CN103170087B - 一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物 - Google Patents
一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000001719 carbohydrate derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- -1 K-IAO Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
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- BPHVHMBNGQRCNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O BPHVHMBNGQRCNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- CEYULKASIQJZGP-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC([O-])=O CEYULKASIQJZGP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L iron(ii) gluconate Chemical compound [Fe+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001755 magnesium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015778 magnesium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003035 magnesium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- IAKLPCRFBAZVRW-XRDLMGPZSA-L magnesium;(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O IAKLPCRFBAZVRW-XRDLMGPZSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011683 manganese gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014012 manganese gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072543 manganese gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OXHQNTSSPHKCPB-IYEMJOQQSA-L manganese(2+);(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound [Mn+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OXHQNTSSPHKCPB-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016337 monopotassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940086065 potassium hydrogentartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001472 potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940111695 potassium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011005 potassium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VZOPRCCTKLAGPN-ZFJVMAEJSA-L potassium;sodium;(2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VZOPRCCTKLAGPN-ZFJVMAEJSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940074446 sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NKAAEMMYHLFEFN-ZVGUSBNCSA-M sodium;(2r,3r)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O NKAAEMMYHLFEFN-ZVGUSBNCSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- MSXHSNHNTORCAW-GGLLEASOSA-M sodium;(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].O[C@H]1O[C@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O MSXHSNHNTORCAW-GGLLEASOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011670 zinc gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011478 zinc gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000306 zinc gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (n-propan-2-yloxycarbonylanilino) acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N(OC(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium L-tartrate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004109 potassium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004249 sodium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920004449 Halon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
- A62C5/004—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use for producing carbon-dioxide snow, carbon-dioxide ice, carbon-dioxide gas, carbon-dioxide liquid, or mixtures thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
- A62C5/006—Extinguishants produced by combustion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物，其包含有糖类衍生物、糖类物质和辅助灭火剂，其质量百分比分别为：糖类衍生物30％-60％，糖类物质10％-40％，辅助灭火剂10％-30％，该灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使其受热分解或反应，产生灭火物质随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。本发明的灭火组合物以糖类衍生物和糖类物质为主要成分，其以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，受热易分解并产生无毒无害气体，喷放后对环境无污染，各组分的有效利用率高，而且其分解出的物质也能够灭火，对烟火药剂产生协同增效的作用，提高整个灭火组合物的灭火性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及消防灭火技术领域，尤其涉及一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的气溶胶灭火组合物。
背景技术
气溶胶灭火技术在近年来作为引人注目的哈龙替代技术之一已经得到人们的认可并在广泛应用。
通常气溶胶灭火剂在发生燃烧反应后释放出气溶胶的同时会释放出大量的热，使得灭火装置温度较高，一方面过高温度会对操作人员等造成灼伤，另一方面其可能会在喷放后带来二次火灾，为了降低喷射温度，通常人们会采用物理冷却法和化学冷却法，物理冷却法是在灭火装置中烟火药剂的前端通过增加冷却系统进行冷却，但是这样容易导致装置结构复杂笨重、工艺流程复杂，成本高，且由于冷却系统的存在，使大量活性粒子失去活性，导致灭火性能大大降低。另外，化学冷却法是在烟火药剂的喷射方向设置有化学冷却层，但是，目前现有的化学冷却剂会影响烟火药剂的灭火效能，使得烟火药剂不易穿透火羽流直接到达火源根部，达到迅速有效抑制火源的目的，另外，其大多数会分解出一定量的对人体有毒害的气体粒子，不利于环保。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的化学冷却剂所存在的不足，本发明提供了一种新型的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物。
解决技术问题的技术方案是：
一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物，其包含有糖类衍生物、糖类物质和辅助灭火剂，其质量百分比分别为：
糖类衍生物30％-60％
糖类物质10％-40％
辅助灭火剂10％-30％
所述灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使其受热分解或反应，产生灭火物质随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。
进一步地，所述糖类衍生物为葡萄糖酸钠、葡萄糖酸钾、葡萄糖酸锌、葡萄糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸镁、葡萄糖酸铜、葡萄糖酸亚铁或葡萄糖酸锰中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述的糖类物质为糊精、葡萄糖、壳聚糖、淀粉或果糖中的一种或多种。
本发明的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物中的辅助灭火剂为有机盐。
进一步地，所述有机盐为草酸钠、草酸钾、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钠、酒石酸氢钾、酒石酸氢钠、酒石酸二氢钾，酒石酸钾钠、乙酸钾、乙酸钠、乙酸铵、六次甲基四胺或甲醇钠中的一种或多种。
本发明的灭火组合物还包括性能添加剂，其质量百分比为2％-18％。
进一步地，所述性能添加剂为硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸锌、缩醛胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠或酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
本发明的灭火组合物中各组分及其质量百分比为：
糖类衍生物35％-55％
糖类物质15％-35％
辅助灭火剂12％-24％
硬脂酸镁2％-10％。
本发明的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物，其主要具有以下的优点：
1、本发明的灭火组合物以糖类衍生物和糖类物质为主要成分，糖类物质为碳水化合物，受热易分解，分解产物为CO，水，CO2等，无毒无害，因此喷放产物对环境无污染，糖类衍生物中的金属粒子分解后可与火焰燃烧反应中的自由基结合，切断燃烧反应链，因此能够发挥金属粒子的火焰抑制作用并且不对环境造成影响，提高整个灭火组合物的灭火性能。
2、本发明的灭火组合物中含有有机盐的辅助灭火剂，其受热分解能够产生大量气体，增大了热气溶胶的整体气压，提高气溶胶的喷射强度，有利于气溶胶穿过火羽流，切断火源，有效控制火源。
3、本发明优化了各组分的配比，使得灭火组合物整体的灭火效能高，而且各组分的有效利用率高。
4、本发明的灭火组合物性能稳定、易于长期贮存。
具体实施方式
现结合具体实施例对本发明的含糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物作进一步的说明：
该灭火组合物包含有糖类衍生物、糖类物质、辅助灭火剂以及性能添加剂组成，其质量百分比分别为：糖类衍生物30％～60％，优选35％～55％，糖类物质10％～40％，优选15％～35％，辅助灭火剂10％～30％，优选12％～24％，性能添加剂2％～18％，优选2％～10％；其中糖类衍生物可以选自葡萄糖酸钠、葡萄糖酸钾、葡萄糖酸锌、葡萄糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸镁、葡萄糖酸铜、葡萄糖酸亚铁或葡萄糖酸锰中的一种或多种；糖类物质可以选自糊精、葡萄糖、壳聚糖、淀粉或果糖中的一种或多种；辅助灭火剂为有机盐，具体是草酸钠、草酸钾、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钠、酒石酸氢钾、酒石酸氢钠、酒石酸二氢钾，酒石酸钾钠、乙酸钾、乙酸钠、乙酸铵、六次甲基四胺或甲醇钠中的一种或多种组合；性能添加剂是硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸锌、缩醛胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠或酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。该组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，利用烟火类荮剂燃烧的高温使其受热分解或反应，产生灭火物质。
其具体的灭火机理是：该灭火组合物在高温下可分解释放出灭火物质，该灭火物质可通过自由基与链式燃烧反应所必需的O·、OH·、H·自由基中的一种或几种进行反应，从而切断了链式燃烧反应，也可通过物理作用减少氧气分压而抑制火焰，或同时发生物理及化学抑制作用共同实现灭火效果，与此同时，与烟火药剂产生协同增效作用，进一步提高了灭火剂的灭火效能，大大缩短了有效灭火时间。
将选取上述实施例中的葡萄糖酸盐、糖类物质以及辅助灭火剂和性能添加剂共100g，按照下表1中的配比，经混合造粒打片等工序后可制成形状规则的固体片剂，加入装有100gK型热气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，依据BS6165：2002《Specificationforsmalldisposablefireextinguishersoftheaerosoltype》标准，在同等条件下与现有技术的灭火剂(S型灭火剂100g，K型灭火剂100g)进行0.25m293#汽油灭火试验对比，结果见表1。
表1各组配比和试验结果对比
从上述实验的对比结果可以看出：在相同实验条件下，实施例1-8灭火组合物两发甚至三发全灭，而对比例1-2的却均未灭掉；实施例1-8喷射时间均在11s左右，比对比例1的喷射时间缩短了近29s左右，与对比例2相比，也缩短了很多。因此，本发明的灭火组合物喷射时间短，喷射强度大，其灭火效能明显优于现有技术的灭火药剂。
Claims (5)
1.一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物包含有糖类衍生物、糖类物质和辅助灭火剂，其质量百分比分别为：
糖类衍生物30％-60％
糖类物质10％-40％
辅助灭火剂10％-30％
所述灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使其受热分解或反应，产生灭火物质随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的；
所述糖类衍生物为葡萄糖酸钠、葡萄糖酸钾、葡萄糖酸锌、葡萄糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸镁、葡萄糖酸铜、葡萄糖酸亚铁或葡萄糖酸锰中的一种或多种；
所述的糖类物质为糊精、葡萄糖、壳聚糖、淀粉或果糖中的一种或多种；
所述辅助灭火剂为有机酸盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述有机酸盐为草酸钠、草酸钾、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钠、酒石酸氢钾、酒石酸氢钠、酒石酸二氢钾，酒石酸钾钠、乙酸钾、乙酸钠、乙酸铵、甲醇钠中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物还包括性能添加剂，其质量百分比为2％-18％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述性能添加剂为硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸锌、缩醛胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠或酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求4所述含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物中各组分及其质量百分比为：
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| MYPI2014702167A MY175587A (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2012-08-16 | Fire extinguishing composition containing saccharide and saccharide derivative |
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| PCT/CN2012/080267 WO2013071783A1 (zh) | 2011-11-20 | 2012-08-16 | 一种含有糖类及糖类衍生物的灭火组合物 |
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| US9662522B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 |
| WO2013071783A1 (zh) | 2013-05-23 |
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Denomination of invention: A fire extinguishing composition containing sugars and their derivatives Effective date of registration: 20230506 Granted publication date: 20151209 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. Three Gorges Branch Pledgor: Hubei and Andun Fire Technology Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023420000194 |