WO2013060282A1 - 用于富集、提纯干细胞的方法、试剂盒及其应用方法 - Google Patents

用于富集、提纯干细胞的方法、试剂盒及其应用方法 Download PDF

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WO2013060282A1
WO2013060282A1 PCT/CN2012/083545 CN2012083545W WO2013060282A1 WO 2013060282 A1 WO2013060282 A1 WO 2013060282A1 CN 2012083545 W CN2012083545 W CN 2012083545W WO 2013060282 A1 WO2013060282 A1 WO 2013060282A1
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cell
lectin
stem cells
cells
cell population
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PCT/CN2012/083545
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English (en)
French (fr)
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卢磊磊
李福生
卢淼淼
卢晶晶
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Lu Leilei
Li Fusheng
Lu Miaomiao
Lu Jingjing
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602Vertebrate cells
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2501/00Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
    • C12N2501/06Anti-neoplasic drugs, anti-retroviral drugs, e.g. azacytidine, cyclophosphamide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2501/00Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
    • C12N2501/50Cell markers; Cell surface determinants
    • C12N2501/59Lectins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for enriching and purifying stem cells, a kit and a method thereof, and more particularly to a method and kit for enriching and purifying stem cells from a cell population of rodent, human or other mammalian origin, and purified Stem cells are used in applications such as diagnostics, drug screening, basic research, tissue engineering, repair of damaged and diseased tissues. Background technique
  • stem cells have the following characteristics: 1) long-term self-renewal ability; 2) capable of producing highly differentiated other types of cells; 3) themselves in an undifferentiated state; 4) generally in a slow cycle or resting state; 5) in tissue In the corresponding niches.
  • stem cells can be subdivided and classified into the following three types: The first is that they can grow into any type of pluripotent stem cells, which are produced by the fusion of egg cells and sperm cells; the second is that they can differentiate into All types of cells except pluripotent stem cells are called pluripotent stem cells; the third is cells that can only produce one cell type, these cells are called pluripotent stem cells or progenitor cells, they still have self Updated features that distinguish them from non-stem cells (Krause DS et al, Cell, 2001. 105: 369-377; Reya T et al, Nature, 2001. 414: 105-111).
  • stem cells are divided into Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs).
  • Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent. In theory, almost any tissue in the body can be regenerated in the body. The main challenge at present is how to obtain a high-purity embryonic stem cell population. When applied to cell therapy, residual undifferentiated embryonic stem cells are potentially tumorigenic, so undifferentiated embryonic stem cells must be removed prior to treatment. In addition, impure embryonic stem cells will lead to bias in drug screening in terms of effectiveness, toxicology, differentiation potential, or other aspects, and there is a need to develop a reliable method for identifying and purifying embryonic stem cells.
  • Adult stem cells are another type of undifferentiated cell that has the ability to repair, regenerate, and replace. It is usually located in a specific niche. After being damaged by the outside world, it will mobilize or produce new stem cells to form new ones through proliferation and differentiation. Functional cells, which regulate the number of tissues and organs, maintain a dynamic balance. The pluripotent characteristics of adult stem cells were first discovered in adult stem cells obtained in the bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cells are one of the most exhaustive adult stem cells currently studied. They have been the subject of stem cell research for nearly 40 years. They undergo self-renewing cell division in the body and differentiate into all hematopoietic components at the single cell level. Functionally, bone marrow of animals and humans with severe myelosuppression is restored.
  • Thy-l 1 TM or FLK2 - Lineage - Sea- l + c-Kit + sorting hematopoietic stem cell population For example, Thy-l 1 TM or FLK2 - Lineage - Sea- l + c-Kit + sorting hematopoietic stem cell population (Christemsen JL et al, PNAS, 2001. 98: 14541-14546; Uchida N et al, Experimental hematology, 1996. 24: 649-659), Screening of new stem cell populations from peripheral blood using CD14+ immunomagnetic separation (PCT/055950 stem cell purification, identification and use) with a 6 bri 10G7 dim (Li A et al, PNAS, 1998.
  • PCT/055950 CD14+ immunomagnetic separation
  • the publication No. CN108677A provides a method for targeting and enriching stem cells.
  • the technical solution is to combine specific antibodies against stem cell surface antigens with stem cells, and then label the immunomagnetic beads, and after transplantation, pass through two opposite magnetic poles. Stem cells are enriched in the target tissue.
  • ABSC ATP-binding cassette
  • the PCT/021504 patent discloses a method for identifying stem cells based on nuclear morphology, and by observing the morphology of the nuclear nucleus distributed in the treated tissue sample, the type of nuclear morphotype is selected from: bell shape , cigar-shaped, condensed spheres, spheres, ovoid, sausage-shaped, kidney-shaped, and bullet-shaped, allowing the histology/pathology technician to differentiate cells into stem/non-stem cells based on nuclear morphology.
  • chemotherapeutic drugs act is that they interfere with or inhibit key steps in the cell division pathway.
  • the main targets are DNA replication, DNA repair, chromosome segregation or cytokinesis.
  • fluorouracil which is a commonly used cytotoxic drug, can interfere with DNA synthesis and replication. Its mechanism of action is first converted to fluorouracil and fluorouracil deoxynucleoside in vivo, and they are further converted into corresponding mono-, di-, and triphosphates. Nucleosides and deoxynucleosides (FUdRP).
  • FUdRP inhibits the activity of thymidine synthetase (TS), thereby blocking the methylation of uracil deoxynucleotides (dUMP) and forming thymidine deoxynucleotides (dTMP), producing "thymidine-free” Death (thamihe-less death), causes cell proliferation to stop in the S phase (DNA synthesis phase) and die.
  • TS thymidine synthetase
  • dUMP uracil deoxynucleotides
  • dTMP thymidine deoxynucleotides
  • thamihe-less death thamihe-less death
  • Another major cytotoxic drug is a drug that directly induces DNA strand breakage or a drug that inhibits DNA break repair, such as cyclophosphamide, which is a drug that directly cleaves DNA strands (Sparano JA et al, Journal of Infosional Chemistry, 1994.4) :28-3
  • the third major drug is the destruction of tubulin assembly and dissociation, such as the taxane compound paclitaxel, which acts on tubulin, polymerizing tubulin into a stable bundle of microtubules that cannot dissociate and interfere with cells. Growth; in the case of, for example, the drug vinblastine acting on the spindle, instead, it inhibits tubulin, making it impossible Assembled into microtubules to achieve the purpose of interfering with cells (Diesras V et al, Journal of Infusional Chemistry, 1995. 5: 191-2).
  • CSCs cancer stem cells
  • cancer stem cells brings dawn to the treatment of tumors. Therefore, if it can identify cancer stem cells, it will have important clinical significance, for example, by targeting cancer stem cells to cure tumors, etc., which will have significant application value and economic benefits. .
  • lectin first appeared in 1888 and was found to have the property of agglutinating red blood cells. In simple terms, lectins are also proteins that are widely isolated from plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, etc., and have the property of binding to glycolipids or glycopeptide-end-specific carbohydrates (Sharon N et al, Science, 1972.177 (53): 949-59; Pusztai A, Plant Lectin, 1991.
  • glycosylation is the process of attaching sugars to proteins or lipids under the action of enzymes. This process is one of the steps of co-translational and post-transfer modification, occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the probability of glycosylation of cell surface proteins is almost over 50%.
  • lectins have the ability to bind or kill embryonic cell and germ cell tumor cells, and later found that antigens on the surface of pluripotent stem cells are often shown as sugar.
  • Protein or glycolipid suggesting that protein-specific glycosylation may be cellular A sign of pluripotency.
  • pancreatic epithelium and tubular cell membranes that develop during embryonic development
  • other researchers have further found that there is a site on the cell membrane that specifically binds to lectin, suggesting that a lectin that recognizes a specific glycoform on the cell membrane may serve as an indicator.
  • Cells have a pluripotency marker that can be used to characterize pancreatic precursor cells (Kobayashi et al, BBRC, 2002. 293(2):691-7).
  • Lewis X antigen is expressed on the cell membranes of mouse embryonic stem cells, pluripotent cells and embryonic cancer cells, but not in human embryonic stem cells, inner cell mass or embryonic cancer cells. The above expression (Muramatstu TA et al, Glycoconjugate Journal, 2004. 21: 41-45), further research on this inconsistency in the future.
  • D-galactose-producing concanavalin can be used to further cluster rodent hematopoietic stem cells (Salner AL et al., 1982, J Natl Cancer Inst. 68(4):639-41 It can even be used to identify and isolate PNA-positive cell populations from neural tissue (Rietze RL et al, Nature, 2001. 412 (6848): 736-9), and whether the sorted cells are stem cells requires further analysis.
  • the present invention aims to disclose a method, a kit and an application method for enriching and purifying stem cells.
  • the method and kit provided by the invention can be widely used for normal ex vivo or biopsy tissues, normal/tumor/cancer cell lines, tumor/precancerous tissues, cancer/tumor tissues, from rodents, humans or other mammals,
  • the purified tumor cells are enriched in the metastatic tumor/cancer tissue, and the primary and passage cell population derived from the above tissues.
  • kits provided by the invention has the advantages of simple use, accurate and effective enrichment and purification of stem cells, large-scale industrial production and strong practicability, and has wide application prospects.
  • One aspect of the present invention is to disclose a method for enriching and purifying stem cells, using a combination chemotherapy drug and a lectin for enriching and purifying stem cells from a cell population, the method comprising:
  • a lectin conjugate comprising: at least one lectin that binds to a receptor on the cell, and then the lectin-bound cell population and remaining cells Sample separation;
  • the purpose of enriching and purifying stem cells from the cell population and obtaining cell samples rich in stem cells is achieved, and constitutes the core of the present invention.
  • the invention still further comprises performing cell pretreatment of the population of cells prior to contacting the population of cells with a chemotherapeutic agent.
  • the cell pretreatment process selects a reagent for precipitating or lysing the red blood cells in the cell population by precipitation or lysis
  • the reagent may be selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl starch, gelatin, dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methyl group at a concentration of 0.1-20%. Any one of cellulose and carboxymethyl starch; or alternatively, it may be any one of ammonium chloride red blood cell lysate, physiological saline solution having a mass concentration of less than 0.9%; or sodium diatrizoate-dextran, Any one of HITOPAQUE and Ficoll, wherein the reagent is at least repeatedly contacted with the cell population once.
  • the chemotherapeutic drugs of the present invention include, but are not limited to, antibiotic chemotherapeutic drugs, anti-metabolic chemotherapeutic drugs, alkylating agent chemotherapeutic drugs, hormones and endocrine chemotherapeutic drugs, phytochemotherapeutic drugs, nitrosourea chemotherapeutic drugs, antibody blocker chemotherapeutic drugs, One or a combination of two or more of asparaginase, procarbamide, platinum oxalate, platinum, propylimine, hydroxyurea, and amidoimimine, and a derivative thereof, the chemotherapeutic drug contacting the cell population
  • the time is less than or equal to 168 hours.
  • the lectin in the lectin conjugate of the present invention comprises one or a combination of two or more of a natural or chemically synthesized plant lectin, an animal lectin or a derivative thereof, wherein the concentration of the lectin For 0.001 to 50 mg/ml, the time of contact with the cell population is less than or equal to 150 minutes, and the incubation temperature is less than or equal to 38 °C.
  • the conjugate in the lectin conjugate may be optionally combined with any one of a fluorescent dye, a magnetic microsphere or a high molecular weight biomacromolecule, or an antibody or antibody derivative having affinity for a lectin. Or one of the antibody fragments.
  • the molecular weight of the high molecular weight biomacromolecule bound to the lectin is between 10,000 Daltons (Mw) and 500,000 Daltons (Mw), wherein the high molecular weight biomacromolecules are selectable It is any one of bovine serum albumin, hydroxyethyl starch, gelatin, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch, dextran, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • the stem cell-containing cell population is derived from a rodent, human or other mammalian embryonic tissue, adult tissue, tumor/precancerous tissue, tumor/cancerous tissue, metastatic tumor/cancer tissue, or other potentially containing stem cells.
  • the combination of the two or more types of tissues may also be derived from one or a combination of two or more of the primary, passage cell populations of the tissues.
  • the enriched and purified stem cells include totipotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, cancer stem cells, and cancer stem cells, and further contact with known stem cell markers.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a kit for use in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug and a lectin for enriching and purifying stem cells, and a method of using the same, for use in enriching and purifying stem cells from the cell population.
  • the kit for enriching and purifying stem cells according to the present invention comprises:
  • the cell is positively selecting reagent B; (3) and optional containers.
  • the cell negative selection reagent A is a chemotherapy drug, including but not limited to antibiotic chemotherapy drugs, anti-metabolic chemotherapy drugs, alkylating agents chemotherapy drugs, hormones and endocrine chemotherapy drugs, plant chemotherapy drugs, nitrosourea-based chemotherapy drugs, antibody resistance
  • a chemotherapy drug including but not limited to antibiotic chemotherapy drugs, anti-metabolic chemotherapy drugs, alkylating agents chemotherapy drugs, hormones and endocrine chemotherapy drugs, plant chemotherapy drugs, nitrosourea-based chemotherapy drugs, antibody resistance
  • a drug chemotherapeutic drug asparaginase, procarbamide, oxalic acid platinum, platinum, propylimine, hydroxyurea, and aminomethamine and derivatives thereof, the chemotherapeutic drug
  • the time of contacting the cell population is less than or equal to 168 hours;
  • the cell positive selection reagent B is a lectin and or a lectin conjugate, including but not limited to one or a combination of two or more of natural or synthetic phytohemagglutinin, animal lectin or a derivative thereof, wherein
  • the conjugate in the lectin conjugate may be optionally combined with any one of a fluorescent dye, a magnetic microsphere or a high molecular weight biomacromolecule, or an antibody or antibody derivative or antibody having affinity for the lectin
  • the concentration of the lectin is 0.001 to 50 mg/ml
  • the time of contact with the cell population is less than or equal to 150 minutes
  • the incubation temperature is less than or equal to 38 °C.
  • the kit of the present invention further comprises a cell pretreatment reagent C for precipitating or lysing red blood cells in the cell population.
  • the cell pretreatment reagent may also be selected from any of sodium gluconate-dextran or HITOPAQUE or Ficoll.
  • the stem cell-containing cell population is a normal adult, embryonic tissue and or pathological, tumor, precancerous, cancerous, cancer metastatic tissue of rodent, human or other mammalian origin, or primary from said tissue, One or a combination of two or more of the passaged cell population.
  • the fluorescence activated cell sorting method can be selected for identifying and sorting the cell population bound to the lectin-binding compound or the cell population for separating the lectin by selective precipitation, and further, separating
  • the stem cell comprises a receptor on the cell membrane that binds to a lectin.
  • kit of the present invention may further comprise an eluted sugar reagent, a purified stem cell obtained according to the kit of the present invention, which may then elute the lectin conjugate from the cell by adding an eluting sugar.
  • the stem cells obtained are free of any foreign markers.
  • the enriched and purified stem cells of the present invention and the progeny thereof are derived from a rodent, human and other mammalian tumor/precancerous lesion tissue between normal tissue and cancer/neoplastic tissue, or Primary, passage cell populations from the tissue.
  • the purified and purified stem cells include pluripotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, adult stem cells, tumor stem cells, cancer stem cells, and further, they are contacted with known stem cell markers.
  • the stem cells obtained according to the kit of the present invention may also be added with physiological saline, PBS buffer, HBSS buffer to adjust the concentration and volume of stem cells.
  • the invention provides a method for applying the kit, and the application method thereof comprises the following steps:
  • step (2) contacting the cell population passing through step (1) with the negative selection reagent A of the cell, and the contact time is less than or equal to 168 hours;
  • the concentration of the lectin is 0.001 to 30 mg/ml, and the time of contact with the cell population is less than or equal to 150 minutes, the incubation temperature is less than or equal to 38 ° C; (6) Separating and obtaining a lectin-positive cell population: fluorescence-activated cell sorting or static precipitation may be selected;
  • the lectin conjugate is eluted from the cells by adding an eluting sugar, so that the obtained stem cells are free of any foreign markers.
  • the enrichment of purified stem cells according to the method and kit of the present invention is useful for applications in basic, clinical and applied research, tissue engineering, treatment, drug screening, repair and regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the enrichment and purification of embryonic stem cells and the results of microscopic observation, which is specifically as in Example 1.
  • Figure A is the experimental result, in which the peak 1 part is pre-added to the isotype control and the cell population, and then added to the bovine serum albumin-binding lectin SBA enrichment and purification of the cells, the results of the analysis of the cells by FITC-SBA lectin identification B is the result of fluorescent immunohistochemical staining.
  • FITC-SBA green fluorescence appears on the surface of enriched and purified mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and OCT-4 red fluorescence (asterisk) appears in the nucleus, and the nuclei are stained with DAPI. The magnification of the picture is 100 times.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the enrichment and purification of the lung stem cells and the results of microscopic observation, specifically as in Example 2.
  • UEA T-UEA
  • was used as a molecular marker to enrich and purify stem cells from lung cell populations. PI staining excluded dead cells, and the number of lectin-positive cells was 6.1% (n 2); C-graph indicates newly isolated T-UEA
  • the lectin-positive cell population was observed by laser confocal microscopy, and the arrows were T-UEA+ (red) / c-Kit+ (green) lung stem cells. The nuclei were stained with DAPI and the magnification of the image was 100 times.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the purification and microscopic observation of liver cancer stem cells, which is specifically as in Example 3.
  • B map shows the use of TRITC-labeled lectin DBA (T-DBA) as a molecular marker to identify and purify stem cells from liver cancer tissues.
  • T-DBA TRITC-labeled lectin DBA
  • the C-graph indicates the newly isolated lectin-positive liver cancer stem cell population, which was observed by laser confocal microscopy, in which the nuclei were stained with DAPI, and the asterisk refers to CD90+ ( Green) Cells, the magnification of the picture is 100 times.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the results of enriching and purifying stem cells from bone marrow and cord blood, as in Example 4.
  • Panel A shows the results of enrichment of stem cells from bone marrow cell populations using PE-labeled lectin DBA (PE-DBA).
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the enrichment of cardiac stem cells by a kit and microscopic observation results, as in Example 5.
  • Heart stem cells, long arrows refer to F-SJA +/Nkx2.5+ cardiac stem cells, and the magnification of the picture is 100 times.
  • cell population refers to a combination of one or more cells, generally referred to as a group of cells, and unless otherwise indicated, the term refers to or consists of cells purified as described herein. A cell population that purifies cells.
  • the cell population includes obtained from rodent, human or other mammalian normal tissues, tumor/precancerous tissues, tumor/cancer tissues, metastatic tumors/cancer tissues, established cell lines, primary cell populations, passaged cell populations, which may be A cell composition having a common phenotype or a cell composition comprising at least a portion having a common phenotype, when the cells are substantially similar or identical in one or more significant features, the cells can be considered to have a common phenotype, characteristics including but not limited to morphology Appearance, presence or absence of expression of a cellular component or product (RA, protein or other substance), viability of a biochemical pathway, proliferative capacity and or kinetic behavior, differentiation potential and or response to differentiation signals or in vitro culture behavior . Therefore, this remarkable feature can be defined as a cell population or a part thereof.
  • RA cellular component or product
  • cell population containing stem cells refers to a population of cells comprising at least one stem or progenitor cell, or comprising a portion of progenitor or stem cells.
  • the portion of the stem or progenitor cells can have a common phenotype or a different phenotype.
  • the term "stem cell” refers to a pluripotent stem cell, a pluripotent stem cell, a pluripotent stem cell or a progenitor cell, a tumor stem cell, a cancer stem cell capable of self-renewal for a long period of time (ie, capable of proliferating without differentiation), resting or proliferating. , wherein the progeny of the stem cell, or at least a portion thereof, substantially retains the phenotype, differentiation potential, and proliferative capacity of the parental stem cell that is not specialized or relatively less specialized.
  • the term includes stem cells that are capable of substantially unlimited self-renewal, ie, the ability of the progeny or parts thereof to further proliferate is not significantly reduced compared to the parent, as well as stem cells that exhibit limited self-renewal, ie: compared to the parent cell, the offspring The ability of or a portion thereof to further proliferate is significantly reduced.
  • the stem or progenitor cells may be pluripotent, versatile, versatile, or unipotent, based on the type of cell they produce.
  • the term "rodent” as used herein refers to rats, mice, etc.; “mammal” refers to humans, cows, horses, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, and the like.
  • the term “embryo” refers to any time before birth, and the term “adult” refers to any time after birth, preferably any period of time.
  • the term “ex vivo” includes tissue or cells that leave an animal or human and are preserved or propagated in vitro, such as in a culture vessel.
  • biopsy includes obtaining tissue from an animal or human tissue or organ using methods generally known in the art.
  • the present invention is derived from intensive research by the present inventors, and an object of the present invention is to disclose a method for enriching and purifying stem cells, which is used in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug and a lectin for enriching and purifying stem cells from a cell population, the method Includes:
  • a lectin conjugate comprising: at least one lectin that binds to a receptor on the cell, and then the lectin-bound cell population and remaining cells Sample separation;
  • the stem cells are enriched and purified from the cell population, and a cell sample rich in stem cells is obtained.
  • the cell pretreatment process selects an agent that precipitates or lyses the red blood cells in the cell population by precipitation or lysis, and the reagent can be selected.
  • the reagent can be selected. Any of hydroxyethyl starch, gelatin, dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl starch having a mass concentration of 0.1 to 20%; or alternatively, ammonium chloride erythrocyte lysate, mass concentration Any one of less than 0.9% physiological saline solution; or one of sodium gluconate-dextran, HITOPAQUE, Ficoll; or the reagent is at least repeatedly contacted with the cell population once.
  • the chemotherapeutic drugs include, but are not limited to, antibiotic chemotherapeutic drugs, anti-metabolic chemotherapeutic drugs, alkylating agents chemotherapeutic drugs, hormones and endocrine chemotherapeutic drugs, phytochemotherapeutic drugs, nitrosourea chemotherapeutic drugs, antibody blockers chemotherapeutic drugs, doors One or a combination of two or more of the enzymes of asparaginase, procarbazine, platinum oxalate, platinum, propylimine, hydroxyurea, and amidoimimine and derivatives thereof. Further, the chemotherapeutic agent is in contact with the cell population for less than or equal to 168 hours.
  • the lectin in the lectin conjugate comprises one or a combination of two or more of natural or chemically synthesized plant lectins, animal lectins or derivatives thereof.
  • the concentration of the lectin is 0.001 to 50 mg/ml, the time of contact with the cell population is less than or equal to 150 minutes, and the incubation temperature is 38 °C or less. Further, one or a combination of two or more kinds of plant lectins is preferred.
  • the conjugate in the lectin conjugate may be selected in advance to bind to any one of a fluorescent dye, a magnetic microsphere or a high molecular weight biomacromolecule, or an antibody or antibody derivative having affinity for a lectin; Or one of the antibody fragments.
  • the molecular weight of the high molecular weight biomacromolecule bound to the lectin is between 10,000 Daltons (Mw) and 500,000 Daltons (Mw), and further, the high molecular weight biomacromolecules may It is selected from any one of bovine serum albumin, hydroxyethyl starch, gelatin, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch, dextran, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • the purified and purified stem cells include pluripotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, cancer stem cells, and cancer stem cells, and are further contacted with known stem cell markers, such as 0CT-4, Sca-K CD90, c-Kit, and the like.
  • the stem cell-containing cell population is derived from a rodent, human or other mammalian embryonic tissue, adult tissue, tumor/precancerous tissue, tumor/cancerous tissue, metastatic tumor/cancer tissue, or other potentially containing stem cells.
  • the cell population may be derived from one or a combination of two or more of the primary cell population and the passage cell population of the above tissue.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to disclose a kit for use in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug and a lectin for enriching and purifying stem cells, and a method of using the same, for use in enriching and purifying stem cells from the cell population.
  • kit for enriching and purifying stem cells comprising:
  • the cell negative selection reagent A is a chemotherapy drug, including but not limited to antibiotic chemotherapy drugs, anti-metabolic chemotherapy drugs, alkylating agents chemotherapy drugs, hormones and endocrine chemotherapy drugs, plant chemotherapy drugs, nitrosourea-based chemotherapy drugs, antibody resistance
  • a chemotherapy drug including but not limited to antibiotic chemotherapy drugs, anti-metabolic chemotherapy drugs, alkylating agents chemotherapy drugs, hormones and endocrine chemotherapy drugs, plant chemotherapy drugs, nitrosourea-based chemotherapy drugs, antibody resistance
  • a drug chemotherapeutic drug asparaginase, procarbamide, oxalic acid platinum, platinum, propylimine, hydroxyurea, and aminomethamine and derivatives thereof, the chemotherapeutic drug
  • the time to contact the cell population is up to 168 hours, up to 120 hours, up to 96 hours, up to 80 hours, up to 48 hours, up to 24 hours, up to 12 hours, up to 60 minutes, up to 30 minutes, Up to 10 min, up to 5 min, up to lmin,
  • the cell positive selection reagent B is a lectin and or a lectin conjugate, including but not limited to one or a combination of two or more of natural or synthetic phytohemagglutinin, animal lectin or a derivative thereof, wherein
  • the conjugate in the lectin conjugate may be optionally combined with any one of a fluorescent dye, a magnetic microsphere or a high molecular weight biomacromolecule, or an antibody or antibody derivative or antibody having affinity for the lectin
  • the concentration of the lectin is 0.001 to 50 mg/ml
  • the time of contact with the cell population is less than or equal to 150 minutes
  • the incubation temperature is less than or equal to 38 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 37 ° C.
  • it is less than or equal to 18 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 4 ° C.
  • the kit further comprises a cell pretreatment reagent C for precipitating or lysing red blood cells in the cell population.
  • the cell pretreatment reagent may also be selected from any of sodium gluconate-dextran, HITOPAQUE, and Ficoll.
  • the stem cell-containing cell population is a normal adult, embryonic tissue and or pathological, tumor, precancerous, cancerous, cancer metastatic tissue of rodent, human or other mammalian origin, or primary or passage from the above tissue
  • the stem cell-containing cell population is a normal adult, embryonic tissue and or pathological, tumor, precancerous, cancerous, cancer metastatic tissue of rodent, human or other mammalian origin, or primary or passage from the above tissue
  • the purification (purification) of the lectin-positive cell population can be performed by flow cytometry (fluorescein-binding lectin), magnetic bead screening (coagulation coated with lectin), adsorption column or other known means. Identification, analysis and purification, for example, immunoaffinity purification, binding of the binding compound to the solid support, and, for example, panning, binding of the compound to the tissue culture dish.
  • the cell population in which the lectin is bound may be isolated by a precipitation method (in combination with a biomacromolecule), and after a certain period of time, the lower layer of the precipitated cell population is aspirated.
  • the lectin is labeled with fluorescein
  • FACS fluorescence activated cell sorter
  • the method and the kit according to the present invention are enriched and purified by at least one stem cell.
  • the purity of the purified stem cells is at least 99%, at least 95%, at least 90%, at least 85%.
  • lectin refers to a group of proteome that shares the characteristics of a carbohydrate group specific for glycolipid or glycoprotein.
  • the lectins include purified lectins from natural sources, such as from plants, animals, fungi, algae, and bacteria, or selected modified lectins or derivatives thereof (natural or synthetic), or chemically synthesized.
  • Lectin derivatives include one or more subunits of a multi-subunit lectin.
  • the lectin may be a plant lectin, which may be, but is not limited to, the invention.
  • Lectins are commercially available from many commercial suppliers, such as Sigma and Vector Lab.
  • stem cells are isolated, which comprise a receptor on the cell membrane that binds to a lectin.
  • the lectin conjugate can be further eluted from the cells by adding an eluting sugar, so that the obtained stem cells are free of any foreign markers. .
  • the enriched and purified stem cells include pluripotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, adult stem cells, cancer stem cells, and cancer stem cells, and further, the isolated stem cells have agglutination in the cell surface with a lectin-binding substance.
  • the receptor bound by the hormone is further contacted with a known stem cell marker, such as 0CT-4, Sca-K Alb, c-Kit, CD90 and the like.
  • the stem cells obtained according to the method and the kit of the present invention may also be added with physiological saline, PBS buffer, and HBSS buffer to adjust the concentration and volume of stem cells.
  • physiological saline PBS buffer
  • HBSS buffer physiological saline
  • the purified stem cells obtained according to the method and the kit of the present invention those skilled in the art should understand that the stem cells belong to the protection scope of the present invention, and any modification based on the stem cells of the present invention belongs to the spiritual scope of the present invention. protected range.
  • the invention also provides a method for applying the kit, and the application method thereof comprises the following steps:
  • step (4) contacting the cell population that has passed through step (4) with the cell positive selection reagent B, the concentration of the lectin is 0.001 to 50 mg/ml, and the time of contact with the cell population is less than or equal to 150 minutes, the incubation temperature is less than or equal to 38 ° C;
  • Stem cells can also be added to physiological saline, PBS buffer, HBSS buffer to adjust the concentration and volume of stem cells.
  • the chemotherapeutic drug, lectin conjugate, and eluting sugar in the vial of the kit of the present invention may be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable solution, for example, with sterile saline, PBS buffer or other pharmaceutically acceptable sterile liquid. combination.
  • the chemotherapeutic drug or lectin composition may be lyophilized or dried, and in such cases, the kit optionally further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable solution contained in a container, such as physiological saline, PBS buffer, and the like.
  • it is sterile to dissolve the lyophilized or dried chemotherapeutic drug, lectin conjugate.
  • the enrichment of purified stem cells according to the method and kit of the present invention is useful for applications in basic, clinical and applied research, tissue engineering, treatment, drug screening, repair and regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues.
  • DAPI FITC-labeled SBA lectin
  • F-SBA FITC-labeled SBA lectin
  • PGA hydroxyethyl starch
  • anti-OCT-4 antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz
  • collagenase trypsin
  • placenta blue ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • GBICO ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • fetal bovine serum fetal bovine serum
  • DMEM medium blood cell counting plate
  • ammonium chloride (IX) ammonium chloride
  • Bovine serum albumin is pre-bound with lectin SBA to form a bovine serum albumin-SBA complex.
  • Wash buffer PBS (pH 7.4 ⁇ 0.1)
  • blocking buffer 3% BSA in wash buffer (PBS)
  • antigen repair solution citrate buffer
  • membrane buffer TBS (0.1% Triton) +PBS).
  • the concentration of the lectin is 3 mg/ml, and after standing at 37 ° C for 30 min, the lower cell pellet is aspirated, and then the galactose is added to elute the lectin conjugate from the cell membrane at 4°. C, centrifuge at lOOg for 2 ⁇ 3min, discard the supernatant, add 4°C pre-cooled PBS containing 1% FBS, and the survival rate of placenta blue staining cells is greater than or equal to 97%.
  • one cell was incubated with FITC-SBA lectin for 30-60 min in the dark, then centrifuged at 100 g for 3-5 min at 4 ° C, the supernatant was discarded, and 4 ° C pre-cooled 1% FBS was added. The cells were resuspended in PBS, and the number of F-SBA+ cell populations was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the purified stem cells were 98% pure. Prior to analysis, propidium iodide (PI) was added to rule out dead cells in the assay.
  • PI propidium iodide
  • the unbound anti-OCT-4 antibody was washed away with PBS, and then incubated with TRITC-second antibody, FITC-SBA and DAPI at room temperature for 30 ⁇ 60 ⁇ 60 ⁇ ⁇ , the above unbound antibody was washed away, dried at room temperature, and then mounted. Fluorescence microscopy or laser confocal microscopy showed that more than one positive cell was detected.
  • Embryonic stem cells can be enriched and purified using the method of the present invention (Fig. 1).
  • Lung tissue from adult animals was prepared, and the tissues were washed with PBS buffer and washed 3 times for 3 to 5 minutes each time.
  • T-UEA TRITC-labeled UEA
  • GICO anti-c-Kit antibody
  • collagenase ase
  • trypsin fetal bovine serum
  • DMEM/F-12K medium fetal bovine serum
  • blood count Plate 0.2% NaCl
  • placenta blue dye solution a blue dye solution.
  • Wash buffer PBS (pH 7.4 ⁇ 0.1); blocking buffer: 3% BSA in wash buffer (PBS); antigen repair solution: citrate buffer; membrane buffer: TBS (0.1% Triton) +PBS) o
  • the lung tissue is transferred into a sterile culture dish, the tissue is cut into small pieces with a sterile ophthalmology scissors, transferred into a 50 ml centrifuge tube containing collagenase/trypsin digest, and digested at 37 ° C, 500 rpm.
  • the reaction was stopped by adding 4% pre-cooled DMEM/F12K medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and then the digested tissue pieces were blown into a single cell suspension with a disposable syringe, and then, at 4 °C, centrifuge at 200g for 3 ⁇ 5min, discard the supernatant, add 4°C pre-cooled PBS containing 2% FBS, mix gently, filter through a 180 mesh screen into another 50ml centrifuge tube, add 0.2% Lymphocytes were lysed by NaCl, the contact time was 3 ⁇ 5min, then 1.6% NaCl recovery solution was added to the isotonic conditions, centrifuged at 200g for 3 ⁇ 5min at 4°C, and the supernatant was discarded and then pre-cooled with 2% FBS at 4°C.
  • Stem cells can be enriched and purified from lung tissue using the method of the present invention (Fig. 2).
  • Example 3 Enrichment and purification of liver cancer stem cells in liver cancer tissues
  • Liver cancer tissues from adult animals were prepared, and the tissues were washed with PBS buffer and washed three times for 3 to 5 minutes each time.
  • liver cancer tissue is transferred into a sterile culture dish, the tissue is cut into small pieces with a sterile ophthalmology scissors, transferred into a 50 ml centrifuge tube containing collagenase digestion solution, and digested at 37 ° C, 800 rpm for 45 min to 60 min. Thereafter, the reaction was terminated by adding 4% pre-cooled DMEM/F12K medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and then the digested tissue pieces were blown into a single cell suspension using a disposable syringe.
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • centrifuge at 250g for 3 ⁇ 5min at 4°C discard the supernatant, add 4°C pre-cooled PBS containing 2% FBS, mix gently, and filter through a 200 mesh sieve into another 50ml centrifuge tube.
  • the lectin SBA and the lectin DBA wherein the concentration of the lectin is 0.85 mg/ml, and after standing at 37 ° C for 60 min, the lower cell pellet is aspirated, and the eluted sugar N-acetylgalactosamine is added, half Lactose elutes the lectin conjugate from the cell membrane, centrifuges at 250g for 2 ⁇ 3min at 4°C, discards the supernatant, and then pre-cools the PBS containing 1% FBS at 4°C to mix the cells. 97%.
  • TRITC-DBA lectin was incubated with TRITC-DBA lectin for 30-60 min in the dark, then centrifuged at 250 g for 3-5 min at 4 ° C, the supernatant was discarded, and 4 ° C pre-cooled 1% FBS was added. The cells were resuspended in PBS, and the number of TRITC-DBA + cell populations was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the purified stem cells were 98% pure. Prior to analysis, propidium iodide (PI) was added to rule out dead cells in the assay.
  • PI propidium iodide
  • results The stem cells were enriched and purified from liver cancer tissues using the method of the present invention (Fig. 3).
  • Example 4 Enrichment and purification of stem cells from bone marrow and cord blood
  • Bone marrow and cord blood were prepared separately.
  • Example 2 Materials: The same as Example 2, wherein DBA and UEA were purchased from Vector, and the combination of lectins was PE fluorescent dye.
  • the sorted cell population can further elute the lectin conjugate from the cell membrane with the eluting sugar N-acetylgalactosamine, thereby obtaining a cell population without any foreign label, and further adding physiological saline to adjust the concentration of the stem cells and volume.
  • the survival rate of placenta blue stained cells was 98. %, centrifuge to discard the supernatant and add PE-conjugated lectin UEA, wherein the concentration of lectin is 2.3 mg/ml, contacted for 45 min at 37 ° C, centrifuged at 220 g for 2 to 3 min at 4 ° C, discarded After the supernatant was added, pre-cooled PBS containing 1% FBS at 4 ° C to mix.
  • Results The stem cells were enriched and purified from bone marrow and cord blood using the method of the present invention (Fig. 4).
  • Example 5 Enriching and purifying cardiac stem cells by using a kit and application method thereof
  • the kit of the invention consists of:
  • Cell negative selection reagent A Chemotherapy drugs cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil;
  • Container a square reagent bottle for holding three solutions a), b), c), d);
  • the cells are divided into two parts, one part is added to the cell positive selection reagent B, wherein the concentration of lectin At 10 mg/ml, the temperature and time of contact with the cells were 32 ° C and 45 min, respectively. One part was added with an equal volume of excess isotype control, and then, after centrifugation at 200 g for 3 to 5 min at 4 ° C, the supernatant was discarded and added. The cell pellet was resuspended in PBS containing 2% FBS at 4 ° C, and the positive cell population was sorted by flow cytometry. The purity of the purified stem cells was 92. /. . Prior to analysis, add propidium iodide (PI) to exclude Dead cells in the analysis.
  • PI propidium iodide
  • the lectin conjugate can be eluted from the cell membrane by eluting glycocalyx-acetylgalactosamine, thereby obtaining a cell suspension without any external label, wherein the PBS buffer can be adjusted by adding PBS buffer.
  • the volume and concentration of the cell suspension can be adjusted by adding PBS buffer.
  • the method and kit of the present invention it is possible to accurately and efficiently enrich and purify stem cells by a simple, rapid and economical method, and the resulting cell-containing liquid does not require subsequent cumbersome cell suspension.
  • the liquid preparation process can directly carry out cryopreservation, and the stem cells obtained by the method and the kit of the present invention do not carry foreign markers, so that they can be used in industries related to basic research and medical applications, such as stem cell self-renewal mechanism and related technology research, Stem cells are used to treat, repair damaged or diseased tissue, stem cell transplantation technology, immunotherapy, and drug screening.

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Abstract

提供了一种用于富集、提纯干细胞的方法、试剂盒及其应用方法。该方法、试剂盒可直接用于啮齿动物、人类或其他哺乳动物来源的干细胞富集提纯,采用该方法、试剂盒可有效且精准地从所述细胞群中富集、提纯出干细胞;此外,根据该方法、试剂盒获得的干细胞还可以不带任何外来标记,该试剂盒具有使用简捷、可工业化生产、实用有效的优点。还提供了获得的干细胞及其在诸如研究、诊断、药物筛选或治疗中的用途。

Description

, 用于富集、 提纯干细胞的方法、 试剂盒及其应用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及富集、 提纯干细胞的方法、 试剂盒及其应用方法, 具体而言, 涉及从啮齿动物、 人类或其 他哺乳动物来源的细胞群中富集提纯干细胞的方法、 试剂盒, 所提纯的干细胞在诸如诊断、 药物筛选、 基 础研究、 组织工程、 修复受损及病变组织中的应用。 背景技术
众所周知, 干细胞具有下述特征: 1 ) 长期的自我更新能力; 2 ) 能够产生高度分化的其它种类细胞; 3 ) 本身处于未分化状态; 4 ) 一般处于慢周期或静息状态; 5 ) 组织中处于相应的小生境 (niches ) 内。
基于它们的潜能, 干细胞可被细分和分类为下面三个类型: 第一种是, 可生长为任意类型的全能性干 细胞, 他们由卵细胞和精细胞融合产生; 第二种是, 可以分化为除全能性干细胞以外所有类型的细胞, 它 们被称为多能性干细胞; 而第三种是仅可以产生一种细胞类型的细胞, 这些细胞被称为专能干细胞或祖细 胞, 它们仍具有自我更新的特性, 这个特性使得他们可与非干细胞区分开(Krause DS等, Cell, 2001.105: 369-377; Reya T等, Nature, 2001.414: 105-111 )。
根据它们的来源, 干细胞被分为胚胎干细胞 (Embryonic stem cells, ESCs ) 和成体干细胞 (Adult Stem Cells, ASCs), 胚胎干细胞是全能性的, 在理论上于体内可以再生身体内几乎任意组织, 然而, 其目前主 要的难题在于如何能够获得高纯度的胚胎干细胞群。 当其应用于细胞治疗时, 残留的未分化的胚胎干细胞 具有潜在的致瘤性, 因此未分化的胚胎干细胞必须在治疗前移除。 另外, 不纯的胚胎干细胞将会导致药物 筛选在有效性、 毒理学、 分化潜能或其它方面的评价方面有偏差, 因此需要开发一种可靠的方法用于识别 和纯化胚胎干细胞。 随着研究的进展, 研究者发现了可用于识别干细胞的抗体 (Andrews PW 等, Hybridoma.1984; 3:347-361; Kannagi R等, EMBO J 1983; 2:2355-2361; Kannagi R等, J Biol Chem. 1983; 258:8934-8942; Kolle G等, Stem Cells. 2009; 27:2446-2456), 但目前获得典型的胚胎干细胞特异性表面分子 标志仍是极具挑战性的任务。 这阻碍了胚胎干细胞的广泛应用。
成体干细胞是另外一类具有修复、 再生、 替代能力的未分化细胞类型, 通常位于特定的小生境内, 在 受到外界损伤后, 其会动员或者产生新的干细胞, 通过增殖、 分化的方式形成新的功能细胞, 从而调节组 织和器官细胞数量保持动态平衡。 成体干细胞的多能性特点首先在骨髓中得到的成体干细胞得以发现。 造 血干细胞是目前研究的最为详尽的成体干细胞之一, 在过去近 40年里一直是干细胞领域研究的主题, 它 们在体内进行自我更新的细胞分裂, 在单细胞水平分化为所有的造血成份, 并在机能上使得重度骨髓抑制 的动物和人的骨髓得以恢复。
成体干细胞研究的基础和其在临床上的应用先决条件和最关键条件之一是对干 /祖细胞的有效识别、筛 选分离。最近越来越多的证据表明成体干细胞可见于多种成熟组织(Moore KA, Science, 2006.311 ( 5769): 1880-1885 )。
例如 Thy-l1™或 FLK2— Lineage— Sea- l+c-Kit+分选造血干细胞群 ( Christemsen JL 等, PNAS, 2001.98: 14541-14546; Uchida N等, Experimental hematology, 1996.24: 649-659 ), 用 CD14+免疫磁性分 离的方法从外周血筛选新的干细胞群(PCT/055950 干细胞的提纯、识别及用途)用 a6 bri10G7dim (Li A等, PNAS, 1998. 95 ( 7): 3902-3907; Tani H等, PNAS, 2000.97 (20): 10960-10965; Lavker RM等, PNAS, 2000.97 (25): 13473-13475 ) 识别人类、 啮齿动物来源的上皮干细胞, 但其有效性还有待进一步证实; 通过小鼠遗传学标志谱系试验等实验, 结合所发现的分子标志物, 例如 MUSaShi-l、 Lgr5等提供了鉴 定干细胞的可能(Barker N等, Nature, 2007.449 (7165 ): 1003-1007; HaegebarthA等, Am J Pathol, 2009.174 ( 3 ): 715-721 ), 然而它们的有效性还有待进一步证实。
公开号为 CN108677A提供一种干细胞靶向定位富集的方法, 其技术方案是采用针对干细胞表面标志 性抗原的特异性抗体与干细胞结合, 再标记上免疫磁珠, 移植后通过两个异性磁极将干细胞富集于靶组织 内。
分化程度较低的干 /祖细胞通常表达一些 ATP结合转运蛋白 (ATP-binding cassette, ABC), 细胞常利 用 ATP能量把外来的有毒物质从细胞内排出,以达到保护自身的目的,被称为侧群筛选法(side population, SP)。 早期 Goodell等 (Goodell等, J Exp Med, 1996.183 (4): 1796-1806 )研究发现, 当用 Hoechst33342 对骨髓细胞进行染色后,造血干细胞具有很强的排出染液的能力。最近, Wulff等(Wulff等, Haematologica, 2003.88 (4): 368-378 )从小鼠肝内分离到一群 SP细胞, CD45+或 CD45—细胞亚群,其所占的百分比为 1%, 体外培养均可产生肝系和造血系起源的克隆, 类似的研究结果在人类的成体肝组织内也分离到类似的 SP 细胞。此方法已被用于从其他器官和组织中筛选潜在的干 /祖细胞群, 不足之处是, 当从实体组织中筛选出 SP细胞后, 由于获得活细胞的能力有限, 当此类细胞进行移植后可能影响他们的重塑能力。
根据核形态进行干细胞的鉴别,例如, PCT/021504专利公开了一种根据细胞核形态鉴定干细胞的方法, 通过观察经处理后的组织样品中分布的细胞核形态, 核形态型的类型选自: 钟形、 雪茄形、 凝聚球形、 球 形、 卵形、 香肠形、 肾形和子弹形, 从而允许显微组织学 /病理学技术人员根据核形态, 将细胞区分为干细 胞 /非干细胞。
其他如公开号 CN101768570的专利公开了一种富集和提取成体干细胞的方法,它采用一种多孔的三维 组织工程材料埋植到人或动物体内, 使得成体干细胞在材料中富集, 从而分离得到干细胞。
虽然上述所公开描述的方法取得了一定的进展, 但从成体中分离干细胞仍是极具挑战性的任务, 一方 面在于其数量较少且更难于定位、 筛选分离各种组织特异性干细胞, 另外一个不足方面在于缺少可靠的特 异性分子标记物对其进行识别。 这些分离的细胞群并不是同质类型的, 而是由许多不同分化状态或增殖能 力的混合细胞群组成, 非常不纯。
化疗药物:
化疗药物作用的机理是它们在细胞分裂途径中干扰或抑制关键步骤,主要的靶标是 DNA的复制、 DNA 的修复, 染色体分离或胞质分裂。 例如氟尿嘧啶, 该药物是常用的细胞毒性药物, 可干扰 DNA的合成和复 制, 其作用机理是在体内先转变为氟尿嘧啶核苷及氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷, 它们进一步转变为相应的一 、 二、 三磷酸核苷和脱氧核苷 (FUdRP)。 FUdRP可抑制胸腺嘧啶核苷酸合成酶 (Thmidylate synthetase, TS ) 活 力, 从而阻断尿嘧啶脱氧核苷酸(dUMP) 甲基化, 形成胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸(dTMP), 产生"无胸腺嘧啶 死亡 (thamihe-less death) ", 使细胞增殖停止于 S期 (DNA合成期) 而死亡。 另外一种主要的细胞毒性药 物是直接诱导 DNA链断裂的药物或者抑制 DNA断裂修复的药物, 例如环磷酰胺, 它是一种直接裂解 DNA 链的药物(Sparano JA等, Journal of Infosional Chemistry, 1994.4:28-32)。第三种主要的药物是破坏微管蛋白 装配和解离, 如紫杉烷类化合物紫杉醇, 它作用于微管蛋白, 将微管蛋白聚合成稳定的微管束, 使其不能 解离, 干扰细胞的生长; 在比如作用于纺锤体的药物长春花碱, 相反, 它是通过抑制微管蛋白, 使其无法 组装成微管, 达到干扰细胞的目的 ( Dieras V等, Journal of Infusional Chemistry, 1995.5: 191-2)。
肿瘤 /癌症
肿瘤是机体细胞失去对其生长的正常调控而形成的新生物, 是细胞自身调控和其所处的微环境相互作 用的结果, 其治疗仍是一个世界难题。 目前肿瘤研究领域的一个研究热点是癌干细胞 (Cancer Stem Cells, CSCs)。早期由多伦多大学的分子生物学家 John Dick研究者提出 "癌干细胞"理论(John Dick等, Nature, 1994. 17: 645-648), 这一新理论表明, 癌症的发生及难于根治的在于其内癌干细胞 (CSCs ) 的存在, 随 后的多个癌症研究中的研究结果支持此理论(Reya T等, Nature, 2001.414: 105-111 ), 源自其他组织的进 一步研究证实了癌干细胞是存在的, 它们在例如血液、 乳腺、 脑组织、 肺组织和肠组织中存在(Ai-Hajj M 等, PNAS, 2003.100:3938-3988 ); He等, Nat Genet, 2007.39: 189-198; Kim CF等, Cell, 2005.121 :823-835; Lapidot T 等, Nature , 1994.367:645-648; Ricci-Vitiani L 等, Nature , 2006; Singh SK 等, Nature , 2004.432:396-401; Yilmaz OH等, Nature, 2006.441 :475-482; Zhang J等, Nature, 2006.441 :518-522; )。 "癌干细胞" 的提出给肿瘤的治疗带来曙光, 因而, 如果能够识别癌干细胞将具有及其重要的临床意义, 例如通过靶向癌干细胞从而治愈肿瘤等, 将产生重大的应用价值和经济效益。 然而, 遗憾的是, 现在尚没 有很有效的方法从肿瘤组织中识别、 分离出癌干细胞, 这也意味着在治疗中, 不可能准确而彻底地清除掉 癌干细胞。 这大大阻碍了针对肿瘤的有效治疗。 研究发现, 肿瘤细胞表面和其所处的微环境中大量糖链修 饰改变以及凝集素受体功能异常在肿瘤发生发展和转移过程中发挥极其重要的作用。 其中, 糖链合成的调 控以及糖链与凝集素的相互作用参与了肿瘤生物学行为的各个方面。 凝集素已广泛应用于肿瘤细胞表面糖 连接物的研究, 其在肿瘤的生物学行为研究、 诊断、 治疗及其预后方面起着十分重要的作用。
凝集素:
"凝集素"这一术语最早在 1888年出现, 人们发现其具有凝集红细胞的特性。 简单来说, 凝集素也是 一种蛋白质, 广泛从植物、 动物、 真菌、 细菌等中分离, 具有结合糖脂或糖肽末端特异性碳水化合物的特 性 (Sharon N等, Science, 1972.177 ( 53 ) :949-59; Pusztai A, 植物凝集素, 1991. 剑桥: 剑桥大学出版社), 且其唯一的特异性在于, 它们是一组结构上有区别的蛋白质, 且可特异性结合细胞膜上的碳水化合物, 并 进一步通过细胞膜表面寡糖基之间的交联实现对细胞的凝集 (Pusztai A, 植物凝集素, 1991. 剑桥: 剑桥大 学出版社; Sharon N, Trends Biochemistry Sci, 1993. 18(6):221-226)。
众所周知, 糖基化是在酶的作用下, 实现对蛋白质或脂质附加上糖类的过程。 此过程为共转移 ( co-translational ) 与后转移修饰的步骤之一, 发生于内质网, 细胞表面蛋白发生糖基化的几率几乎超过 50%。 早在二十世纪的八十年代, 有研究者发现, 凝集素具有结合或杀死胚胎性的细胞癌和生殖系肿瘤细 胞的能力,后来又发现,多潜能干细胞表面上的抗原常常显示为糖蛋白或糖脂(Andrews PW等, Hybridoma, 1984.3(4):347-61; Pera MF等, Differentiation , 1988. 39(2): 139-49 ), 这提示蛋白质特异性糖基化可能是细胞 具有多潜能性的标志。
上述研究结果表明凝集素可能具有与多能性的细胞相互作用的特征 (Draber P等, Somat Cell Mol Genet, 1984.10:435-443; Kosmehl H等, Neoplasma 1989.36:29-39)。 而且, 膜结合蛋白和对应配体的低聚糖 化修饰常常介导细胞外分子或信号启动的胞内信号传导 (Haltiwanger RS. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2002.12(5):593-8; Xia L等, Blood, 2004.104(10):3091-6)。 人们发现, 在许多细胞相关的事件, 例如细胞分 化(Moody AM等, Cell, 2001. 107(4):501-12),细胞粘附(Fogel AI 等, J Biol Chem, 2010. 285(45):34864-74 ) 以及肿瘤 (Reis CA等, J Clin Pathol, 2010. 63(4):322-9 ) 发生中, 均可观察到蛋白糖基化的动态变化。 在胚胎水平, 例如, 小鼠胚胎多个组织器官的上皮细胞膜上, 研究者发现其上有结合特异性凝集素的 位点 (Carter WG等, J. Biol. Chem, 1975. 250(7):2756-62; Noguchi M等, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol, 1982. 72:39-52), 进一步观察发现, 不同类型的凝集素在识别胚胎不同组织上皮方面具有差异性, 有趣的是, 当 用低剂量放射性射线照射小鼠胚胎后 (0.25、 0.50和 0.75Gy), 细胞膜上结合 SBA、 PNA和 DBA三种凝集素 的表达量增加(Mevergelt-Egido MC等, Radiat Environ Biophys, 1993. 32(2): 119-28 ), 而且在胚胎不同区域, 三种凝集素的结合强度不同。 随后在胚胎期发育的胰腺上皮和管状细胞膜上, 其他研究者进一步发现, 上 述细胞膜上有可特异性结合凝集素的位点, 这表明识别细胞膜上特异性糖表位的凝集素可能作为一个指示 细胞具有多能性的标志, 可用于表征胰腺前体细胞(Kobayashi等, BBRC, 2002. 293(2):691-7)。 近期研究发 现, 路易斯寡糖 (Lewis X antigen) 在小鼠的胚胎干细胞、 多潜能细胞和胚胎癌性细胞的细胞膜上均有表 达, 而不在人类相应的胚胎干细胞、 内细胞团或胚胎癌性细胞上表达 (Muramatstu TA等, Glycoconjugate Journal, 2004.21 :41-45 ), 未来还需要进一步研究这一不一致性。
采用细胞生物学和生物化学方法, 来自多个研究者的实验研究发现, 人类胚胎干细胞与其蛋白的糖基 化密切相关(Xia L等, Blood, 2004. 104:3091-6; Satomaa T等, BMC Cell Biol, 2009. 10:42; Venable A等, BMC Dev Biol 2005; 5: 15 )。 细胞膜上的特异性糖原表位可作为一个新的、 特异性标志, 用于反映小鼠胚胎的早 期分化状态, 其表达早于目前所发现的胚胎特异性抗原, 如 SSEAl , CD9和 FA, 而且, 随着胚胎分化进程 的发展,其膜上特异性糖原表位的表达逐渐降低并消失 (Nash Rodney等, 2006, stem cell.25(4):974-82)。 Wang 等采用培养的胚胎干细胞或诱导多能干细胞为研究对象, 当用凝集素芯片分析细胞抽提物后发现, 特异性 的凝集素可用来识别和分离胚胎干细胞(Wang YC等, Cell Research, 2011.1-13 )。 但是该项技术研究所使用 的是培养的胚胎干细胞系, 其在培养期间, 由于所使用的培养基中的动物成份被胚胎干细胞通过直接纳入 和胞饮作用而吸收, 吸收后导致其代谢产物出现在胚胎干细胞表面, 产生了一个糖原表位(glycan epitope ) (Lanctot PM, Curr Opin Chem Biol, 2007.11(4):373-80 ), 最终引起 "糖污染"。 因此 Wang YC等人的研究需 要谨慎分析与应用。
在成体水平, 例如, 识别 D-半乳糖的刀豆凝集素 (PNA) 可用来对啮齿动物的造血干细胞进行进一步 分群 (Salner AL等, 1982, J Natl Cancer Inst. 68(4):639-41 ), 甚至可用来从神经组织中识别和分离出 PNA阳 性的细胞群 (Rietze RL等, Nature, 2001. 412(6848):736-9), 分选的细胞是否是干细胞需要进一步分析。 最 近的研究发现, CD133+的人造血干细胞和祖细胞的 N-糖基化模式与 N-glycan结构和基因表达密切相关 (Hemmoranta H等, Exp Hematol, 2007.35(8): 1279-92)。 上述研究结果提示, 细胞的多潜能与糖基化密切相 关。 发明内容
本领域需要克服现有技术中所存在的缺点, 为了克服上述方法上的不足及提供进一步相关的优点, 本 发明的目的在于公开一种富集提纯干细胞的方法、 试剂盒及其应用方法。 本发明所提供的方法、 试剂盒可 广泛用于从啮齿动物、人类或其他哺乳动物的正常离体或活检组织、正常 /肿瘤 /癌细胞系、肿瘤 /癌前组织、 癌 /肿瘤性组织、 转移瘤 /癌组织中, 以及来源于上述组织的原代、 传代细胞群中富集提纯干细胞。 另外, 本发明提供的试剂盒具有使用简捷、 可用于精准且有效的富集提纯干细胞, 可大规模工业化生产、 实用性 强的优点, 应用前景广泛。 本发明的一个方面在于公开一种用于富集、 提纯干细胞的方法, 采用联合化疗药物与凝集素用于从细 胞群体中富集、 提纯干细胞, 所述方法包括:
( 1 ) 使所述细胞群与至少一种化疗药物进行接触, 其可诱导处于细胞周期的细胞凋亡;
(2 ) 再使所述细胞群与凝集素结合物进行接触, 后者含有: 至少一种凝集素, 其可与所述细胞上 的受体结合, 随后将凝集素结合的细胞群与剩余细胞样品分离;
通过上述负向和正向选择, 从而实现从所述细胞群体中富集、 提纯出干细胞, 获得富含干细胞的细胞 样品的目的, 构成了本发明的核心。
本发明还进一步包括在所述细胞群与化疗药物接触之前进行细胞预处理所述细胞群体。
细胞预处理过程选择采用沉淀或裂解法沉淀或裂解细胞群中的红细胞的试剂, 所述试剂可选择为质量 浓度为 0.1~20%的羟乙基淀粉、 明胶、 右旋糖酐、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、 甲基纤维素、 羧甲基淀粉的任一一种; 或可选择为氯化铵红细胞裂解液、 质量浓度小于 0.9%的生理盐水溶液的任一一种; 或选择泛影酸钠 -葡聚 糖、 HITOPAQUE、 Ficoll的任一一种, 其中, 所述试剂至少重复接触所述细胞群一次。
本发明所述的化疗药物包括但不限于抗生素化疗药物、 抗代谢化疗药物、 烷化剂化疗药物、 激素及内 分泌化疗药物、 植物化疗药物、 亚硝脲类化疗药物、 抗体阻断剂化疗药物、 门冬酰胺酶、 甲基苄肼、 草酸 铂、 铂类、 丙亚胺、 羟基脲和氨烯咪胺及其衍生物的一种或两种以上的组合, 所述化疗药物接触所述细胞 群的时间小于或等于 168小时。
其中, 本发明所述凝集素结合物中的凝集素包括天然的或化学合成的植物凝集素、 动物凝集素或其衍 生物的一种或两种以上的组合, 其中, 所述凝集素的浓度为 0.001~50mg/ml, 与所述细胞群接触的时间为 小于或等于 150分钟, 孵育温度为小于或等于 38°C。
进一步, 所述凝集素结合物中的结合物可选择预先与荧光染料、 磁性微球或高分子量的生物大分子的 任一一种进行结合, 或选择具有对凝集素有亲和力抗体或抗体衍生物或抗体片段的一种。
其中,所述与凝集素结合的高分子量的生物大分子的分子量在一万道尔顿(Mw)至五十万道尔顿 (Mw) 之间, 其中所述高分子量的生物大分子可选择为牛血清白蛋白、 羟乙基淀粉、 明胶、 甲基纤维素、 羧甲基 淀粉、 右旋糖酐、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的任一一种。
其中, 所述含干细胞的细胞群来源于啮齿动物、 人类或其他哺乳动物的胚胎组织、 成体组织、 肿瘤 / 癌前组织、 肿瘤 /癌性组织、 转移瘤 /癌组织或其他潜在包含干细胞的一种或两种以上组织的组合, 也可来 源于所述组织的原代、 传代细胞群的一种或两种以上的组合。
进一步, 所述富集提纯的干细胞包括全能干细胞、 多能干细胞、专能干细胞、 肿瘤干细胞、 癌干细胞, 进一步其与已知干细胞标志接触。
本发明的另一个方面在于提供一种联合化疗药物与凝集素用于富集、 提纯干细胞的试剂盒及其应用方 法, 其在用于从所述细胞群中富集、 提纯干细胞的用途。
本发明所述的用于富集、 提纯干细胞的试剂盒, 所述试剂盒包括:
( 1 ) 细胞负向选择试剂 A;
(2 ) 细胞正向选择试剂 B; (3 ) 以及任选的容器。
其中, 细胞负向选择试剂 A为化疗药物, 包含但不限于抗生素化疗药物、 抗代谢化疗药物、 烷化剂化 疗药物、激素及内分泌化疗药物、植物化疗药物、 亚硝脲类化疗药物、 抗体阻断剂化疗药物、 门冬酰胺酶、 甲基苄肼、 草酸铂、 铂类、 丙亚胺、 羟基脲和氨烯咪胺及其衍生物的一种或两种以上的组合, 所述化疗药 物接触所述细胞群的时间小于或等于 168小时;
其中, 细胞正向选择试剂 B为凝集素和或凝集素结合物, 包括但不限于天然的或人工合成的植物凝集 素、 动物凝集素或其衍生物的一种或两种以上的组合, 其中所述凝集素结合物中的结合物可选择预先与荧 光染料、 磁性微球或高分子量的生物大分子的任一一种进行结合, 或选择具有对凝集素有亲和力抗体或抗 体衍生物或抗体片段的一种, 所述凝集素的浓度为 0.001~50mg/ml, 与所述细胞群接触的时间为小于或等 于 150分钟, 孵育温度为小于或等于 38°C。
进一步, 本发明的所述的试剂盒, 其还包括细胞预处理试剂 C, 用于沉淀或裂解所述细胞群中的红细 胞。 进一步, 所述细胞预处理试剂还可选择为泛影酸钠-葡聚糖或 HITOPAQUE或 Ficoll的任一一种。
其中,所述含干细胞的细胞群是啮齿动物、人类或其他哺乳动物来源的正常成体、胚胎组织和或病变、 肿瘤、 癌前、 癌性、 癌转移组织, 或来自所述组织的原代、 传代细胞群的一种或两种以上的组合。
根据本发明试剂盒所述, 随后可选择采用荧光活化细胞分选法用于鉴定和分选结合凝集素结合化合物 的细胞群或选择沉淀法分离结合凝集素的所述细胞群, 进一步, 分离的所述干细胞, 其包含细胞膜上的可 与凝集素结合的受体。
进一步, 本发明试剂盒还可包括洗脱糖试剂, 根据本发明试剂盒获得的提纯的干细胞, 其随后可通过 加入洗脱糖的方法把所述凝集素结合物从所述细胞上洗脱, 从而使得获得的干细胞不带任何外来标记物。
进一步, 本发明所述富集提纯的干细胞和或其子代源自介于正常组织与癌 /肿瘤性组织之间的啮齿动 物、 人类及其他哺乳动物来源的肿瘤 /癌前任意病变组织, 或来自所述组织的原代、 传代细胞群。
其中, 所述试剂盒富集提纯的干细胞包括全能干细胞、 多能干细胞、 专能干细胞、 成体干细胞、 肿瘤 干细胞、 癌干细胞, 进一步, 其与已知干细胞标志物接触。
根据本发明试剂盒获得的干细胞还可加入生理盐水、 PBS缓冲液、 HBSS缓冲液以调整干细胞的浓度 和体积。
本发明提供一种进行所述的试剂盒应用方法, 其应用方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 所述细胞样本与细胞预处理试剂 C接触: 如加入红细胞沉淀剂, 选择取上清; 如加入红细胞 裂解液, 选择离心后丢弃上清取细胞沉淀;
(2) 使经过步骤 (1 ) 的所述细胞群与所述细胞负向选择试剂 A接触, 接触时间小于或等于 168 小时;
(3 ) 将步骤 (2) 所得的液体离心, 丢弃上清取下层细胞沉淀, 之后, 用常规缓冲液洗涤细胞;
(4) 重复步骤 (3 ) 两到三次;
(5 ) 使经过步骤 (4 ) 的所述细胞群与所述细胞正向选择试剂 B 接触, 所述凝集素的浓度为 0.001~30mg/ml, 与所述细胞群接触的时间为小于或等于 150分钟, 孵育温度为小于或等于 38°C; ( 6 ) 分离获得凝集素阳性的细胞群: 可选择采用荧光活化细胞分选法或静置沉淀法;
( 7 ) 加入洗脱糖把所述凝集素结合物从所述细胞上洗脱, 从而使得获得的干细胞不带任何外来标 记物。
根据本发明所述的方法、 试剂盒富集提纯的干细胞有益于基础、 临床与应用研究、 组织工程、 治疗、 药物筛选、 修复和再生受损或患病组织等领域的应用。 附图说明
图 1 胚胎干细胞的富集提纯及显微镜观察结果图, 具体如实施例 1。
A图是实验结果, 其中峰 1部分为预先加入同型对照与细胞群孵育, 再加入结合牛血清白蛋白的凝集 素 SBA富集提纯细胞后, 经 FITC-SBA凝集素鉴定分析所述细胞的结果; B图是荧光免疫组化染色结果, 富集提纯的小鼠胚胎干细胞(mESCs )细胞膜表面出现 FITC-SBA绿色荧光,核内出现 OCT-4红色荧光(星 号), 其中细胞核用 DAPI染色。 图片的放大倍数为 100倍。
图 2肺干细胞的富集提纯及显微镜观察结果图, 具体如实施例 2。
A和 B图是流式结果, 其中, A图是同型对照流式图, 对照组细胞数量为 0.16 % (n=2 ) ; B图是凝集 素阳性流式图, 表示采用 TRITC标记的凝集素 UEA (T-UEA) 作为分子标记从肺脏细胞群中富集纯化干 细胞的结果, PI染色排除死细胞, 凝集素阳性细胞数量为 6.1% (n=2 ) ; C图表示新分离的 T-UEA凝集素 阳性的细胞群, 采用激光共聚焦显微镜进行观察, 箭头指 T-UEA+ (红色) /c-Kit+ (绿色) 肺脏干细胞。 细胞核用 DAPI染色, 图片的放大倍数为 100倍。 图 3 肝癌干细胞的提纯及显微镜观察结果图, 具体如实施例 3。
A图是实验结果, 表示同型对照组, 对照组细胞数量为 0.15% (n=2 ) ; B图表示采用 TRITC标记的凝 集素 DBA (T-DBA)作为分子标记鉴定分析从肝癌组织中提纯干细胞的结果,凝集素阳性细胞数量为 5.8% (n=2 ) ; C图表示新分离的凝集素阳性的肝癌干细胞群, 采用激光共聚焦显微镜进行观察, 其中细胞核用 DAPI染色, 星号指 CD90+ (绿色) 细胞, 图片的放大倍数为 100倍。
图 4从骨髓、 脐带血中富集提纯干细胞结果图, 具体如实施例 4。
A图表示采用 PE标记的凝集素 DBA (PE-DBA) 从骨髓细胞群中富集提纯干细胞的结果, 阳性细胞 数量为 3.9% (n=2), B图表示细胞纯度为 93.8%; C图表示采用 PE标记的凝集素 UEA (PE-UEA) 从脐 带血细胞群中富集提纯干细胞的结果, 阳性细胞数量为 4.3% (n=2), D图表示细胞纯度为 95.6%。
图 5 采用试剂盒富集提纯心脏干细胞及显微镜观察结果图, 具体如实施例 5。
A图表示同型对照组,对照组细胞数量为 0.12%(n=2 ); B图表示采用 FITC标记的槐凝集素 SJA(F-SJA) 作为分子标记从心脏细胞群中纯化干细胞的结果, 凝集素阳性细胞数量为 5.6% (n=2 ) ; C图表示新分离的 F-SJA凝集素阳性的细胞群, 采用激光共聚焦显微镜进行观察, 其中细胞核用 DAPI染色, 短箭头指 F-SJA 阳性心脏干细胞, 长箭头指 F-SJA +/Nkx2.5+心脏干细胞, 图片的放大倍数为 100倍。 具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施例进行说明, 但本领域的技术人员应当理解, 本发明的实施例目的是为了清 楚的说明本发明的优点, 不是用于限制本发明, 任何基于本发明的修改、 替换均落在本发明的精神范畴和 保护范围之内。
如本发明所述, 除非上下文另有明确指示, 否则没有限定对象的含义。
如本领域技术人员所理解的, 本发明文中"一种"指"至少一种"。 术语"包含"、 "包括"、 "含有"是同义 词, 是具有包容性的或者开放性的, 并且不排除额外的未详述的成员、 要素或方法步骤。 如本发明所述, 术语"细胞群 "是指一个或一个以上的细胞的组合, 通常是指一组细胞, 除非另有说明, 否则该术语是指由 本发明所述提纯的细胞组成或包含此处提纯细胞的细胞群体。
细胞群包括从啮齿动物、 人类或其他哺乳动物正常组织、 肿瘤 /癌前组织、 肿瘤 /癌组织、 转移瘤 /癌组 织、 建立的细胞系、 原代细胞群、 传代细胞群中获得, 其可由具有共同表型的细胞组成或包含至少部分具 有共同表型的细胞组成,当细胞在一个或多个显著特征上基本相似或一致时,可以认为细胞具有共同表型, 其特征包括但不限于形态外观, 某细胞成分或产物 (R A、 蛋白质或其它物质) 的表达的有无或水平、 某 生化途径的活力、 增殖能力和或动力学行为、 分化潜能和或对分化信号的响应或体外培养行为。 因此这种 显著特征可以定为一个细胞群或其部分。
如本发明文中所使用的, 术语"含干细胞的细胞群"在本发明中指含有至少一种干细胞或祖细胞, 或者 包含部分祖细胞或干细胞的细胞群。 通常, 所述部分的干细胞或祖细胞可以具有共同表型, 也可具有不同 表型。
如本发明所述, 术语"干细胞 "是指能够长期自我更新 (即不分化而能够增殖) 的全能干细胞、 多能干 细胞、 专能干细胞或祖细胞、 肿瘤干细胞、 癌干细胞, 处于静息或增殖, 其中干细胞的后代或至少其一部 分基本保持了亲代干细胞未特化的或者相对较少特化的表型、 分化潜能、 以及增殖能力。 该术语包括能够 基本上无限自我更新的干细胞, 即: 和亲代相比, 后代或其部分进一步增殖的能力没有显著降低, 以及表 现出有限的自我更新的干细胞, 即: 和母细胞相比, 后代或其部分进一步增殖的能力显著降低。 基于其产 生细胞的类型, 所述干细胞或祖细胞可以是多能的、 全能的、 专能的、 或单能的一种或以上的组合。
如本文所用的, 本发明文中术语"啮齿动物"指大鼠、 小鼠等; "哺乳动物"指人类、 牛、 马、 狗、 兔、 猴等。 如本文所用的, 术语 "胚胎"指出生前任何时间, 术语"成体"指出生后任何时间, 优选任何时期。 术语"离体"包括离开动物或人类的组织或细胞且在体外保存或增殖, 例如保存在培养容器中。 术语"活检" 包括采用本领域普遍了解的方法从动物或人类组织或器官中获得组织。
本发明源于本发明人的深入研究, 本发明的目的在于公开一种用于富集、 提纯干细胞的方法, 联合化 疗药物与凝集素用于从细胞群体中富集、 提纯干细胞, 所述方法包括:
( 1 ) 使所述细胞群与至少一种化疗药物进行接触, 其可诱导处于细胞周期的细胞凋亡;
(2 ) 再使所述细胞群与凝集素结合物进行接触, 后者含有: 至少一种凝集素, 其可与所述细胞上 的受体结合, 随后将凝集素结合的细胞群与剩余细胞样品分离;
通过上述负向和正向选择, 从而实现从所述细胞群体中富集、 提纯出干细胞, 获得富含干细胞的细胞 样品。
其中, 进一步包括在所述细胞群与化疗药物接触之前进行细胞预处理所述细胞群体。
其中, 细胞预处理过程选择采用沉淀或裂解法沉淀或裂解细胞群中的红细胞的试剂, 所述试剂可选择 为质量浓度为 0.1~20%的羟乙基淀粉、 明胶、 右旋糖酐、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、 甲基纤维素、 羧甲基淀粉的任 一一种; 或可选择为氯化铵红细胞裂解液、质量浓度小于 0.9%的生理盐水溶液的任一一种; 或选择泛影酸 钠-葡聚糖、 HITOPAQUE、 Ficoll的任一一种; 其中, 所述试剂至少重复接触所述细胞群一次。
其中, 所述化疗药物包括但不限于抗生素化疗药物、 抗代谢化疗药物、 烷化剂化疗药物、 激素及内分 泌化疗药物、 植物化疗药物、 亚硝脲类化疗药物、 抗体阻断剂化疗药物、 门冬酰胺酶、 甲基苄肼、 草酸铂、 铂类、 丙亚胺、 羟基脲和氨烯咪胺及其衍生物的一种或两种以上的组合。 进一步, 所述化疗药物接触所述 细胞群的时间小于或等于 168小时。
其中, 所述凝集素结合物中的凝集素包括天然的或化学合成的植物凝集素、 动物凝集素或其衍生物的 一种或两种以上的组合。所述凝集素的浓度为 0.001~50mg/ml,与所述细胞群接触的时间为小于或等于 150 分钟, 孵育温度为小于或等于 38°C。 进一步, 优选植物凝集素的一种或两种以上的组合。
其中, 所述凝集素结合物中的结合物可选择预先与荧光染料、 磁性微球或高分子量的生物大分子的任 一一种进行结合, 或选择具有对凝集素有亲和力抗体或抗体衍生物或抗体片段的一种。
其中,所述与凝集素结合的高分子量的生物大分子的分子量在一万道尔顿(Mw)至五十万道尔顿 (Mw) 之间, 进一步, 所述高分子量的生物大分子可选择为牛血清白蛋白、 羟乙基淀粉、 明胶、 甲基纤维素、 羧 甲基淀粉、 右旋糖酐、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的任一一种。
其中, 所述富集提纯的干细胞包括全能干细胞、 多能干细胞、 专能干细胞、 肿瘤干细胞、 癌干细胞, 进一步与已知干细胞标志接触, 例如 0CT-4、 Sca-K CD90、 c-Kit等。
其中, 所述含干细胞的细胞群来源于啮齿动物、 人类或其他哺乳动物的胚胎组织、 成体组织、 肿瘤 / 癌前组织、 肿瘤 /癌性组织、 转移瘤 /癌组织或其他潜在包含干细胞的一种或两种以上组织的组合。 进一步, 所述细胞群也可来源于上述组织的原代细胞群、 传代细胞群的一种或两种以上的组合。
本发明的另一个方面在于公开一种联合化疗药物与凝集素用于富集、 提纯干细胞的试剂盒及其应用方 法, 其在用于从所述细胞群中富集、 提纯干细胞的用途。
本发明所述的富集、 提纯干细胞的试剂盒, 所述试剂盒包括:
( 1 ) 细胞负向选择试剂 A;
(2 ) 细胞正向选择试剂 B;
(3 ) 以及任选的容器。
其中, 细胞负向选择试剂 A为化疗药物, 包含但不限于抗生素化疗药物、 抗代谢化疗药物、 烷化剂化 疗药物、激素及内分泌化疗药物、植物化疗药物、 亚硝脲类化疗药物、 抗体阻断剂化疗药物、 门冬酰胺酶、 甲基苄肼、 草酸铂、 铂类、 丙亚胺、 羟基脲和氨烯咪胺及其衍生物的一种或两种以上的组合, 所述化疗药 物接触所述细胞群的时间至多为 168小时, 至多为 120小时, 至多为 96小时, 至多为 80小时, 至多为 48 小时, 至多为 24小时, 至多为 12小时, 至多为 60min, 至多为 30min, 至多为 10min, 至多为 5min, 至 多为 lmin, 至多为 30second; 应当理解, 本发明所述的化疗药物类型及其与所述细胞的接触时间不是用于 限制本发明, 而是为了更清晰的阐述本发明, 本发明所述化疗药物包括多种已知的细胞毒性试剂, 可将一 种或多种化疗药物及其衍生物联用。 其中, 细胞正向选择试剂 B为凝集素和或凝集素结合物, 包括但不限于天然的或人工合成的植物凝集 素、 动物凝集素或其衍生物的一种或两种以上的组合, 其中所述凝集素结合物中的结合物可选择预先与荧 光染料、 磁性微球或高分子量的生物大分子的任一一种进行结合, 或选择具有对凝集素有亲和力抗体或抗 体衍生物或抗体片段的一种, 所述凝集素的浓度为 0.001~50mg/ml, 与所述细胞群接触的时间为小于或等 于 150分钟, 孵育温度为小于或等于 38°C, 优选小于或等于 37°C, 优选小于或等于 18°C, 优选小于或等 于 4°C。
其中, 所述试剂盒还包括细胞预处理试剂 C, 用于沉淀或裂解所述细胞群中的红细胞。
进一步, 所述细胞预处理试剂还可选择为泛影酸钠-葡聚糖、 HITOPAQUE、 Ficoll的任一一种。
其中,所述含干细胞的细胞群是啮齿动物、人类或其他哺乳动物来源的正常成体、胚胎组织和或病变、 肿瘤、 癌前、 癌性、 癌转移组织, 或来自上述组织的原代、 传代细胞群的一种或两种以上的组合。
其中, 凝集素阳性细胞群的提纯(纯化)可采用流式细胞仪(与荧光素结合的凝集素)、 磁珠筛选(包 被了凝集素的磁珠)、 吸附柱或其它已知的手段进行鉴定、 分析及提纯, 例如, 免疫亲和提纯, 结合化合 物与固体支持物结合, 再比如, 淘选, 结合化合物与组织培养皿结合。
其中,凝集素阳性细胞群的提纯也可选择沉淀法(与生物大分子结合)分离结合凝集素的所述细胞群, 静置一定时间后, 吸取下层沉淀细胞群。
进一步, 如果用荧光素标记凝集素, 利用流式细胞仪的方法从细胞群中纯化目标细胞是优选的, 更优 选荧光激活细胞分类仪 (FACS ) 分离所述细胞, 通过使用该装置, 可以自动分离、 回收目标细胞。
进一步, 根据本发明的方法、 试剂盒富集提纯的干细胞至少为一个, 进一步, 根据本发明的方法、 试 剂盒富集提纯干细胞的纯度至少 99%、至少 95%、至少 90%、至少 85%、至少 80%、至少 75%、至少 70%、 至少 65%、 至少 60%、 至少 55%、 至少 50%、 至少 45%、 至少 40%、 至少 35%、 至少 30%、 至少 25%、 至少 20%、 至少 15%、 至少 10%、 至少 5%或至少 1%。
应当理解, 许多凝集素都是本领域已知的信息, 根据本发明, 可以使用任何凝集素。 术语"凝集素 "是 指共有结合糖脂或糖蛋白特异性的碳水化合物基团特性的蛋白质组。 所述凝集素包括从天然来源纯化凝集 素, 例如从植物、 动物、 真菌、 藻类和细菌, 或者选择修饰的凝集素或其衍生物 (天然的或合成的), 或 者通过化学合成它。凝集素衍生物包括多 -亚单位凝集素中的一个或多个亚单位。在一个优选的实施方案中, 凝集素可选择植物凝集素, 其可以是, 但不限于本发明所述。 凝集素可以商业上从许多商业供应商那里获 得, 例如 Sigma 公司、 Vector lab公司。
进一步, 分离的所述干细胞, 其包含细胞膜上的可与凝集素结合的受体。
根据所述方法、 试剂盒所获得的提纯的干细胞, 其进一步可通过加入洗脱糖的方法把所述凝集素结合 物从所述细胞上洗脱, 从而使得获得的干细胞不带任何外来标记物。
其中, 所述富集提纯的干细胞包括全能干细胞、 多能干细胞、专能干细胞、 成体干细胞、 肿瘤干细胞、 癌干细胞, 进一步, 所述分离的干细胞其细胞表面有可与凝集素结合物中的凝集素结合的受体, 进一步与 已知干细胞标志物接触, 例如 0CT-4、 Sca-K Alb、 c-Kit、 CD90等分子。
进一步, 根据本发明所述方法、 试剂盒获得的干细胞还可加入生理盐水、 PBS缓冲液、 HBSS缓冲液 以调整干细胞的浓度和体积。 根据本发明所述的方法、 试剂盒获得的提纯的干细胞, 本领域技术人员应当理解, 所述干细胞属于本 发明的保护范围, 任何基于本发明所述干细胞的修饰均属于本发明的精神范畴与保护范围。
本发明还提供所述试剂盒的应用方法, 其应用方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 所述细胞样本与细胞预处理试剂 C接触: 如加入红细胞沉淀剂, 选择取上清; 如加入红 细胞裂解液, 选择离心后丢弃上清取细胞沉淀;
(2 ) 使经过步骤 (1 ) 的所述细胞群与所述细胞负向选择试剂 A接触, 接触时间小于或等于 168小时;
(3 ) 将步骤 (2 ) 所得的液体离心, 丢弃上清取下层细胞沉淀, 之后, 用常规缓冲液洗涤细 胞;
(4 ) 重复步骤 (3 ) 两到三次;
(5 ) 使经过步骤 (4 ) 的所述细胞群与所述细胞正向选择试剂 B接触, 所述凝集素的浓度为 0.001~50mg/ml,与所述细胞群接触的时间为小于或等于 150分钟,孵育温度为小于或等于 38 °C ;
(6 ) 分离获得凝集素阳性的细胞群: 可选择采用荧光活化细胞分选法或静置沉淀法;
(7 ) 加入洗脱糖把所述凝集素结合物从经步骤 (6 ) 获得的所述细胞上洗脱, 从而使得获得 的干细胞不带任何外来标记物, 进一步, 所述获得的干细胞获得的干细胞还可加入生理盐水、 PBS缓冲液、 HBSS缓冲液以调整干细胞的浓度和体积。
本发明的试剂盒的瓶中的化疗药物、 凝集素结合物、 洗脱糖可以是药学上可接受的溶液的形式, 例如 与无菌盐水、 PBS缓冲液或其它药学上可接受的无菌液体组合。 或者, 可以冻干或干燥的化疗药物、 凝集 素组合物, 在此类情况下, 试剂盒还任选的包含装在容器中的药学上可接受的溶液, 例如生理盐水、 PBS 缓冲液等, 优选无菌的, 以溶解所述冻干或干燥化疗药物、 凝集素结合物。
根据本发明所述的方法、 试剂盒富集提纯的干细胞有益于基础、 临床与应用研究、 组织工程、 治疗、 药物筛选、 修复和再生受损或患病组织等领域的应用。
实施例
实施例 1、 胚胎干细胞的富集提纯及显微镜观察
材料: DAPI、 FITC标记的 SBA凝集素 (F-SBA) 购自 Vector lab、 羟乙基淀粉 (Sigma), 抗 -OCT-4 抗体购自 Santa Cruz, 胶原酶、 胰蛋白酶(Sigma)、 胎盘蓝、 乙二胺四乙酸(GBICO)、 胎牛血清、 DMEM 培养基、 血球计数板、 氯化铵 (I X )。 牛血清白蛋白与凝集素 SBA预先结合, 形成牛血清白蛋白 -SBA结 合物。 洗涤缓冲液: PBS (pH值为 7.4士0.1 ) ; 封闭缓冲液: 在洗涤缓冲液(PBS ) 中加入 3% BSA; 抗原 修复液: 柠檬酸缓冲液; 透膜缓冲液: TBS (0.1%Triton+PBS )。
方法:
a) 麻醉后无菌条件下取孕鼠子宫, 用含 0.1%FBS的 DMEM培养基冲洗胚胎, 转移至无菌培养皿中, 再用上述培养基清洗 1次 (lmin ~3min), 随后, 加入 acid tyrode's solution去除胚胎的透明带, 作用时间 为 30second~lmin, 收获胚胎之后用无菌眼科剪剪切为小碎块, 转入盛有胶原酶 +0.5 g/L胰蛋白酶 -0.2 g/L 乙二胺四乙酸消化液的无菌培养皿中, 消化 3min~10min, 随后, 用毛细玻璃针轻轻吹打细胞团, 之后, 在 4°C, 以 lOOg 离心 2~3min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷的含 1%FBS的 PBS, 轻轻混匀, 再加入 NH4C1裂 解液混匀, 室温放置 30second~lmin, 在 4°C, 以 lOOg离心 2~3min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 1%FBS的 PBS混匀, 用血球计数仪计数细胞数量, 再加入 5-氟尿嘧啶接触细胞 30min~45min, 在 4°C, 以 lOOg离心 2~3min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 1%FBS的 PBS混匀, 离心丢弃上清后加入牛血清白蛋白结合的凝集素 SBA, 其中, 所述凝集素的浓度为 3mg/ml, 在 37°C条件下静置 30min后, 吸取下层细胞沉淀, 随后加入 洗脱糖半乳糖把凝集素结合物从细胞膜上洗脱下来, 在 4°C, 以 lOOg离心 2~3min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷 含 1%FBS的 PBS混匀, 胎盘蓝染色细胞存活率大于等于 97%。 随后, 吸取一份细胞与 FITC-SBA凝集素 避光孵育 30~60min,之后,在 4°C, 以 lOOg 离心 3~5min后, 丢弃上清,加入 4°C预冷的含 1%FBS的 PBS 重悬细胞, 流式细胞仪鉴定分析 F-SBA+细胞群的数量, 结果表明纯化的干细胞纯度为 98%。 在分析前, 添加碘化丙碇 (PI) 来排除分析中的死细胞。
b) 4%多聚甲醛溶液固定细胞 15~30mim, 室温放置 30min~60min后, 再依次经抗原修复(55°C~75°C, 30min~80min)、 室温冷却 (30min~60min)后加入透膜缓冲液与固定细胞孵育, 孵育时间为 30~60min, 之 后 BSA封闭(室温, 30min~60min), PBS洗去剩余未结合 BSA之后, 用抗 OCT-4抗体与固定细胞进行孵 育,在 4°C孵育过夜后,再用 PBS洗去未结合的抗 OCT-4抗体,之后加入 TRITC-二抗、 FITC-SBA及 DAPI 室温孵育 30ηώ ~60ηώ, 洗去上述未结合抗体, 室温干燥后封片。 荧光显微镜或激光共聚焦显微镜检测, 检测到阳性细胞的数量为一个以上。
结果: 采用本发明的方法能够富集、 提纯胚胎干细胞 (图 1 )。
实施例 2、 肺干细胞的富集提纯
制备了来自成体动物的肺脏组织, 组织经 PBS缓冲液清洗, 清洗 3次, 每次 3~5min。
材料: DAPI、 TRITC标记的 UEA (T-UEA)购自 Sigma、 抗 -c-Kit抗体(GBICO)、 胶原酶、 胰蛋白酶 ( Sigma),胎牛血清、 DMEM/F-12K培养基、血球计数板、 0.2%NaCl,胎盘蓝染液。洗涤缓冲液: PBS (pH 值为 7.4±0.1 ) ; 封闭缓冲液: 在洗涤缓冲液 (PBS) 中加入 3% BSA; 抗原修复液: 柠檬酸缓冲液; 透膜 缓冲液: TBS (0.1%Triton+PBS) o
方法:
a)肺组织转入无菌培养皿中后, 用无菌眼科剪剪切组织为小碎块, 转入盛有胶原酶 /胰蛋白酶消化液的 50ml离心管中,在 37°C, 500rpm消化 30min~45min后,加入 4°C预冷的含 10% 胎牛血清的 DMEM/F12K 培养基终止反应, 再用一次性注射器将经消化的组织块吹打成单细胞悬液, 之后, 在 4°C, 以 200g 离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷的含 2%FBS的 PBS, 轻轻混匀, 经 180目筛网过滤入另一个 50ml离心管 中, 加入 0.2%NaCl裂解红细胞, 接触时间为 3~5min, 之后加入 1.6%NaCl恢复溶液至等渗条件, 在 4°C, 以 200g离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 2%FBS的 PBS混匀, 用血球计数仪计数细胞数量, 再加 入紫杉醇、 5-氟尿嘧啶、 卡铂接触细胞, 时间为 24h~36h, 之后在 4°C, 以 200g离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加 入 4°C预冷含 2%FBS的 PBS混匀, 细胞被等分为两份, 一份加入 15~40μ1 的 TRITC-UEA, —份加入等体 积过量的同型对照,两份细胞均在 4°C条件下避光孵育 30~60min,之后,在 4°C, 以 200g 离心 3~5min后, 丢弃上清, 加入 4°C预冷的含 2%FBS的 PBS重悬细胞, 胎盘蓝染色细胞存活率为 98%, 流式细胞仪分选 T-UEA+细胞群, 纯化的干细胞纯度为 94%。 在分析前, 添加碘化丙碇 (PI) 来排除分析其中的死细胞。
b) 4%多聚甲醛溶液固定细胞 20~40mim, 室温放置 30min~60min后, 再依次经抗原修复(55°C~75°C, 30min~80min)、 室温冷却 (30min~60min)后加入透膜缓冲液与固定细胞孵育, 孵育时间为 20~40min, 之 后加入 BSA封闭 (室温, 30min~60min), PBS洗去剩余未结合 BSA之后, 用抗 -c-Kit抗体与固定细胞进 行孵育, 4°C孵育过夜后,用 PBS缓冲液洗去未结合抗体,加入 FITC-二抗及 DAPI,室温孵育 30min~120min 后, 再用 PBS洗去未结合抗体及 DAPI, 室温干燥后封片。 荧光显微镜或激光共聚焦显微镜检测, 检测到 阳性细胞的数量为一个以上。
结果: 采用本发明所述方法能够从肺组织中富集、 提纯干细胞 (图 2)。
实施例 3、 肝癌组织中肝癌干细胞的富集提纯
制备了来自成体动物的肝癌组织, 组织经 PBS缓冲液清洗, 清洗 3次, 每次 3~5min。
材料:同实施例 2,其中明胶(Amersco)、甲基纤维素(Sigma)、 SBA、 DBA、 TRITC标记的 DBA(T-DBA) 购自 Vector。
方法:
a) 肝癌组织转入无菌培养皿中后, 用无菌眼科剪剪切组织为小碎块, 转入盛有胶原酶消化液的 50ml 离心管中,在 37°C, 800rpm消化 45min~60min后,加入 4°C预冷的含 10% 胎牛血清 (Fetal bovine serum, FBS) 的 DMEM/F12K培养基终止反应,再用一次性注射器将经消化的组织块吹打成单细胞悬液,之后,在 4°C, 以 250g 离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷的含 2%FBS的 PBS, 轻轻混匀, 经 200 目筛网过滤入另一 个 50ml离心管中, 加入 1~10%质量浓度的明胶沉淀红细胞, 接触时间为 45min~90min, 之后吸取上清, 加入 4°C预冷的含 2%FBS的 PBS后离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 2%FBS的 PBS混匀, 用血球 计数仪计数细胞数量, 再加入环磷酰胺、 氨甲喋呤、 5氟尿嘧啶接触细胞, 时间为 48h~96h, 之后在 4°C, 以 250g离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 2%FBS的 PBS混匀, 离心丢弃上清后加入甲基纤维素结 合的凝集素 SBA和凝集素 DBA, 其中, 凝集素的浓度为 0.85mg/ml, 在 37°C条件下静置 60min后, 吸取 下层细胞沉淀,加入洗脱糖 N-乙酰半乳糖胺、半乳糖把凝集素结合物从细胞膜上洗脱下来,在 4°C,以 250g 离心 2~3min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 1%FBS的 PBS混匀, 胎盘蓝染色细胞存活率 97%。 随后, 吸取一 份细胞与 TRITC-DBA凝集素避光孵育 30~60min, 之后, 在 4°C, 以 250g 离心 3~5min后, 丢弃上清, 加 入 4°C预冷的含 1%FBS的 PBS重悬细胞, 流式细胞仪鉴定分析 TRITC-DBA +细胞群的数量, 结果表明纯 化的干细胞纯度为 98%。 在分析前, 添加碘化丙碇 (PI ) 来排除分析中的死细胞。
b) 4%多聚甲醛溶液固定细胞 30~40mim, 室温放置 40min~60min后, 再依次经抗原修复(55°C~75°C, 30min~80min)、 室温冷却 (30min~60min)后加入透膜缓冲液与固定细胞孵育, 孵育时间为 20~40min, 之 后加入 BSA封闭 (室温, 30min~60min), PBS洗去剩余未结合 BSA之后, 用抗 CD90抗体与固定细胞进 行孵育, 4°C过夜孵育, 再用 PBS洗去未结合抗体, 之后加入 TRITC-凝集素、 FITC-二抗及 DAPI, 室温孵 育 30ηώ ~120ηώ 后, 再用 PBS洗去未结合抗体及 DAPI, 室温干燥后封片。 荧光显微镜或激光共聚焦显 微镜检测, 检测到阳性细胞的数量为一个以上。
结果: 采用本发明所述方法能够从肝癌组织中富集、 提纯干细胞 (图 3 )。
实施例 4、 从骨髓、 脐带血中富集提纯干细胞
分别制备骨髓、 脐带血。
材料: 同实施例 2, 其中 DBA、 UEA购自 Vector, 凝集素的结合物为 PE荧光染料。
方法:
a): 加入 6~15%质量浓度的右旋糖酐于骨髓细胞悬液中, 接触细胞的时间为 30min从而沉淀红细胞, 随后吸取上清在 4°C, 以 230g 离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷的含 2%FBS的 PBS, 轻轻混勾, 经 200 目筛网过滤入另一个离心管中用血球计数仪计数细胞数量, 再加入丝裂霉素、 5-氟尿嘧啶、 阿糖胞苷 接触细胞, 时间为 24h~48h, 之后在 4°C, 以 230g离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 2%FBS的 PBS 混匀, 胎盘蓝染色细胞存活率 98%, 离心丢弃上清后加入 PE结合的凝集素 DBA, 其中, 凝集素的浓度为 1.8mg/ml, 在 35°C条件下接触 60min后, 在 4°C, 以 230g离心 2~3min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 1%FBS 的 PBS混匀,。 随后, 在 4°C, 以 230g离心 3~5min后, 丢弃上清, 加入 4°C预冷的含 1%FBS的 PBS重 悬细胞, 流式细胞仪鉴定分析阳性细胞群的数量, 结果表明阳性细胞的百分比为 3.9% (图 4.A), 富集提 纯的干细胞纯度为 93.8% (图 4.B)。 在分析前, 添加碘化丙碇 (PI) 来排除分析中的死细胞。 分选的细胞 群可进一步用洗脱糖 N-乙酰半乳糖胺把凝集素结合物从细胞膜上洗脱下来,从而获得不含任何外来标记的 细胞群, 进一步可加入生理盐水调节干细胞的浓度和体积。
b) 加入 6~15%质量浓度的右旋糖酐于脐带血细胞悬液中, 接触细胞的时间为 40min从而沉淀红细胞, 随后吸取上清在 4°C, 以 220g 离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷的含 2%FBS的 PBS, 轻轻混匀, 经 160 目筛网过滤入另一个离心管中用血球计数仪计数细胞数量, 再加入丝裂霉素、 5-氟尿嘧啶、 阿糖胞苷 接触细胞, 时间为 24h~48h, 之后在 4°C, 以 220g离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 2%FBS的 PBS 混匀, 胎盘蓝染色细胞存活率 98%, 离心丢弃上清后加入 PE结合的凝集素 UEA, 其中, 凝集素的浓度为 2.3mg/ml, 在 37°C条件下接触 45min后, 在 4°C, 以 220g离心 2~3min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 1%FBS 的 PBS混匀,。 随后, 在 4°C, 以 220g离心 3~5min后, 丢弃上清, 加入 4°C预冷的含 1%FBS的 PBS重 悬细胞, 流式细胞仪鉴定分析阳性细胞群的数量, 结果表明阳性细胞数量为 4.3% (图 4.C), 富集提纯的 干细胞纯度为 95.6% (图 4.D)。 在分析前, 添加碘化丙碇 (PI) 来排除分析中的死细胞。 分选的细胞群可 进一步用洗脱糖海藻糖把凝集素结合物从细胞膜上洗脱下来, 从而获得不含任何外来标记的细胞群, 进一 步可加入生理盐水调节干细胞的浓度和体积。
结果: 采用本发明所述方法能够从骨髓、 脐带血中富集、 提纯干细胞 (图 4)。
实施例 5、 采用试剂盒富集、 提纯心脏干细胞及其应用方法
本发明的试剂盒组成:
( 1 ) 细胞负向选择试剂 A: 化疗药物环磷酰胺、 卡铂、 5-氟尿嘧啶;
(2 ) 细胞正向选择试剂 B : 凝集素结合物 FITC-HP;
( 3 ) 细胞预处理试剂 C: 羧甲基淀粉;
(4 ) 洗脱缓冲液: 洗脱糖;
(5 ) 容器: 用于盛放 a)、 b)、 c)、 d)三种溶液的方形试剂瓶;
实验材料: 同实施例 2。
应用方法:
a)加入羧甲基淀粉(细胞预处理试剂 C) 与分离的心脏细胞群混匀, 室温静置 20~30min, 吸取上清后 在 4°C, 以 200g离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 2%FBS的 PBS重悬细胞沉淀, 之后用血球计数仪 计数细胞数量, 加入细胞负向选择试剂 A,接触细胞的时间为 60min~120min,在 4°C,以 200g离心 3~5min, 弃上清后加入 4°C预冷含 2%FBS的 PBS重悬细胞沉淀, 细胞被等分为两份, 一份加入细胞正向选择试剂 B, 其中, 凝集素的浓度为 10mg/ml, 接触细胞的温度和时间分别为 32°C和 45min, 一份加入等体积的过 量同型对照, 之后, 在 4°C, 以 200g 离心 3~5 min后, 丢弃上清, 加入 4°C预冷含 2%FBS的 PBS重悬细 胞沉淀, 流式细胞仪分选阳性细胞群, 纯化的干细胞纯度为 92。/。。 在分析前, 添加碘化丙碇 (PI ) 来排除 分析中的死细胞。
b) 4%多聚甲醛溶液固定细胞 15~30mim, 室温放置 30min~60min后, 再依次经抗原修复(55°C~75°C, 30min~80min)、 室温冷却 (30min~60min)后加入透膜缓冲液与固定细胞孵育, 孵育时间为 30~60min, 之 后 BSA封闭 (室温, 30min~60min), PBS洗去剩余未结合 BSA之后, 用抗 Nkx2.5抗体与固定细胞进行 孵育, 4°C过夜孵育后, 再用 PBS 洗去未结合的抗体, 之后, 加入 TRITC-二抗及 DAPI 在室温孵育 60ηώ ~120ηώ后, 再用 PBS洗去未结合抗体及 DAPI, 室温干燥后封片。 荧光显微镜或激光共聚焦显微镜 检测, 检测到阳性细胞的数量为一个以上。
结果: 采用本发明的试剂盒能够从混合细胞群中富集、 提纯心脏干细胞 (图 4)。
进一步, 根据需要, 可加入洗脱糖 Ν-乙酰半乳糖胺把凝集素结合物从细胞膜上洗脱下来, 从而获得不 带任何外来标记的细胞悬液, 其中, 可通过加入 PBS缓冲液调节所述细胞悬液的体积和浓度。
工业实用性
如上所述, 依照本发明的方法、 试剂盒, 可以用一种简单、 快速且经济的方法, 一方面准确且有效地 富集提纯干细胞, 而由此得到的含细胞液体无需随后繁琐的细胞悬液制备过程, 可直接进行深低温保藏, 由本发明方法、 试剂盒获得的干细胞, 其不携带外来标记, 以便其用于基础研究和医疗应用相关的产业, 如干细胞自我更新机理及相关技术研究、 干细胞用于治疗、 修复受损或病变组织、 干细胞移植技术领域、 免疫治疗领域以及药物筛选等。

Claims

用于富集、 提纯干细胞的方法, 其特征在于: 联合化疗药物与凝集素用于从细胞群体中富集、 提纯干 细胞, 所述方法包括:
( 1 ) 使所述细胞群与至少一种化疗药物进行接触, 其可诱导处于细胞周期的细胞凋亡;
(2) 再使所述细胞群与凝集素结合物进行接触, 后者含有: 至少一种凝集素, 其可与所述细胞上 的受体结合, 随后将凝集素结合的细胞群与剩余细胞样品分离;
通过上述负向和正向选择, 从而实现从所述细胞群体中富集、 提纯出干细胞, 获得富含干细胞的细胞 样品。
根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 进一步包括在所述细胞群与化疗药物接触之前进行细胞预 处理所述细胞群体。
根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 细胞预处理过程选择采用沉淀或裂解法沉淀或裂解细胞群 中的红细胞的试剂, 所述试剂可选择为质量浓度为 0.1~20%的羟乙基淀粉、 明胶、 右旋糖酐、 聚乙烯 吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉的任一一种;或可选择为氯化铵红细胞裂解液、质量浓度小于 0.9% 的生理盐水溶液的任一一种; 或选择泛影酸钠-葡聚糖、 HITOPAQUE、 Ficoll的任一一种, 所述试剂至 少重复接触所述细胞群一次。
根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述化疗药物包括但不限于抗生素化疗药物、 抗代谢化疗 药物、 烷化剂化疗药物、 激素及内分泌化疗药物、 植物化疗药物、 亚硝脲类化疗药物、 抗体阻断剂化 疗药物、 门冬酰胺酶、 甲基苄肼、 草酸铂、 铂类、 丙亚胺、 羟基脲和氨烯咪胺及其衍生物的一种或两 种以上的组合, 所述化疗药物接触所述细胞群的时间小于或等于 168小时。
根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述凝集素和或凝集素结合物中的凝集素包括天然的或化 学合成的植物凝集素、 动物凝集素或其衍生物的一种或两种以上的组合, 所述凝集素的浓度为 0.001~50mg/ml, 与所述细胞群接触的时间为小于或等于 150分钟, 孵育温度为小于或等于 38°C。 根据权利要求 1或 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述凝集素结合物中的结合物可选择预先与荧光染料、 磁性微球或高分子量的生物大分子的任一一种进行结合, 或选择具有对凝集素有亲和力抗体或抗体衍 生物或抗体片段的一种。
根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述与凝集素结合的高分子量的生物大分子的分子量在一 万道尔顿 (Mw) 至五十万道尔顿 (Mw ) 之间, 其中所述高分子量的生物大分子可选择为牛血清白蛋 白、 羟乙基淀粉、 明胶、 甲基纤维素、 羧甲基淀粉、 右旋糖酐、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的任一一种。
根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述含干细胞的细胞群来源于啮齿动物、 人类或其他哺乳 动物的胚胎组织、 成体组织、 肿瘤 /癌前组织、 肿瘤 /癌性组织、 转移瘤 /癌组织或其他潜在包含干细胞 的一种或两种以上组织的组合, 或选择来自所述组织的原代、 传代细胞群的一种或两种以上的组合。
9. 联合化疗药物与凝集素用于富集、提纯干细胞的试剂盒及其应用方法, 其在用于从所述细胞群中富集、 提纯干细胞的用途。
10.根据权利要求 9所述的用于富集、 提纯干细胞的试剂盒, 其特征在于: 所述试剂盒包括:
1 ) 细胞负向选择试剂 A;
2) 细胞正向选择试剂 B;
3 ) 以及任选的容器;
其中, 细胞负向选择试剂 A为化疗药物, 包含但不限于抗生素化疗药物、 抗代谢化疗药物、 烷化剂化 疗药物、激素及内分泌化疗药物、植物化疗药物、 亚硝脲类化疗药物、 抗体阻断剂化疗药物、 门冬酰胺酶、 甲基苄肼、 草酸铂、 铂类、 丙亚胺、 羟基脲和氨烯咪胺及其衍生物的一种或两种以上的组合, 所述化疗药 物接触所述细胞群的时间小于或等于 168小时;
其中, 细胞正向选择试剂 B为凝集素和或凝集素结合物, 包括但不限于天然的或人工合成的植物凝集 素、 动物凝集素或其衍生物的一种或两种以上的组合, 其中所述凝集素结合物中的结合物可选择预先与荧 光染料、 磁性微球或高分子量的生物大分子的任一一种进行结合, 或选择具有对凝集素有亲和力抗体或抗 体衍生物或抗体片段的一种, 所述凝集素的浓度为 0.001~50mg/ml, 与所述细胞群接触的时间为小于或等 于 150分钟, 孵育温度为小于或等于 38°C。
11.根据权利要求 10所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述试剂盒还包括细胞预处理试剂 c, 用于沉淀或裂解 所述细胞群中的红细胞。
12.根据权利要求 10所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述含干细胞的细胞群是啮齿动物、 人类或其他哺乳动 物来源的正常成体、 胚胎组织和或病变、 肿瘤、 癌前、 癌性、 癌转移组织, 或来自所述组织的原代、 传代细胞群的一种或两种以上的组合。
13.根据权利要求 1、 9或 10中任一权利要求所述, 其中, 随后可选择采用荧光活化细胞分选法用于鉴定 和分选结合凝集素结合化合物的细胞群或选择沉淀法分离结合凝集素的所述细胞群, 进一步, 分离的 所述干细胞, 其包含细胞膜上的可与凝集素结合的受体。
14.根据权利要求 1、 9或 10中任一权利要求的方法、 试剂盒获得的提纯的干细胞, 其特征在于, 通过加 入洗脱糖的方法把所述凝集素结合物从所述细胞上洗脱,从而使得获得的干细胞不带任何外来标记物。
15.根据权利要求 1、 9或 10中任一权利要求所述, 其中所述富集提纯的干细胞包括全能干细胞、 多能干 细胞、 专能干细胞、 成体干细胞、 肿瘤干细胞、 癌干细胞, 进一步, 其与已知干细胞标志物接触。 根据权利要求 1、 9或 10任一权利要求所述, 获得的干细胞还可加入生理盐水、 PBS缓冲液、 HBSS 缓冲液以调整干细胞的浓度和体积。
根据权利要求 9所述的试剂盒应用方法, 其特征在于, 其应用方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 所述细胞样本与细胞预处理试剂 C接触: 如加入红细胞沉淀剂, 选择取上清; 如加入红细胞 裂解液, 选择离心后丢弃上清取细胞沉淀;
(2) 使经过步骤 (1 ) 的所述细胞群与所述细胞负向选择试剂 A接触, 接触时间小于或等于 168 小时;
(3 ) 将步骤 (2) 所得的液体离心, 丢弃上清取下层细胞沉淀, 之后, 用常规缓冲液洗涤细胞;
(4) 重复步骤 (3 ) 两到三次;
(5 ) 使经过步骤 (4 ) 的所述细胞群与所述细胞正向选择试剂 B 接触, 所述凝集素的浓度为 0.001~50mg/ml, 与所述细胞群接触的时间为小于或等于 150分钟, 孵育温度为小于或等于 38°C;
(6) 分离获得凝集素阳性的细胞群: 可选择采用荧光活化细胞分选、 磁珠分选法或静置沉淀法;
(7) 加入洗脱糖把所述凝集素结合物从经步骤 (6) 获得的所述细胞上洗脱, 从而使得获得的干 细胞不带任何外来标记物, 进一步, 获得的干细胞还可加入生理盐水、 PBS缓冲液、 HBSS缓冲 液以调整干细胞的浓度和体积。
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