivative which comprises a saccharide derivative, a saccharide substance and an auxiliary fire extinguishing agent, the mass percentages thereof being respectively:
  • the fire extinguishing composition is a pyrotechnic agent as a heat source and a power source, and is burned by using a pyrotechnic agent
  • the high temperature causes it to be decomposed or reacted by heat, and the fire-extinguishing substance is sprayed out together with the pyrotechnic agent to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the fire.
  • the saccharide derivative is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, zinc gluconate, calcium gluconate, magnesium gluconate, copper gluconate, ferrous gluconate or manganese gluconate.
  • the saccharide substance is one or more of dextrin, glucose, chitosan, starch or fructose.
  • the auxiliary fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing composition containing a saccharide and a saccharide derivative of the present invention is an organic salt.
  • the organic salt is sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium tartrate, sodium tartrate, potassium hydrogen tartrate, sodium hydrogen tartrate, potassium dihydrogen tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, potassium acetate, sodium acetate
  • ammonium acetate, hexamethylenetetramine or sodium methoxide is sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium tartrate, sodium tartrate, potassium hydrogen tartrate, sodium hydrogen tartrate, potassium dihydrogen tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, potassium acetate, sodium acetate
  • ammonium acetate, hexamethylenetetramine or sodium methoxide is ammonium acetate, hexamethylenetetramine or sodium methoxide.
  • the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention further comprises a performance additive in a mass percentage of from 2% to 18%.
  • the performance additive is one or more of magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, acetal gum, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose or a phenolic resin.
  • the components of the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention and the mass percentage thereof are:
  • Carbohydrate derivatives 35 % - 55 %
  • the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention mainly comprises a sugar derivative and a saccharide substance, the saccharide substance is a carbohydrate, is easily decomposed by heat, and the decomposition product is CO, water, 0 2, etc., is non-toxic and harmless, so the spray
  • the product is free from pollution to the environment, and the metal particles in the saccharide derivative can be combined with the radicals in the flame combustion reaction to cut off the combustion reaction chain, thereby exhibiting the flame suppression effect of the metal particles and not affecting the environment, thereby improving the entire Fire extinguishing performance of fire extinguishing compositions.
  • the auxiliary fire extinguishing agent containing an organic salt in the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention can generate a large amount of gas by thermal decomposition, increase the overall gas pressure of the hot aerosol, increase the spray intensity of the aerosol, and facilitate the passage of the aerosol through the fire plume. Cut off the fire source and effectively control the fire source.
  • the invention optimizes the proportion of each component, so that the overall fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing composition is high, and The effective utilization of each component is high.
  • the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention has stable performance and is easy to store for a long time.
  • the fire extinguishing composition comprises a sugar derivative, a saccharide substance, an auxiliary fire extinguishing agent and a performance additive, and the mass percentage thereof is: 30% ⁇ 60%, preferably 35% ⁇ 55 %, of the sugar derivative, and the sugar substance 10 % ⁇ 40%, preferably 15% ⁇ 35%, auxiliary fire extinguishing agent 10% -30%, preferably 12% - 24%, performance additive 2% ⁇ 18%, preferably 2% ⁇ 10%; among which sugar derivatives can be selected Or one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, zinc gluconate, calcium gluconate, magnesium gluconate, copper gluconate, ferrous gluconate or manganese gluconate; the saccharide may be selected from the group consisting of dextrin, One or more of glucose, chitosan, starch or fructose; the auxiliary fire extinguishing agent is an organic salt, specifically sodium oxalate,
  • the specific fire extinguishing mechanism is: the fire extinguishing composition can be decomposed and released at a high temperature to release a fire extinguishing substance, which can pass through a radical or a chain combustion reaction, and one or more of OH?
  • the reaction is carried out to cut off the chain combustion reaction, and the oxygen partial pressure can be reduced by physical action to suppress the flame, or physical and chemical inhibition can be simultaneously achieved to achieve the fire extinguishing effect, and at the same time, synergistic effect with the pyrotechnic agent is produced. , further improving the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent and greatly shortening the effective fire extinguishing time.
  • the gluconate salt, the saccharide substance and the auxiliary fire extinguishing agent and the performance additive in the above examples are selected to be 100 g, and according to the ratio in the following Table 1, the granules can be prepared into a regular solid piece by a process such as mixing granulation and tableting.
  • a fire extinguishing device containing 100g of K-type hot aerosol generating agent, according to BS6165: 2002 "Specification for small disposable fire extinguishers of the aerosol type" under the same conditions and prior art fire extinguishing agent (S type fire extinguishing 100g, K-type fire extinguishing agent 100g) 93# gasoline fire test comparison, the results are shown in Table 1.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物,其包含有糖类衍生物、糖类物质和辅助灭火剂,其质量百分比分别为:糖类衍生物30 % - 60 %,糖类物质10 % - 40 %,辅助灭火剂10 % -30 %,该灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源,利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使其受热分解或反应,产生灭火物质随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。本发明的灭火组合物以糖类衍生物和糖类物质为主要成分,其以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源,受热易分解并产生无毒无害气体,喷放后对环境无污染,各组分的有效利用率高,而且其分解出的物质也能够灭火,对烟火药剂产生协同增效的作用,提高整个灭火组合物的灭火性能。

Description

一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物 技术领域
本发明涉及消防灭火技术领域, 尤其涉及一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的气 溶胶灭火组合物。
背景技术
气溶胶灭火技术在近年来作为引人注目的哈龙替代技术之一已经得到人们 的认可并在广泛应用。
通常气溶胶灭火剂在发生燃烧反应后释放出气溶胶的同时会释放出大量的 热, 使得灭火装置温度较高, 一方面过高温度会对操作人员等造成灼伤, 另一 方面其可能会在喷放后带来二次火灾, 为了降低喷射温度, 通常人们会采用物 理冷却法和化学冷却法, 物理冷却法是在灭火装置中烟火药剂的前端通过增加 冷却系统进行冷却, 但是这样容易导致装置结构复杂笨重、 工艺流程复杂, 成 本高, 且由于冷却系统的存在, 使大量活性粒子失去活性, 导致灭火性能大大 降低。 另外, 化学冷却法是在烟火药剂的喷射方向设置有化学冷却层, 但是, 目前现有的化学冷却剂会影响烟火药剂的灭火效能, 使得烟火药剂不易穿透火 羽流直接到达火源根部, 达到迅速有效抑制火源的目的, 另外, 其大多数会分 解出一定量的对人体有毒害的气体粒子, 不利于环保。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的化学冷却剂所存在的不足, 本发明提供了一种新型 的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物。
解决技术问题的技术方案是:
一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物, 其包含有糖类衍生物、 糖类物 质和辅助灭火剂, 其质量百分比分别为:
糖类衍生物 30 % - 60 %
糖类物质 10 % - 40 %
辅助灭火剂 10 % -30 %
所述灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源, 利用烟火类药剂燃烧 的高温使其受热分解或反应, 产生灭火物质随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火 目的。
进一步地, 所述糖类衍生物为葡萄糖酸钠、 葡萄糖酸钾、 葡萄糖酸锌、 葡 萄糖酸钙、 葡萄糖酸镁、 葡萄糖酸铜、 葡萄糖酸亚铁或葡萄糖酸锰中的一种或 多种。
进一步地, 所述的糖类物质为糊精、 葡萄糖、 壳聚糖、 淀粉或果糖中的一 种或多种。
本发明的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物中的辅助灭火剂为有机盐。 进一步地, 所述有机盐为草酸钠、 草酸钾、 柠檬酸钾、 柠檬酸钠、 酒石酸 钾、 酒石酸钠、 酒石酸氢钾、 酒石酸氢钠、 酒石酸二氢钾, 酒石酸钾钠、 乙酸 钾、 乙酸钠、 乙酸铵、 六次甲基四胺或甲醇钠中的一种或多种。
本发明的灭火组合物还包括性能添加剂, 其质量百分比为 2 %-18 %。
进一步地, 所述性能添加剂为硬脂酸镁、 硬脂酸锌、 缩醛胶、 羟丙基甲基 纤维素、 羟甲基纤维素钠或酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
本发明的灭火组合物中各组分及其质量百分比为:
糖类衍生物 35 % - 55 %
糖类物质 15 % - 35 %
辅助灭火剂 12 % - 24 %
硬脂酸镁 2% - 10%。
本发明的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物, 其主要具有以下的优点:
1、 本发明的灭火组合物以糖类衍生物和糖类物质为主要成分, 糖类物质为 碳水化合物, 受热易分解, 分解产物为 CO, 水, 02等, 无毒无害, 因此喷放 产物对环境无污染, 糖类衍生物中的金属粒子分解后可与火焰燃烧反应中的自 由基结合, 切断燃烧反应链, 因此能够发挥金属粒子的火焰抑制作用并且不对 环境造成影响, 提高整个灭火组合物的灭火性能。
2、 本发明的灭火组合物中含有有机盐的辅助灭火剂, 其受热分解能够产生 大量气体, 增大了热气溶胶的整体气压, 提高气溶胶的喷射强度, 有利于气溶 胶穿过火羽流, 切断火源, 有效控制火源。
3、 本发明优化了各组分的配比, 使得灭火组合物整体的灭火效能高, 而且 各组分的有效利用率高。
4、 本发明的灭火组合物性能稳定、 易于长期贮存。
具体实施方式
现结合具体实施例对本发明的含糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物作进一步 的说明:
该灭火组合物包含有糖类衍生物、 糖类物质、 辅助灭火剂以及性能添加剂组 成, 其质量百分比分别为: 糖类衍生物 30 % ~ 60 %, 优选 35 % ~ 55 % , 糖类 物质 10 % ~ 40 %,优选 15 % ~ 35% ,辅助灭火剂 10 % -30 %,优选 12 % - 24 % , 性能添加剂 2 % ~ 18 %, 优选 2% ~10%; 其中糖类衍生物可以选自葡萄糖酸钠、 葡萄糖酸钾、 葡萄糖酸锌、 葡萄糖酸钙、 葡萄糖酸镁、 葡萄糖酸铜、 葡萄糖酸 亚铁或葡萄糖酸锰中的一种或多种; 糖类物质可以选自糊精、 葡萄糖、 壳聚糖、 淀粉或果糖中的一种或多种; 辅助灭火剂为有机盐, 具体是草酸钠、 草酸钾、 柠檬酸钾、 柠檬酸钠、 酒石酸钾、 酒石酸钠、 酒石酸氢钾、 酒石酸氢钠、 酒石 酸二氢钾, 酒石酸钾钠、 乙酸钾、 乙酸钠、 乙酸铵、 六次甲基四胺或甲醇钠中 的一种或多种组合; 性能添加剂是硬脂酸镁、 硬脂酸锌、 缩醛胶、 羟丙基甲基 纤维素、 羟甲基纤维素钠或酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。 该组合物是以烟火类药 剂为热力源和动力源, 利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使其受热分解或反应, 产生 灭火物质。
其具体的灭火机理是: 该灭火组合物在高温下可分解释放出灭火物质, 该 灭火物质可通过自由基与链式燃烧反应所必需的 0; OH? Η·自由基中的一种或 几种进行反应, 从而切断了链式燃烧反应, 也可通过物理作用减少氧气分压而 抑制火焰, 或同时发生物理及化学抑制作用共同实现灭火效果, 与此同时, 与 烟火药剂产生协同增效作用, 进一步提高了灭火剂的灭火效能, 大大缩短了有 效灭火时间。
将选取上述实施例中的葡萄糖酸盐、 糖类物质以及辅助灭火剂和性能添加 剂共 100g, 按照下表 1中的配比, 经混合造粒打片等工序后可制成形状规则的 固体片剂, 加入装有 100g K型热气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中, 依据 BS6165 : 2002《 Specification for small disposable fire extinguishers of the aerosol type》标准, 在同等条件下与现有技术的灭火剂 (S 型灭火剂 100g,K型灭火剂 100g) 进行 93#汽油灭火试验对比, 结果见表 1
实施例组分含量 (质量百分比) 对比例 组成成分
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 市售 S型
參 灭火剂
市售 K型
參 灭火剂
葡萄糖酸
35 50 25 40 类 钠
生 葡萄糖酸
物 55 23 20
葡萄糖酸
45 30
葡萄糖酸
35 20
亚铁 糊精 35 15 17 淀粉 15 20
物 葡萄糖 28 20
果糖 25 蠊 13 15 辅
助 六次甲基
23
灭 四胺 火 柠檬酸钾 23 10
甲醇钠 15 钾 乙酸钠 20 草酸钠 24 18 羟丙基甲
4 4 10
性 基纤维素
添 硬脂酸镁
加 3 3 2 3 4 5
羧甲基纤
5 5 6 8
维素钠
实验结果对比 灭火情况 灭 3 灭 2 灭 3 灭 2 灭 3 灭 3 灭 2 灭 3 3 发 3 发
发 发 发 发 发 发 发 发 均未 均未
灭 灭 喷放时间 /S 11.2 10.9 11.3 11.1 11.5 12.1 11.8 11.7 42.3 14.6
3 8 5 2 4 2 6 4 6 5 表 1 各组配比和试验结果对比 从上述实验的对比结果可以看出:在相同实验条件下, 实施例 1-8灭火组合 物两发甚至三发全灭,而对比例 1-2的却均未灭掉;实施例 1-8喷射时间均在 lis 左右, 比对比例 1的喷射时间缩短了近 29s左右, 与对比例 2相比, 也缩短了很 多。 因此, 本发明的灭火组合物喷射时间短, 喷射强度大, 其灭火效能明显优 于现有技术的灭火药剂。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物, 其特征在于: 所述灭火组合 物包含有糖类衍生物、 糖类物质和辅助灭火剂, 其质量百分比分别为:
糖类衍生物 30 % - 60 %
糖类物质 10 % - 40 %
辅助灭火剂 10 % -30 %
所述灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源, 利用烟火类药剂燃烧 的高温使其受热分解或反应, 产生灭火物质随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火 目的。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物, 其特征在 于: 所述糖类衍生物为葡萄糖酸钠、 葡萄糖酸钾、 葡萄糖酸锌、 葡萄糖酸钙、 葡萄糖酸镁、 葡萄糖酸铜、 葡萄糖酸亚铁或葡萄糖酸锰中的一种或多种。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物, 其特 征在于: 所述的糖类物质为糊精、 葡萄糖、 壳聚糖、 淀粉或果糖中的一种或多 种。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物, 其特征在 于: 所述辅助灭火剂为有机酸盐。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物, 其特征在 于: 所述有机盐为草酸钠、 草酸钾、 柠檬酸钾、 柠檬酸钠、 酒石酸钾、 酒石酸 钠、 酒石酸氢钾、 酒石酸氢钠、 酒石酸二氢钾, 酒石酸钾钠、 乙酸钾、 乙酸钠、 乙酸铵、 六次甲基四胺或甲醇钠中的一种或多种。
6、根据权利要求 1至 5任一项所述的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物, 其特征在于: 所述灭火组合物还包括性能添加剂, 其质量百分比为 2 %-18 %。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物, 其特征在 于: 所述性能添加剂为硬脂酸镁、 硬脂酸锌、 缩醛胶、 羟丙基甲基纤维素、 羟 甲基纤维素钠或酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
8、根据权利要求 7所述含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物,其特征在于: 所述灭火组合物中各组分及其质量百分比为:
糖类衍生物 35 % - 55 % 糖类物质 15 % - 35 % 辅助灭火剂 12 % - 24 % 硬脂酸镁 2% - 10%。
PCT/CN2012/080267 2011-11-20 2012-08-16 一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物 WO2013071783A1 (zh)

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