WO2013057832A1 - 冷却装置および冷却装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
冷却装置および冷却装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013057832A1 WO2013057832A1 PCT/JP2011/074309 JP2011074309W WO2013057832A1 WO 2013057832 A1 WO2013057832 A1 WO 2013057832A1 JP 2011074309 W JP2011074309 W JP 2011074309W WO 2013057832 A1 WO2013057832 A1 WO 2013057832A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- cooling
- heat
- heat exchanger
- compressor
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/005—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle of the single unit type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/006—Cooling of compressor or motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2519—On-off valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cooling device and a method for controlling the cooling device, and more particularly to a cooling device that cools a heat generation source using a vapor compression refrigeration cycle and a method for controlling the cooling device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with air for air conditioning, a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with a heating element, in a refrigerant passage from an expansion valve to a compressor. , Are arranged in parallel, and a system for cooling a heating element using a refrigerant for an air conditioner is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-90862 (Patent Document 2) is provided with a heating element cooling means for cooling a heating element in a bypass passage that bypasses a decompressor, an evaporator and a compressor of a refrigeration cycle for air conditioning. A cooling system is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle device for vehicle air conditioning is caused to flow back to the cooling member of the inverter circuit unit that drives and controls the vehicle travel motor, and cooling of the air-conditioning air flow is unnecessary.
- a cooling system that suppresses cooling of an air-conditioned air flow by an evaporator of a vehicle air-conditioning refrigeration cycle apparatus.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that a heat storage material of an in-vehicle heat storage unit stores heat, and the in-vehicle heat storage unit exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium.
- An air conditioning system for a vehicle is disclosed.
- the hybrid vehicle that can select either the normal driving mode or the sports driving mode that emphasizes acceleration is being put into practical use.
- the sports travel mode is an operation mode in which the driving force is increased as compared with the normal travel mode and the travel performance of the vehicle is improved by driving the hybrid device in a high load state.
- the amount of heat generated from the hybrid device driven in a high load state increases. Therefore, in order to prevent overheating of the hybrid device, a technology for temporarily improving the cooling performance of the hybrid device is required.
- a cooling device is a cooling device that cools a heat generation source, a compressor for circulating a refrigerant, a first heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outside air, and a pressure reduction of the refrigerant.
- the second heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the air for air conditioning, and the first heat exchanger and the decompressor, and uses the refrigerant to generate heat
- a cooling section that cools the refrigerant
- a bypass path that bypasses the pressure reducer and the second heat exchanger
- a path selection section that selectively switches between a refrigerant flow from the cooling section to the pressure reducer and a refrigerant flow via the bypass path And comprising.
- the cooling device includes a temperature reducer that lowers the temperature of the refrigerant, and the temperature reducer reduces the temperature of the refrigerant that flows through the cooling unit when the path selection unit selects the flow of the refrigerant that passes through the bypass path.
- the cooling device may include an electronic expansion valve provided on the path of the refrigerant flowing between the first heat exchanger and the cooling unit.
- the cooling device includes a gas-liquid separator provided on a refrigerant path flowing between the second heat exchanger and the compressor, and the refrigerant flowing from the cooling unit via the bypass path is a gas-liquid separator. Flows into the separator.
- the path selection unit selects the flow of the refrigerant that passes through the bypass path when the amount of heat generated by the heat source increases.
- the cooling device includes a communication path that connects a refrigerant path flowing between the compressor and the first heat exchanger and a refrigerant path flowing between the cooling unit and the decompressor.
- the path selection unit can form a refrigerant flow from the cooling unit toward the communication path.
- the control method of the cooling device is a control method of the cooling device that cools the heat generation source.
- the cooling device includes a compressor for circulating the refrigerant, a first heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outside air, a decompressor that decompresses the refrigerant, and heat exchange between the refrigerant and air for air conditioning.
- a second heat exchanger that performs cooling, a cooling unit that is provided on the path of the refrigerant that flows between the first heat exchanger and the decompressor, and that cools the heat source using the refrigerant, and the decompressor and the second heat exchanger And a path selection unit that selectively switches between a refrigerant flow from the cooling unit to the decompressor and a refrigerant flow passing through the bypass path.
- a heat is generated by forming a refrigerant flow through the bypass path. Cooling the source.
- the cooling device includes an electronic expansion valve provided on the path of the refrigerant flowing between the first heat exchanger and the cooling unit.
- the opening of the electronic expansion valve is reduced to cool the heat source.
- the compressor in the step of determining the amount of heat generation, it is determined that the compressor is stopped in the step of determining the operating state of the compressor when the amount of heat generation is determined to be equal to or greater than the threshold value and the step of determining the operating state.
- a step of activating the compressor it is determined that the compressor is stopped in the step of determining the operating state of the compressor when the amount of heat generation is determined to be equal to or greater than the threshold value and the step of determining the operating state.
- a cooling performance suitable for the amount of heat generated from the heat source can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a cooling device according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a Mollier diagram which shows the state of the refrigerant
- 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a cooling device according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a cooling device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the cooling device 1 includes a vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10.
- the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 is mounted on a vehicle, for example, to cool the inside of the vehicle.
- the cooling using the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 is selected, for example, when the switch for performing the cooling is turned on or the automatic control mode for automatically adjusting the temperature of the vehicle interior to the set temperature is selected. This is performed when the temperature in the passenger compartment is higher than the set temperature.
- the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 includes a compressor 12, a heat exchanger 14 as a first heat exchanger, a heat exchanger 15, an expansion valve 16 as an example of a decompressor, and a second heat exchanger. And a heat exchanger 18.
- the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 also includes a gas-liquid separator 40 disposed on the refrigerant path between the heat exchanger 18 and the compressor 12.
- the compressor 12 operates with a motor or engine mounted on the vehicle as a power source, and compresses the refrigerant gas in an adiabatic manner to form an overheated refrigerant gas.
- the compressor 12 sucks and compresses the refrigerant flowing from the heat exchanger 18 when the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 is operated, and discharges a high-temperature and high-pressure gas-phase refrigerant into the refrigerant passage 21.
- the compressor 12 circulates the refrigerant in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 by discharging the refrigerant into the refrigerant passage 21.
- the heat exchangers 14 and 15 dissipate the superheated refrigerant gas compressed in the compressor 12 isothermally to an external medium to obtain a refrigerant liquid.
- the high-pressure gas-phase refrigerant discharged from the compressor 12 is condensed (liquefied) by releasing heat to the surroundings in the heat exchangers 14 and 15 and being cooled.
- the heat exchangers 14 and 15 include tubes through which the refrigerant flows, and fins for exchanging heat between the refrigerant flowing through the tubes and the air around the heat exchangers 14 and 15.
- the heat exchangers 14 and 15 exchange heat between the cooling air and the refrigerant.
- the cooling air may be supplied to the heat exchangers 14 and 15 by natural ventilation generated by traveling of the vehicle.
- the cooling air may be supplied to the heat exchangers 14 and 15 by forced ventilation from a cooling fan such as the condenser fan 42 or a radiator fan for cooling the engine.
- the condenser fan 42 receives the driving force from the motor 44 and rotates to generate an air flow, and supplies cooling air to the heat exchangers 14 and 15.
- the expansion valve 16 expands by injecting a high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant passage 25 from a small hole, and changes the low-temperature / low-pressure mist refrigerant.
- the expansion valve 16 depressurizes the refrigerant liquid condensed by the heat exchangers 14 and 15 to obtain wet steam in a gas-liquid mixed state.
- the decompressor for decompressing the refrigerant liquid is not limited to the expansion valve 16 that is squeezed and expanded, and may be a capillary tube.
- the heat exchanger 18 absorbs the heat of ambient air introduced so as to come into contact with the heat exchanger 18 by vaporizing the mist refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger 18.
- the heat exchanger 18 uses the refrigerant depressurized by the expansion valve 16 to absorb the heat of vaporization when the refrigerant's wet vapor evaporates into the refrigerant gas from the air conditioning air flowing into the vehicle interior, Cool the interior of the vehicle.
- the air-conditioning air whose temperature has been reduced by the heat being absorbed by the heat exchanger 18 is returned again to the vehicle interior, thereby cooling the vehicle interior.
- the refrigerant absorbs heat from the surroundings in the heat exchanger 18 and is heated.
- the heat exchanger 18 includes a tube through which the refrigerant flows, and fins for exchanging heat between the refrigerant flowing through the tube and the air around the heat exchanger 18.
- a wet steam refrigerant circulates in the tube.
- the refrigerant evaporates by absorbing heat of the air-conditioning air as evaporation latent heat via the fins, and further becomes superheated steam by sensible heat.
- the vaporized refrigerant flows to the compressor 12 via the refrigerant passage 27.
- the compressor 12 compresses the refrigerant flowing from the heat exchanger 18.
- the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 also includes a refrigerant passage 21 that communicates the compressor 12 and the heat exchanger 14, refrigerant passages 22 and 23 that communicate the heat exchanger 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and a heat exchanger 15.
- a refrigerant passage 24 that communicates with the expansion valve 16, a refrigerant passage 25 that communicates between the expansion valve 16 and the heat exchanger 18, a refrigerant passage 26 that communicates between the heat exchanger 18 and the gas-liquid separator 40, And a refrigerant passage 27 that allows the liquid separator 40 and the compressor 12 to communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant passage 21 is a passage for circulating the refrigerant from the compressor 12 to the heat exchanger 14.
- the refrigerant flows between the compressor 12 and the heat exchanger 14 from the outlet of the compressor 12 toward the inlet of the heat exchanger 14 via the refrigerant passage 21.
- the refrigerant passages 22 to 24 are passages for circulating the refrigerant from the heat exchanger 14 to the expansion valve 16.
- the refrigerant flows between the heat exchanger 14 and the expansion valve 16 from the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 toward the inlet of the expansion valve 16 via the refrigerant passages 22 to 24.
- the refrigerant passage 25 is a passage for circulating the refrigerant from the expansion valve 16 to the heat exchanger 18.
- the refrigerant flows between the expansion valve 16 and the heat exchanger 18 from the outlet of the expansion valve 16 toward the inlet of the heat exchanger 18 via the refrigerant passage 25.
- the refrigerant passages 26 and 27 are passages for circulating the refrigerant from the heat exchanger 18 to the compressor 12.
- the refrigerant flows between the heat exchanger 18 and the compressor 12 from the outlet of the heat exchanger 18 toward the inlet of the compressor 12 via the refrigerant passages 26 and 27.
- the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 includes a compressor 12, heat exchangers 14 and 15, an expansion valve 16 and a heat exchanger 18 connected by refrigerant passages 21 to 27.
- refrigerant of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 for example, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons such as propane and isobutane, ammonia, chlorofluorocarbons or water can be used.
- the refrigerant path flowing between the heat exchanger 14 and the heat exchanger 15 is also branched from the refrigerant path 22 to the electronic expansion valve 38 described later, the electronic expansion valve 38 and the cooling unit 30.
- the refrigerant liquid flows from the heat exchanger 14 to the cooling unit 30 via the refrigerant passages 33 and 34.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the cooling unit 30 returns to the refrigerant passage 23 via the refrigerant passages 35 and 36.
- the cooling unit 30 is provided on a refrigerant path that flows from the heat exchanger 14 toward the heat exchanger 15.
- the cooling device 1 includes a refrigerant path disposed in parallel with the refrigerant passages 22 and 23 between the heat exchangers 14 and 15, and the cooling unit 30 is provided on the refrigerant path.
- the cooling unit 30 is provided in one of a plurality of passages connected in parallel in the path of the refrigerant flowing between the heat exchanger 14 and the heat exchanger 15.
- the cooling unit 30 includes an HV (Hybrid Vehicle) device 31 that is an electrical device mounted on the vehicle, and a cooling passage 32 that is a pipe through which a refrigerant flows.
- the HV device 31 is an example of a heat source.
- One end of the cooling passage 32 is connected to the refrigerant passage 34.
- the other end of the cooling passage 32 is connected to the refrigerant passage 35.
- the refrigerant path connected in parallel to the refrigerant passages 22 and 23 includes the refrigerant passages 33 and 34 on the upstream side (side closer to the heat exchanger 14) than the cooling unit 30 and the cooling included in the cooling unit 30.
- a passage 32 and refrigerant passages 35 and 36 on the downstream side (side closer to the heat exchanger 15) than the cooling unit 30 are included.
- the refrigerant passages 33 and 34 are passages through which the refrigerant passage 22 diverges and causes the liquid-phase refrigerant to flow from the heat exchanger 14 to the cooling unit 30.
- the refrigerant passages 35 and 36 are passages for returning the refrigerant from the cooling unit 30 to the refrigerant passage 23 and circulating the refrigerant to the heat exchanger 15.
- the refrigerant liquid that has flowed out of the heat exchanger 14 flows toward the cooling unit 30 via the refrigerant passages 22, 33, and 34.
- the refrigerant flowing to the cooling unit 30 and flowing through the cooling passage 32 takes heat from the HV device 31 as a heat generation source and cools the HV device 31.
- the cooling unit 30 cools the HV equipment 31 using a liquid-phase refrigerant condensed in the heat exchanger 14 and flowing into the cooling passage 32.
- the refrigerant flowing through the cooling passage 32 and the HV equipment 31 exchange heat, whereby the HV equipment 31 is cooled and the refrigerant is heated.
- the refrigerant further flows from the cooling unit 30 via the refrigerant passages 35 and 36 and reaches the heat exchanger 15 via the refrigerant passage 23.
- the cooling unit 30 is provided so as to have a structure that allows heat exchange between the HV device 31 and the refrigerant in the cooling passage 32.
- the cooling unit 30 includes, for example, a cooling passage 32 formed so that the outer peripheral surface of the cooling passage 32 directly contacts the housing of the HV device 31.
- the cooling passage 32 has a portion adjacent to the housing of the HV device 31. In this part, heat exchange can be performed between the refrigerant flowing through the cooling passage 32 and the HV equipment 31.
- the HV device 31 is directly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the cooling passage 32 that forms part of the refrigerant path from the heat exchanger 14 to the heat exchanger 15 of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 to be cooled. Since the HV device 31 is disposed outside the cooling passage 32, the HV device 31 does not interfere with the flow of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling passage 32. Therefore, since the pressure loss of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 does not increase, the HV equipment 31 can be cooled without increasing the power of the compressor 12.
- the cooling unit 30 may include any known heat pipe that is disposed between the HV device 31 and the cooling passage 32.
- the HV device 31 is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the cooling passage 32 via a heat pipe, and is cooled by transferring heat from the HV device 31 to the cooling passage 32 via the heat pipe. Since the heat transfer efficiency between the cooling passage 32 and the HV equipment 31 can be increased by using the HV equipment 31 as the heat pipe heating section and the cooling passage 32 as the heat pipe cooling section, the cooling efficiency of the HV equipment 31 can be increased. It can be improved.
- a wick-type heat pipe can be used.
- the HV device 31 includes an electrical device that generates heat when power is transferred.
- the electrical equipment includes, for example, an inverter for converting DC power to AC power, a motor generator that is a rotating electrical machine, a battery that is a power storage device, a boost converter that boosts the voltage of the battery, and a voltage that lowers the voltage of the battery. It includes at least one of a DC / DC converter and the like.
- the battery is a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery. A capacitor may be used instead of the battery.
- the refrigerant passes through the refrigerant circulation passage in which the compressor 12, the heat exchangers 14 and 15, the expansion valve 16 and the heat exchanger 18 are sequentially connected by refrigerant passages 21 to 27, and passes through the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10. Circulate.
- the refrigerant flows through the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 through the points A, B, C, D, E, and F shown in FIG. 1 in order, and the compressor 12 and the heat exchangers 14 and 15 are passed through.
- the refrigerant circulates through the expansion valve 16 and the heat exchanger 18.
- FIG. 2 is a Mollier diagram showing the state of the refrigerant in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 2 indicates the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant, and the vertical axis indicates the absolute pressure of the refrigerant.
- the unit of specific enthalpy is kJ / kg, and the unit of absolute pressure is MPa.
- the curves in the figure are the saturated vapor line and saturated liquid line of the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flows from the refrigerant passage 22 at the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 to the cooling unit 30 via the refrigerant passages 33 and 34, cools the HV equipment 31, and passes the refrigerant passages 35 and 36 from the cooling unit 30.
- the thermodynamic state of the refrigerant at each point in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 that is, points A, B, C, D, E, and F) that returns to the refrigerant passage 23 at the inlet of the heat exchanger 15 is shown. .
- the superheated vapor refrigerant (point A) sucked into the compressor 12 is adiabatically compressed in the compressor 12 along the isoentropic line.
- the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant rise, and high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam with a high degree of superheat (point B).
- the area of the region indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2 indicates the power of the compressor 12 necessary for adiabatic compression of the refrigerant from point A to point B.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam refrigerant adiabatically compressed in the compressor 12 flows to the heat exchanger 14 and is cooled in the heat exchanger 14.
- the gas-phase refrigerant discharged from the compressor 12 is condensed (liquefied) by releasing heat to the surroundings in the heat exchanger 14 and being cooled.
- the temperature of the refrigerant is lowered and the refrigerant is liquefied.
- the high-pressure refrigerant vapor that has entered the heat exchanger 14 changes from superheated steam to saturated vapor with constant pressure in the heat exchanger 14, releases condensation latent heat, gradually liquefies, and becomes wet vapor in a gas-liquid mixed state. All of the refrigerant condenses and becomes a saturated liquid (point C).
- the refrigerant in the saturated liquid state that has flowed out of the heat exchanger 14 flows to the cooling passage 32 of the cooling unit 30 via the refrigerant passages 22, 33, 34, and cools the HV equipment 31.
- the HV equipment 31 is cooled by releasing heat to the liquid refrigerant in the saturated liquid state that is condensed after passing through the heat exchanger 14.
- the refrigerant is heated and the dryness of the refrigerant increases.
- the refrigerant receives the latent heat from the HV device 31 and partially evaporates to become a gas-liquid two-phase wet steam in which a saturated liquid and a saturated steam are mixed (point D).
- the refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger 15 via the refrigerant passages 35, 36 and 23.
- the wet steam of the refrigerant is condensed again by exchanging heat with the outside air in the heat exchanger 15 and is condensed again.
- the refrigerant becomes a saturated liquid and further subcooled by releasing sensible heat. Become liquid (point E).
- the refrigerant flows into the expansion valve 16 via the refrigerant passage 24.
- the refrigerant in the supercooled liquid state is squeezed and expanded, the specific enthalpy does not change, the temperature and pressure are reduced, and the low temperature and low pressure gas-liquid mixed vapor is obtained (point F).
- a wet steam refrigerant flows into the tube of the heat exchanger 18.
- the heat exchanger 18 is disposed inside a duct through which air-conditioning air flows, and adjusts the temperature of the air-conditioning air by exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the air-conditioning air.
- the air for air conditioning may be outside air or air in the vehicle interior. During the cooling operation, the air-conditioning air is cooled in the heat exchanger 18, and the refrigerant is heated by receiving heat transfer from the air-conditioning air.
- the refrigerant continuously repeats compression, condensation, throttle expansion, and evaporation state changes according to such a cycle.
- the theoretical refrigeration cycle is described.
- the actual vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 it is necessary to consider the loss in the compressor 12, the pressure loss of the refrigerant, and the heat loss. Of course there is.
- the refrigerant absorbs heat of vaporization from the air in the vehicle interior when evaporating in the heat exchanger 18 acting as an evaporator, thereby cooling the interior of the vehicle interior.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat exchanger 14 flows to the cooling unit 30, and heat-exchanges with the HV device 31 to cool the HV device 31.
- the cooling device 1 cools the HV equipment 31 that is a heat source mounted on the vehicle by using a vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 for air conditioning in the vehicle interior.
- the temperature required for cooling the HV device 31 is desirably at least lower than the upper limit value of the target temperature range as the temperature range of the HV device 31.
- the HV equipment 31 is cooled using the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 provided for cooling the part to be cooled in the heat exchanger 18, a dedicated water circulation pump is used for cooling the HV equipment 31. Or it is not necessary to provide equipment, such as a cooling fan. Therefore, the configuration necessary for the cooling device 1 of the HV equipment 31 can be reduced and the device configuration can be simplified, so that the manufacturing cost of the cooling device 1 can be reduced. In addition, there is no need to operate a power source such as a pump or a cooling fan for cooling the HV equipment 31, and no power consumption is required to operate the power source. Therefore, power consumption for cooling the HV equipment 31 can be reduced.
- the refrigerant may be cooled to a saturated liquid state, and the saturated liquid liquid is supplied to the cooling unit 30.
- the refrigerant in the state of wet steam that has received the latent heat of evaporation from the HV device 31 and is partially vaporized is cooled again by the heat exchanger 15.
- the refrigerant changes its state at a constant temperature until the wet vapor state refrigerant is condensed and completely saturated.
- the heat exchanger 15 further subcools the liquid refrigerant to a degree of supercooling necessary for cooling the vehicle interior. Since it is not necessary to excessively increase the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant, the capacity of the heat exchangers 14 and 15 can be reduced. Therefore, the cooling capacity for the passenger compartment can be ensured, and the size of the heat exchangers 14 and 15 can be reduced, so that the cooling device 1 that is downsized and advantageous for in-vehicle use can be obtained.
- a certain refrigerant passage 33, 34, 35, 36 and the cooling passage 32 are provided in parallel.
- the cooling system of the HV device 31 including the refrigerant passages 33 to 36 is connected in parallel to the refrigerant passages 22 and 23. Therefore, only a part of the refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat exchanger 14 flows to the cooling unit 30.
- An amount of refrigerant necessary for cooling the HV device 31 is circulated to the cooling unit 30, and the HV device 31 is appropriately cooled. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the HV device 31 from being overcooled.
- a refrigerant path flowing from the heat exchanger 14 to the heat exchanger 15 without passing through the cooling unit 30 and a refrigerant path flowing from the heat exchanger 14 through the cooling unit 30 to the heat exchanger 15 are provided in parallel.
- pressure loss when the refrigerant flows through the cooling system of the HV device 31 can be reduced. Since all the refrigerant does not flow to the cooling unit 30, it is possible to reduce pressure loss related to the circulation of the refrigerant passing through the cooling unit 30, and accordingly, consumption necessary for the operation of the compressor 12 for circulating the refrigerant. Electric power can be reduced.
- the cooling device 1 of the present embodiment the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 12 in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 is converted into the heat exchanger 14 as the first condenser, and the second It is condensed by both the heat exchanger 15 as a condenser.
- the two-stage heat exchangers 14 and 15 are disposed between the compressor 12 and the expansion valve 16, and the cooling unit 30 that cools the HV equipment 31 is provided between the heat exchanger 14 and the heat exchanger 15. ing.
- the heat exchanger 15 is provided on the path of the refrigerant that flows from the cooling unit 30 toward the expansion valve 16.
- the refrigerant heated by receiving the latent heat of vaporization from the HV device 31 is sufficiently cooled in the heat exchanger 15, so that the refrigerant at the outlet of the expansion valve 16 has a temperature originally required for cooling the vehicle interior. And having pressure. Therefore, since the amount of heat received from the outside when the refrigerant evaporates in the heat exchanger 18 can be sufficiently increased, the air-conditioning air passing through the heat exchanger 18 can be sufficiently cooled.
- the HV device 31 can be cooled without affecting the cooling capability of cooling the air in the passenger compartment. Therefore, both the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 and the cooling capacity for the passenger compartment can be ensured reliably.
- the refrigerant flowing from the heat exchanger 14 to the cooling unit 30 receives heat from the HV device 31 and is heated when the HV device 31 is cooled.
- the refrigerant is heated to the saturated vapor temperature or higher in the cooling unit 30 and the entire amount of the refrigerant is vaporized, the amount of heat exchange between the refrigerant and the HV device 31 is reduced, and the HV device 31 cannot be efficiently cooled. Pressure loss during flow increases. Therefore, it is desirable to cool the refrigerant sufficiently in the heat exchanger 14 so that the entire amount of the refrigerant does not vaporize after the HV device 31 is cooled.
- the state of the refrigerant at the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 is brought close to the saturated liquid, and typically, the refrigerant is on the saturated liquid line at the outlet of the heat exchanger 14.
- the heat exchanger 14 having the ability to sufficiently cool the refrigerant in this way, the heat dissipating ability for releasing heat from the refrigerant of the heat exchanger 14 is higher than the heat dissipating ability of the heat exchanger 15.
- the HV device 31 can be cooled sufficiently efficiently.
- the refrigerant in the state of wet steam after cooling the HV device 31 is efficiently cooled again in the heat exchanger 15 and cooled to the state of the supercooled liquid below the saturation temperature. Therefore, it is possible to provide the cooling device 1 that secures both the cooling capacity for the passenger compartment and the cooling capacity of the HV device 31.
- the cooling device 1 includes a flow rate adjustment valve 28.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 28 is connected to the refrigerant passages 22 and 23 that form one of the refrigerant paths connected in parallel from the heat exchanger 14 to the expansion valve 16 that does not pass through the cooling unit 30. ing.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 28 changes the valve opening degree, and increases or decreases the pressure loss of the refrigerant flowing from the refrigerant passage 22 to the refrigerant passage 23 via the flow rate adjustment valve 28.
- the flow rate adjusting valve 28 arbitrarily adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant that flows directly from the refrigerant passage 22 to the refrigerant passage 23 and the flow rate of the refrigerant that flows through the cooling system of the HV device 31 including the cooling passage 32. .
- the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 28 is increased, among the refrigerant flowing from the heat exchanger 14 to the refrigerant passage 22, the flow rate directly flowing to the heat exchanger 15 via the refrigerant passages 22 and 23 increases, and the refrigerant passage The flow rate of the refrigerant that flows to the cooling passage 32 via 33 and 34 and cools the HV equipment 31 is reduced.
- valve opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 28 is reduced, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing from the heat exchanger 14 to the refrigerant passage 22 directly flowing to the heat exchanger 15 via the refrigerant passages 22 and 23 is reduced. The flow rate of the refrigerant that flows through the 33 and 34 and cools the HV device 31 increases.
- valve opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 28 When the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 28 is increased, the flow rate of the refrigerant that cools the HV device 31 is reduced, and the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 is reduced.
- valve opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 28 When the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 28 is decreased, the flow rate of the refrigerant that cools the HV device 31 is increased, and the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 is improved. Since the amount of the refrigerant flowing through the HV device 31 can be optimally adjusted using the flow rate adjusting valve 28, the overcooling of the HV device 31 can be surely prevented, and in addition, the refrigerant of the cooling system of the HV device 31 It is possible to reliably reduce the pressure loss and the power consumption of the compressor 12 for circulating the refrigerant.
- the cooling device 1 also includes an electronic expansion valve 38 connected to the refrigerant passages 33 and 34 on the upstream side with respect to the cooling unit 30.
- the electronic expansion valve 38 is provided in the refrigerant path between the heat exchanger 14 and the cooling unit 30.
- the electronic expansion valve 38 is provided such that the opening degree can be adjusted electrically.
- the electronic expansion valve 38 may be, for example, a valve in which a rotor disposed inside the valve rotates in response to a valve opening command and changes the valve opening according to the amount of rotation of the rotor.
- the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant passage 33 and the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant passage 34 are substantially the same.
- the refrigerant is throttled and expanded in the electronic expansion valve 38, and the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant does not change, and the temperature and pressure are reduced.
- the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant passage 34 becomes a low temperature and low pressure with respect to the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant passage 33.
- the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 38 is arbitrarily adjusted, the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant supplied to the cooling unit 30 via the refrigerant passage 34 can be adjusted, and the refrigerant under the optimum conditions for cooling the HV equipment 31 Can be supplied to the cooling unit 30.
- the cooling device 1 further includes a switching valve 52 that switches the communication state of the refrigerant passages 35 and 36.
- the switching valve 52 is provided as a three-way valve having three pipe connection ports.
- the refrigerant passage 35 is connected to the first pipe connection port of the switching valve 52.
- the refrigerant passage 36 is connected to the second pipe connection port of the switching valve 52.
- a bypass path 41 is connected to the third piping connection port of the switching valve 52.
- the bypass path 41 connects the switching valve 52 and the refrigerant path between the heat exchanger 18 and the compressor 12.
- one end of the bypass path 41 is connected to the switching valve 52, and the other end of the bypass path 41 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 40 disposed between the heat exchanger 18 and the compressor 12. .
- the switching valve 52 switches between the flow of the refrigerant from the refrigerant passage 35 to the refrigerant passage 36 and the flow of the refrigerant from the refrigerant passage 35 to the bypass passage 41 by switching the opening and closing thereof.
- the switching valve 52 includes a refrigerant flow from the cooling unit 30 to the expansion valve 16 through the heat exchanger 15 and a refrigerant flow from the cooling unit 30 to the gas-liquid separator 40 through the bypass path 41. And has a function as a route selection unit. By switching the refrigerant path using the switching valve 52, the refrigerant after cooling the HV device 31 is passed through the refrigerant passages 36 and 23 to the heat exchanger 15 or via the bypass path 41. Any path to the gas-liquid separator 40 on the upstream side of the compressor 12 can be arbitrarily selected and distributed.
- FIG. 1 shows a case where an air conditioner for cooling in a vehicle is in operation and normal cooling of the HV equipment 31 is required.
- the compressor 12 is in an operating state in order to distribute the refrigerant throughout the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 28 has its valve opening adjusted so that sufficient refrigerant flows to the cooling unit 30 for cooling the HV equipment 31.
- the electronic expansion valve 38 is fully open.
- the switching valve 52 is switched between opening and closing so that the refrigerant passage 35 and the refrigerant passage 36 communicate with each other and the bypass passage 41 is not communicated with both the refrigerant passages 35 and 36.
- the switching valve 52 is operated so that the refrigerant flows from the cooling unit 30 to the expansion valve 16 via the heat exchanger 15, and the refrigerant path is selected so that the refrigerant flows through the entire cooling device 1.
- Refrigerant is circulated in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 and the low-temperature and low-pressure mist refrigerant is supplied to the heat exchanger 18 by the expansion valve 16 to cool the air-conditioning air, so that the cooling capacity of the passenger compartment is ensured. be able to.
- the HV device 31 can be efficiently cooled.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the cooling device 1 when the required cooling performance of the HV equipment 31 is increased.
- FIG. 3 when the air conditioner for cooling in the vehicle is in operation and the driver operating the vehicle selects the sports driving mode and the HV device 31 is driven in a high load state, for example, This shows a case where the amount of heat generated from the HV equipment 31 is increased, and thus the cooling performance of the HV equipment 31 is required to be improved.
- the compressor 12 is in an operating state, and the flow rate adjustment valve 28 is adjusted in its opening degree.
- the electronic expansion valve 38 is in a state of being throttled with a small opening.
- the switching valve 52 is switched between open and closed so that the refrigerant passage 35 and the bypass passage 41 communicate with each other and the refrigerant passage 36 is not communicated with both the refrigerant passage 35 and the bypass passage 41.
- the refrigerant that flows through the cooling unit 30 and is used for cooling the HV device 31 flows to the bypass path 41 via the switching valve 52 and flows to the gas-liquid separator 40 on the upstream side of the compressor 12.
- the bypass path 41 is directly connected to the switching valve 52 and the gas-liquid separator 40.
- the refrigerant for cooling the HV device 31 flows through a path from the cooling unit 30 to the compressor 12 via the gas-liquid separator 40 and does not flow to the heat exchanger 15, the expansion valve 16, and the heat exchanger 18.
- the bypass path 41 is provided as a refrigerant path that bypasses the heat exchanger 15, the expansion valve 16, and the heat exchanger 18.
- the sport driving mode is a vehicle driving mode for the purpose of temporarily improving the driving performance of the vehicle.
- the output of the drive motor can be improved by controlling to supply a large current to the drive motor and temporarily boosting the voltage supplied to the drive motor.
- the running performance of the vehicle can be improved by temporarily applying a high voltage of 650 V to a motor having a rating of 500 V.
- the driving performance of the vehicle can be improved without changing the specifications of the HV device 31 and generating additional costs.
- the user who operates the vehicle can experience driving in the driving priority mode with the same vehicle by a simple operation of switching the driving mode.
- the HV device 31 is operated in an overload state, and the amount of heat generated by the HV device 31 is increased as compared with the normal travel mode. Therefore, in the sport running mode, it is necessary to maintain the temperature of the HV device 31 within an allowable range and to avoid overheating of the HV device 31. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the cooling capacity of the HV equipment 31.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the cooling device 1 when the required cooling performance of the HV equipment 31 is increased while the air conditioner is stopped.
- FIG. 4 shows a case where the air conditioner is stopped and the amount of heat generated from the HV device 31 is increased, so that the cooling performance of the HV device 31 is required to be improved.
- the flow control valve 28 is fully closed (opening degree 0%).
- the electronic expansion valve 38 is in a throttled state with a small opening.
- the switching valve 52 is switched between open and closed so that the refrigerant passage 35 and the bypass passage 41 communicate with each other and the refrigerant passage 36 is not communicated with both the refrigerant passage 35 and the bypass passage 41.
- the compressor 12 is put in an operating state in order to give a driving force for the refrigerant flowing through the bypass path 41 to circulate through the refrigeration cycle.
- a refrigerant flow that circulates in the circulation path including the cooling unit 30 and cools the HV equipment 31 is generated.
- the refrigerant flowing through the cooling unit 30 flows to the bypass path 41 via the switching valve 52 and flows to the gas-liquid separator 40.
- FIG. 5 is a Mollier diagram showing the state of the refrigerant when the required cooling performance of the HV device 31 is increased.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 5 indicates the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant, and the vertical axis indicates the absolute pressure of the refrigerant.
- the unit of specific enthalpy is kJ / kg, and the unit of absolute pressure is MPa.
- the curves in the figure are the saturated vapor line and saturated liquid line of the refrigerant.
- a refrigerant circulation path that passes through the compressor 12, the heat exchanger 14, the electronic expansion valve 38, and the cooling unit 30 in order is formed.
- the refrigerant used for cooling the HV device 31 circulates via the refrigerant circulation path.
- the refrigerant flows so as to pass through the points A, B, C, and G shown in FIG. 3 in order, and the compressor 12, the heat exchanger 14, the electronic expansion valve 38, and the cooling unit. 30 circulates in the refrigerant.
- FIG. 1 the refrigerant flows so as to pass through the points A, B, C, and G shown in FIG. 3 in order, and the compressor 12, the heat exchanger 14, the electronic expansion valve 38, and the cooling unit. 30 circulates in the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flows from the refrigerant passage 22 at the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 to the cooling unit 30 via the refrigerant passages 33 and 34, cools the HV equipment 31, cools the refrigerant passage 35 and the bypass route from the cooling unit 30.
- the thermodynamic state of the refrigerant at each point in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 ie, points A, B, C, and G that returns to the upstream side of the compressor 12 via 41 is shown.
- the superheated vapor refrigerant (point A) sucked into the compressor 12 is adiabatically compressed along the isentropic line in the compressor 12.
- the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant rise, and high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam with a high degree of superheat (point B).
- the area of the region indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 5 indicates the power of the compressor 12 necessary for adiabatic compression of the refrigerant from point A to point B.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam refrigerant adiabatically compressed in the compressor 12 flows to the heat exchanger 14 and is cooled in the heat exchanger 14.
- the gas-phase refrigerant discharged from the compressor 12 is condensed (liquefied) by releasing heat to the surroundings in the heat exchanger 14 and being cooled.
- the temperature of the refrigerant is lowered and the refrigerant is liquefied.
- the high-pressure refrigerant vapor that has entered the heat exchanger 14 changes from superheated steam to saturated vapor with constant pressure in the heat exchanger 14, releases condensation latent heat, gradually liquefies, and becomes wet vapor in a gas-liquid mixed state. All of the refrigerant condenses and becomes a saturated liquid (point C).
- the electronic expansion valve 38 the refrigerant is squeezed and expanded, the specific enthalpy does not change, the temperature and pressure are reduced, and the steam becomes a wet vapor in a gas-liquid mixed state (point G).
- the electronic expansion valve 38 has a function as a temperature reducer that lowers the temperature of the refrigerant on the upstream side of the cooling unit 30 and lowers the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the cooling unit 30.
- the wet vapor refrigerant squeezed and expanded by the electronic expansion valve 38 flows to the cooling passage 32 of the cooling unit 30 via the refrigerant passage 34 and cools the HV equipment 31.
- the HV equipment 31 is cooled by releasing heat to the refrigerant that has passed through the electronic expansion valve 38 and has been reduced in temperature and pressure.
- the refrigerant is heated and the dryness of the refrigerant increases.
- the refrigerant evaporates while maintaining the equal pressure by absorbing the heat of the HV device 31 as latent heat of vaporization. When all the refrigerants are dry and become saturated vapor, the temperature of the refrigerant vapor further rises due to sensible heat and becomes superheated vapor (point A).
- the refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 12 via the bypass path 41, the gas-liquid separator 40 and the refrigerant passage 27.
- the compressor 12 compresses the refrigerant flowing from the refrigerant passage 27. According to such a cycle, the refrigerant continuously repeats the state changes of compression, condensation, throttle expansion, and evaporation.
- the cooling device 1 includes the bypass path 41 that bypasses the heat exchanger 15, the expansion valve 16, and the heat exchanger 18, and the switching valve 52 that selectively switches the refrigerant flow. .
- the switching valve 52 selects the flow of the refrigerant that passes through the refrigerant passage 36 and forms the flow of the refrigerant that flows from the cooling unit 30 to the heat exchanger 15.
- the switching valve 52 switches the refrigerant flow to select the refrigerant flow via the bypass path 41, and the gas-liquid separator 40 passes from the cooling unit 30 via the bypass path 41. Forms a flow of refrigerant flowing into the
- the HV device 31 can be cooled by transferring heat from the HV device 31 to the refrigerant until the refrigerant condensed and liquefied in the heat exchanger 14 becomes superheated steam. Since the amount of heat exchange between the refrigerant and the HV device 31 in the cooling unit 30 can be increased, the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 is increased. Since the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 can be increased in accordance with an increase in the amount of heat generated from the HV device 31, a cooling performance suitable for the amount of heat generated from the HV device 31 can be obtained.
- an electronic expansion valve 38 is provided upstream of the cooling unit 30, and when the amount of heat generated by the HV device 31 is increased, the refrigerant is throttled and expanded by adjusting the opening of the electronic expansion valve 38, so that the low-temperature and low-pressure mist refrigerant. And the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling unit 30 is lowered.
- the heat transfer efficiency from the HV device 31 to the refrigerant can be improved, and the amount of heat that the refrigerant takes from the HV device 31 as latent heat of evaporation can be increased. Since the low-temperature refrigerant is vaporized by the heat of the HV device 31, the amount of heat exchange between the refrigerant and the HV device 31 can be increased, so that the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 can be further improved.
- the compressor 12 and the electronic expansion valve 38 are controlled to lower the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling unit 30.
- the device for lowering the temperature of the refrigerant may be any device, and for example, another heat exchanger or a Peltier element may be arranged on the upstream side of the cooling unit 30.
- the apparatus configuration can be simplified and the refrigerant can be used without using additional power. The temperature can be lowered.
- the power of the compressor 12 shown in FIG. 5 is smaller when the power of the compressor 12 indicated by the two-dot chain line is shaded.
- the degree of opening of the electronic expansion valve 38 is set so that the refrigerant at about 60 ° C. is cooled to about 5 ° C. (for example, 25 ° C. when the outside temperature is 30 ° C.) at the outlet of the heat exchanger 14.
- the power of the compressor 12 is about half that in the air conditioner operation shown in FIG.
- a part or all of the refrigerant is circulated through the bypass path 41, thereby enabling control to reduce the power of the compressor 12.
- the bypass path 41 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 40, and the refrigerant flowing from the cooling unit 30 via the bypass path 41 flows into the gas-liquid separator 40.
- the gas-liquid separator 40 separates the refrigerant into a gas phase refrigerant and a liquid phase refrigerant. Inside the gas-liquid separator 40, a refrigerant liquid that is a liquid phase refrigerant and a refrigerant vapor that is a gas phase refrigerant are stored. A refrigerant liquid in a saturated liquid state is stored inside the gas-liquid separator 40. The refrigerant liquid that has been gas-liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 40 is stored in the gas-liquid separator 40.
- the gas-liquid separator 40 functions as a liquid accumulator that temporarily stores a liquid refrigerant that is a liquid refrigerant.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant supplied to the cooling unit 30 can be maintained even when the load changes. Since the gas-liquid separator 40 has a liquid reservoir function and becomes a buffer against load fluctuations and can absorb the load fluctuations, the cooling performance of the HV equipment 31 can be stabilized.
- the refrigerant flowing into the gas-liquid separator 40 via the bypass path 41 after exchanging heat with the HV device 31 in the cooling unit 30 is in a gas-liquid two-phase wet state in which saturated liquid and saturated vapor are mixed. May be in steam.
- the refrigerant is separated into a gas phase and a liquid phase inside the gas-liquid separator 40.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing into the gas-liquid separator 40 is separated into a liquid refrigerant liquid and a gaseous refrigerant vapor in the gas-liquid separator 40.
- the refrigerant liquid accumulates on the lower side and the refrigerant vapor accumulates on the upper side.
- An end portion of the refrigerant passage 27 for leading the refrigerant vapor from the gas-liquid separator 40 is connected to a ceiling portion of the gas-liquid separator 40. Only the refrigerant vapor is sent out of the gas-liquid separator 40 from the ceiling side of the gas-liquid separator 40 via the refrigerant passage 27.
- the gas-phase refrigerant that has been reliably gas-liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 40 can be supplied to the compressor 12.
- the switching valve 52 that switches the communication state between the refrigerant passages 35 and 36 and the bypass path 41 may be a three-way valve at the branch between the refrigerant passages 35 and 36 and the bypass path 41.
- a valve capable of opening and closing the refrigerant path may be provided in each of the refrigerant passages 35 and 36 and the bypass path 41, and the switching valve 52 may be configured by the plurality of on-off valves.
- the HV equipment 31 can be efficiently cooled both when the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 is operated and when it is stopped.
- the space required for the arrangement of the three-way valve may be smaller than the arrangement of a plurality of on-off valves, and the use of the three-way valve provides a cooling device 1 that is further downsized and has excellent vehicle mountability. Can do.
- the on-off valve is inexpensive because it only needs to have a simple structure capable of opening and closing the refrigerant passage. By using a plurality of on-off valves, the cooling device 1 can be provided at a lower cost.
- the example in which the HV device 31 that is a heat source is cooled by the cooling device 1 has been described.
- the device to be cooled by the cooling device 1 is, for example, a battery
- the temperature is too low, chemical changes inside the battery may be suppressed and the output density may be reduced, so that appropriate heating is required. Is done.
- the cooling device 1 of the present embodiment if the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air in the heat exchanger 14 is suppressed by reducing the air volume of the condenser fan 42, the cooling of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger 14 is suppressed, The refrigerant flowing to the cooling unit 30 can be maintained at a high temperature.
- control can be performed so that the refrigerant is condensed in the heat exchanger 14 and the cooling unit 30, and the battery can be heated by receiving heat from the refrigerant in the cooling unit 30.
- the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the cooling unit 30 can be lowered by restricting the electronic expansion valve 38, and the cooling capacity of the battery can be improved.
- the device to be cooled by the cooling device 1 is a capacitor.
- the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant flowing to the cooling unit 30 can be relatively increased, and the capacitor can be heated.
- the capacitor repeatedly charges and discharges instantaneously, the capacitor can be cooled with the low-temperature refrigerant atomized by the expansion of the electronic expansion valve 38, so that the cooling performance of the capacitor is improved. Therefore, since the number of capacitors can be reduced, the cost of the device can be greatly reduced.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of the cooling device 1 according to the second embodiment.
- the switching valve 52 of the first embodiment is provided as a three-way valve, whereas the switching valve 52 of the second embodiment is a four-way valve.
- the switching valve 52 is provided as a four-way valve having four pipe connection ports.
- the refrigerant passage 35 is connected to the first pipe connection port of the switching valve 52.
- the refrigerant passage 36 is connected to the second pipe connection port of the switching valve 52.
- the bypass path 41 is connected to the third pipe connection port of the switching valve 52.
- a communication passage 51 is connected to the fourth pipe connection port of the switching valve 52.
- the communication path 51 communicates the refrigerant path 21 in which the refrigerant flows between the compressor 12 and the heat exchanger 14 and the refrigerant path 35 that constitutes the refrigerant path from the cooling unit 30 to the expansion valve 16.
- the switching valve 52 is opened and closed to switch the refrigerant flow from the refrigerant passage 35 to the refrigerant passage 36, the refrigerant flow from the refrigerant passage 35 to the bypass passage 41, and the refrigerant from the refrigerant passage 35 to the communication passage 51.
- the switching valve 52 is provided so as to be able to form a refrigerant flow from the cooling unit 30 toward the communication path 51.
- the switching valve 52 enables or disables the circulation of the refrigerant via the communication path 51 by switching its opening and closing.
- the switching valve 52 By switching the refrigerant path using the switching valve 52, the refrigerant after cooling the HV device 31 passes through the refrigerant passages 36, 23 to the heat exchanger 15, and passes through the bypass path 41. 12 can be arbitrarily selected and distributed to the gas-liquid separator 40 on the upstream side of 12 or to the heat exchanger 14 via the communication passage 51 and the refrigerant passage 21.
- the switching valve 52 is a four-way valve, and the refrigerant can be circulated to the communication passage 51 by changing the opening / closing setting of the switching valve 52.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the setting of the compressor 12 and the valve for each operation mode of the cooling device 1.
- the cooling device 1 when the cooling device 1 is operated in any one of four different operation modes, the operation state of the compressor 12 in each operation mode, the flow rate adjustment valve 28, the electronic expansion valve 38, and the switching valve 52 are illustrated. The setting of the opening is shown.
- the “air conditioner operation mode” is an operation mode shown in FIG. 6 in which the air conditioner for cooling the inside of the vehicle is in operation and normal cooling of the HV equipment 31 is required. is there.
- the compressor 12 since the refrigerant needs to be circulated through the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 including the expansion valve 16 and the heat exchanger 18 for cooling the passenger compartment, the compressor 12 is in an operating state.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 28 has its valve opening adjusted so that sufficient refrigerant flows to the cooling unit 30 for cooling the HV equipment 31.
- the electronic expansion valve 38 is fully open.
- the switching valve 52 is switched between opening and closing so that the refrigerant passage 35 and the refrigerant passage 36 are communicated, and the bypass passage 41 and the communication passage 51 are not communicated with both the refrigerant passages 35 and 36.
- the switching valve 52 is operated so that the refrigerant flows from the cooling unit 30 to the expansion valve 16 via the heat exchanger 15, and the refrigerant path is selected so that the refrigerant flows through the entire cooling device 1. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the cooling capacity in the passenger compartment using the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 and to cool the HV equipment 31 efficiently.
- the operation state of the cooling device 1 described with reference to FIG. 1 in the first embodiment corresponds to this “air conditioner operation mode”.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the cooling device 1 when the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 is stopped.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of the refrigerant that cools the HV equipment 31 while the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 is stopped.
- the “heat pipe operation mode” means that the air conditioner for cooling in the vehicle shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is stopped and normal cooling of the HV equipment 31 is required. It is an operation mode.
- the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 is stopped, and there is no need to circulate refrigerant throughout the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10, so the compressor 12 is in a stopped state.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 28 is fully closed.
- the electronic expansion valve 38 is fully open.
- the switching valve 52 is opened and closed so that the refrigerant passage 35 and the communication passage 51 communicate with each other, and the refrigerant passage 36 and the bypass passage 41 are not communicated with both the refrigerant passage 35 and the communication passage 51. Yes.
- the switching valve 52 is operated to circulate the refrigerant from the cooling unit 30 to the heat exchanger 14.
- the refrigerant does not flow from the refrigerant passage 35 to the refrigerant passage 36 and the bypass passage 41 but flows through the communication passage 51.
- the heat exchanger 14 reaches the cooling unit 30 via the refrigerant passages 22 and 33, the electronic expansion valve 38 and the refrigerant passage 34 in this order, and further the refrigerant passage 35, the switching valve 52, the communication passage 51 and the refrigerant passage 21.
- a closed annular path is formed, which in turn returns to the heat exchanger 14.
- the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant passage 35 after cooling the HV device 31 is circulated to the heat exchanger 14 via the communication path 51, and between the cooling unit 30 and the heat exchanger 14 without passing through the compressor 12.
- An annular path through which the refrigerant is circulated is formed.
- the refrigerant path is selected so that the refrigerant is circulated through an annular path connecting the cooling unit 30 and the heat exchanger 14.
- the refrigerant can be circulated between the heat exchanger 14 and the cooling unit 30 without operating the compressor 12 via this annular path.
- the refrigerant receives evaporation latent heat from the HV device 31 and evaporates.
- the refrigerant vapor evaporated by heat exchange with the HV device 31 flows to the heat exchanger 14 through the refrigerant passage 35, the communication passage 51, and the refrigerant passage 21 in order.
- the refrigerant vapor is cooled and condensed by the running air of the vehicle or the ventilation from the condenser fan 42 or the radiator fan for cooling the engine.
- the refrigerant liquid liquefied by the heat exchanger 14 returns to the cooling unit 30 through the refrigerant passages 22 and 33, the electronic expansion valve 38 and the refrigerant passage 34 in order.
- a heat pipe is formed with the HV device 31 as a heating part and the heat exchanger 14 as a cooling part by an annular path passing through the cooling part 30 and the heat exchanger 14. Therefore, even when the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 is stopped, that is, when cooling for the vehicle is stopped, the HV equipment 31 can be reliably cooled without having to start the compressor 12.
- the HV device 31 can be cooled without using the power of the compressor 12, and it is not necessary to always operate the compressor 12 for cooling the HV device 31. Therefore, the power consumption of the compressor 12 can be reduced and the fuel consumption of the vehicle can be improved.
- the life of the compressor 12 can be extended, so the reliability of the compressor 12 can be improved.
- FIG. 9 shows the ground 60.
- the cooling unit 30 is disposed below the heat exchanger 14 in the vertical direction perpendicular to the ground 60.
- the cooling unit 30 In an annular path for circulating the refrigerant between the heat exchanger 14 and the cooling unit 30, the cooling unit 30 is disposed below and the heat exchanger 14 is disposed above.
- the heat exchanger 14 is disposed at a position higher than the cooling unit 30.
- the refrigerant vapor heated and vaporized in the cooling unit 30 rises in the annular path and reaches the heat exchanger 14, is cooled in the heat exchanger 14, is condensed and becomes a liquid refrigerant, and acts by gravity. It descends in the annular path and returns to the cooling unit 30. That is, a thermosiphon heat pipe is formed by the cooling unit 30, the heat exchanger 14, and the refrigerant path connecting them. Since the heat transfer efficiency from the HV device 31 to the heat exchanger 14 can be improved by forming the heat pipe, even when the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 is stopped, the HV can be used without applying power. The device 31 can be cooled more efficiently.
- the cooling device 1 further includes a check valve 54.
- the check valve 54 is disposed on the refrigerant passage 21 between the compressor 12 and the heat exchanger 14 on the side closer to the compressor 12 than the connection point between the refrigerant passage 21 and the communication passage 51.
- the check valve 54 allows the refrigerant flow from the compressor 12 to the heat exchanger 14 and prohibits the reverse refrigerant flow. In this way, in the heat pipe operation mode shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, it is possible to reliably form a closed-loop refrigerant path for circulating the refrigerant between the heat exchanger 14 and the cooling unit 30. it can.
- the refrigerant may flow from the communication path 51 to the refrigerant path 21 on the compressor 12 side.
- the check valve 54 By providing the check valve 54, the flow of the refrigerant from the communication path 51 toward the compressor 12 can be surely prohibited. Therefore, the stop of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10 using the heat pipe formed by the annular refrigerant path is used. It is possible to prevent a decrease in the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 at the time. Therefore, the HV device 31 can be efficiently cooled even when the cooling for the passenger compartment of the vehicle is stopped.
- the compressor 12 is operated only for a short time, thereby passing through the check valve 54.
- the refrigerant can be supplied to the closed loop path.
- coolant amount in a closed loop can be increased and the heat exchange processing amount of a heat pipe can be increased. Therefore, since the amount of refrigerant in the heat pipe can be secured, it is possible to avoid insufficient cooling of the HV device 31 due to the insufficient amount of refrigerant.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the cooling device 1 when the required cooling performance of the HV equipment 31 is increased during the air conditioner operation.
- FIG. 10 shows a case where the air conditioner for cooling in the vehicle is in operation and the driver operating the vehicle selects the sports driving mode and the HV device 31 is driven in a high load state. This shows a case where the amount of heat generated from the HV equipment 31 is increased, and thus the cooling performance of the HV equipment 31 is required to be improved.
- the “air conditioner ON / low temperature refrigerant cooling operation mode” means that the air conditioner for cooling the vehicle shown in FIG. 10 is operating and the cooling capacity of the HV equipment 31 is improved. This is the required operation mode.
- the compressor 12 is in an operating state, and the flow rate adjustment valve 28 is adjusted in its opening degree.
- the electronic expansion valve 38 is in a throttled state with a small opening.
- the switching valve 52 communicates between the refrigerant passage 35 and the bypass passage 41 and is switched between open and closed so that the refrigerant passage 36 and the communication passage 51 are not in communication with both the refrigerant passage 35 and the bypass passage 41. .
- the refrigerant that flows through the cooling unit 30 and is used for cooling the HV device 31 flows to the bypass path 41 via the switching valve 52 and flows to the gas-liquid separator 40 on the upstream side of the compressor 12.
- the refrigerant for cooling the HV device 31 flows from the cooling unit 30 via the gas-liquid separator 40 to the compressor 12 and does not flow to the heat exchanger 15, the expansion valve 16, and the heat exchanger 18.
- the bypass path 41 is directly connected to the switching valve 52 and the gas-liquid separator 40, and is provided as a refrigerant path that bypasses the heat exchanger 15, the expansion valve 16, and the heat exchanger 18.
- the refrigerant flows through a path including the expansion valve 16 and the heat exchanger 18 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 28, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant that has been throttled and expanded by the expansion valve 16 is supplied to the heat exchanger 18.
- the air-conditioning air for cooling the passenger compartment and the refrigerant can be heat-exchanged to cool the air-conditioning air, so that the cooling capacity can be secured.
- the refrigerant for cooling the HV device 31 flows from the cooling unit 30 to the inlet side of the compressor 12 via the bypass path 41, the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 can be increased and the HV device 31 can be efficiently cooled.
- the cooling performance suitable for the amount of heat generated from the HV device 31 can be obtained.
- the operating state of the cooling device 1 described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG. 3 corresponds to this “air conditioner ON / low temperature refrigerant cooling operation mode”.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the cooling device 1 when the required cooling performance of the HV equipment 31 is increased while the air conditioner is stopped.
- FIG. 11 shows a case where the air conditioner is stopped and the amount of heat generated from the HV device 31 is increased, so that the cooling performance of the HV device 31 is required to be improved.
- the “air conditioner OFF / low temperature refrigerant cooling operation mode” means that the air conditioner for cooling the vehicle shown in FIG. 11 is stopped and the cooling capacity of the HV equipment 31 is improved. This is the required operation mode.
- the flow control valve 28 is fully closed (opening degree 0%).
- the electronic expansion valve 38 is in a throttled state with a small opening.
- the switching valve 52 communicates between the refrigerant passage 35 and the bypass passage 41 and is switched between open and closed so that the refrigerant passage 36 and the communication passage 51 are not in communication with both the refrigerant passage 35 and the bypass passage 41. .
- the compressor 12 In order to provide a driving force for the refrigerant to circulate through the refrigeration cycle via the bypass path 41, the compressor 12 is put into an operating state.
- the refrigerant flowing through the cooling unit 30 flows to the bypass path 41 via the switching valve 52 and flows to the gas-liquid separator 40.
- the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 can be increased and the HV device 31 can be efficiently cooled.
- the cooling performance suitable for the amount of heat generated from the HV device 31 can be obtained.
- the operation state of the cooling device 1 described with reference to FIG. 4 in the first embodiment corresponds to this “air conditioner OFF / low temperature refrigerant cooling operation mode”.
- the cooling device 1 selects the refrigerant flow that passes through the bypass path 41 when the amount of heat generated by the HV device 31 increases, and passes through the bypass path 41 from the cooling unit 30.
- a refrigerant flow flowing to the gas-liquid separator 40 can be formed.
- the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 can be increased, and a cooling performance suitable for the amount of heat generated from the HV device 31 can be obtained.
- the refrigerant When the amount of heat generated by the HV device 31 is increased, the refrigerant is squeezed and expanded by the electronic expansion valve 38 to supply the low-temperature refrigerant in the form of a mist to the cooling unit 30, thereby further increasing the heat exchange amount between the refrigerant and the HV device 31. Since it can increase, the cooling capacity of the HV equipment 31 can be further improved. Further, by providing the communication path 51, it is possible to form an annular path for circulating the refrigerant between the cooling unit 30 and the heat exchanger 14 via the communication path 51 and not via the compressor 12. Via this annular path, the refrigerant can be circulated between the heat exchanger 14 and the cooling unit 30 without operating the compressor 12. Since the HV device 31 can be reliably cooled even in the state where the power for circulating the refrigerant is not applied from the compressor 12, the power necessary for cooling the HV device 31 can be reduced.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing details of the configuration of the control unit 80.
- the control unit 80 illustrated in FIG. 12 includes an ECU (Electric Control Unit) 81 that executes control of the cooling device 1.
- the ECU 81 receives a signal indicating ON / OFF of the air conditioner from the air conditioner switch 82.
- the air conditioner switch 82 is provided, for example, on an instrument panel on the front side in the passenger compartment. When the vehicle occupant operates the air conditioner switch 82, the air conditioner is switched between ON and OFF, and cooling of the vehicle interior is started or stopped.
- the ECU 81 receives a signal indicating whether the vehicle is set to a normal driving mode or a sports driving mode from the sports driving mode selection switch 83.
- the sport driving mode selection switch 83 is provided, for example, on an instrument panel on the front side in the passenger compartment. When the vehicle occupant operates the sport travel mode selection switch 83, either the normal travel mode or the sport travel mode is selected.
- ECU81 receives the signal which shows temperature from the temperature input part 84.
- FIG. The temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet / outlet of the cooling unit 30 is input to the temperature input unit 84 from sensors that detect the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the cooling unit 30 and the refrigerant flowing out of the cooling unit 30.
- the temperature input unit 84 may also be input with the temperature of the outside air near the cooling device 1 and the temperature of the air-conditioning air whose temperature is adjusted by heat exchange in the heat exchanger 18.
- the control unit 80 also includes a compressor control unit 85 that controls the start and stop of the compressor 12, a motor control unit 86 that controls the rotation speed of the motor 44, the flow rate adjustment valve 28, the electronic expansion valve 38, and the switching valve 52. And a valve control unit 87 for controlling the opening and closing of the.
- the control unit 80 also includes a memory 89 such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) and a ROM (Read Only Memory).
- the cooling device 1 is controlled by the ECU 81 executing various processes according to the control program stored in the memory 89.
- the compressor control unit 85 receives the control command transmitted from the ECU 81, and transmits a signal C ⁇ b> 1 commanding activation or stop of the compressor 12 to the compressor 12.
- the valve control unit 87 receives the control command transmitted from the ECU 81, transmits a signal V1 for instructing the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 28 to the flow regulating valve 28, and a signal V2 for instructing the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 38.
- the signal V 3 is transmitted to the electronic expansion valve 38 and a signal V 3 for commanding the opening / closing setting of the switching valve 52 is transmitted to the switching valve 52.
- the motor control unit 86 receives the control command transmitted from the ECU 81, and transmits a signal M ⁇ b> 1 that commands the rotation speed of the motor 44 to the motor 44.
- the ECU 81 adjusts ON / OFF of the air conditioner, selection or non-selection of the sports running mode, and operation and stop of the compressor 12, rotation speed of the motor 44, and flow rate adjustment based on various temperatures input to the temperature input unit 84.
- the opening degree of the valve 28 and the electronic expansion valve 38 and the opening / closing setting of the switching valve 52 are controlled.
- the ECU 81 has a function as an operation mode switching unit that switches the operation mode of the cooling device 1.
- the heat exchange amount between the refrigerant and the outside air in the heat exchanger 14 is controlled. If the rotational speed of the motor 44 is increased and the rotational speed of the condenser fan 42 is increased, the flow rate of air supplied to the heat exchanger 14 increases, and the amount of heat exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air in the heat exchanger 14 increases. The refrigerant cooling capacity of the heat exchanger 14 is improved. If the rotational speed of the motor 44 is reduced and the rotational speed of the condenser fan 42 is reduced, the flow rate of air supplied to the heat exchanger 14 is reduced, and the amount of heat exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air in the heat exchanger 14 is reduced. The refrigerant cooling capacity of the heat exchanger 14 is reduced.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for controlling the cooling device 1.
- step (S ⁇ b> 10) it is determined whether or not the cooling of the heat generation source is to be ended. If it is determined not to end the cooling, it is then determined in step (S20) whether or not the sport travel mode is selected by operating the sport travel mode selection switch 83.
- the heat generation amount of the HV device 31 is increased compared to the normal driving mode.
- step (S20) the amount of heat generated by the HV device 31 is determined by determining whether the sport driving mode is selected or not. If a value between the heat generation amount of the HV device 31 in the normal travel mode and the heat generation amount of the HV device 31 in the sport travel mode is set as a threshold value of the heat generation amount, the sport travel mode is selected. When this is done, the heat generation amount of the HV device 31 is equal to or greater than the threshold value, and when the normal travel mode is selected, the heat generation amount of the HV device 31 is equal to or less than the threshold value.
- step (S20) If it is determined in step (S20) that the sport travel mode is ON, that is, the sport travel mode is selected by operating the sport travel mode selection switch 83 and the amount of heat generated by the HV device 31 is large, then step (S30) ), It is determined whether the air conditioner is ON. If the air conditioner is ON, the compressor 12 is operating, and if the air conditioner is OFF, the compressor 12 is stopped. If it is determined in step (S30) that the air conditioner is ON, the process proceeds to step (S40), and the cooling device 1 cools the HV device 31 in the air conditioner ON / low-temperature refrigerant cooling operation mode.
- the air conditioner is ON, and the compressor 12 is activated to circulate the refrigerant throughout the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 10. Therefore, the compressor control unit 85 transmits a signal C ⁇ b> 1 for maintaining the operation of the compressor 12 to the compressor 12.
- the valve control unit 87 transmits a signal V1 for adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 28 so that a sufficient amount of refrigerant flows in the cooling unit 30 to the flow rate adjustment valve 28, and a signal V2 for reducing the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 38. Is transmitted to the electronic expansion valve 38, and a signal V3 for switching opening and closing of the switching valve 52 is transmitted to the switching valve 52 so that the refrigerant passage 35 communicates with the bypass path 41.
- the refrigerant flows through a path including the expansion valve 16 and the heat exchanger 18 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 28, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant that has been throttled and expanded by the expansion valve 16 is supplied to the heat exchanger 18.
- the air-conditioning air for cooling the vehicle interior and the refrigerant can be heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger 18 to cool the air-conditioning air, so that the cooling capacity of the vehicle interior can be ensured.
- the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 38 the refrigerant whose temperature has been reduced by expansion by the electronic expansion valve 38 is circulated to the cooling unit 30, and heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant flowing through the cooling passage 32 and the HV device 31.
- the HV equipment 31 is cooled.
- the refrigerant that has cooled the HV device 31 flows from the cooling unit 30 to the inlet side of the compressor 12 via the bypass path 41.
- control flow is returned, and the process returns to the determination of whether or not to finish the cooling of the heat source in step (S10).
- step (S30) If it is determined in step (S30) that the air conditioner is OFF, the process proceeds to step (S50) and the compressor 12 is activated. Since the air conditioner is OFF and the compressor 12 is stopped, the compressor control unit 85 transmits a signal C1 for starting the compressor 12 to the compressor 12 at this time.
- step (S60) the cooling device 1 cools the HV device 31 in the air conditioner OFF / low temperature refrigerant cooling operation mode.
- the valve control unit 87 transmits a signal V1 for fully closing the flow rate adjustment valve 28 to the flow rate adjustment valve 28, and transmits a signal V2 for reducing the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 38 to the electronic expansion valve 38. Is transmitted to the switching valve 52 so that the switching valve 52 is opened and closed so as to communicate with the bypass path 41.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 28 is fully closed, and the flow of the refrigerant to the path including the expansion valve 16 and the heat exchanger 18 is stopped.
- the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 38 By adjusting the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 38, the refrigerant whose temperature has been reduced by expansion by the electronic expansion valve 38 is circulated to the cooling unit 30, and heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant flowing through the cooling passage 32 and the HV device 31. By doing so, the HV equipment 31 is cooled.
- the refrigerant that has cooled the HV device 31 flows from the cooling unit 30 to the inlet side of the compressor 12 via the bypass path 41. Thereby, since the cooling capacity of the HV equipment 31 can be enhanced and the HV equipment 31 can be efficiently cooled, a cooling performance suitable for the amount of heat generated from the HV equipment 31 can be obtained.
- control flow is returned, and the process returns to the determination of whether or not to finish the cooling of the heat source in step (S10).
- step (S70) If it is determined in step (S20) that the sports driving mode is OFF, that is, the normal driving mode is selected by operating the sports driving mode selection switch 83, then in step (S70), the air conditioner is turned ON. It is determined whether or not. When it is determined in step (S70) that the air conditioner is ON, the process proceeds to step (S90), and the cooling device 1 cools the HV equipment 31 in the air conditioner operation mode.
- step (S80) it is next determined in step (S80) whether the heat source needs to be cooled in the air conditioner operation mode. For example, it is possible to determine whether cooling in the air conditioner operation mode is necessary based on the detected temperature value input to the temperature input unit 84. Specifically, when the outlet temperature of the cooling unit 30 is higher than the inlet temperature, the outside air temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature (for example, 25 ° C.), or the air-conditioning air is higher than the predetermined temperature (for example, 20 ° C.). When it is high, the control command for starting the compressor 12 can be transmitted to the compressor control unit 85 by determining that the cooling capacity in the cooling unit 30 is low.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 25 ° C.
- the HV device 31 may be cooled in the air conditioner operation mode even when the vehicle travels in a situation where the amount of heat generated by the HV device 31 is large, for example, when traveling uphill.
- the cooling capacity with which the cooling device 1 cools the HV equipment 31 is relatively greater in the air conditioner operation mode in which the compressor 12 is operated than in the heat pipe operation mode. Therefore, by operating the cooling device 1 in the air conditioner operation mode to cool the HV equipment 31, overheating of the HV equipment 31 can be reliably prevented. If it is determined that it is necessary to cool the heat source in the air conditioner operation mode, the process proceeds to step (S90), and the cooling device 1 cools the HV equipment 31 in the air conditioner operation mode.
- the compressor control unit 85 transmits a signal C1 instructing activation of the compressor 12 to the compressor 12.
- the valve control unit 87 transmits a signal V1 for adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 28 to the flow rate adjustment valve 28 so that a sufficient amount of refrigerant flows in the cooling unit 30, and electronically outputs a signal V2 for fully opening the electronic expansion valve 38.
- a signal V3 for switching between opening and closing of the switching valve 52 is transmitted to the switching valve 52 so as to communicate the refrigerant passage 35 to the refrigerant passage 36.
- the refrigerant flows through a path including the expansion valve 16 and the heat exchanger 18 by adjusting the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 28, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant that has been throttled and expanded by the expansion valve 16 is supplied to the heat exchanger 18.
- the air-conditioning air for cooling the vehicle interior and the refrigerant can be heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger 18 to cool the air-conditioning air, so that the cooling capacity of the vehicle interior can be ensured.
- a sufficient amount of refrigerant for cooling the HV equipment 31 is circulated to the cooling unit 30.
- the refrigerant that has been cooled by exchanging heat with the outside air in the heat exchanger 14 is circulated to the cooling unit 30, and heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant flowing in the cooling passage 32 and the HV equipment 31, thereby obtaining the HV equipment 31. Can be cooled.
- control flow is returned, and the process returns to the determination of whether or not to finish the cooling of the heat source in step (S10).
- step (S100) the cooling device 1 cools the heat source in the heat pipe operation mode.
- the compressor control unit 85 transmits a signal C ⁇ b> 1 for maintaining the stop of the compressor 12 to the compressor 12.
- the valve control unit 87 transmits a signal V1 for fully closing the flow rate adjusting valve 28 to the flow rate adjusting valve 28, transmits a signal V2 for fully opening the electronic expansion valve 38 to the electronic expansion valve 38, and connects the refrigerant passage 35.
- a signal V ⁇ b> 3 for switching opening and closing of the switching valve 52 is transmitted to the switching valve 52 so as to communicate with the passage 51.
- an annular path for circulating the refrigerant is formed between the cooling unit 30 and the heat exchanger 14, and a thermosiphon heat pipe is formed.
- the liquid phase refrigerant cooled in the heat exchanger 14 is circulated to the cooling unit 30 by the action of gravity, and the HV equipment 31 is cooled by exchanging heat between the refrigerant flowing in the cooling passage 32 and the HV equipment 31. .
- the refrigerant vapor heated and vaporized by the cooling unit 30 rises in the annular path and reaches the heat exchanger 14 again.
- control flow is returned, and the process returns to the determination of whether or not to finish the cooling of the heat source in step (S10).
- step (S10) If it is determined in step (S10) that the cooling of the heat source is finished, the supply of the refrigerant to the cooling unit 30 is stopped, and the cooling of the HV device 31 is stopped.
- both the “air conditioner operation mode” and the “heat pipe operation mode” are performed based on the operation state of the air conditioner when the sport travel mode is not selected.
- the HV equipment 31 that is a heat source can be cooled.
- the heat pipe operation mode the HV device 31 can be reliably cooled without the need to start the compressor 12, so that it is not necessary to always operate the compressor 12 for cooling the HV device 31. Therefore, the power consumption of the compressor 12 can be reduced and the fuel consumption of the vehicle can be improved.
- the life of the compressor 12 can be extended, so the reliability of the compressor 12 can be improved.
- the open / close state of the switching valve 52 is controlled in accordance with the start or stop of the compressor 12 for switching the operation mode of the cooling device 1.
- the switching of the operation mode of the cooling device 1 can be performed by the passenger of the electric vehicle manually operating the control panel to switch the air conditioner on / off.
- the operation mode of the cooling device 1 is switched so as to cool the HV device 31 in the heat pipe operation mode. Since the compressor 12 stops when the heat pipe operation mode is selected, the operation time of the compressor 12 can be further shortened. As a result, the effects of reducing the power consumption of the compressor 12 and improving the reliability of the compressor 12 can be obtained more significantly.
- the HV device 31 that is a heat source can be cooled in one of the operation modes of “air conditioner ON / low temperature refrigerant cooling operation mode” or “air conditioner OFF / low temperature refrigerant cooling operation mode”.
- the flow of the refrigerant passing through the bypass path 41 is selected by the switching valve 52, and the gas-liquid separator 40 passes from the cooling unit 30 via the bypass path 41.
- the cooling capacity of the HV device 31 can be further improved by reducing and expanding the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling unit 30 by expanding and expanding the refrigerant with the electronic expansion valve 38 on the upstream side of the cooling unit 30.
- the cooling device 1 for cooling an electric device mounted on a vehicle has been described using the HV device 31 as an example.
- the electric device is not limited to the exemplified electric device such as an inverter and a motor generator as long as it is an electric device that generates heat at least by operation, and may be any electric device.
- the target temperature range for cooling is a temperature range suitable as a temperature environment for operating the electrical equipment.
- the heat source cooled by the cooling device 1 of the present invention is not limited to an electric device mounted on a vehicle, and may be an arbitrary device that generates heat, or a part that generates heat from an arbitrary device.
- the cooling device of the present invention is particularly advantageous for cooling electrical equipment using a vapor compression refrigeration cycle for cooling the interior of a vehicle such as an electric vehicle equipped with electrical equipment such as a motor generator, an inverter, and a battery. Can be applied to.
- cooling device 10 vapor compression refrigeration cycle, 12 compressor, 14, 15, 18 heat exchanger, 16 expansion valve, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36 refrigerant Passage, 28 flow control valve, 30 cooling section, 31 HV equipment, 32 cooling passage, 38 electronic expansion valve, 40 gas-liquid separator, 41 bypass path, 42 condenser fan, 51 communication path, 52 switching valve, 80 control section, 81 ECU, 82 air conditioner switch, 83 sport driving mode selection switch, 84 temperature input unit, 85 compressor control unit, 87 valve control unit.
Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1の冷却装置1の構成を示す模式図である。図1に示すように、冷却装置1は、蒸気圧縮式冷凍サイクル10を備える。蒸気圧縮式冷凍サイクル10は、たとえば、車両の車内の冷房を行なうために、車両に搭載される。蒸気圧縮式冷凍サイクル10を用いた冷房は、たとえば、冷房を行なうためのスイッチがオンされた場合、または、自動的に車両の室内の温度を設定温度になるように調整する自動制御モードが選択されており、かつ、車室内の温度が設定温度よりも高い場合に行なわれる。
図6は、実施の形態2の冷却装置1の構成を示す模式図である。実施の形態1の切替弁52は三方弁として設けられたのに対し、実施の形態2の切替弁52は四方弁である。切替弁52は、四箇所の配管接続口を有する四方弁として設けられている。冷媒通路35は、切替弁52の第一の配管接続口に接続されている。冷媒通路36は、切替弁52の第二の配管接続口に接続されている。バイパス経路41は、切替弁52の第三の配管接続口に接続されている。切替弁52の第四の配管接続口には、連通路51が接続されている。
また、連通路51を備えることにより、連通路51を経由させて圧縮機12を経由せずに冷却部30と熱交換器14との間に冷媒を循環させる環状の経路を形成できる。この環状の経路を経由して、圧縮機12を動作することなく、熱交換器14と冷却部30との間に冷媒を循環させることができる。冷媒の流通のための動力が圧縮機12から与えられない状態でも、HV機器31を確実に冷却できるので、HV機器31の冷却のために必要な動力を低減することができる。
Claims (10)
- 発熱源(31)を冷却する冷却装置(1)であって、
冷媒を循環させるための圧縮機(12)と、
前記冷媒と外気との間で熱交換する第一熱交換器(14)と、
前記冷媒を減圧する減圧器(16)と、
前記冷媒と空調用空気との間で熱交換する第二熱交換器(18)と、
前記第一熱交換器(14)と前記減圧器(16)との間を流れる前記冷媒の経路上に設けられ、前記冷媒を用いて前記発熱源(31)を冷却する冷却部(30)と、
前記減圧器(16)および前記第二熱交換器(18)をバイパスするバイパス経路(41)と、
前記冷却部(30)から前記減圧器(16)へ向かう前記冷媒の流れと前記バイパス経路(41)を経由する前記冷媒の流れとを選択的に切り替える経路選択部(52)と、を備える、冷却装置(1)。 - 前記冷媒の温度を低下させる減温器(38)を備え、
前記減温器(38)は、前記経路選択部(52)が前記バイパス経路(41)を経由する前記冷媒の流れを選択するとき、前記冷却部(30)を流れる前記冷媒の温度を低下させる、請求項1に記載の冷却装置(1)。 - 前記第一熱交換器(14)と前記冷却部(30)との間を流れる前記冷媒の経路上に設けられた電子膨張弁(38)を備える、請求項2に記載の冷却装置(1)。
- 前記第二熱交換器(18)と前記圧縮機(12)との間を流れる前記冷媒の経路上に設けられた気液分離器(40)を備え、
前記冷却部(30)から前記バイパス経路(41)を経由して流れる前記冷媒は、前記気液分離器(40)へ流入する、請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の冷却装置(1)。 - 前記経路選択部(52)は、前記発熱源(31)による発熱量の増大時に、前記バイパス経路(41)を経由する前記冷媒の流れを選択する、請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の冷却装置(1)。
- 前記圧縮機(12)と前記第一熱交換器(14)との間を流れる前記冷媒の経路と、前記冷却部(30)と前記減圧器(16)との間を流れる前記冷媒の経路と、を連通する連通路(51)を備える、請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の冷却装置(1)。
- 前記経路選択部(52)は、前記冷却部(30)から前記連通路(51)へ向かう前記冷媒の流れを形成可能である、請求項6に記載の冷却装置(1)。
- 発熱源(31)を冷却する冷却装置(1)の制御方法であって、
前記冷却装置(1)は、
冷媒を循環させるための圧縮機(12)と、
前記冷媒と外気との間で熱交換する第一熱交換器(14)と、
前記冷媒を減圧する減圧器(16)と、
前記冷媒と空調用空気との間で熱交換する第二熱交換器(18)と、
前記第一熱交換器(14)と前記減圧器(16)との間を流れる前記冷媒の経路上に設けられ、前記冷媒を用いて前記発熱源(31)を冷却する冷却部(30)と、
前記減圧器(16)および前記第二熱交換器(18)をバイパスするバイパス経路(41)と、
前記冷却部(30)から前記減圧器(16)へ向かう前記冷媒の流れと前記バイパス経路(41)を経由する前記冷媒の流れとを選択的に切り替える経路選択部(52)と、を備え、
前記発熱源(31)による発熱量を判断するステップ(S20)と、
前記発熱量を判断するステップ(S20)において発熱量がしきい値以上と判断された場合に、前記バイパス経路(41)を経由する前記冷媒の流れを形成して前記発熱源(31)を冷却するステップ(S40,S60)と、を備える、冷却装置(1)の制御方法。 - 前記冷却装置(1)は、前記第一熱交換器(14)と前記冷却部(30)との間を流れる前記冷媒の経路上に設けられた電子膨張弁(38)を備え、
前記冷却するステップ(S40,S60)において、前記電子膨張弁(38)の開度を小さくして前記発熱源(31)を冷却する、請求項8に記載の冷却装置(1)の制御方法。 - 前記発熱量を判断するステップ(S20)において発熱量がしきい値以上と判断された場合に前記圧縮機(12)の運転状態を判断するステップ(S30)と、
前記運転状態を判断するステップ(S30)において前記圧縮機(12)が停止中と判断された場合に、前記圧縮機(12)を起動するステップ(S50)と、を備える、請求項8または請求項9に記載の冷却装置(1)の制御方法。
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JP2013539484A JP5655954B2 (ja) | 2011-10-21 | 2011-10-21 | 冷却装置および冷却装置の制御方法 |
PCT/JP2011/074309 WO2013057832A1 (ja) | 2011-10-21 | 2011-10-21 | 冷却装置および冷却装置の制御方法 |
EP11874259.2A EP2770275A4 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2011-10-21 | COOLING DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD FOR A COOLING DEVICE |
US14/350,231 US20140250929A1 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2011-10-21 | Cooling device and method of controlling cooling device |
CN201180074312.1A CN103906983A (zh) | 2011-10-21 | 2011-10-21 | 冷却装置和冷却装置的控制方法 |
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US (1) | US20140250929A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2770275A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5655954B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103906983A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013057832A1 (ja) |
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WO2018100711A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
JP7301714B2 (ja) | 2019-10-29 | 2023-07-03 | 株式会社ヴァレオジャパン | 冷却装置 |
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US11002179B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2021-05-11 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for control of coolant flow through an engine coolant system |
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EP3361192B1 (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2019-09-04 | Daikin Europe N.V. | Heat source unit and air conditioner having the heat source unit |
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CN112140831B (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2022-04-26 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | 热管理系统 |
JP2021169286A (ja) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 自動車用の熱管理システム |
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CN113858526B (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-21 | 泉州玉环模具有限公司 | 制鞋模具 |
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WO2018100711A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
JP7301714B2 (ja) | 2019-10-29 | 2023-07-03 | 株式会社ヴァレオジャパン | 冷却装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5655954B2 (ja) | 2015-01-21 |
EP2770275A1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
JPWO2013057832A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
CN103906983A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
EP2770275A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
US20140250929A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
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