WO2013069350A1 - 蒸留装置および蒸留方法 - Google Patents
蒸留装置および蒸留方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013069350A1 WO2013069350A1 PCT/JP2012/070176 JP2012070176W WO2013069350A1 WO 2013069350 A1 WO2013069350 A1 WO 2013069350A1 JP 2012070176 W JP2012070176 W JP 2012070176W WO 2013069350 A1 WO2013069350 A1 WO 2013069350A1
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- chamber
- housing
- heat
- liquid
- distillation apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0005—Evaporating devices suitable for floating on water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0011—Heating features
- B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
- B01D1/0035—Solar energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0082—Regulation; Control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
- B01D1/305—Demister (vapour-liquid separation)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
- B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
- B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
- B01D5/0066—Dome shaped condensation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/10—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/04—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from surface water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/268—Drying gases or vapours by diffusion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/42—Liquid level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/141—Wind power
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a distillation apparatus and a distillation method.
- the present invention relates to a distillation apparatus that generates distilled water (fresh water) from a liquid (for example, seawater) in a storage region using solar heat.
- distilled water fresh water
- a liquid for example, seawater
- FIG. 1 As a distillation apparatus for generating fresh water from seawater using solar heat, a device as shown in FIG. 1 has been proposed.
- a container 111 in which a solution S is placed is placed below a mountain-shaped condensation plate 110 that allows solar heat H to pass therethrough, and trays 112 for the distilled liquid W are provided below both ends of the condensation plate 110.
- trays 112 for the distilled liquid W are provided below both ends of the condensation plate 110.
- the solar heat H passes through the condensing plate 110 and heats the solution S placed in the container 111.
- the solvent of the heated solution S rises as vapor V and comes into contact with the inner surface of the condensing plate 110.
- the vapor V is cooled by the contact and condensed to form dew condensation D.
- This dew condensation D falls along the inner surface of the condensing plate 110 and then accumulates in the tray 112, whereby a distillate W is obtained.
- the distillation apparatus 1000 shown in FIG. 1 has a problem that if the solution S put in the container 111 is not evaporated, the distilled liquid W cannot be obtained unless the container S is replenished with the solution S. Even when the container 111 is replenished with the solution S, the replenishment control of the solution S tends to be difficult.
- a method for producing a large amount of distillate there is a method of performing distillation under reduced pressure in order to improve thermal efficiency.
- distillation is performed by combining a number of decompression chambers, and this method is called a multistage flash system.
- the multi-stage flash system a large amount of fresh water can be produced, regardless of the quality of seawater, but there is a problem that heat efficiency is very poor and a large amount of energy needs to be input.
- this seawater desalination plant is often attached to an oil refinery or a thermal power plant, and it is difficult to easily install it in other locations.
- This reverse osmosis method is a method in which salt is concentrated and discarded by applying pressure to seawater and passing it through a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane), thereby squeezing fresh water. It is more energy efficient than the multi-stage flash method, but the reverse osmosis membrane must be carefully pretreated so that it is not clogged with microorganisms and precipitates in seawater, and the equipment is expensive. There is a problem.
- the inventors of the present application have attempted to develop a method for easily producing distilled water (fresh water) by solar heat just by floating on the sea, lake or pond under such circumstances, and as a result of earnest studies, the present inventors have reached the present invention.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its main purpose is to be able to automatically replenish the liquid, and not to input a large amount of energy, thereby suppressing the equipment cost. It is to provide a distillation apparatus that can be used.
- the distillation apparatus is a distillation apparatus that generates distilled water by solar heat, and is provided with a heat transmission window that allows solar heat to pass through, a housing that fixes the heat transmission window, and the heat transmission window. And a heat absorber that absorbs solar heat that has passed through.
- the housing includes a first chamber in which the heat absorber is disposed, and a second chamber connected to the first chamber through a water vapor permeable film that transmits water vapor generated in the first chamber. .
- An inlet for taking in liquid is provided below the first chamber, and a water level adjusting mechanism for adjusting the water level of the liquid covering the heat absorber is provided in the first chamber.
- the housing is floated in a storage area where liquid is stored.
- the liquid in the storage region is introduced from the intake port, and the liquid introduced from the intake port is retained in the first chamber so as to cover the surface of the heat absorber.
- Water vapor from the liquid covering the surface of the heat absorber passes through the water vapor permeable membrane and is condensed on the wall surface of the second chamber to become distilled water.
- the first chamber is formed with an introduction opening extending in the vertical direction from the intake port
- the water level adjusting mechanism is a float valve
- the float valve is the first chamber. It is comprised from the float located in the liquid level of one chamber
- the housing includes a first member in which the heat absorber is installed, a second member connected to the first member and having the introduction opening formed therein, and the first chamber. And a third member that separates the second chamber.
- the water vapor permeable membrane is disposed on a part of the third member.
- the water vapor permeable membrane is composed of a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.
- an opening opened to the outside is formed in a lower region of the second member of the housing.
- the inlet is provided with a filter that allows liquid introduced into the inlet to pass therethrough.
- a gas permeable membrane for adjusting the pressure between the inside and the outside of the second chamber is provided in a part of the second chamber.
- the heat absorber is made of an iron plate.
- the heat absorber is made of a heat storage material.
- the surface of the heat absorber is black.
- the heat transmission window is made of glass or translucent resin.
- a pipe for discharging the distilled water to the outside is connected to the distillation apparatus.
- the pipe is connected to a pump unit that causes the distilled water in the pipe to flow.
- the pump unit is connected to a plurality of the distillation apparatuses via the pipe.
- the pump unit is installed on land.
- the distillation method according to the present invention is a distillation method for producing distilled water by solar heat, a step of floating a housing for fixing a heat transmission window through which solar heat passes in a storage region in which liquid is stored, and a liquid in the storage region In the first chamber of the housing, evaporating the liquid in the first chamber of the housing by solar heat transmitted through the transmission window, and the evaporated water vapor in the second chamber of the housing.
- the liquid level in the first chamber of the housing is maintained within a predetermined range by a water level adjusting mechanism.
- the water level adjusting mechanism is a float valve, and the amount of the liquid introduced into the first chamber of the housing is automatically adjusted by the float valve.
- the water vapor obtained by evaporating the liquid in the first chamber of the housing moves to the second chamber of the housing through the water vapor permeable membrane and condenses on the wall surface of the second chamber of the housing.
- the storage area is one selected from the group consisting of a sea, a lake and a pond.
- a plurality of the housings are floated in the storage region, and each of the plurality of housings is connected to a pump unit that sucks the distilled water through a pipe.
- the distilled water is collected from the plurality of housings.
- the distillation apparatus of the present invention includes a heat absorber that absorbs solar heat that has passed through the heat transmission window in a housing that fixes the heat transmission window that allows solar heat to pass through, and the first chamber in which the heat absorber in the housing is disposed.
- An intake port is provided below, and a water level adjusting mechanism for adjusting the water level of the liquid covering the heat absorber is provided. Therefore, when the distillation apparatus of the present invention is floated on a storage area (sea, lake, etc.), while automatically replenishing liquid (seawater, etc.) for producing distilled water, distilled water (fresh water) is supplied. Can be generated.
- the distillation apparatus of the present invention uses solar heat, it does not require a large amount of energy input compared to the multistage flash method or reverse osmosis method, and the equipment cost can be suppressed. An effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration of a water vapor permeable membrane 40.
- (A) represents the amount of heat to evaporate the water
- (b) represents the amount of water (cc / hour) that can be evaporated in 1 m 2 along with the amount of solar radiation and system efficiency
- (c) represents cal
- It is sectional drawing which shows typically the modification of the distillation apparatus 100 which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the distillation apparatus 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the distillation apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- the distillation apparatus 100 of this embodiment is an apparatus that generates distilled water by solar heat 72 from the sun 70.
- the distillation apparatus 100 includes a heat transmission window 10 through which solar heat 72 passes and a housing 20 that fixes the heat transmission window 10.
- a heat absorber 25 that absorbs solar heat (72, 74) that has passed through the heat transmission window 10 is disposed.
- the housing 20 of this embodiment is floated in the storage area 60 in which the liquid is stored.
- the storage area 60 is, for example, the sea, a lake, or a pond.
- the liquid is seawater, and the seawater can be desalted in the housing 20.
- the storage area 60 is not limited to a natural storage area (sea, lake), but may be an artificial storage area such as a dam.
- the storage area 60 is an artificial storage area that stores contaminated water attached to a factory. It doesn't matter.
- the housing 20 of the present embodiment includes a first chamber 21 in which the heat absorber 25 is disposed and a second chamber 22 connected to the first chamber 21 through a water vapor permeable membrane 40.
- the water vapor permeable membrane 40 of the present embodiment is a polymer film that transmits water vapor 64 generated in the first chamber 21 (arrow 65) and moves it to the second chamber 22, for example, a fluororesin porous membrane (typically Specifically, it is composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- the material constituting the water vapor permeable membrane 40 is not limited to a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, and for example, a material such as a polyethylene porous membrane, a polypropylene porous membrane, or a ceramic porous membrane can be used. It is.
- an inlet 50 for taking in a liquid is provided below the first chamber 21 of the housing 20.
- the first chamber 21 is provided with a water level adjusting mechanism 30 that adjusts the water level (L) of the liquid 63 covering the heat absorber 25.
- the liquid (for example, seawater) in the storage area 60 is introduced from the intake 50 of the housing 20 floating in the storage area (for example, the sea) 60.
- the intake port 50 is provided with a filter 35 that allows liquid introduced into the intake port 50 to pass therethrough, and the liquid (seawater) passes through the filter 35 as indicated by an arrow 61.
- the filter 35 is, for example, a polytetrafluoroethylene porous film.
- the filter 35 is fixed by a filter support member 38, and specifically, the filter 35 is attached to an attachment portion (periphery of the opening 52) of the filter support member 38.
- the liquid introduced from the intake 50 moves as indicated by an arrow 62 and is retained in the first chamber 21 so as to cover the surface of the heat absorber 25. Then, the liquid 63 covering the surface of the heat absorber 25 is evaporated by the heat energy of solar heat (sunlight) 74 transmitted through the heat transmission window 10 and the heat energy from the heat absorber 25 into the water vapor 64.
- the water vapor 64 from the liquid 63 in the housing 20 passes through the water vapor permeable membrane 40, is condensed on the wall surface 23 of the second chamber 22 (see the water droplet 67), and is gathered downward by gravity as indicated by an arrow 68. As a result, distilled water 69 is obtained.
- a lower part of the second chamber 22 is a water storage part 24 for distilled water 69. Since a part (for example, the lower half) of the wall surface 23 of the second chamber 22 is covered with the surrounding liquid (for example, seawater) 60, the cooling effect by the liquid 60 can be obtained.
- the surrounding liquid for example, seawater
- an introduction opening 54 extending in the vertical direction from the intake 50 is formed in the first chamber 21 of the housing 20.
- the water level adjusting mechanism 30 of the present embodiment is a float valve, and this float valve is installed in the introduction opening 54.
- the float valve is a self-regulating valve that keeps the liquid level of a water supply tank or the like at a constant water level.
- the float valve 30 of the present embodiment includes a float 32 positioned on the liquid level in the first chamber 21, a connection bar 34 disposed in the introduction opening 54, and a stop valve disposed on the lower end side of the connection bar 34. (36, 37).
- the float 32 is a hollow sphere that floats on water, and is a member that can lift the stop valve (36) connected to the lower part by buoyancy.
- the material of the float 32 is, for example, stainless steel or plastic.
- the connecting bar 34 is connected to the lower side of the float 32.
- the connection bar 34 is made of stainless steel, for example.
- the stop valve includes a plug member 36 connected to the connecting bar 34 and a closing member 37 disposed around the intake port 50 (or the lower end portion of the introduction opening 54).
- the stop valve (36) is made of, for example, brass or plastic.
- the housing 20 of the present embodiment divides the first member 20a in which the heat absorber 25 is installed, the second member 20b in which the introduction opening 54 is formed, the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22. And the third member 20c.
- the first member 20a has a portion extending in the horizontal direction, and the heat absorber 25 is disposed on the horizontal portion.
- the first member 20a is connected to the second member 20b.
- the first member 20a and the second member 20b are continuously formed of the same member, and an introduction opening 54 is formed in the portion of the second member 20b.
- the water level adjustment mechanism (float valve) 30 is arranged there.
- the first member 20a and the second member 20b may be constructed of different members and combined.
- “horizontal” is horizontal in the sense of installing the heat absorber 25, and is not limited to the horizontal in the strict sense, and there is a slight inclination, or there is unevenness rather than a flat surface. It does not matter.
- the third member 20 c of the housing 20 is a part of the wall surface of the first chamber 21 and a part of the wall surface of the second chamber 22.
- the water vapor permeable membrane 40 is disposed on a part of the third member 20c.
- a wall member 23a for sealing the space of the second chamber 22 in combination with the third member 20c is provided.
- the third member 20c and the wall member 23a are configured and combined as separate members, but may be integrated. Further, depending on the shape of the housing 20, the wall member 23a may be omitted, or the third member 20c and the first member 20a may be constructed as an integral member.
- a gas permeable membrane 42 that adjusts the pressure between the inside and the outside of the second chamber 22 is provided in a part of the second chamber 22 of the housing 20.
- the gas permeable membrane 42 is provided in a gas permeable window 85 (pressure adjusting window). With this gas permeable membrane 42, the pressure inside the second chamber 22 filled with the water vapor 66 can be adjusted.
- the gas permeable membrane 42 is made of a fluororesin porous membrane (typically polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)).
- the material constituting the gas permeable membrane 42 is not limited to a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, and for example, a material such as a polyethylene porous membrane, a polypropylene porous membrane, or a ceramic porous membrane can be used. It is.
- the housing 20 is made of, for example, stainless steel, iron, aluminum, or FRP. In the configuration of the present embodiment, the housing 20 is made of stainless steel. However, the housing 20 is not limited to this as long as the housing 20 floats in the storage area 60, and can be appropriately constructed from a suitable material. When the housing 20 is floated on seawater, it is preferable to use a material such as stainless steel or resin that is strong against seawater.
- an opening 28 opened to the outside is formed in the lower region of the first member 20a of the housing 20.
- the opening 28 can be a region where a weight (ballast) is provided to stabilize the housing 20.
- a member that increases buoyancy that is, a material having a specific gravity lighter than water: for example, a member filled with air, polystyrene foam, or the like
- a member filled with air, polystyrene foam, or the like is disposed in the opening 28. Is also possible.
- the member 25 heat absorption
- the member 25 heat absorption
- the heat transmission window 10 of the present embodiment is made of a translucent material, specifically, glass or a translucent resin.
- glass has an advantage of being excellent in durability against the sun because it is more resistant to ultraviolet rays than a resin material.
- the resin heat transmission window 10 is made of a glass plate. It has the characteristic that it is hard to break compared with the one of
- the heat transmission window 10 is held by a holding member 82 that holds a plate-like member.
- the holding member 82 is made of, for example, a rubber material.
- the holding member 82 is fixed to a part of the second member 20 b and a part of the wall member 23 a by a fixing member 83 that fixes the holding member 82 to the housing 20.
- the heat transmission window 10 is disposed obliquely to capture the light of the sun 70 (solar heat 72) efficiently. It is preferable to arrange the heat transmission window 10 at an angle so that the heat transmission window 10 faces south and faces the sun 70.
- the housing 20 is rotated by providing a screw in a part of the housing 20 so as to face the sun 70. If the solar heat 72 is to be taken into the heat transmission window 10 without being influenced by the direction of the sun 70, the heat transmission window 10 may be arranged in parallel.
- the heat absorber 25 that absorbs the solar heat 74 that has passed through the heat transmission window 10 is, for example, a member made of a heat storage material or a metal member (such as an iron plate or a stainless plate).
- a member made of a heat storage material or a metal member such as an iron plate or a stainless plate.
- the heat absorber 25 made of the heat storage material even after the sun 70 has been set down, the heat energy can be taken out from the heat storage material constituting the heat absorber 25 over a long period of time, thereby evaporating the liquid 63.
- the heat storage material constituting the heat absorber 25 examples include sensible heat storage materials such as water, stone, gravel, concrete, brick, glass powder, soil, and iron powder. These materials can be put in a predetermined container and used as the heat absorber 25 of the present embodiment.
- a container for example, a metal container (such as a stainless steel container) or a resin container
- the heat absorber 25 made of a heat storage material can be constructed by introducing the liquid in the storage region 60 into the first member 20a). is there. That is, the heat storage material constituting the heat absorber 25 can be procured on the spot, and a cost advantage can be obtained.
- heat storage material constituting the heat absorber 25 not only sensible heat storage material but also Zn (NO 3 ) 2 .2H 2 O, CaO (NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O, NaHPO 4 .12H 2 O, etc.
- a latent heat storage material can be used.
- a reaction heat storage material using reaction heat such as sodium sulfide or magnesium chloride can be used, and a paraffin heat storage material can also be used.
- the surface of the heat absorber 25 (or the surface of the container constituting the outer shell of the heat absorber 25) is preferably black (or a similar color) so as to enhance the absorption of the solar heat 74.
- the heat absorber 25 is a metal plate (for example, an iron plate), it is also preferable to make the metal plate black.
- the heat absorber 25 can be formed in a recess in a part of the first member 20a of the housing 20 and disposed in the recess.
- the heat absorber 25 is contained in the concave portion, so that it is possible to suppress the displacement of the heat absorber 25.
- the heat absorber 25 since the heat absorber 25 has a relatively heavy weight, the heat absorber 25 may be placed on the flat first member 20a. Furthermore, it is also possible to fix the heat absorber 25 on the first member 20a using a fixing means (welding, fastening member, adhesion, etc.).
- a distilled water outlet 26 is provided at a portion of the water storage unit 24 located below the second chamber 22.
- a distilled water 69 stored in the water storage unit 24 can be sucked out by setting a pump in the distilled water outlet 26.
- a drainage port 27 for the liquid 63 is formed in a part of the storage portion for the liquid 63 in the first chamber 21 (upper part of the first member 20a). The liquid 63 in the reservoir can be drained from the drain port 27.
- the drain port 27 is preferably provided at a low position in the storage part of the first chamber 21. In addition, you may use the drain port 27 as an exit which excludes the foreign material (for example, salt, sand, dust, etc.) accumulated in the storage part.
- evaporation 64 of the liquid (for example, seawater) 63 is generated by the thermal energy from the solar heat 74 and / or the heat absorber 25.
- the water level (depth) L of the liquid 63 located on the heat absorber 25 becomes large, it becomes difficult to promote the evaporation of the liquid 63.
- the liquid 63 is evaporated by the heat energy from the heat absorber 25, if the water level (L) of the liquid 63 is large, the heating of the liquid 63 is deteriorated, and the evaporation efficiency of the liquid 63 is reduced.
- the water level L of the liquid 63 is important for improving the evaporation efficiency.
- the water level L of the liquid 63 can be easily (automatically) adjusted by the water level adjusting mechanism 30.
- the stop valve (36, 37) is opened and the inflow of the liquid starts as shown in FIG. As a result, the water level L of the liquid 63 rises. In this way, the water level L of the liquid 63 can be maintained within a predetermined range (for example, 0.1 mm to 10 mm) by opening and closing the stop valves (36, 37) in the water level adjusting mechanism 30.
- the oval or oval float 32 is shown.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and for example, a circular float 32 as shown in FIG. 5 may be used.
- the connection bar 32b is connected to the lower part of the spherical ball part 32a.
- the connection bar 32b is connected to a fixing member 32c for fixing the connecting bar 34.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows an example of the configuration of the water vapor permeable membrane 40 according to the present embodiment.
- the water vapor permeable membrane 40 of this embodiment is composed of a porous polytetrafluoroethylene film 41.
- An example of the porous polytetrafluoroethylene film 41 is Temis (trade name; manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation).
- micropores 41c for example, a pore diameter of about 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m that leads from one surface 41a of the film 41 to the other surface 41b are formed.
- the film (porous membrane) 41 has a function of blocking water vapor 45 (for example, a size of 100 ⁇ m to 3000 ⁇ m) and allowing water vapor 47 (for example, a diameter of 0.0004 ⁇ m) to pass (arrow 47a). To 47b). Therefore, since the water vapor 47 can be selectively permeated by using the water vapor permeable membrane 40, clean water (distilled water) can be generated by condensing the water vapor 47.
- the porous film 41 as shown in FIG. 6 is also applied to the gas permeable membrane 42 that adjusts the pressure between the inside and the outside by utilizing the function of holding the liquid and allowing the gas to pass therethrough.
- the gas permeable membrane 42 composed of the porous film 41 is used as in the present embodiment, the pressure between the inside and the outside can be adjusted while maintaining the air permeability and providing the dustproof / waterproof function. it can.
- the water vapor permeable membrane 40 and the gas permeable membrane 42 may be made of the same material or different materials.
- FIG. 7A shows the amount of heat for evaporating water.
- FIG. 7B shows the amount of water (cc / hour) that can be evaporated at 1 m 2 together with the amount of solar radiation and system efficiency.
- FIG. 7C shows conversion of cal (calorie), J (joule), and Wh (watt hour).
- 1 cc of water is brought from 20 ° C. to 100 ° C. and 0.0026 MJ is required to evaporate from it.
- 1 hour solar radiation data at 12:00 on July 1, 2010, it is 3.09 MJ (Data A), and the system efficiency is 50% (Data B).
- Data A 3.09 MJ
- Data B the system efficiency is 50%
- cc / hour the amount of water (cc / hour) that can be evaporated at 1 m 2 is 596 cc / h. That is, 596 cc of water per 1 m 2 can be evaporated in the time zone of this day in Fukuoka.
- L water level
- the above-described conditions and water level (L) are merely examples, and the amount of sunshine varies depending on the region.
- the suitable water level (L) varies depending on the location, in the distillation apparatus 100 of this embodiment, the length of the connecting bar 34 (more specifically, the distance between the float 32 and the ball member 36) is adjusted. Thus, it is possible to easily execute a change suitable for the region.
- the structural conditions of the distillation apparatus 100 of the present embodiment will be described as an example as follows.
- the dimensions of the heat transmission window 10 are, for example, a width of 700 mm to 2000 mm, a length of 700 mm to 4000 mm, and a thickness of 4 mm to 10 mm.
- the dimensions of the housing 20 are, for example, a width of 900 mm to 2500 mm, a length of 1400 mm to 6000 mm, and a height of 800 mm to 1500 mm.
- the volume of the first chamber 21 is, for example, 0.15 m 3 to 5 m 3
- the volume of the second chamber 22 is 0.15 m 3 to 4 m 3 .
- a large amount of distilled water 69 can be generated using the large housing 20, and distilled water 69 for one person can be generated using the small housing 20.
- seawater or polluted water (such as lake water) can be evaporated by the solar heat 72 by floating in a place where the sea, pond or polluted water is stored.
- steam 66 is condensed by cooling the whole distillation apparatus 100 (or housing 20) with surrounding water, Thereby, the water (distilled water) suitable for a drink can be obtained.
- the distillation apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes the heat absorber 25 that absorbs the solar heat 74 that has passed through the heat transmission window 10 in the housing 20 that fixes the heat transmission window 10 through which the solar heat 72 passes.
- An intake 50 for taking in raw water is provided below the first chamber 21 in the housing 20 where the heat absorber 25 is disposed, and the water level of the liquid 63 covering the heat absorber 25 is provided.
- a water level adjusting mechanism 30 for adjusting L is provided. Therefore, when the distillation apparatus 100 of the present embodiment is floated on the storage region (sea, lake, etc.) 60, the liquid level (seawater, etc.) for generating the distilled water 69 is replenished by the operation of the water level adjustment mechanism 30.
- distilled water (fresh water) 69 can be generated.
- the distillation apparatus 100 of the present embodiment uses solar heat (72, 74), it is not necessary to input a large amount of energy as compared with the multistage flash method or the reverse osmosis method, and the equipment cost. The effect that it can suppress can be acquired.
- the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22 in the housing 20 are connected by using the water vapor permeable membrane 40, when the distillation apparatus 100 is shaken by sea waves or the like, the second chamber 22 is used. It is possible to prevent the condensed water 67 from returning to the first chamber 21.
- the water level adjusting mechanism 30 having the structure of the float valve (32, 34, 36, 37) is used.
- the water level L of the liquid 63 can be easily adjusted. It is possible to adopt other ones.
- the water level adjusting mechanism 30 for example, an adjusting mechanism that electronically senses the water level and opens and closes the valve can be used.
- the present invention has been described in detail above, these are merely examples, and the present invention can be implemented in other modes, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the housing 20 includes the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22.
- a configuration may be provided in which a further chamber is provided.
- one end of a pipe 29 is attached to the second chamber 22 and the other end of the pipe 29 is attached to a pump (not shown), and the distillation is stored in the water storage unit 24 in the second chamber 22. Water 69 can be sucked out.
- the pipe 29 can be made of a metal, in addition to a material such as rubber or resin.
- a plurality of distillation apparatuses 100 (housing 20) are floated on reservoirs, pipes 29 are connected to the respective distillation apparatuses 100, and pump stations (distillation) in which the pipes 29 are connected to a pump unit 90.
- Device station 200 can be constructed.
- the pump unit 90 of the pump station 200 may float on the reservoir, but can be disposed on land (land). If the pump unit 90 is disposed on land, it is easy to take out distilled water from the plurality of distillation apparatuses 100. In addition, by removing distilled water from the plurality of distillation apparatuses 100, the amount of distilled water produced can be improved, and the practical advantage is increased.
Abstract
Description
なお、本出願は2011年11月11日に出願された日本国特許出願2011-247535号に基づく優先権を主張しており、その出願の全内容は本明細書中に参照として組み入れられている。
20 ハウジング
21 第1室
22 第2室
23 壁面
23a 壁部材
24 貯水部
25 熱吸収体
26 蒸留水取出し口
27 排水口
28 開口部
29 配管
30 水位調整機構(フロートバルブ)
32 フロート
32a ボール部
32b 接続バー
32c 固定部材
34 連結バー
35 フィルタ
36 栓部材(ボール部材)
37 閉塞部材
38 フィルタ支持部材
40 水蒸気透過膜
42 気体透過膜
50 取入口
52 開口部
54 導入開口部
60 貯留領域
64 水蒸気
66 水蒸気
67 水滴
69 蒸留水
70 太陽
72、74 太陽熱
82 保持部材
83 固定部材
90 ポンプ部
100 蒸留装置
200 ポンプステーション(蒸留装置ステーション)
1000 蒸留装置
Claims (22)
- 太陽熱によって蒸留水を生成する蒸留装置であって、
太陽熱を通過させる熱透過窓と、
前記熱透過窓を固定するハウジングと、
前記ハウジング内に配置され、前記熱透過窓を通過した太陽熱を吸収する熱吸収体と
を備え、
前記ハウジングは、
前記熱吸収体が配置された第1室と、
前記第1室で発生した水蒸気を透過させる水蒸気透過膜を介して前記第1室に接続された第2室と
を備えており、
前記第1室の下方には、液体を取り入れる取入口が設けられており、
前記第1室には、前記熱吸収体を覆う液体の水位を調整する水位調整機構が設けられている、蒸留装置。 - 前記ハウジングは、液体が貯留された貯留領域に浮かべられ、
前記取入口から前記貯留領域の液体が導入され、
前記取入口から導入された液体は、前記熱吸収体の表面を覆うように前記第1室の内部において保留され、
前記熱吸収体の表面を覆う液体からの水蒸気は、前記水蒸気透過膜を通過し、前記第2室の壁面で凝縮されることによって蒸留水となる、請求項1に記載の蒸留装置。 - 前記第1室には、前記取入口から垂直方向に延びた導入開口部が形成されており、
前記水位調整機構は、フロートバルブであり、
前記フロートバルブは、
前記第1室内の液面に位置するフロートと、
前記フロートに接続され、前記導入開口部内に配置される連結バーと、
前記連結バーの下端側に配置されたストップバルブと
から構成されている、請求項1または2に記載の蒸留装置。 - 前記ハウジングは、
前記熱吸収体が設置される第1部材と、
前記第1部材に接続され、前記導入開口部が形成された第2部材と、
前記第1室と前記第2室とを区分けする第3部材と
から構成されている、請求項3に記載の蒸留装置。 - 前記第3部材の一部に、前記水蒸気透過膜が配置されている、請求項4に記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記水蒸気透過膜は、多孔質のポリテトラフルオロエチレン膜から構成されている、請求項5に記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記ハウジングの第1部材の下方領域には、外部に開放された開口部が形成されている、請求項4から6の何れか1つに記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記取入口には、前記取入口に導入される液体を透過させるフィルタが設けられている、請求項1から7の何れか1つに記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記第2室の一部には、前記第2室の内部と外部との圧力を調整する気体透過膜が設けられている、請求項1から8の何れか1つに記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記熱吸収体は、鉄板から構成されている、請求項1から9の何れか1つに記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記熱吸収体は、蓄熱材料から構成されている、請求項1から9の何れか1つに記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記熱吸収体の表面は、黒色である、請求項1から11の何れか1つに記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記熱透過窓は、ガラスまたは透光性樹脂から構成されている、請求項1から12の何れか1つに記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記蒸留装置には、前記蒸留水を外部に排出する配管が接続されている、請求項1から13の何れか1つに記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記配管は、前記配管内の前記蒸留水を流動させるポンプ部に接続されている、請求項14に記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記ポンプ部には、前記配管を介して、複数の前記蒸留装置に接続されている、請求項15に記載の蒸留装置。
- 前記ポンプ部は、陸上に設置されている、請求項15または16に記載の蒸留装置。
- 太陽熱によって蒸留水を生成する蒸留方法であって、
太陽熱を通過させる熱透過窓を固定するハウジングを、液体が貯留された貯留領域に浮かべる工程と、
前記貯留領域の液体を、前記ハウジングの第1室に導入する工程と、
前記透過窓を透過した太陽熱によって、前記ハウジングの第1室の液体を蒸発させる工程と、
前記蒸発させた水蒸気を、前記ハウジングの第2室で凝縮させる工程と
を含み、
前記ハウジングの第1室の液体の水位は、水位調整機構によって所定の範囲に維持される、蒸留方法。 - 前記水位調整機構は、フロートバルブであり、
前記フロートバルブによって、前記ハウジングの第1室に導入される前記液体の量が自動的に調整される、請求項18に記載の蒸留方法。 - 前記ハウジングの第1室の液体が蒸発した水蒸気は、前記水蒸気透過膜を通って、前記ハウジングの第2室に移動し、
前記ハウジングの第2室の壁面にて凝縮する、請求項18または19に記載の蒸留方法。 - 前記貯留領域は、海、湖および池からなる群から選択された一つである、請求項18から20の何れか1つに記載の蒸留方法。
- 複数の前記ハウジングが前記貯留領域に浮かべられており、
前記複数のハウジングのそれぞれは、前記蒸留水を吸引するポンプ部に、配管を通じて接続されており、
前記ポンプ部によって、前記複数のハウジングから前記蒸留水が集められる、請求項18から21の何れか一つに記載の蒸留方法。
Priority Applications (4)
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US14/356,503 US20140305788A1 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2012-08-08 | Distillation apparatus and distillation method |
EP12847753.6A EP2778139A4 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2012-08-08 | DISTILLATION APPARATUS AND DISTILLATION METHOD |
CN201280055272.0A CN103930375A (zh) | 2011-11-11 | 2012-08-08 | 蒸馏装置及蒸馏方法 |
AU2012337170A AU2012337170A1 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2012-08-08 | Distillation apparatus and distillation method |
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JP2011-247535 | 2011-11-11 | ||
JP2011247535 | 2011-11-11 |
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EP (1) | EP2778139A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2013121585A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103930375A (ja) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108892192A (zh) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-11-27 | 湖南省农村科技发展中心 | 用于南海岛屿旅游的便携式自驱动太阳能海水淡化装置 |
CN113620383A (zh) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-09 | 北京理工大学 | 一种植物仿生式太阳能蒸馏器 |
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AU2012337170A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
JP2013121585A (ja) | 2013-06-20 |
CN103930375A (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
EP2778139A4 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
EP2778139A1 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
US20140305788A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
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