WO2013023571A1 - 一种灭火组合物 - Google Patents

一种灭火组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013023571A1
WO2013023571A1 PCT/CN2012/080071 CN2012080071W WO2013023571A1 WO 2013023571 A1 WO2013023571 A1 WO 2013023571A1 CN 2012080071 W CN2012080071 W CN 2012080071W WO 2013023571 A1 WO2013023571 A1 WO 2013023571A1
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Prior art keywords
fire extinguishing
mass
extinguishing composition
fire
extinguishing
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PCT/CN2012/080071
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘红红
吴浩
张亚锋
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陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2013023571A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013023571A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62DCHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/06Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components

Definitions

  • a fire extinguishing composition is provided.
  • the invention belongs to the field of fire protection and relates to the use of fire extinguishing compositions and chemical fire extinguishing substances. More specifically, it relates to a highly effective fire extinguishing composition containing an ammonium phosphate compound.
  • Gas fire extinguishing systems, dry powder fire extinguishing systems and water fire extinguishing systems are widely used as substitutes for halon fire extinguishers because they are environmentally friendly.
  • the fire extinguishing mechanism of carbon dioxide, IG541 and other inert gas fire extinguishing systems is mainly physical fire extinguishing.
  • the dry powder fire extinguishing system is operated by the pressurized gas.
  • the sprayed powder is in contact with the flame, and physicochemical inhibition occurs to extinguish the fire.
  • the water mist extinguishing system achieves the purpose of controlling fire, suppressing fire and extinguishing fire by the triple action of cooling by fine water mist, suffocation and heat radiation. .
  • the existing aerosol fire extinguishing agents mainly include S-type and K-type fire extinguishing agents.
  • Aerosol fire extinguishing agents use redox reaction to release a large amount of gas and active.
  • the redox reaction is generally an exothermic reaction, releasing a large amount of heat while releasing the aerosol, in order to effectively reduce the temperature of the device and the aerosol, avoiding a secondary fire, and increasing the cooling system, resulting in a complicated and cumbersome structure of the device.
  • the present invention provides an aerosol fire extinguishing composition that is safer, more environmentally friendly, and more efficient without pressure storage.
  • the invention relates to a high-efficiency fire extinguishing composition, characterized in that: the fire extinguishing composition comprises: ferrocene 30% by mass to 70% by mass, preferably 40% by mass to 60% by mass, ammonium phosphate 30% by mass to 70% by mass,
  • the fire extinguishing composition is a pyrotechnic agent as a heat source and a power source, the pyrotechnic agent is first ignited, and the fire extinguishing composition is thermally decomposed or reacted by the high temperature of the pyrotechnic composition combustion.
  • a large amount of fire-extinguishing substances are sprayed together with pyrotechnic agents to achieve the purpose of fire fighting.
  • the fire extinguishing composition according to the present invention further comprises tetrabromobisphenol A or decabromodiphenyl ether in an amount of from more than 0% by mass to less than or equal to 10% by mass, preferably from 3% by mass to 8% by mass.
  • the performance additive may be selected from the group consisting of ammonium chloride, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, acetal, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylol
  • One or more of cellulose sodium and phenolic acid resin can be appropriately adjusted depending on the ratio.
  • the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention can be formed into a spherical shape, a sheet shape, a strip shape, a block shape, a honeycomb shape by a process such as pelleting, molding, extrusion, and the like, and can be subjected to surface coating treatment. It is preferred to add hydroxymethylcellulose or hydroxyethylcellulose when performing the surface coating treatment.
  • the surface coating agent can improve the surface smoothness of the composition system, and improve its strength, wear resistance and shock resistance, and prevent the occurrence of powdering of the fire extinguishing composition during transportation, slag dropping and overflow of the fire extinguishing device.
  • the high-efficiency fire extinguishing composition of the invention can simultaneously achieve the following effects: 1.
  • the substance and the fire extinguishing substance are mainly solid particles, and there are a few liquid particles.
  • the synergistic effect of various particles greatly shortens the fire extinguishing time.
  • the decomposed matter is mainly solid particles, which is relatively dense and easier to penetrate.
  • the fire plume effectively controls the fire source; 4.
  • the solid particles settle on the surface of the burning material to form a protective film, which effectively blocks the chain combustion reaction and further improves the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent.
  • the fire extinguishing composition is rich in raw materials and easy to use. Processing and molding, and can be used alone or in combination with physical coolant; 6. Stable performance, easy to store for a long time, 7. Low toxicity or non-toxicity, excellent environmentally friendly performance.
  • the flame suppression mechanism of the high-efficiency fire extinguishing composition of the present invention is as follows: When used, the pyrotechnic agent is used as a heat source and a power source, and the fire extinguishing composition is dehydrated and cooled at a high temperature by igniting the heat released by the pyrotechnic composition, and further decomposed and released.
  • a fire extinguishing substance that can be reacted by one or more of 0, 0H, and H ⁇ radicals necessary for radical and chain combustion reactions, thereby cutting off the chain combustion reaction, and also by physical
  • the present invention provides a more efficient and safe fire extinguishing composition as compared to conventional fire extinguishing compositions.
  • the high-efficiency fire extinguishing composition of the present invention mainly comprises: ferrocene 30% by mass to 70% by mass, preferably 40% by mass to 60% by mass, ammonium phosphate 30% by mass to 70% by mass, preferably 355% by mass to 55%
  • the mass%, tetrabromobisphenol A or decabromodiphenyl ether, the content of which is 10% by mass or less, preferably in the range of 3% by mass to 8% by mass, and a performance additive may be added, and the content thereof is 0% by mass to less than Equal to 30% by mass, preferably 2% by mass to 20% by mass;
  • the fire extinguishing composition is
  • the pyrotechnics agent is a heat source and a power source.
  • the pyrotechnic agent is first ignited, and the fire extinguishing composition is thermally decomposed or reacted by the high temperature of the pyrotechnic composition to generate a large amount of fire extinguishing substance, which is sprayed together with the pyrotechnic agent to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the fire. .
  • the performance additive of the present invention may be selected from one or more of ammonium chloride, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, acetal, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, phenolic resin. It can be appropriately adjusted according to the ratio; the performance additive of the present invention further contains a binder, but the application of the binder in the fire extinguishing composition belongs to the conventional technical means in the art, and the content thereof is usually controlled below 15%. .
  • the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention can be formed into a spherical shape, a sheet shape, a strip shape, a block shape, a honeycomb shape by a process such as pelleting, molding, extrusion, and the like, and can be subjected to surface coating treatment. It is preferred to add hydroxymethylcellulose or hydroxyethylcellulose for the surface coating treatment.
  • the surface coating agent can improve the surface finish of the composition system, and improve its strength, wear resistance and shock resistance, and prevent the occurrence of powdering of the fire extinguishing composition during transportation, slag discharge and overflow of the fire extinguishing device.
  • the above fire extinguishing composition is selected from the four groups of ratios, and compared with the prior art fire extinguishing agent under the same conditions, according to BS6165: 2002 «Spec if icat ion for sma lldi sposable fi re ext ingui shers Of the aeroso l type, specific
  • the lm 2 oil pan is placed in a hand-held fire extinguisher with a 50 g type K hot aerosol generating agent. Gasoline fire extinguishing test; test test results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 1 The prepared flaky ferrocene, ammonium phosphate, tetrabromobisphenol A and stearic acid composition are Example 1 was tested and the test results are shown in Table 1.
  • the injection time of 5 is shortened by about 28 s compared with the injection time of the ratio 1 of about 1 i s, which is also shortened compared with the comparative example 2. Therefore, the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention is significantly superior to the prior art fire extinguishing agent in terms of fire extinguishing performance, and the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention has a short injection time, which is an endothermic reaction and can also lower the nozzle temperature.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种灭火组合物,所述的灭火组合物包括:二茂铁30质量%-70质量%,磷酸铵30质量%-70质量%,四溴双酚A0质量%-10质量%或十溴二苯醚质量0%-10质量%以及性能添加剂。在使用时,以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源,先点燃烟火类药剂,利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使灭火组合物受热分解挥发或反应,产生出大量的灭火物质,随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。该气溶胶灭火组合物无需压力贮存,更安全、更环保高效。

Description

一种灭火组合物 本申请依赖并要求 2011 年 08 月 16 日提交的中国专利申请 201110232195.9的优先权, 在此通过参考将其全部内容并入本文。
技术领域:
本发明属消防领域, 涉及灭火组合物, 化学灭火物质的使用。 更具 体的涉及一种含磷酸铵化合物的高效灭火组合物。
背景技术:
自从 1987 年加拿大蒙特利尔公约对各国提出取代哈龙灭火剂的具 体目标以来, 各国都在致力于新的灭火技术的研究, 既要灭火效率高, 又要对环境无污染的灭火技术是人们努力的方向。
气体灭火系统, 干粉灭火系统及水系灭火系统等由于对环境无害被 作为哈龙灭火器的替代品而得到了广泛应用。二氧化碳, IG541等惰性气 体灭火系统的灭火机理主要为物理灭火, 通过降低着火区的氧气浓度二 窒息灭火, 这种灭火方式容易对人员的人身安全造成威胁, 干粉灭火系 统是通过在加压气体作用下喷出的粉末与火焰接触, 发生物理化学抑制 作用而灭火, 水雾灭火系统是通过细水雾的冷却, 窒息和隔绝热辐射的 三重作用下达到控制火灾, 抑制火灾和朴灭火灾的目的。
然而, 这些灭火系统都需要高压贮存, 不仅体积较大, 在贮存过程 中还存在物理爆炸的危险, 文献 "气体灭火系统的安全性分析" 分析了 气体灭火系统所存在的危险, 并列举了贮压气体灭火系统在使用中所引 发的安全事故。
现有的气溶胶灭火剂主要有 S型和 K型灭火剂, 通过综合分析其性 能特点, 其不足之处主要为: 气溶胶灭火剂均是利用灭火剂发生氧化还 原反应释放出大量气体、 活性粒子的断链反应, 大量气体的覆盖窒息, 实现化学与物理相结合的灭火目的。 氧化还原反应一般均为放热反应, 在释放出气溶胶的同时, 释放出大量的热, 为有效降低装置和气溶胶的 温度, 避免发生二次火灾, 需增加冷却系统, 导致装置结构复杂笨重, 工艺流程复杂, 成本高, 同时由于冷却系统的存在, 使大量活性离子失 去活性或沉积, 导致灭火性能大大降低。 且灭火物质释放粒子浓度小密 度低, 不易穿透火羽流直接到达火源根部, 达到迅速有效抑制火源的目 的。 发明内容:
针对现有灭火剂的现状, 特别是气溶胶灭火剂的固有缺陷, 本发明 提供了一种无需压力贮存, 更安全、 更环保高效的气溶胶类灭火组合物。
本发明涉及一种高效灭火组合物, 其特征在于: 该灭火组合物包括: 二茂铁 30质量% ~ 70质量%,优选 40质量% ~ 60质量%,磷酸铵 30质量% ~ 70质量%, 优选 35质量%~ 55质量%; 所述灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为 热力源和动力源, 先点燃烟火类药剂, 利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使灭 火组合物受热分解或反应, 产生出大量的灭火物质, 随烟火类药剂一起 喷出而达到灭火目的。
本发明所涉及的灭火组合物还包括四溴双酚 A或十溴二苯醚,其含量 为大于 0质量%至小于等于 10质量%, 以 3质量%~ 8质量%范围为佳。 至小于等于 30质量%, 优选 2质量%~ 20质量%, 性能添加剂可以选自氯 化铵、 硬脂酸镁、 硬脂酸辞、 缩醛胶、 羟丙基甲基纤维素、 羟甲基纤维 素钠、 酚酸树脂中的一种或多种, 可根据配比进行适当调整。
本发明的灭火组合物可以采用制丸、 模压、 挤压等工艺成型为球状, 片状, 条状, 块装, 蜂窝状, 并且可经过表面包覆处理。 进行表面包覆 处理时优选加入羟甲基纤维素或羟乙基纤维素。 该表面包覆剂可以改善 组合物体系的表面光洁度, 并提高其强度、 耐磨性和抗震性, 防止运输 过程中灭火组合物发生粉化, 掉渣并溢出灭火装置现象的出现。 本发明的高效灭火组合物可以同时达到以下效果: 一、 在高温受热 情况下, 即可受热发生吸热分解, 有效快速降低气溶胶灭火剂喷放物质 的温度, 二、 瞬间释放出大量有效灭火物质, 且灭火物质以固态微粒为 主, 还有少许液态粒子, 通过多种 粒的协同作用, 大大缩短了灭火时 间; 三、 分解物质以固态微粒为主, 相对密度较大, 更易于穿透火羽流, 有效控制火源; 四、 固体微粒沉降于燃烧物质表面易于形成保护膜, 有 效阻断了链式燃烧反应, 进一步提高了灭火剂的灭火效能; 五、 灭火组 合物原料丰富, 易于加工成型, 且可单独使用或者与物理冷却剂配套使 用; 六、 性能稳定、 易于长期储存, 七、 低毒性或无毒性, 对环境友好 性能优良。
本发明的高效灭火组合物的火焰抑制机理如下: 使用时, 以烟火类 药剂为热力源和动力源, 通过点燃烟火类药剂燃烧放出的热量, 灭火组 合物在高温下脱水降温, 进一步分解释放出灭火物质, 该灭火物质可通 过自由基与链式燃烧反应所必需的 0 · , 0H · , H · 自由基中的一种或几 种进行反应, 从而切断了链式燃烧反应, 也可通过物理作用减少氧气分 压而抑制火焰, 或同时发生物理及化学抑制作用功能实现灭火, 与此同 时, 与烟火药剂产生协同增效作用, 进一步提高了灭火剂的灭火效能, 大大缩短了有效灭火时间。 与传统的灭火组合物相比, 本发明可提供一 种更高效、 更安全的灭火组合物。
Figure imgf000004_0001
本发明的一种高效灭火组合物, 其主要包含: 二茂铁 30质量%~ 70 质量%, 优选 40质量% ~ 60质量%, 磷酸铵 30质量% ~ 70质量%, 优选 35 质量%~ 55质量%, 四溴双酚 A或十溴二苯醚, 其含量为小于等于 10质量 %, 以 3质量%~ 8质量%范围为佳, 还可以添加性能添加剂, 其含量为 0 质量%至小于等于 30质量%,优选 2质量% ~ 20质量%; 该灭火组合物是以 烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源, 先点燃烟火类药剂, 利用烟火类药剂燃 烧的高温使灭火组合物受热分解或反应, 产生出大量的灭火物质, 随烟 火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。
本发明的性能添加剂可以选自氯化铵、 硬脂酸镁、 硬脂酸辞、 缩醛 胶、 羟丙基甲基纤维素、 羟甲基纤维素钠、 酚醛树脂中的一种或多种, 可根据配比进行适当调整; 本发明的性能添加剂中还包含有粘合剂, 但 是粘合剂在灭火组合物中的应用属于本领域的常规技术手段, 且其含量 通常控制在 15%以下。
本发明的灭火组合物可以采用制丸、 模压、 挤压等工艺成型为球状, 片状, 条状, 块装, 蜂窝状, 并且可经过表面包覆处理。 进行表面包覆 处理时优选加入羟甲基纤维素或羟乙基纤维素。 该表面包覆剂可以改善 组合物体系的表面光洁度, 并提高其强度、 耐磨性和抗震性, 防止运输 过程中灭火组合物发生粉化, 掉渣并溢出灭火装置现象的出现。
上述的灭火组合物, 先选取了其中的 4组配比进行试验, 与现有技术 的灭火剂在同等条件下试验对比,依据 BS6165 : 2002 «Spec if icat ion for sma l l d i sposable f i re ext ingui shers of the aeroso l type》, 具体
:¾口下:
实施例 1
将制得的片状二茂铁、 磷酸铵、 四溴双酚 A和氯化铵组合物样品 50g 加入装有 50gK型热气溶胶发生剂的手持式灭火器中,实施面积为 0. lm2油 盘的汽油灭火试验; 试验测试结果见表 1。
实施例 2
将制得的片状二茂铁、 磷酸铵、 十溴二苯醚、 氯化铵和硬脂酸辞组合 物依照实施例 1进行测试, 测试结果见表 1。
实施例 3
将制得的片状二茂铁、磷酸铵、 十溴二苯醚和氯化铵组合物依照实施 例 1进行测试, 测试结果见表 1。
实施例 4
将制得的片状二茂铁、磷酸铵、 四溴双酚 A和硬脂酸辞组合物依照实 施例 1进行测试, 测试结果见表 1。
表 1 各种组分成分比较和试验结果对比
Figure imgf000006_0001
从上述的对比结果可以得出: 在相同实验条件下, 实施例 1-4 的灭 火组合物两发甚至三发全灭, 而对比例 1-2 的却均未灭掉; 实施例 1-4
5 的喷射时间均在 l i s左右比对比例 1的喷射时间缩短了近 28 s左右, 与 对比例 2相比, 也缩短了。 因此, 本发明的灭火组合物在灭火效能方面 明显优于现有技术的灭火药剂, 而且本发明的灭火组合物喷射时间短, 其属于吸热反应, 还能降低喷口温度。
上述具体实施例仅仅是示例性的, 在本发明的上述教导下, 本领域
10 技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行各种改进和变形, 而这些改进 或者变形落在本发明的保护范围内。 本领域技术人员应该明白, 上面的 具体描述只是为了解释本发明的目的, 并非用于限制发明。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种灭火组合物, 其特征在于: 所述的灭火组合物包括:
二茂铁 30质量%~ 70质量%,
磷酸铵 30质量% ~ 70质量%;
所述灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源, 先点燃烟火类 药剂, 利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使灭火组合物受热分解或反应, 产生 出大量的灭火物质, 随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的灭火组合物, 其特征在于: 所述的灭火组 合物还包含四溴双酚 A或十溴二苯醚, 其含量为大于 0质量%至小于等于
10质量%。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的灭火组合物, 其特征在于: 所述的灭 火组合物还包含性能添加剂, 所述的性能添加剂含量为大于 Q质量%至小 于等于 30质量%。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的灭火组合物, 其特征在于: 所述的性能添 加剂为氯化铵、 硬脂酸镁、 硬脂酸辞、 缩醛胶、 羟丙基甲基纤维素、 羟 甲基纤维素钠、 酚酸树脂中的一种或多种。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的灭火组合物, 其特征在于: 所述灭火组合 物的各组分及其质量百分含量是:
二茂铁 40% ~ 60%
磷酸铵 35% - 55%
四溴双酚 A或十溴二苯醚 3% ~ 8 %
性能添加剂 2% ~ 20%。
6、 根据上述任一权利要求所述的灭火组合物, 其特征在于: 所述的 灭火组合物选用羟甲基纤维素或羟乙基纤维素为包覆剂。
PCT/CN2012/080071 2011-08-16 2012-08-14 一种灭火组合物 WO2013023571A1 (zh)

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CN1695752A (zh) * 2004-05-13 2005-11-16 景中兴 新型森林灭火剂配方及工艺
CN1713935A (zh) * 2002-08-09 2005-12-28 萨莉·朱塔伯哈 消防球

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CN1238226A (zh) * 1999-06-03 1999-12-15 北京理工大学 新型气溶胶灭火剂
CN1380370A (zh) * 2002-03-25 2002-11-20 葛明槽 防火粉末涂料及其生产工艺
CN1713935A (zh) * 2002-08-09 2005-12-28 萨莉·朱塔伯哈 消防球
CN1695752A (zh) * 2004-05-13 2005-11-16 景中兴 新型森林灭火剂配方及工艺

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