WO2013058388A1 - 抗gap43抗体 - Google Patents
抗gap43抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013058388A1 WO2013058388A1 PCT/JP2012/077163 JP2012077163W WO2013058388A1 WO 2013058388 A1 WO2013058388 A1 WO 2013058388A1 JP 2012077163 W JP2012077163 W JP 2012077163W WO 2013058388 A1 WO2013058388 A1 WO 2013058388A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/566—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using specific carrier or receptor proteins as ligand binding reagents where possible specific carrier or receptor proteins are classified with their target compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/44—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material not provided for elsewhere, e.g. haptens, metals, DNA, RNA, amino acids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6854—Immunoglobulins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/33—Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/80—Immunoglobulins specific features remaining in the (producing) cell, i.e. intracellular antibodies or intrabodies
- C07K2317/82—Immunoglobulins specific features remaining in the (producing) cell, i.e. intracellular antibodies or intrabodies functional in the cytoplasm, the inner aspect of the cell membrane, the nucleus or the mitochondria
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2440/00—Post-translational modifications [PTMs] in chemical analysis of biological material
- G01N2440/14—Post-translational modifications [PTMs] in chemical analysis of biological material phosphorylation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antibody capable of specifically detecting a growth cone and use thereof.
- a step (1) in which a nerve cell is generated or regenerated and a step (2) in which the generated or regenerated nerve cell correctly extends an axon to correctly form a synapse are necessary.
- a step (2) in which the generated or regenerated nerve cell correctly extends an axon to correctly form a synapse are necessary.
- a growth cone At the tip of the axon of the generated and regenerated nerve cell, there is a fan-like structure with high mobility called a growth cone.
- This growth cone has a central region and a peripheral region including a leaf-like and a thread-like temporary foot. The growth cone properly guides the axon for the formation of synapses, while extending or retracting the filopodia.
- GAP43 Growth associated protein 43
- Neuromodulin is abundant in the growth cone, and plays an important role in the extension of the filamentous temporary foot and the branching of neurites.
- GAP43 is phosphorylated by protein kinase C while dephosphorylated by calcineurin.
- Non-phosphorylated GAP43 functions as an actin cap protein and reduces the elongation of the filamentous temporary foot.
- phosphorylation of the 41st serine residue (S41) of mouse GAP43 is considered to be important for the stabilization of actin for the extension of the filamentous pseudopodia (for example, Denny, JB., Curr Neuropharmacol., Vol. 4 (12): pp. 293-304 (2006)).
- An object of the present invention is to provide an antibody capable of specifically detecting a growth cone and an immunological analysis method using the antibody.
- the present inventors analyzed the growth cone phosphorylation proteomics by analyzing the 89th threonine residue (T89), 96th serine residue (S96), and 172nd threonine residue of mouse GAP43 ( It was newly found that while T172) is significantly phosphorylated, S41 is hardly phosphorylated. This finding indicates that phosphorylation of T89, S96 and T172 is important in axonal elongation. According to the present invention, it is possible to quantitatively evaluate the generation and / or regeneration of nerves by specifically detecting GAP43 phosphorylated on T89, S96 or T172.
- the present invention can distinguish the non-phosphorylated 89th threonine residue (T89) of mouse GAP43 shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 from the phosphorylated 89th threonine residue (pT89).
- An anti-GAP43 antibody capable of specifically detecting cones is provided.
- the present invention can distinguish between the 96th serine residue (S96) that is not phosphorylated in mouse GAP43 shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 and the 96th serine residue (pS96) that is phosphorylated.
- An anti-GAP43 antibody capable of specifically detecting cones is provided.
- the present invention can distinguish the unphosphorylated 172nd threonine residue (T172) and the phosphorylated 172nd threonine residue (pT172) of mouse GAP43 shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, An anti-GAP43 antibody capable of specifically detecting cones is provided.
- the present invention comprises (1) preparing at least one anti-GAP43 antibody selected from the group consisting of the above-described three antibodies of the present invention and a test sample, and (2) the anti-GAP43 antibody, There is provided a method for immunological analysis of GAP43, comprising contacting the test sample, and (3) detecting or quantifying the anti-GAP43 antibody bound to the test sample.
- the immunological analysis method of the present invention may be used to evaluate nerve development and / or regeneration.
- the detection or quantification of the anti-GAP43 antibody bound to the test sample is a group consisting of ELISA, Western blot, surface plasmon resonance, latex agglutination, and immunohistochemistry In some cases, at least one method selected from the above may be used.
- Each of the three anti-GAP43 antibodies of the present invention may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody.
- the present invention provides a hybridoma that produces any one of the above-described three monoclonal antibodies of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a kit for carrying out the immunological analysis method of the present invention.
- the kit may contain at least one anti-GAP43 antibody selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned three kinds of antibodies of the present invention and a reagent for detecting or quantifying the anti-GAP43 antibody.
- the present invention provides a reagent for detecting a growth cone comprising at least one anti-GAP43 antibody selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned three antibodies of the present invention.
- the present invention provides the use of at least one anti-GAP43 antibody selected from the group consisting of the above three antibodies of the present invention in a method for detecting growth cones.
- the term “process” means not only an independent process but also the term “process” as long as the intended effect of this process is achieved even when it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes.
- a numerical range indicated by using “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the amount of each component in the composition is such that when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition, the plurality of substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified. It means the total amount.
- an amino acid is represented by a compound name such as serine or threonine, a conventional three-letter code such as Ser or Thr, or a conventional single-character code such as S or T.
- non-phosphorylated polypeptide refers to a polypeptide that includes only non-phosphorylated amino acid residues
- phosphorylated polypeptide refers to an amino acid residue that is phosphorylated.
- a polypeptide comprising at least one group is meant.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 is CEGDGSATDADAPA.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 is CDAAPATSPKAEE.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 is CVTDAAAATTPAAED.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4 is CTDAAAATTPAAED.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 5 is CKATTDNSPSSKA.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 6 is CTTDNSPSSKAEDG.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 7 is CVTDAAAATTPAAED.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 8 is CKKEGDGSATTDA.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 9 is CTDAAPATSPKAE.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 10 is CPKAEEPSKAGDA.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 11 is CSEEKAGGSAETES.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 12 is CTETAESSQAEEE.
- the amino acid sequence of GAP43 of SEQ ID NO: 13 is that of GenBank Accession No. AAH28288.
- the western blot photograph which shows the result of the cross-reaction experiment of the anti- GAP43 antibody with respect to a rat growth cone fraction (GCP).
- the western blot photograph which shows the result of the expression detection experiment of the fusion protein of mouse
- the western blot photograph which shows the result of the cross-reaction experiment (1) of the anti- GAP43 antibody with respect to various samples.
- the western blot photograph which shows the result of the cross-reaction experiment (2) of the anti- GAP43 antibody with respect to various samples.
- Fluorescence micrographs of rat cerebral cortical neurons stained immunocytochemically with various anti-GAP43 antibodies Fluorescence micrograph of rat cerebral cortical neurons stained immunocytochemically with anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody and anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody. Fluorescence micrograph of rat spinal dorsal root ganglion cells immunocytochemically stained with anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody. Fluorescence micrograph of spinal dorsal root ganglion injury site immunohistochemically stained with anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody and anti-neurofilament monoclonal antibody. Fluorescence micrograph of spinal cord injury site immunohistochemically stained with anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody and anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody.
- Photomicrograph of spinal cord injury site 7 days after spinal cord injury stained with anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS41 antibody and anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody Developmental fetal brain immunohistochemically stained with anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS41 antibody and anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody: thalamic cerebral cortex tract on embryonic day 15; B: embryonic stage 12 Photomicrograph of the day's olfactory nerve. The western blot photograph which shows the result of the cross-reaction experiment of the anti- GAP43 antibody with respect to the rhesus monkey.
- the antibodies of the present invention are as follows: The 89th threonine residue (T89) which is not phosphorylated in mouse GAP43 shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 can be distinguished from the 89th threonine residue (pT89) which is phosphorylated.
- An anti-GAP43 antibody detectable to The 96th serine residue (S96) that is not phosphorylated in mouse GAP43 shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 can be distinguished from the 96th serine residue (pS96) that is phosphorylated, and the growth cone is specific.
- the immunological analysis method of the present invention comprises (1) preparing at least one anti-GAP43 antibody selected from the group consisting of the above-described three antibodies of the present invention, and a test sample; 2) An immunological analysis method for GAP43, comprising contacting the anti-GAP43 antibody with the test sample; and (3) detecting or quantifying the anti-GAP43 antibody bound to the test sample.
- the kit of the present invention is for carrying out the immunological analysis method, or contains at least one anti-GAP43 antibody selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned three antibodies of the present invention, A reagent for detecting or quantifying the anti-GAP43 antibody may be included.
- the reagent for detecting a growth cone of the present invention comprises at least one anti-GAP43 antibody selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned three antibodies of the present invention.
- these three types of anti-GAP43 antibodies are T86, S96.
- nerve generation and / or regeneration can be evaluated based on the binding state of the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention. The present invention will be described below.
- the polypeptide herein may be a polypeptide produced by a biological procedure.
- the biological procedure comprises preparing a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide by expressing it using an inanimate expression system or an expression system using a host organism and an expression vector.
- the host organisms include prokaryotes such as E. coli and Bacillus subtilis and eukaryotes such as yeast, fungi, plants and animals.
- the expression system using the host organism and the expression vector may be part of an organism such as a cell or tissue, or the entire individual of the organism.
- the polypeptide herein may be a synthetic polypeptide made by a chemical procedure using the Fmoc method, the Boc method, or the like.
- the polypeptide is preferably used in a purified state.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide may include a part of the amino acid sequence of mouse GAP43.
- a specific serine residue or threonine residue may be phosphorylated.
- the polypeptide may be used as a complex bound to a carrier polymer to produce the antibody of the present invention and / or to carry out the immunological analysis method of the present invention.
- carrier polymer refers to any polymer that can impart immunogenicity to a hapten, and may be a biopolymer such as a protein or polysaccharide, or a synthetic polymer such as polylysine. Absent. Proteins used in the carrier polymer of the complex include, but are not limited to, bovine serum albumin, chicken ovalbumin, and mussel hemocyanin.
- a complex of the carrier polymer and a polypeptide containing any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 12 and phosphorylated on a specific serine residue or threonine residue is any functional group of amino acid and carrier It may be bonded with a polymer.
- the amino group or carboxyl group of an amino acid may be covalently bonded to any side chain of the carrier polymer via an appropriate crosslinking agent.
- the cross-linking agents include m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS), glutaraldehyde (GA), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride Including (EDC), but not limited to.
- MBS m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
- GA glutaraldehyde
- NHS N-hydroxysuccinimide
- EDC 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride Including
- a complex of the carrier polymer and a polypeptide containing any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 14 and having a specific serine residue or threonine residue phosphorylated is a phosphorylated specific serine
- Various protections, modifications, and the like may be
- Each of the anti-GAP43 antibodies of the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody, an antigen-binding fragment of the antibody, and a recombinant antibody or a chimeric antibody containing the antigen-binding fragment.
- the anti-GAP43 antibody and hybridoma of the present invention may be prepared by various methods known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Current Protocols in Immunology (edited by John E. Coligan et al., John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).
- the polypeptide or the complex is any animal of mammals (eg, mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep or goat) or birds (eg, chicken) in order to collect antiserum containing the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention.
- the host is injected as an immunogen.
- the immunogen may elicit an excellent immune response when linked to the carrier polymer.
- the immunogen is preferably injected into the animal host according to a predetermined schedule incorporating one or more booster immunizations.
- the immunogen may be injected into the animal host in a mixture with complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant or other immunopotentiators.
- the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention may be purified from antisera by affinity chromatography using the polypeptide bound to a suitable solid support.
- the hybridoma producing the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention is prepared by fusion of spleen cells prepared from an immunized mouse with, for example, myeloma cells derived from the same or different animals as the mouse.
- the spleen cells and myeloma cells are mixed with a nonionic surfactant for several minutes and then seeded at a low concentration in a selective medium that supports hybridoma growth but does not support myeloma cell growth.
- the selection technique preferably uses HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine) selection. Hybridoma colonies are usually observed after about 1 to 2 weeks. A single colony is selected and its culture supernatant is tested for binding activity against the polypeptide.
- a hybridoma clone that stably produces a large amount of highly reactive and specific antibody is selected.
- Monoclonal antibodies may be isolated from the supernatants of colonies of cell lines derived from selected growing hybridoma clones.
- various techniques may be used to improve yield, such as injecting the hybridoma into the peritoneal cavity of a suitable vertebrate host such as a mouse.
- the monoclonal antibody may be purified by affinity chromatography using the polypeptide bound to a suitable solid support.
- antigen-binding fragment of an antibody refers to a portion of an antibody that participates in antigen binding.
- the antigen binding site is formed by amino acid residues in the variable (V) region at the N-terminus of the heavy (H) chain and light (L) chain.
- the antigen-binding fragment includes, in addition to an Fab fragment or F (ab ′) 2 fragment obtained by degrading an intact polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody with the proteolytic enzyme papain or pepsin, respectively, and the antigen recognition ability and binding ability of a natural antibody molecule Fv fragments containing non-covalent V H and V L region heterodimers containing antigen binding sites that retain most of the.
- the recombinant antibody may be prepared by expression cloning of antibody genes including transformation into a suitable bacterial host or transfection into a suitable mammalian cell host.
- the chimeric antibody comprises a specific serine residue and threonine residue that are not phosphorylated in GAP43 and a specific serine that is phosphorylated in the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention.
- the fusion protein is supported by the constant domain of a homologous or heterologous antibody so that the residue and threonine residue can be distinguished.
- the specific serine residue and threonine residue are the 86th serine residue (S86), 89th threonine residue (T89), 95th threonine residue (T95), 96th mouse GAP43.
- the chimeric antibody includes a single chain variable region antibody (scFv) comprising an antibody heavy chain variable region (V H ) operably linked to an antibody light chain variable region (V L ), a camelid family (Camelidae, camel, dromedary, including animals including llamas) is a camel heavy chain antibodies (HCAb) or a heavy chain variable domain (V H D) are a class of IgG no light chain produced.
- scFv single chain variable region antibody
- V H antibody heavy chain variable region
- V L antibody light chain variable region
- HCAb camel heavy chain antibodies
- V H D heavy chain variable domain
- the recombinant antibody can be prepared in large quantities using prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression systems.
- the step of “preparing the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention” in the immunological analysis method of the present invention includes obtaining the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention or preparing the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention.
- Examples of the method for obtaining the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention include obtaining the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention that has already been prepared from a specific supplier free of charge or for a fee.
- the method of preparing the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention may be performed by various methods known to those skilled in the art described above.
- the step of “preparing a test sample” in the immunological analysis method of the present invention is applicable to obtaining a test sample applicable to the immunological analysis method of the present invention, or applicable to the immunological analysis method of the present invention.
- Preparing a test sample examples include obtaining a test sample that has already been prepared from a specific source at no charge or for a fee.
- a method for preparing a test sample may be performed by collection from a living body, cell culture, or the like.
- the test sample includes, but is not limited to, collected cells, tissues and organs, cultured cells, cell lysates, and synthetic polypeptides.
- the test sample generally contains GAP43, a variant or polypeptide thereof, or a fusion protein containing at least a part of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the fusion protein may be a fusion protein of GAP43, a variant or polypeptide thereof containing at least a portion of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and a tag protein or tag peptide.
- the tag proteins include, but are not limited to, green fluorescent protein (EGFP), yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), and cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP).
- the tag peptide includes, but is not limited to, His tag, Myc tag, HA tag, and FLAG tag.
- GAP43 a variant or polypeptide thereof containing at least a part of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the fusion protein may be phosphorylated.
- the biological species of the test sample can be identified by the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention from a specific serine residue or threonine residue that is not phosphorylated and a specific serine residue or threonine residue that is phosphorylated. Conditions include, but are not limited to, humans, monkeys, mice and rats.
- the specific serine residue and threonine residue are the 86th serine residue (S86), 89th threonine residue (T89), 95th threonine residue (T95), 96th mouse GAP43.
- the step of “contacting the anti-GAP43 antibody and the test sample” in the immunological analysis method of the present invention may be performed using a solid support on which the test sample is fixed.
- the solid support is not particularly limited as long as it can be fixed without losing the immunogenicity of the test sample, and solids of various materials or shapes can be used.
- the solid support may be fabricated from materials including but not limited to polymeric materials, glass, ceramics, gels, membranes, natural fibers, silicones, metals and composites thereof.
- the solid support includes a solid support having a shape suitable for handling by an automated analysis system, such as a multi-well plate, a microtiter plate, a multi-array chip, a sensor chip or a latex agglomeration microparticle.
- a plurality of anti-GAP43 antibodies may be used in combination.
- the immunological analysis method of the present invention may include a step of bringing the test sample into contact with another antibody other than the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention.
- Such other antibodies include, but are not limited to, commercially available anti- ⁇ -actin antibodies and anti-neurofilament antibodies.
- the step of “detecting or quantifying the anti-GAP43 antibody bound to the test sample” in the immunological analysis method of the present invention is detected or quantified by a label such as an anti-GAP43 antibody or a secondary antibody bound to the test sample.
- the anti-GAP43 antibody may be labeled with a low molecular ligand such as biotin, an enzyme, a radioisotope, a dye, a fluorescent dye, or the like.
- a low molecular ligand such as biotin, an enzyme, a radioisotope, a dye, a fluorescent dye, or the like.
- a secondary antibody against the anti-GAP43 antibody or a biopolymer such as avidin that specifically binds to a low molecular ligand such as biotin is labeled with an enzyme, radioisotope, dye, fluorescent dye, etc.
- the enzyme is peroxidase (POD), beta-galactosidase ( ⁇ -Gal), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or the like.
- the enzyme is generally used in combination with an appropriate substrate.
- the detecting step may include a step of exposing to an imaging plate, a step of photographing with a CCD camera, or a step of observing with a microscope.
- the step of quantifying includes a step of preparing a calibration curve in which the amount of anti-GAP43 antibody bound to a test sample having a known concentration or amount is plotted, and a test sample having an unknown concentration or amount using the calibration curve. And calculating the concentration or amount of the test sample from the amount of the anti-GAP43 antibody bound to.
- the step of detecting or quantifying may include a step of removing the anti-GAP43 antibody and other antibodies that have not bound to the test sample by washing.
- the reference value can be calculated by statistical processing well known to those skilled in the art.
- the reference value may be determined as an average value of the amount of anti-GAP43 antibody bound to a test sample prepared from a particular population.
- the population used in this case may be a normal test animal or a test animal in which nerves have been regenerated. It is preferable that the test animal of the said population and the test animal to be evaluated have the same species, age and sex.
- the step of “detecting or quantifying the anti-GAP43 antibody bound to the test sample” in the immunological analysis method of the present invention may be carried out by various techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- the method includes, but is not limited to, an ELISA method, a Western blot method, a surface plasmon resonance method, a latex agglutination method, an immunohistochemistry method, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method uses an optical phenomenon to fine-tune a specific interaction on a solid support between a molecule immobilized on the solid support and a molecule that is an interaction partner. A method of measuring as a mass change.
- a system for carrying out the SPR method for example, a BIAcore system (BIAcore, GE Healthcare Japan Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- the latex agglutination method uses a spectrophotometer to measure the degree of agglomeration reaction of fine particles according to the amount of antibody bound to fine particles or nanoparticles such as latex as a solid support as the change in turbidity. The technique to do.
- the kit for carrying out the immunological analysis method of the present invention may contain a control sample having a known concentration or amount for preparing a calibration curve in addition to the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention.
- the control sample may be GAP43, a mutant or polypeptide thereof, or a fusion protein containing at least a part of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 and phosphorylating a specific serine residue or threonine residue.
- the specific serine residue and threonine residue are the 86th serine residue (S86), 89th threonine residue (T89), 95th threonine residue (T95), 96th mouse GAP43.
- the kit for carrying out the immunological analysis method of the present invention may further contain a reagent for detecting or quantifying the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention.
- the reagent examples include a reagent appropriately selected according to the method for detecting or quantifying the anti-GAP43 antibody, and examples thereof include a buffer solution such as a phosphate buffer as a diluent, and a color former. .
- the present invention provides an immunological analyzer for GAP43, which is configured to execute the immunological analysis method.
- the apparatus includes a detection unit such as an optical microscope, a fluorescence microscope, an electron microscope, a CCD camera, a measurement unit such as a spectrophotometer, a fluorescence spectrophotometer, a surface plasmon resonance measuring instrument, a reagent, a cleaning liquid and / or a sample injection and A dispenser unit for removal, a multi-well plate for ELISA, a robot arm unit for handling a sensor chip for surface plasmon resonance, a control unit for controlling them, and the like are included.
- a detection unit such as an optical microscope, a fluorescence microscope, an electron microscope, a CCD camera
- a measurement unit such as a spectrophotometer, a fluorescence spectrophotometer, a surface plasmon resonance measuring instrument, a reagent, a cleaning liquid and / or a sample injection
- a dispenser unit for removal for removal,
- the phosphorylated polypeptide No. 3 contains the amino acid sequence of 14 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the ninth threonine residue is phosphorylated (hereinafter referred to as “GAP43 pT172”). Met.
- the phosphorylated polypeptide No. 4 includes the amino acid sequence of 13 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, and a polypeptide in which the eighth threonine residue is phosphorylated (hereinafter referred to as “GAP43 pT172 (# 2)”). ").
- the phosphorylated polypeptide No. 5 includes the amino acid sequence of 13 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, and the eighth serine residue is phosphorylated (hereinafter referred to as “GAP43 pS142”). Met.
- the phosphorylated polypeptide No. 6 includes the amino acid sequence of 14 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the ninth serine residue is phosphorylated (hereinafter referred to as “GAP43 pS145”). Met.
- the phosphorylated polypeptide No. 7 includes the amino acid sequence of 14 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, and the eighth threonine residue is phosphorylated (hereinafter referred to as “GAP43 pT171”). Met.
- the phosphorylated polypeptide No. 8 includes the amino acid sequence of 13 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the eighth serine residue is phosphorylated (hereinafter referred to as “GAP43 pS86”). Met.
- the phosphorylated polypeptide No. 9 includes the amino acid sequence of 13 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the eighth threonine residue is phosphorylated (hereinafter referred to as “GAP43 pT95”). Met.
- the phosphorylated polypeptide No. 10 includes the amino acid sequence of 13 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the eighth serine residue is phosphorylated (hereinafter referred to as “GAP43 pS103”). Met.
- the phosphorylated polypeptide No. 11 includes the amino acid sequence of 13 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the eighth serine residue is phosphorylated (hereinafter referred to as “GAP43 pS128”). Met.
- the phosphorylated polypeptide No. 12 includes the amino acid sequence of 13 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the eighth serine residue is phosphorylated (hereinafter referred to as “GAP43 pS192”). Met.
- the antiserum was affinity purified by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Briefly, the antiserum was desalted with a PD-10 column (catalog number 54805, Sigma Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd.) and mixed with a carrier (Sigma Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd.) on which the phosphorylated polypeptide was immobilized. It was mixed with TOYOPEARL AF-Tresyl-6504B carrier (catalog number 14471, Tosoh Corporation) on which the phosphorylated polypeptide was immobilized. After mixing, the precipitated carrier was washed with phosphate buffered saline (hereinafter referred to as “PBS”).
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the antibody was eluted with 0.1 M glycine hydrochloride buffer (pH 2.5) and neutralized with 1 M Tris hydrochloride buffer (pH 8.0).
- the antibody was prepared in PBS / 50% glycerol / 15 ppm procrine solution and stored at ⁇ 20 ° C.
- GAP43 pT89, GAP43 pS96, GAP43 pT172, GAP43 pT172 (# 2), GAP43 pS142, GAP43 pS145, GAP43 pT171, GAP43 pS86, GAP43 pT95, GAP43 pS103, GAP43 pS43, GAP43 pS43, GAP43 pS43 Anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody, anti-GAP43 pS142 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS145 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT171 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS86 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT95 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS103 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS128 antibody, and anti-G That P43 pS192 antibody.
- Anti-GAP43 pS86 antibody (0.7 ⁇ g / mL), anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody (0.35 ⁇ g / mL), anti-GAP43 pT95 antibody (0.09 ⁇ g / mL), anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody (0.5 ⁇ g / mL), anti-GAP43 pS103 antibody (0.6 ⁇ g / mL), anti-GAP43 pS128 antibody (1.26 ⁇ g / mL), anti-GAP43 pS142 antibody (1.37 ⁇ g / mL), anti-GAP43 pS145 antibody (0.75 ⁇ g / mL), anti-GAP43 pT171 antibody (0.78 ⁇ g / mL), anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody (0.26 ⁇ g / mL), anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody (0.37 ⁇ g / mL), and anti-GAP43 pS192
- Anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody, anti-GAP43 pS142 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS145 Antibody, anti-GAP43 pT171 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS86 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT95 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS103 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS128 antibody and anti-GAP43 pS192 antibody are respectively GAP43 pT89, GAP43 pS96, GAP43 pT172P, GAP43 pT172P 2), GAP43 pS142, GAP43 pS145, GAP43 pT171, GAP43 pS86, GAP43 pT95, GAP43 pS103, GAP43 p 128, and, while having a
- FIG. 1 is a western blot photograph showing the results of an anti-GAP43 antibody cross-reaction experiment with a sample derived from rat growth cone particles (GCP).
- GCP rat growth cone particles
- Anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS145 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT171 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS142 antibody, and anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody are specific crosslinks for GCP. Has reactivity.
- the anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, the anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, and the anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody had particularly strong cross-reactivity.
- the anti-GAP43 pS86 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT95 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS103 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS128 antibody, and anti-GAP43 pS192 antibody did not have specific cross-reactivity with GCP (data not shown) .)
- anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS145 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT171 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS142 antibody, and anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody, respectively. was shown to have specific cross-reactivity to GCP. Therefore, it was suggested that the antibody can discriminate between GAP43 in which a specific serine residue or threonine residue is not phosphorylated and GAP43 in which a specific serine residue or threonine residue is phosphorylated.
- a fusion protein (hereinafter referred to as “EGFP-GAP43 S96A”) with a variant in which the alanine residue (A) is substituted from the group (S), or (3) the 96th amino acid residue of EGFP and GAP43 Either a fusion protein with a mutant in which a serine residue (S) is replaced with an aspartic acid residue (D) (hereinafter referred to as “EGFP-GAP43 S96D”), or (4) EGFP and the 172nd amino acid of GAP43 A fusion protein (hereinafter referred to as “EGFP-GAP”) in which a residue is substituted from a threonine residue (T) to an alanine residue (A) 3 T172A ”) or (5) a fusion protein of EGFP and a mutant in which the 172nd amino acid residue of GAP43 is substituted from a threonine residue (T) to an aspartic acid residue (D) (hereinafter referred to as“ 3T
- FLAG-GAP43 S96A FLAG and the 96th amino acid of GAP43 A fusion protein in which a residue is substituted from a serine residue (S) to an alanine residue (A), or (8) FLAG and the 96th position of GAP43 A fusion protein (hereinafter referred to as “FLAG”) with a mutant in which the amino acid residue of is substituted with a serine residue (S) aspartic acid residue (D) -GAP43 S96D ") or (9) a fusion protein of FLAG and a mutant in which the 172nd amino acid residue of GAP43 is replaced with an alanine residue (A) from a threonine residue (T) (hereinafter referred to as" GAP43 S96D "
- FLAG-GAP43 T172A (“FLAG-GAP43 T172A”)) or (10) Fusion protein of FLAG and a mutant in which the 172nd amino acid residue of GAP43 is substituted from a threonine residue (T) to an aspartic acid residue (D) (Hereinafter referred to as “FLAG-GAP43 T172D”).
- a cell lysate containing either maxGFP or the fusion protein was prepared from COS-7 cells transfected with the expression vector.
- a cell lysate prepared from PC12D cells (hereinafter referred to as “PC12D”) prepared from GCP and PC12D cells which are undifferentiated neurons, and a cell lysate prepared from PC12D cells stimulated with nerve growth factor (NGF).
- PC12D PC12D cells
- NGF nerve growth factor
- PC12D / NGF (+) PC12D / NGF (+)
- COS-7 cell lysate prepared from untransfected COS-7 cells
- a commercially available anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody (catalog number G9264, Sigma-Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd.)
- the anti-GAP43 antibody prepared in Example 1 was used as the primary antibody.
- a peroxidase-labeled sheep anti-mouse IgG antibody (catalog number NA931, GE Healthcare Japan, Inc.) was used.
- FIG. 2 is a western blot photograph showing the results of mouse GAP43 fusion protein expression detection experiments. Expression of EGFP-GAP43 S96A, EGFP-GAP43 S96D, EGFP-GAP43 T172A, and EGFP-GAP43 T172D in COS-7 cells was confirmed.
- FIG. 3 is a Western blot photograph showing the results of the cross-reaction experiment (1) of anti-GAP43 antibody against various samples.
- the anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody was cross-reactive with GCP, EGFP-GAP43 S96A, EGFP-GAP43 S96D, EGFP-GAP43 T172A, and EGFP-GAP43 T172D, while PC12D, COS-7, and maxGFP. There was no cross-reactivity.
- FIG. 4 is a western blot photograph showing the results of an anti-GAP43 antibody cross-reaction experiment (2) for various samples.
- the anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody was cross-reactive with GCP, EGFP-GAP43, and EGFP-GAP43 S96A.
- the anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody had cross-reactivity with GCP and EGFP-GAP43, but did not have cross-reactivity with EGFP-GAP43 S96A.
- the anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody and the anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody had cross-reactivity with PC12D / NGF (+) (data not shown).
- FIG. 5 is a western blot photograph showing the results of cross-reaction experiments of anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody on various samples.
- the anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody has cross-reactivity with FLAG-GAP43, FLAG-GAP43 S96A and FLAG-GAP43 S96D, while it has cross-reactivity with FLAG-GAP43 T172A and FLAG-GAP43 T172D. There wasn't.
- the anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody was found to have GAP43 in which the 96th serine residue or 172nd threonine residue is not phosphorylated and the 96th serine residue or 172nd It was shown that threonine residues cannot be distinguished from phosphorylated GAP43. In contrast, it was shown that the anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody can discriminate between GAP43 in which the 96th serine residue is not phosphorylated and GAP43 in which the 96th serine residue is phosphorylated.
- the anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody can discriminate between GAP43 in which the 172nd threonine residue is not phosphorylated and GAP43 in which the 172nd threonine residue is phosphorylated.
- each of the anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS145 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT171 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS142 antibody, and anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody has GCP-specific cross-reactivity, the 89th The threonine residue, the 145th serine residue, the 171st threonine residue, the 142nd serine residue, or the 172nd threonine residue which is not phosphorylated, and the 89th It is suggested that the threonine residue, the 145th serine residue, the 171st threonine residue, the 142nd serine residue, or the 172nd threonine residue can be distinguished from phosphorylated GAP43. It was done.
- the cover glass was placed in a culture dish (catalog number 353002, Nippon Becton Dickinson Co., Ltd.), and the cells were B27 supplement (catalog number 0050129SA, Invitrogen, Life Technologies Japan Co., Ltd.), glutamine-penicillin-streptomycin mixed solution (Neurobasal Medium, Catalog No. 21103-049, Invitrogen, Life Technologies Japan, Inc.) containing (Catalog No. G6784, Sigma Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd.) at 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 and saturated steam atmosphere Incubated for 3 days.
- DRG rat dorsal root ganglion
- the cover glass was placed in a culture dish (catalog number 353002, Nippon Becton Dickinson Co., Ltd.), and the cells were B27 supplement (catalog number 0050129SA, Invitrogen, Life Technologies Japan Co., Ltd.), glutamine-penicillin-streptomycin mixed solution (Neurobasal Medium, Catalog No. 21103-049, Invitrogen, Life Technologies Japan, Inc.) containing (Catalog No. G6784, Sigma Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd.) at 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 and saturated steam atmosphere Incubated for 3 days.
- Example 2 For staining, 12 types of anti-GAP43 antibodies prepared in Example 1, as a primary antibody, a commercially available anti-phosphorylated GAP43pS41 polyclonal antibody (catalog number G8043, Sigma-Aldrich Japan), anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody, and anti- ⁇ -Tubulin monoclonal antibody (Cat. No. T9026, Sigma Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd.) was used at a dilution of 100 to 500 times. As secondary antibodies, Alexa488 fluorescently labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (Catalog No. A11034, Invitrogen, Life Technologies Japan) and Alexa568 fluorescently labeled goat anti-mouse antibody (Catalog No.
- the upper left is an anti-GAP43S41 antibody
- the middle is an anti-microtubule antibody that recognizes the entire growth cone and axon (microtubulin antibody (catalog number MAB3408, Chemicon))
- the right shows its merged image
- the lower The left shows an anti-GAP43pT171 antibody
- the center shows an anti-microtubule antibody
- the right shows its merged image.
- Merge means superposition of double-stained images of a phosphorylated antibody and another antibody, respectively.
- the upper part of FIG. 8 shows the results using the anti-GAP43pS96 antibody
- the lower part shows the results using the anti-GAP43pS171 antibody
- the left side is a phase contrast microscopic image
- the right side is a fluorescent microscopic image.
- FIG. 6 is a fluorescence micrograph of rat cerebral cortical neurons stained immunocytochemically with various anti-GAP43 antibodies.
- the anti-GAP43pS41 polyclonal antibody and the anti-GAP43 pT171 antibody reacted with the whole nerve cells (see the lower part of FIG. 6).
- the anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, the anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, and the anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody reacted specifically in the growth cone located at the tip of the nerve cell, particularly in the central region.
- FIG. 7 is a fluorescence micrograph of rat cerebral cortical neurons stained immunocytochemically with anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody and anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody. The anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody reacted with the whole nerve cells including dendrites.
- FIG. 8 is a fluorescence micrograph of rat spinal dorsal root ganglion cells immunocytochemically stained with anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody. The anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody reacted specifically in the central region of the ganglion cell growth cone.
- the 41st is a serine residue
- the 89th is a threonine residue
- the 96th is a serine residue
- the 171st is a threonine residue
- the 172nd is a threonine residue. It is a group.
- the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 12 are conserved in rat GAP43.
- the phosphorylated GAP43-specific antibody of this example was predicted to react not only with mouse GAP43 but also with rat GAP43. This prediction was confirmed from the experimental results of this example.
- the anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, the anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, and the anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody can specifically detect the growth cone as compared with the anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody.
- GAP43 phosphorylated at the 89th threonine residue, the 96th serine residue, or the 172nd threonine residue is localized in the growth cone of the nerve cell.
- GAP43 in which the 172nd threonine residue was phosphorylated was localized in the growth cone, and GAP43 in which the 171st threonine residue was phosphorylated was present in all neurons.
- the phosphorylation of GAP43 is strictly controlled so that nerve cells correctly extend axons and correctly form synapses. Particularly in the growth cone, phosphorylation of the 89th threonine residue, the 96th serine residue, and the 172nd threonine residue of GAP43 is the phosphorylation of the 41st serine residue of GAP43. It was suggested that it is more important. It was also suggested that the anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody that recognizes the same phosphorylated threonine as the anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody can also specifically detect the growth cone.
- peripheral nerve regeneration model mice peripheral nerve regeneration model mice
- Generation of a peripheral nerve regeneration model mouse was performed by a method well known to those skilled in the art. Briefly, a mouse (C57BL6J, male, 8 weeks old, Nippon Charles River Co., Ltd.) was incised at the ankle joint portion under anesthesia, and bypass grafting was performed for the myofascial nerve to the ulnar nerve. Immunohistochemical staining analysis was performed 7 days after treatment.
- mice Pregnant mice (Slc: ICR, female, 15 and 12 days of gestation, SLC Japan, Inc.) were incised under anesthesia, and the fetus was removed.
- Frozen tissue sections were prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Briefly, after spinal cord injury treatment and dorsal root ganglion injury treatment, or after the fetus was removed, the mice were fixed by perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde / PBS (PFA solution). The spinal cord injury site and the dorsal root ganglion injury site were removed and fixed with PFA solution. The fixed site was replaced with a sucrose solution and embedded with a frozen tissue embedding agent (Tissue-tek OCT compound, catalog number 4583, Sakura Finetech Japan Co., Ltd.). A section having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was prepared by a frozen section preparation apparatus (Cryostat, Leica Microsystems), and placed on a glass slide coated with gelatin.
- Immunohistochemical staining was performed according to the method described in Example 3.
- Anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody and anti-GAP43 pS41 antibody were used as primary antibodies.
- Alexa 488 fluorescence-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody catalog number A11034, Invitrogen, Life Technologies Japan Co., Ltd.
- Alexa568 fluorescence-labeled goat anti-mouse antibody catalog number A11031, Invitrogen, Life Technologies Japan Co., Ltd.
- anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody In experiments on the developing fetal brain, anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody and anti-GAP43 pS41 antibody were used as primary antibodies.
- Biotin-labeled horse anti-mouse antibody catalog number BA-2001, VECTOR Laboratories
- biotin-labeled sheep anti-rabbit antibody catalog number BA-1000, VECTOR Laboratories
- FIG. 9 shows immunohistochemistry analysis of the musculoskeletal nerve bypass-transplanted to the ulnar nerve and regeneration from the transplanted nerve within the ulna nerve one week after transplantation. It is a photograph. When stained with an anti-NF (neurofilament (intermediate fiber)) antibody, all nerves are recognized. Some nerves contain regenerative nerves from the myocutaneous nerves, but anti-NF antibodies recognize all nerve fibers and cannot catch only regenerative nerves. Of these, anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody correctly recognized only the regenerated nerve and reacted. The enlarged photograph also responded to the regenerating nerve from the myocutaneous nerve in the shape of elongation.
- NF neuroofilament (intermediate fiber)
- FIG. 10 is a fluorescence micrograph of the spinal cord injury site on the 21st day after injury stained with anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody and anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody. .
- the anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody reacted to nerve cells at the non-injured site and the damaged site.
- the anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody did not react with nerve cells at the uninjured site, but reacted with nerve cells at the injured site.
- FIG. 11 is a photomicrograph of the spinal cord injury site 7 days after spinal cord injury immunohistochemically stained with anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS41 antibody and anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody.
- Anti-GAP43 pS41 antibody does not react to the nerve cells at the site of injury.
- Anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody and anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody reacted to the nerve cells at the injury site.
- FIG. 12 shows developmental fetal brain A: embryonic stage 15 immunohistochemically stained with anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS41 antibody and anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody.
- Thalamic cerebral cortex of day, B photomicrograph of olfactory nerve on embryonic day 12.
- the anti-GAP43 pS41 antibody does not react to the A and B neural circuits.
- Anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody and anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody reacted vigorously with the A and B neural circuits.
- FIG. 13 is a Western blot photograph showing the results of a cross-reaction experiment of anti-GAP43 antibodies against rhesus monkeys.
- Anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody had strong cross-reactivity to the rhesus monkey visual cortex.
- the anti-GAP43 pT96 antibody did not have specific cross-reactivity with rhesus monkeys.
- the experimental results of this example showed that neurons in the regeneration process of the central nerve and peripheral nerve can be selectively detected by the anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, but not selectively by the anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody.
- the anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody and anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody that specifically react with the growth cone and the anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody that recognizes the same phosphorylated threonine as the anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody are the anti-GAP43 pS96. Similar to antibodies, it was suggested that neurons in the development and regeneration processes can be selectively detected.
- the anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody and the anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody were found to have GAP43 in which the 96th serine residue or the 172nd threonine residue is not phosphorylated and the 96th serine. It was shown that the residue or the 172nd threonine residue can be distinguished from phosphorylated GAP43.
- anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS142 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS145 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT171 antibody, and anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody each have specific cross-reactivity with GCP, GAP43 in which the 89th threonine residue, the 142nd serine residue, the 145th serine residue, the 171st threonine residue, or the 172nd threonine residue is not phosphorylated, Distinguishes from 89th threonine residue, 142nd serine residue, 145th serine residue, 171st threonine residue, or GAP43 phosphorylated at 172nd threonine residue it can.
- anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, and anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody react specifically with the growth cone as compared with anti-GAP43 monoclonal antibody.
- anti-GAP43 pT89 antibody, anti-GAP43 pS96 antibody, anti-GAP43 pT172 antibody, and anti-GAP43 pT172 (# 2) antibody can detect neurons in the process of development and regeneration of the central nerve and peripheral nerve. Therefore, the anti-GAP43 antibody of the present invention and the immunological analysis method using the antibody are useful for quantitatively evaluating nerve development and / or regeneration.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の課題は、成長円錐を特異的に検出できる抗体と、該抗体を利用する免疫学的分析方法とを提供することである。
前記キットは、本発明の前述した3種の抗体からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの抗GAP43抗体と、前記抗GAP43抗体を検出又は定量するための試薬と、を含む場合がある。
本発明は、本発明の上述した3種の抗体からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの抗GAP43抗体の、成長円錐の検出方法における使用を提供する。
また、本明細書において「~」を用いて示された数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値及び最大値として含む範囲を示す。
また、本発明において、組成物中の各成分の量は、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
本明細書において、用語「非リン酸化ポリペプチド」とは、リン酸化されていないアミノ酸残基のみを含むポリペプチドを意味し、用語「リン酸化ポリペプチド」とは、リン酸化されているアミノ酸残基を少なくとも1つ含むポリペプチドを意味する。
配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第89番目のスレオニン残基(T89)と、リン酸化された第89番目のスレオニン残基(pT89)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な、抗GAP43抗体と、
配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第96番目のセリン残基(S96)と、リン酸化された第96番目のセリン残基(pS96)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な、抗GAP43抗体と、
配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第172番目のスレオニン残基(T172)と、リン酸化された第172番目のスレオニン残基(pT172)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な、抗GAP43抗体。
本発明では、上述したこれらの3種の抗GAP43抗体(以下、特に断らない限り、これらの3種を総称して「本発明の抗GAP43抗体」と表記することがある)は、T86、S96又はT172がリン酸化されたGAP43を特異的に認識することができるので、本発明の抗GAP43抗体の結合状態に基づいて神経の発生及び/又は再生を評価することができる。
以下、本発明について説明する。
1 材料及び方法
1.1 ポリペプチドの入手
非リン酸化ポリペプチド12種類と、リン酸化ポリペプチド12種類とがシグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社から購入された。前記非リン酸化ポリペプチド12種類のアミノ酸配列は、配列番号1ないし12に列挙される。リン酸化ポリペプチド12種類それぞれについては以下に説明される。
リン酸化ポリペプチド第1番は、配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸残基14個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第9番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pT89」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第2番は、配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸残基13個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第8番目のセリン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pS96」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第3番は、配列番号3に示されるアミノ酸残基14個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第9番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pT172」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第4番は、配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸残基13個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第8番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pT172(♯2)」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第5番は、配列番号5に示されるアミノ酸残基13個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第8番目のセリン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pS142」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第6番は、配列番号6に示されるアミノ酸残基14個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第9番目のセリン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pS145」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第7番は、配列番号7に示されるアミノ酸残基14個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第8番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pT171」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第8番は、配列番号8に示されるアミノ酸残基13個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第8番目のセリン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pS86」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第9番は、配列番号9に示されるアミノ酸残基13個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第8番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pT95」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第10番は、配列番号10に示されるアミノ酸残基13個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第8番目のセリン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pS103」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第11番は、配列番号11に示されるアミノ酸残基13個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第8番目のセリン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pS128」という。)であった。リン酸化ポリペプチド第12番は、配列番号12に示されるアミノ酸残基13個のアミノ酸配列を含み、第8番目のセリン残基がリン酸化されたポリペプチド(以下、「GAP43 pS192」という。)であった。
12種類のペプチド抗原が、当業者に周知の方法に従って作製された。簡潔には、12種類のポリペプチド抗原は、それぞれ、m-マレイミドベンゾイル-N-ヒドロキシサクシンイミドエステル(MBS)(カタログ番号M2786、シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)を用いてスカシ貝ヘモシアニン(KLH)(カタログ番号H7017、シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)と結合された。
初回免疫では、前記ペプチド抗原200μgがフロイント完全アジュバント(FCA)(カタログ番号F5881、シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)と混合され、ウサギに投与された。初回免疫後、GAP43 pT89、GAP43 pS96、GAP43 pS145、GAP43 pT171、及び、GAP43 pT172についてのペプチド抗原100μgが、フロイント不完全アジュバント(以下、「FIA」という。)(カタログ番号F5506、シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)と混合され、7日毎に投与された。採血が初回免疫から49日後に行われ、抗血清が得られた。初回免疫後、GAP43 pS86、GAP43 pT95、GAP43 pS103、GAP43 pS128、GAP43 pS142、GAP43 pT172(♯2)、及び、GAP43 pS192についてのペプチド抗原100μgがFIAと混合され、14日毎に投与された。採血が初回免疫から84日後に行われ、抗血清が得られた。
前記抗血清は、当業者に周知な方法でアフィニティー精製された。簡潔には、前記抗血清はPD-10カラム(カタログ番号54805、シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)で脱塩され、前記リン酸化ポリペプチドを固定化した担体(シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)と混合された。前記リン酸化ポリペプチドを固定化したTOYOPEARL AF-Tresyl-6504B担体(カタログ番号14471、東ソー株式会社)と混合された。混合後、沈降した担体はリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(以下、「PBS」という。)で洗浄された。抗体は0.1M グリシン塩酸緩衝液(pH 2.5)で溶出され、1M トリス塩酸緩衝液(pH 8.0)で中和された。前記抗体はPBS/50%グリセロール/15ppmプロクリン溶液で調製され、-20℃で保存された。以下、GAP43 pT89、GAP43 pS96、GAP43 pT172、GAP43 pT172(♯2)、GAP43 pS142、GAP43 pS145、GAP43 pT171、GAP43 pS86、GAP43 pT95、GAP43 pS103、GAP43 pS128、及び、GAP43 pS192についてのペプチド抗原に対する抗GAP43抗体それぞれを、抗GAP43 pT89抗体、抗GAP43 pS96抗体、抗GAP43 pT172抗体、抗GAP43 pT172(♯2)抗体、抗GAP43 pS142抗体、抗GAP43 pS145抗体、抗GAP43 pT171抗体、抗GAP43 pS86抗体、抗GAP43 pT95抗体、抗GAP43 pS103抗体、抗GAP43 pS128抗体、及び、抗GAP43 pS192抗体という。
抗GAP43抗体の交叉反応性がELISA法で調べられた。簡潔には、前記非リン酸化ポリペプチド12種類と、前記リン酸化ポリペプチド12種類とが、それぞれ、マルチウェルプレートに添加され、前記プレート上に固定化された。ブロッキング後、前記抗GAP43抗体が、それぞれ、一次抗体として前記プレートに添加された。その後、ペルオキシダーゼ標識ヤギ抗ウサギIgG抗体が二次抗体として添加された。基質溶液の添加後、吸光度(405nm)がマイクロプレートリーダーによって測定された。
GAP43に対する抗GAP43抗体それぞれの交叉反応性がウエスタンブロット法で調べられた。前記ウエスタンブロット法は、当業者に周知の標準的な方法に従って実施された。簡潔には、ラット新生仔の前脳の成長円錐画分(2μg/mL、50μL)(以下、「GCP」という。)が用いられた。一次抗体の抗GAP43ウサギ抗体のそれぞれの最終濃度は以下のとおりであった。抗GAP43 pS86抗体(0.7μg/mL)、抗GAP43 pT89抗体(0.35μg/mL)、抗GAP43 pT95抗体(0.09μg/mL)、抗GAP43 pS96抗体(0.5μg/mL)、抗GAP43 pS103抗体(0.6μg/mL)、抗GAP43 pS128抗体(1.26μg/mL)、抗GAP43 pS142抗体(1.37μg/mL)、抗GAP43 pS145抗体(0.75μg/mL)、抗GAP43 pT171抗体(0.78μg/mL)、抗GAP43 pT172抗体(0.26μg/mL)、抗GAP43 pT172(#2)抗体(0.37μg/mL)、及び、抗GAP43 pS192抗体(0.08μg/mL)。0.156μg/mLのペルオキシダーゼ標識ロバ抗ウサギIgG抗体(カタログ番号NA934、GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社)が二次抗体として用いられた。検出は、ECLウエスタンブロッティング検出試薬(カタログ番号RPN2108、GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社)を用いて実施された。
2.1 ELISA法を用いた抗GAP43抗体の特異性の評価
抗GAP43 pT89抗体、抗GAP43 pS96抗体、抗GAP43 pT172抗体、抗GAP43 pT172(♯2)抗体、抗GAP43 pS142抗体、抗GAP43 pS145抗体、抗GAP43 pT171抗体、抗GAP43 pS86抗体、抗GAP43 pT95抗体、抗GAP43 pS103抗体、抗GAP43 pS128抗体、及び、抗GAP43 pS192抗体は、それぞれ、GAP43 pT89、GAP43 pS96、GAP43 pT172、GAP43 pT172(♯2)、GAP43 pS142、GAP43 pS145、GAP43 pT171、GAP43 pS86、GAP43 pT95、GAP43 pS103、GAP43 pS128、及び、GAP43 pS192に対して交叉反応性を有する一方、非リン酸化ポリペプチドに対して交叉反応性を有さなかった(データは示されない。)。したがって、前記抗体全ては、非リン酸化ポリペプチドと、リン酸化ポリペプチドとを明確に識別できることが示された。
図1は、ラット成長円錐粒子由来の試料(GCP)に対する抗GAP43抗体の交叉反応実験の結果を示すウエスタンブロット写真である。抗GAP43 pS96抗体、抗GAP43 pT172抗体、抗GAP43 pT89抗体、抗GAP43 pS145抗体、抗GAP43 pT171抗体、抗GAP43 pS142抗体、及び、抗GAP43 pT172(♯2)抗体は、GCPに対して特異的な交叉反応性を有した。また、抗GAP43 pS96抗体、抗GAP43 pT172抗体、及び、抗GAP43 pT172(♯2)抗体は、特に強い交叉反応性を有した。なお、抗GAP43 pS86抗体、抗GAP43 pT95抗体、抗GAP43 pS103抗体、抗GAP43 pS128抗体、及び、抗GAP43 pS192抗体は、GCPに対して特異的な交叉反応性を有さなかった(データは示されない。)。
1 材料及び方法
抗GAP43 pS96抗体及び抗GAP43 pT172抗体の性状が、実施例1に記載のウエスタンブロット法で解析された。緑色蛍光タンパク質(maxGFP)か、マウスGAP43の融合タンパク質かをエンコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクターがCOS-7細胞にトランスフェクションされた。前記融合タンパク質は、(1)緑色蛍光タンパク質(EGFP)及びGAP43の融合タンパク質(以下、「EGFP-GAP43」という。)か、(2)EGFPと、GAP43の第96番目のアミノ酸残基をセリン残基(S)からアラニン残基(A)に置換した変異体との融合タンパク質(以下、「EGFP-GAP43 S96A」という。)か、(3)EGFPと、GAP43の第96番目のアミノ酸残基をセリン残基(S)からアスパラギン酸残基(D)に置換した変異体との融合タンパク質(以下、「EGFP-GAP43 S96D」という。)か、(4)EGFPと、GAP43の第172番目のアミノ酸残基をスレオニン残基(T)からアラニン残基(A)に置換した変異体との融合タンパク質(以下、「EGFP-GAP43 T172A」という。)か、(5)EGFPと、GAP43の第172番目のアミノ酸残基をスレオニン残基(T)からアスパラギン酸残基(D)に置換した変異体との融合タンパク質(以下、「EGFP-GAP43 T172D」という。)か、(6)フラッグタグ(FLAG)及びGAP43の融合タンパク質(以下、「FLAG-GAP43」という。)か、(7)FLAGと、GAP43の第96番目のアミノ酸残基をセリン残基(S)からアラニン残基(A)に置換した変異体との融合タンパク質(以下、「FLAG-GAP43 S96A」という。)か、(8)FLAGと、GAP43の第96番目のアミノ酸残基をセリン残基(S)からアスパラギン酸残基(D)に置換した変異体との融合タンパク質(以下、「FLAG-GAP43 S96D」という。)か、(9)FLAGと、GAP43の第172番目のアミノ酸残基をスレオニン残基(T)からアラニン残基(A)に置換した変異体との融合タンパク質(以下、「FLAG-GAP43 T172A」という。)か、(10)FLAGと、GAP43の第172番目のアミノ酸残基をスレオニン残基(T)からアスパラギン酸残基(D)に置換した変異体との融合タンパク質(以下、「FLAG-GAP43 T172D」という。)かであった。前記maxGFPか、前記融合タンパク質かを含む細胞溶解液が、前記発現ベクターをトランスフェクションしたCOS-7細胞から調製された。なお、GCPと、未分化神経細胞であるPC12D細胞から調製された細胞溶解液(以下、「PC12D」という。)と、神経成長因子(NGF)で刺激されたPC12D細胞から調製された細胞溶解液(以下、「PC12D/NGF(+)」という。)と、トランスフェクションされていないCOS-7細胞から調製された細胞溶解液(以下、「COS-7」という。)とが対照として用いられた。EGFP-GAP43 S96A、EGFP-GAP43 S96D、EGFP-GAP43 T172A、及び、EGFP-GAP43 T172Dの発現を検出するために、最終濃度1μg/mLの抗EGFPモノクローナル抗体(カタログ番号M048-3、株式会社医学生物学研究所)が一次抗体として用いられ、最終濃度0.156μg/mLのペルオキシダーゼ標識ヒツジ抗マウスIgG抗体(カタログ番号NA931、GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社)が二次抗体として用いられた。EGFP-GAP43 S96A、EGFP-GAP43 S96D、EGFP-GAP43 T172A、及び、EGFP-GAP43 T172Dに対する交叉反応性を比較するために、市販の抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体(カタログ番号G9264、シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)と、実施例1で調製された抗GAP43抗体とが一次抗体として用いられた。前記抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体に対する二次抗体は、ペルオキシダーゼ標識ヒツジ抗マウスIgG抗体(カタログ番号NA931、GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社)が用いられた。
2.1 融合タンパク質の発現
図2は、マウスGAP43の融合タンパク質の発現検出実験の結果を示すウエスタンブロット写真である。COS-7細胞におけるEGFP-GAP43 S96A、EGFP-GAP43 S96D、EGFP-GAP43 T172A、及び、EGFP-GAP43 T172Dの発現が確認された。
図3は、さまざまな試料に対する抗GAP43抗体の交叉反応実験(1)の結果を示すウエスタンブロット写真である。抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体は、GCP、EGFP-GAP43 S96A、EGFP-GAP43 S96D、EGFP-GAP43 T172A、及び、EGFP-GAP43 T172Dに対して交叉反応性を有した一方、PC12D、COS-7、及び、maxGFPに対して交叉反応性を有さなかった。また、抗GAP43 pS96抗体は、GCP、EGFP-GAP43 T172A、及び、EGFP-GAP43 T172Dに対して交叉反応性を有した一方、PC12D、COS-7、maxGFP、EGFP-GAP43 S96A、及び、EGFP-GAP43 S96Dに対して交叉反応性を有さなかった。図4は、さまざまな試料に対する抗GAP43抗体の交叉反応実験(2)の結果を示すウエスタンブロット写真である。抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体は、GCP、EGFP-GAP43、及び、EGFP-GAP43 S96Aに対して交叉反応性を有した。抗GAP43 pS96抗体は、GCP及びEGFP-GAP43に対して交叉反応性を有した一方、EGFP-GAP43 S96Aに対して交叉反応性を有さなかった。なお、抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体及び抗GAP43 pS96抗体は、PC12D/NGF(+)に対して交叉反応性を有した(データは示されない。)。
図5は、さまざまな試料に対する抗GAP43 pT172抗体の交叉反応実験の結果を示すウエスタンブロット写真である。抗GAP43 pT172抗体は、FLAG-GAP43、FLAG-GAP43 S96A及びFLAG-GAP43 S96Dに対して交叉反応性を有した一方、FLAG-GAP43 T172A、及び、FLAG-GAP43 T172Dに対して交叉反応性を有さなかった。
これに対して、抗GAP43 pS96抗体は、第96番目のセリン残基がリン酸化されていないGAP43と、第96番目のセリン残基がリン酸化されたGAP43とを識別できることが示された。また、抗GAP43 pT172抗体は、第172番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されていないGAP43と、第172番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されたGAP43とを識別できることが示された。さらに、抗GAP43 pT89抗体、抗GAP43 pS145抗体、抗GAP43 pT171抗体、抗GAP43 pS142抗体、及び、抗GAP43 pT172(♯2)抗体それぞれは、GCPに特異的な交叉反応性を有するため、第89番目のスレオニン残基、第145番目のセリン残基、第171番目のスレオニン残基、第142番目のセリン残基、又は、第172番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されていないGAP43と、第89番目のスレオニン残基、第145番目のセリン残基、第171番目のスレオニン残基、第142番目のセリン残基、又は、第172番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されたGAP43とを識別できることが示唆された。
1 材料及び方法
1.1 ラット大脳皮質神経細胞の初代培養
大脳皮質神経細胞は、ラット(SDラット、雌、日本エスエルシー株式会社)の新生仔の脳から調製された。簡潔には、大脳皮質神経細胞が、細胞分散用試薬(Accumax(登録商標)、Innovative Cell Technologies, Inc.、フナコシ株式会社)で処理され、0.05%ポリエチレンイミン(カタログ番号P3143、シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)でコーティングしたカバーガラス上に播種された。前記カバーガラスは培養ディッシュ(カタログ番号353002、日本ベクトン・ディッキンソン株式会社)に載置され、前記細胞は、B27サプリメント(カタログ番号0050129SA、Invitrogen、ライフテクノロジーズジャパン株式会社)、グルタミン-ペニシリン-ストレプトマイシン混合溶液(カタログ番号G6784、シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)を含む市販培地(Neurobasal Medium、カタログ番号21103-049、Invitrogen、ライフテクノロジーズジャパン株式会社)を用いて、37℃、5%CO2及び飽和水蒸気雰囲気下で3日間培養された。
脊髄後根神経節細胞は、ラット(SDラット、雌及び雄、生後1日齢、日本エスエルシー株式会社)から調製された。簡潔には、頸椎から腰椎までが摘出され、脊髄後根神経節細胞が採取された。前記脊髄後根神経節細胞は、ポリL-リジン(カタログ番号P4832、シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)でコーティングしたカバーガラス上に播種された。前記カバーガラスは培養ディッシュ(カタログ番号353002、日本ベクトン・ディッキンソン株式会社)に載置され、前記細胞は、B27サプリメント(カタログ番号0050129SA、Invitrogen、ライフテクノロジーズジャパン株式会社)、グルタミン-ペニシリン-ストレプトマイシン混合溶液(カタログ番号G6784、シグマ アルドリッチ ジャパン株式会社)を含む市販培地(Neurobasal Medium、カタログ番号21103-049、Invitrogen、ライフテクノロジーズジャパン株式会社)を用いて、37℃、5%CO2及び飽和水蒸気雰囲気下で3日間培養された。
培養後、前記細胞はブアン固定液(飽和ピクリン酸水溶液:ホルマリン溶液=3:1<体積比>)で10分間固定された。PBSで洗浄後、前記細胞は、0.1%Triton X-100/PBSで10分間透過処理された。その後、免疫細胞化学染色が実施された。
結果を図6~図7に示す。図6において上段の左は抗GAP43S41抗体、中央は成長円錐と軸索全体を認識する抗微小管抗体(マイクロチュブリン抗体(カタログ番号MAB3408,ケミコン株式会社))、右はそのマージ像を示し、下段の左は抗GAP43pT171抗体、中央は抗微小管抗体、右はそのマージ像を示す。マージとは、それぞれリン酸化抗体と他の抗体との2重染色像の重ね合わせを意味する。図8の上段は、抗GAP43pS96抗体を用いた結果であり、下段は、抗GAP43pS171抗体を用いた結果であり、それぞれ、左側は位相差顕微鏡像であり、右側は蛍光顕微鏡写真像である。
2.1 ラット大脳皮質神経細胞の免疫細胞化学染色
図6は、さまざまな抗GAP43抗体で免疫細胞化学染色されたラット大脳皮質神経細胞の蛍光顕微鏡写真である。抗GAP43pS41ポリクローナル抗体及び抗GAP43 pT171抗体は、神経細胞全体に反応した(図6下段参照)。一方、抗GAP43 pS96抗体、抗GAP43 pT172抗体、及び、抗GAP43 pT89抗体は、神経細胞の先端に位置する成長円錐、特に中央域で特異的に反応した。
図8は、抗GAP43 pS96抗体で免疫細胞化学染色されたラット脊髄後根神経節細胞の蛍光顕微鏡写真である。抗GAP43 pS96抗体は、神経節細胞の成長円錐の中央域で特異的に反応した。
1 材料及び方法
1.1 脊髄損傷モデルマウスの作製(中枢神経損傷再生モデル)
脊髄損傷処置が当業者に周知な方法で実施された。簡潔には、マウス(C57BL6J、雄、8週齢、日本チャールス・リバー株式会社)は麻酔下で背部を切開され、脊椎が露出された。第8-11番胸椎(T8-11)の椎弓が電気ドリルで切除された。その後、市販の装置(IH Impactor、Precision Systems)を用いて、錘(2.5g)が2cm垂直上方から前記胸椎に3回落下され、脊髄が損傷された。免疫組織化学染色解析が、処置後21日目に実施された。脊髄損傷処置が施されていないマウスが、対照として用いられた。
末梢神経再生モデルマウス作成が当業者に周知な方法で実施された。簡潔には、マウス(C57BL6J、雄、8週齢、日本チャールス・リバー株式会社)は麻酔下で足関節部を切開され、筋皮神経を尺骨神経にバイパス移植が行われた。免疫組織化学染色解析が、処置後7日目に実施された。
妊娠マウス(Slc:ICR、雌、妊娠15日齢及び12日齢、日本エスエルシー株式会社)は麻酔下で切開され、胎児が摘出された。
凍結組織切片が当業者に周知な方法で作製された。簡潔には、脊髄損傷処置及び脊髄後根神経節損傷処置後、または胎仔が摘出された後、前記マウスは4%パラホルムアルデヒド/PBS(PFA液)で灌流固定された。脊髄損傷部位及び脊髄後根神経節損傷部位が摘出され、さらにPFA液で固定された。固定された前記部位はスクロース溶液で置換され、凍結組織包埋剤(Tissue-tek OCT compound、カタログ番号4583、サクラファインテックジャパン株式会社)で包埋された。厚さ10μmの切片が凍結切片作製装置(クリオスタット、ライカ マイクロシステムズ株式会社)によって作製され、ゼラチンでコーティングしたスライドガラスに載置された。
脊髄損傷モデルマウス実験では、免疫組織化学染色が実施例3に記載の方法に従って実施された。抗GAP43 pS96抗体と抗GAP43 pT172抗体、抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体及び抗GAP43 pS41抗体が一次抗体として用いられた。また、Alexa488蛍光標識ヤギ抗ウサギIgG抗体(カタログ番号A11034、Invitrogen、ライフテクノロジーズジャパン株式会社)と、Alexa568蛍光標識ヤギ抗マウス抗体(カタログ番号A11031、Invitrogen、ライフテクノロジーズジャパン株式会社)とが二次抗体として用いられた。
2.1 末梢神経再生モデルマウス実験の解析
図9は、尺骨神経にバイパス移植された筋皮神経が尺骨神経内に新しく移植神経からの再生する様子を移植後1週間にて免疫組織化学で解析した写真である。抗NF(ニューロフィラメント(中間径線維))抗体で染色をするとすべての神経を認識している。 一部の神経は筋皮神経からの再生神経を含んでいるが、抗NF抗体はすべての神経線維を認識するため再生神経のみをとらえることはできない。抗GAP43 pS96抗体ではこのうち再生神経のみを正しく認識し反応した。拡大写真からも伸長過程にある形状の筋皮神経からの再生神経に対して反応した。
図10は、抗GAP43 pS96抗体及び抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体で免疫組織化学染色された損傷後21日目の脊髄損傷部位の蛍光顕微鏡写真である。抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体は、非損傷部位及び損傷部位の神経細胞に反応した。抗GAP43 pS96抗体は、非損傷部位の神経細胞に反応しない一方、損傷部位の神経細胞に反応した。
図11は、抗GAP43 pS96抗体、抗GAP43 pT172抗体、 抗GAP43 pS41抗体および抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体で免疫組織化学染色された脊髄損傷後7日目の脊髄損傷部位の顕微鏡写真である。抗GAP43 pS41抗体は、損傷部位の神経細胞に反応しない。抗GAP43 pS96抗体、抗GAP43 pT172抗体は、損傷部位の神経細胞に反応した。
図12は抗GAP43 pS96抗体、抗GAP43 pT172抗体、 抗GAP43 pS41抗体および抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体で免疫組織化学染色された発生過程の胎児脳のA:胎生期15日目の視床大脳皮質路、B:胎生期12日目の嗅覚神経の顕微鏡写真である。抗GAP43 pS41抗体は、A,Bの神経回路に反応しない。抗GAP43 pS96抗体、抗GAP43 pT172抗体は、A,Bの神経回路に激しく反応した。
図13は、アカゲザルに対する抗GAP43抗体の交叉反応実験の結果を示すウエスタンブロット写真である。抗GAP43 pT172抗体は、アカゲザルの視覚野に対し強い交叉反応性を有した。なお、抗GAP43 pT96抗体は、アカゲザルに対して特異的な交叉反応性を有さなかった。
これらの実施例の実験結果から、抗GAP43 pS96抗体及び抗GAP43 pT172抗体は、第96番目のセリン残基又は第172番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されていないGAP43と、第96番目のセリン残基又は第172番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されたGAP43とを識別できることが示された。また、抗GAP43 pT89抗体、抗GAP43 pS142抗体、抗GAP43 pS145抗体、抗GAP43 pT171抗体、及び、抗GAP43 pT172(♯2)抗体は、それぞれ、GCPに対して特異的な交叉反応性を有するため、第89番目のスレオニン残基、第142番目のセリン残基、第145番目のセリン残基、第171番目のスレオニン残基、又は、第172番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されていないGAP43と、第89番目のスレオニン残基、第142番目のセリン残基、第145番目のセリン残基、第171番目のスレオニン残基、又は、第172番目のスレオニン残基がリン酸化されたGAP43とを識別できる。また、抗GAP43 pT89抗体、抗GAP43 pS96抗体、及び、抗GAP43 pT172抗体は、抗GAP43モノクローナル抗体と比較して、成長円錐に特異的に反応することが示された。さらに、抗GAP43 pT89抗体、抗GAP43 pS96抗体、抗GAP43 pT172抗体、及び、抗GAP43 pT172(♯2)抗体は、中枢神経及び末梢神経の発生・再生過程の神経細胞を検出できることが示唆された。したがって、本発明の抗GAP43抗体と、該抗体を利用する免疫学的分析方法とは、神経の発生及び/又は再生を定量的に評価するのに有用である。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に援用されて取り込まれる。
Claims (12)
- 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第89番目のスレオニン残基(T89)と、リン酸化された第89番目のスレオニン残基(pT89)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体。
- 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第96番目のセリン残基(S96)と、リン酸化された第96番目のセリン残基(pS96)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体。
- 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第172番目のスレオニン残基(T172)と、リン酸化された第172番目のスレオニン残基(pT172)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体。
- ポリクローナル抗体である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の抗GAP43抗体。
- モノクローナル抗体である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の抗GAP43抗体。
- (1)以下の抗体(A)~(C)からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの抗GAP43抗体と、被験試料とを準備することと、
(A) 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第89番目のスレオニン残基(T89)と、リン酸化された第89番目のスレオニン残基(pT89)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体;
(B) 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第96番目のセリン残基(S96)と、リン酸化された第96番目のセリン残基(pS96)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体;及び、
(C) 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第172番目のスレオニン残基(T172)と、リン酸化された第172番目のスレオニン残基(pT172)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体;
(2)前記抗GAP43抗体と、前記被験試料とを接触させることと、
(3)前記被験試料に結合した前記抗GAP43抗体を検出又は定量することと、
を含む、GAP43の免疫学的分析方法。 - 神経の発生及び/又は再生を評価するために用いられる、請求項6に記載の免疫学的分析方法。
- 前記被験試料に結合した前記抗GAP43抗体の検出又は定量は、ELISA法、ウエスタンブロット法、表面プラズモン共鳴法、ラテックス凝集法、及び免疫組織化学法からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の方法を利用することを含む請求項6又は請求項7に記載の免疫学的分析方法。
- 請求項5に記載のモノクローナル抗体を産生するハイブリドーマ。
- 請求項6~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の免疫学的分析方法を実行するためのキット。
- 以下の抗体(A)~(C)からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの抗GAP43抗体と、
(A) 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第89番目のスレオニン残基(T89)と、リン酸化された第89番目のスレオニン残基(pT89)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体;
(B) 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第96番目のセリン残基(S96)と、リン酸化された第96番目のセリン残基(pS96)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体;及び、
(C) 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第172番目のスレオニン残基(T172)と、リン酸化された第172番目のスレオニン残基(pT172)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体;
前記抗GAP43抗体を検出又は定量するための試薬と、
を含む請求項10に記載のキット。 - 以下の抗体(A)~(C)からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの抗GAP43抗体を含む、成長円錐を検出するための試薬:
(A) 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第89番目のスレオニン残基(T89)と、リン酸化された第89番目のスレオニン残基(pT89)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体;
(B) 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第96番目のセリン残基(S96)と、リン酸化された第96番目のセリン残基(pS96)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体;及び、
(C) 配列番号13に示されるマウスGAP43のリン酸化されていない第172番目のスレオニン残基(T172)と、リン酸化された第172番目のスレオニン残基(pT172)とを識別でき、成長円錐を特異的に検出可能な抗GAP43抗体。
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MERCKEN MARC ET AL.: "Immunocytochemical Detection of the Growth-Associated Protein B-50 by Newly Characterized Monoclonal Antibodies in Human Brain and Muscle", JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY, vol. 23, no. 3, 1992, pages 309 - 321, XP055149263 * |
See also references of EP2769988A4 |
SPENCER SUSAN A. ET AL.: "GAP-43, a Protein Associated with Axon Growth, Is Phosphorylated at Three Sites in Cultured Neurons and Rat Brain", THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 267, no. 13, 1992, pages 9059 - 9064, XP055149256 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9541551B2 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2017-01-10 | Niigata University | Anti-GAP43 antibody |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9541551B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
US20150044700A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
JP6150395B2 (ja) | 2017-06-21 |
EP2769988B1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
EP2769988A4 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
JPWO2013058388A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
EP2769988A1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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