WO2013056665A1 - 一种扩展视野的车用装备 - Google Patents

一种扩展视野的车用装备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013056665A1
WO2013056665A1 PCT/CN2012/083179 CN2012083179W WO2013056665A1 WO 2013056665 A1 WO2013056665 A1 WO 2013056665A1 CN 2012083179 W CN2012083179 W CN 2012083179W WO 2013056665 A1 WO2013056665 A1 WO 2013056665A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
view
field
vehicle
curved
vehicle device
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PCT/CN2012/083179
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨学斌
Original Assignee
Yang Xuebin
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2013056665A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013056665A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R1/00Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/02Rear-view mirror arrangements
    • B60R1/08Rear-view mirror arrangements involving special optical features, e.g. avoiding blind spots, e.g. convex mirrors; Side-by-side associations of rear-view and other mirrors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0123Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of automobile safety, and in particular to a vehicle device capable of expanding an observer's field of view and reducing an open field of view of a blind spot. Background technique
  • the car is equipped with rearview mirrors.
  • the driver can see the rear of the car and the roads on both sides through the rearview mirror.
  • the blind zone is the blind spot for the rear of the car when reversing.
  • there are also small blind spots in the front of the car such as the left and right rearview mirrors mounted on the car and the A-pillar (the front windshield and the left and right front doors). The blind zone caused by the occlusion between the columns.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blind spot of the tail of the automobile, as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the straight line 4 is the lowest line of sight from the driver's head position 2 in the car 1 and can be observed from the straight line 4 to the ground 3
  • the shaded area becomes a blind spot 5 of the rear of the car that the driver cannot see.
  • the blind zone 5 is more than a few meters from the rear of the car, and its height is also about 1 meter. It can completely cover children or other facilities, and it will cause serious safety hazards when the car is reversing.
  • the product reversing sticker fixed on the inner side of the rear windshield; the product reversing sticker scheme is a technical solution based on optical refraction, and is a cost-effective solution.
  • the market price is mostly around tens of yuan. It is actually a Fresnel concave lens with a focal length of about -330 ,.
  • 200720112889 discloses a The Fresnel lens is fixed on the vehicle body with some connecting devices, and the Fresnel lens can be placed in a vertical state, so that the driver can see the field of view when viewing, and the image quality is high, but this method affects the passengers in the rear seat. Comfort, and because the attachment is typically an air suction cup or glue bond, the lens easily slips off the body when the car is bumpy. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for designing a vehicle device with an extended field of view.
  • the design method of the device can be applied to a plurality of vehicle models to expand the driver's viewing field and reduce the blind spot.
  • the present invention discloses a vehicle device with extended field of view and a design method thereof.
  • the vehicle device with extended field of view is made of a transparent material, one side of which is flat or curved, and the other side is A shape and/or a convex polygonal surface structure formed by a groove on which a part or all of the facets constituting each of the corners are not perpendicular to a plane or a curved surface.
  • grooves form a straight or curved shape on the facet, or a geometric shape consisting of a straight line and/or a curved line.
  • the cross section of the device consists of a series of serrated scalloped edges and linear or curved edges, the partial or all sides forming each of the ridges not being aligned with straight edges or arcs The edges are vertical.
  • the vertices of each of the ridges on the rib edges are on the same straight line or not on the same straight line.
  • the distance between every two vertices on the rib edge is the same or different.
  • each of the pits on the rib edge is on the same line or not on the same line. Further, the distance between each two pits on the rib edge is the same or different.
  • the vehicle device with extended field of view is disposed at the side, the top edge, the bottom edge or the middle of the automobile glass, and is integrated with the automobile glass. Further, the extended view vehicle device has a curvature of a flat or curved end that matches the curvature of the automotive glass surface.
  • the vehicle device with extended field of view is disposed on the automobile glass or the vehicle body through a connecting member, or directly attached to the automobile glass.
  • the beneficial effects of the above technical solution of the present invention are as follows:
  • the vehicle device of the extended vision of the present invention is integrated with the windshield or the window glass or directly attached to the windshield or the window glass to expand the driver's Observing the field of view, the driver can clearly see the situation behind the car or in front of the car when reversing or starting, which is low in cost, easy to manufacture, and easy to install, and at the same time, the effect of eliminating the blind spot is better.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the blind spot of the tail of the car
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the currently used commodity reversing sticker to produce a chalk area
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a vehicle device with an extended view of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle device with an extended field of view according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle device with an extended field of view according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic view showing a straight line of a facet of a vehicle device with an extended field of view according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6B is an edge of a vehicle device with an extended field of view according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6C is a schematic diagram showing a circular shape of a face of a vehicle device with an extended field of view according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the effect of a vehicle device with an extended field of view of the present invention.
  • FIG 2 is a schematic diagram of the current use of the product reversing sticker to produce a chalk area, as shown in Figure 2:
  • This figure shows a cross-sectional view of the current state of use of the product reversing sticker (Pi and Qi constitute the facet of the reverse sticker
  • the cross-section intersects the scalloped edge, the UV forms the plane or smooth surface of the reverse sticker and the cross-section intersects the straight line or the smooth curved edge), when the plane or smooth surface of the reverse sticker is inclined to match the inclination angle of the automobile glass,
  • the incident ray 1 is emitted horizontally at the final ray 4 after being refracted by the smooth surface and P 3 Q 2 , and enters the driver's field of view, thereby helping to expand the field of view.
  • the edge surface forms each corner.
  • One of the two facets is completely perpendicular
  • the smooth surface through the light 2 and P 3 Q 2 P occlusion 2 without refraction Q 2 will be emitted downward as shown by the broken line 7, but actually due to the presence of P 2 Q 2, the light may be P 2 Q 2 and P are again refracted into an approximately horizontal line 5, so that the light 5 interferes with the light 4; in addition, the incoming ray 3 from above passes through the smooth surface and is incident on P 3 Qj because of its large incident angle. The generation of full light 4 on the surface will also cause interference.
  • the driver Since the light 5 and the light 6 cause a large amount of useless light to be reflected or refracted into the driver's field of view, although the driver has a large amount of light in the field of view, since the light actually originates from a completely different spatial position, eventually The driver can't observe a clear image from these rays, but instead sees a white area.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a vehicle device with an extended field of view according to the present invention.
  • the extended field of view is provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vehicle device is made of a transparent material.
  • the transparent material may be glass or plexiglass; one side of the device is flat or curved, and the other surface is concave formed by grooves. And/or a convex polygonal surface structure.
  • At least one of the two facets constituting each of the corners on the polygonal surface of the extended vision device of the present invention is not perpendicular to the plane or the curved surface, and the other facet can be flat with the plane. Or the surface is vertical; preferably, the expansion of the invention
  • the two facets of each corner of the vehicle device on the multi-faceted surface of the field of view are not perpendicular to the plane or the curved surface.
  • one of the two facets of the single edge can be formed on the polygon face. Adjust to approximate level.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle device with an extended field of view according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cross-sectional view of the vehicle device with extended field of view is characterized by a series of serrated edges and straight lines.
  • the edge or the arcuate edge is composed, and all the sides forming each tooth are not perpendicular to the straight edge or the curved edge.
  • all the facets of each of the corners on the polygonal surface of the extended vision device are not perpendicular to the plane or the curved surface, and therefore, the rib edge of the cross section of the device is formed.
  • Each side of the tooth is not perpendicular to the straight or curved side.
  • the vertex (P t as shown by, P 2, P 3 ?? P k points) of each tooth profile of the tooth-shaped edge profile height may be the same or different (which can vertices In a straight line, it may not be in a straight line.
  • the spacing between two adjacent vertices may be equal or unequal; the pits of each tooth on the rib edge (as shown in the figure) in, Q 2, Q 3 & Q k point) height may be the same or different (pits which may not be in a straight line on a straight line), the spacing between two adjacent pits can Isometric spacing can also be unequal spacing.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle device with an extended field of view according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • it is basically the same as FIG. 4A, and the difference is that: Straight or curved edges are vertical.
  • the partial facets of the multi-faceted surface of the extended vision vehicle device are partially perpendicular to the plane or the curved surface, and all the edges of the remaining corners are not perpendicular to the plane or the curved surface.
  • one of the two sides forming a partial tooth on the flank of the cross section of the device is perpendicular to the straight edge or the curved edge (as shown by the vertical line and the vertical angle of the ridge pattern) Edge), the other edges are not perpendicular to the straight or curved edges.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the refractive principle of the vehicle device with extended vision in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the extended field of view vehicle When the device is in use, the curvature of the plane or curved end is matched with the curvature of the surface of the automobile glass, assuming that the angle between the ray CD and the horizontal plane is ⁇ ;
  • all of them can generally be taken as 0° or approximately equal to - in design, thereby eliminating the occlusion of the PA from the light refracted from P i+ A, that is, the above figure does not appear.
  • the device of the present invention can ensure the largest possible imaging area.
  • the design of this kind can also reduce the possibility of the light path of rays 3 to 6 in Fig. 2, even if some incident light is totally reflected by PA, the reflected light will be far away from the horizontal direction after passing P, so it will not enter driving. The field of view of the person, thereby reducing the interference caused by the observation. As can be seen from Fig.
  • the groove forms a straight or curved shape on the facet (as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B), or other geometric shapes composed of a straight line and/or a curved line (FIG. 6C).
  • the circular shape shown can be designed into various shapes according to the actual needs according to the actual needs, such as a fan shape, an elliptical shape, etc., any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., should be included in the present invention.
  • a fan shape an elliptical shape, etc., any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc.
  • the vehicle device for expanding the field of view of the present invention in one embodiment of the specific application, the vehicle device for expanding the field of view It can be part or all of a piece of automobile glass, that is, in the design process of the automobile glass, the required refractive process by the automobile glass is considered, so that the manufactured automobile glass not only satisfies the requirements of strength, wind resistance, etc., but also satisfies the solution.
  • the extended field of view vehicle device may also be a separate device such as a reverse sticker, which may be directly attached to the windshield or the window glass, or may be fixed by a connecting member.
  • a reverse sticker On the car body, it can be placed on the side, top, bottom or middle of the car glass. Since this model-by-vehicle design method can only guarantee the best parameters for one type of vehicle, when one model is designed to be used on other models, the imaging and use effects are sometimes poor, but the design takes into account the car. The glass is tilted and its use is always better than current product reversing stickers.
  • the vehicle with extended field of view may be fixed on the connector or may be movable for driver adjustment.
  • the vehicle device of the extended field of view of the present invention when the vehicle device of the extended field of view of the present invention is a stand-alone device, it can be mounted on a bracket, and then the bracket is installed in the interior of the car by screws, rivets or suction cups or glue. Later; or the vehicle device of the present invention with extended field of view is directly attached to the rear windshield.
  • the driver can compare
  • the vehicle device of the extended field of view of the present invention can also be mounted on a bracket, and then the bracket is mounted on the inner side of the A-pillar of the automobile by screws, rivets or suction cups, of course, If it is installed by glue or other means, or directly attached to the area of the front windshield near the A-pillar, the driver's view on the side where the device is installed can be obtained due to the refraction of the vehicle with extended field of view.
  • the extended field of view vehicle can be fixed on the stand or can be active for driver adjustment.
  • the vehicle device of the extended field of view of the present invention can also be mounted on a bracket, and then the bracket is mounted on the upper part of the front windshield of the automobile by screws, rivets or suction cups, of course, If it is installed by glue or other means, or attached directly to the upper part of the front windshield, it can extend the view above or below the front of the 3 historyr due to the refraction of the vehicle with extended field of view.
  • the vehicle with extended field of view can be fixed on the stand or can be active for driver adjustment.
  • the vehicle device of the extended field of view of the present invention can also be mounted on a bracket, and then the bracket is mounted on some window glass on both sides of the car by screws, rivets or suction cups.
  • the bracket can also be installed by glue or other means, or attached directly to some window glass on both sides of the car.
  • the driver's side can be extended by the refraction of the extended view vehicle. The view from the side below.
  • the extended field of view vehicle can be fixed on the stand or can be active for driver adjustment.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the effect of the vehicle using the extended vision device of the present invention.
  • the vehicle for extending the field of view of the present invention is used on the rear windshield 7 of the automobile.
  • Device 8 the area between the dashed line 4 and the ground 3 in the figure is the observation dead zone from the driver's head position 2 in the car 1 when there is no auxiliary device, after using the vehicle device 8 of the extended field of view of the present invention, the blind zone 5 is reduced to an area between the straight line 6 and the ground 3, and since the apparatus of the present invention can effectively refract light to the driver's field of view, the image is relatively large, so that the driver can view it.
  • the vehicle device 8 of the extended field of view of the present invention can reduce the blind area of the tail of the car from 4 meters to 1 meter. .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种扩展视野的车用装置,所述扩展视野的车用装置采用透明材料制成,所述装置的一面呈平面或曲面、另一面为由沟槽形成的凹形和/或凸形的多棱面结构,所述多棱面上构成每个棱角的部分或全部棱面不与平面或曲面垂直。所述扩展视野的车用装置与挡风玻璃或者车窗玻璃融为一体或直接贴附在挡风玻璃或者车窗玻璃上,以扩大驾驶员的观察视野,使驾驶员在倒车或启动时可以清楚地看到车后或车前的情况。其消除盲区效果更好,且成本低廉、易于制作、安装方便。

Description

说 明 书
一种扩展视野的车用装置
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车安全领域, 具体涉及能够扩展驾驶员的观察视野、 减少 盲区的一种扩展视野的车用装置。 背景技术
汽车上都装有后视镜, 驾驶员在驾车时可以通过后视镜看到汽车尾部和 两旁的道路情况, 但是由于车辆本身物理结构的原因, 存在着一定的视域盲 区, 其中一个典型的盲区就是倒车时对车尾部的观察盲区, 另外, 在汽车的 前部也存在着不小的观察盲区, 如安装在汽车上的左右后视镜以及 A柱(汽 车前挡风玻璃和左右前车门之间的柱)遮挡所造成的盲区。 虽然有些车辆在 后视镜上增设了另外的透镜,可以一定程度上减小左右后视镜对侧后方的观 察盲区, 但是对于车辆尾部正后方的改善情况不明显。 图 1为汽车尾部的盲 区示意图, 如图 1所示, 其中直线 4为从汽车 1内的驾驶员头部位置 2处所 能观察到汽车尾部的最低视线, 因此, 从直线 4到地面 3之间的阴影区域成 为驾驶员观察不到的汽车尾部的盲区 5。 该盲区 5距离汽车尾部达到数米以 上, 且其高度也在 1米左右, 完全可以遮住儿童或其它设施, 在汽车倒车时 将造成严重的安全隐患。
为了解决汽车尾部的盲区问题, 目前已有如下几种解决方案, 但都存在 着一定的问题:
1 ) 使用基于超声波探测的倒车雷达; 对于装有倒车雷达的汽车, 一 般用声音提示汽车尾部与障碍物之间的距离, 因此并不直观, 在 倒车时对于具体情况还是不甚了解, 而且由于倒车雷达的价格较 贵, 大量车辆并未安装倒车雷达, 对于这种情况, 在倒车时容易 出现不清楚车后的状况而发生交通事故; 而对汽车进行一定的电 路改造并加装一些电子设备, 当改造工艺不过关时可能会形成其 他的安全隐患 (如火灾等)。
) 在车尾加装摄像头, 车内加装显示器显示摄像头的观察区域; 其 优点是探测精度高, 可以做到几乎完全消除后部盲区, 但其成本 高, 动辄需要数千元, 而且由于现在大量汽车出厂时并不带有这 些设备, 因此需要对汽车进行一定的电路改造才能将这些电子设 备加装上去,当改造工艺不过关时可能会形成其他的安全隐患(如 火灾等); 另外驾驶员既要观察车外, 同时还要看车内的显示器, 显然这会增加了驾驶员的负担, 造成新的安全隐患, 而且当驾驶 员技术不熟练时, 也很不方便。
) 固定在车后挡风玻璃内侧的商品倒车贴; 商品倒车贴方案是一种 基于光学折射的技术方案, 且是一种物美价廉的解决方案, 目前 市场售价大都在几十元左右, 它实际是一个焦距约为 -330匪的菲 涅尔凹透镜, 通过将其固定在后挡风玻璃上, 大部分盲区的光线 可以折射到驾驶员头部位置附近, 这样驾驶员在倒车时可以扭头 观察到车后部的大致情况, 也可以通过车内的后视镜观察到车后 部的大致情况; 但商品倒车贴的使用也有极大的局限性: 比如只 能用于后挡风玻璃比较垂直的两厢车、 面包车等车型, 而对于三 厢车或后挡风玻璃比较水平的两厢车, 驾驶员通过目前的倒车贴 看到的车后部区域的成像很小, 观察较困难, 而且即使是用在后 挡风玻璃比较垂直的两厢车上, 目前的商品倒车贴在下半部分也 经常会有一些白茫茫的区域; 目前市面上也有一些基于倒车贴的 变形, 如申请号为 200720112889的中国专利申请, 公开了一种将 菲涅尔透镜用一些连接装置固定在车体上, 可以将菲涅尔透镜置 于垂直状态, 以使得驾驶员观察时的视野开阔, 且成像质量较高, 但该方式影响后排座位乘客的舒适度, 而且由于连接装置一般为 空气吸盘或胶粘接, 当汽车产生颠簸时透镜容易从车体上滑落。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种方法设计扩展视野的车用装置, 该装置的设计方法能够适用于多种车型, 以实现扩展驾驶员的观察视野、 减 少盲区。
本发明为了解决上述技术问题,公开了一种扩展视野的车用装置及其设 计方法, 所述扩展视野的车用装置采用透明材料制成, 所述装置的一面呈平 面或曲面、 另一面为由沟槽形成的 形和 /或凸形的多棱面结构, 所述多棱 面上构成每个棱角的部分或全部棱面不与平面或曲面垂直。
进一步, 所述沟槽在棱面上形成直线形或曲线形, 或由直线形和 /或曲 线形组成的几何形状。
进一步,所述装置的横截面由带有一系列锯齿状的齿纹形边和直线形边 或弧线形边组成, 所述形成每个齿纹的部分或全部边不与直线形边或弧线形 边垂直。
进一步,所述齿纹形边上的每个齿纹的顶点在同一直线上或不在同一直 线上。
进一步, 所述齿纹形边上的每两个顶点之间的距离相同或不相同。
进一步, 所述齿纹形边上的每个凹点在同一直线上或不在同一直线上。 进一步, 所述齿纹形边上的每两个凹点之间的距离相同或不相同。
进一步, 所述扩展视野的车用装置设置于汽车玻璃的侧边、 顶边、 底边 或者中间, 并与汽车玻璃融为一体。 进一步 ,所述扩展视野的车用装置呈平面或曲面端的弧度与汽车玻璃表 面的弧度相匹配。
进一步, 所述扩展视野的车用装置通过连接件设置于汽车玻璃或车体 上, 或者直接贴附在汽车玻璃上。
采用上述本发明技术方案的有益效果是: 本发明的扩展视野的车用装置 与挡风玻璃或者车窗玻璃融为一体或直接贴附在挡风玻璃或者车窗玻璃上, 以扩大驾驶员的观察视野,使驾驶员在倒车或启动时可以清楚地看到车后或 车前的情况, 其成本低廉、 易于制作, 并且安装方便, 同时消除盲区效果更 好。 附图说明
图 1为汽车尾部的盲区示意图;
图 2为目前使用的商品倒车贴产生白茫茫区域的原理图;
图 3为本发明的扩展视野的车用装置实施例一示意图;
图 4 Α为本发明实施例中扩展视野的车用装置的横截面示意图; 图 4 B为本发明实施例中扩展视野的车用装置的横截面示意图; 图 5为本发明实施例中扩展视野的车用装置使用时的折光原理图; 图 6A为本发明实施例中扩展视野的车用装置的棱面呈直线形示意图; 图 6 B为本发明实施例中扩展视野的车用装置的棱面呈曲线形示意图; 图 6C为本发明实施例中扩展视野的车用装置的棱面呈圓形示意图; 图 7为汽车采用本发明扩展视野的车用装置时的效果示意图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述, 所举实例只用于解释本 发明, 并非用于限定本发明的范围。 图 2为目前使用的商品倒车贴产生白茫茫区域的原理图, 如图 2所示: 该图给出了目前的商品倒车贴使用状态的横截面图(Pi和 Qi构成倒车贴的棱 面与横截面相交成的齿纹形边, UV构成倒车贴的平面或光滑面与横截面相交 成的直线或光滑曲线形边), 当倒车贴的平面或光滑面倾斜到与汽车玻璃倾 角一致时,入射光线 1在被光滑面和 P3Q2折射后的最终出射线 4近似呈水平射 出, 进入驾驶员视野, 从而帮助扩展视野; 但由于目前使用的商品倒车贴其 棱面上构成每个棱角的两个棱面中有一条是与光滑面完全垂直的, 因此导致 两束入射光 2和 3的光路出现了很大的问题:
首先, 光线 2经过光滑面和 P3Q2折射后如果没有 P2Q2的遮挡会按虚线 7所 示向下射出, 但实际上由于存在 P2Q2, 该光线可能会被 P2Q2和 P 再次折射成近 似水平线 5射出, 因此光线 5对光线 4形成干扰; 另外, 从上方来的入射线 3经过光滑面折射后入射到 P3Qj , 由于其入射角很大, 从而在该面上产生全 光线 4也将造成干扰。
由于光线 5和光线 6使得有大量的无用区域的光线被反射或折射到驾驶 员的视野中, 虽然驾驶员的视野中有大量的光线, 但由于这些光线实际来源 于完全不同的空间位置, 最终驾驶员并不能由这些光线观察到一个清晰的成 像, 反而看到的是一片白茫茫的区域。
本发明一实施例提供了一种扩展视野的车用装置, 图 3为本发明的扩展 视野的车用装置实施例一示意图, 如图 3所示, 在本发明实施例中, 所述扩 展视野的车用装置为由透明的材料制成, 在本实施例中, 所述透明的材料可 以是玻璃或者有机玻璃; 所述装置的一面呈平面或曲面、 另一面为由沟槽形 成的凹形和 /或凸形的多棱面结构。 与常用的倒车贴不同, 本发明的扩展视 野的车用装置的多棱面上构成每个棱角的两个棱面中至少有一个棱面不与 平面或曲面垂直, 另一个棱面可以与平面或曲面垂直; 优选的, 本发明的扩 展视野的车用装置的多棱面上构成每个棱角的两个棱面都不与平面或曲面 垂直, 在实际使用时, 可以将多棱面上形成单个棱角的两个棱面中的一个调 整成近似为水平。
图 4A为本发明实施例中扩展视野的车用装置的横截面示意图, 如图 4A 所示,所述扩展视野的车用装置的横截面由带有一系列锯齿状的齿纹形边和 直线形边或弧线形边组成, 所述形成每个齿纹的全部边都不与直线形边或弧 线形边垂直。 在本发明实施例中, 所述扩展视野的车用装置的多棱面上构成 每个棱角的全部棱面都不与平面或曲面垂直, 因此, 所述装置横截面的齿纹 形边上形成齿纹的每条边都不与直线形边或弧线形边垂直。 该实施方式中, 所述齿纹形边上的每个齿纹的顶点 (如图中的 Pt 、 P2 、 P3 …… Pk点) 的高度 可以相同,也可以不同(其顶点可以在一条直线上也可以不在一条直线上), 相邻两个顶点之间的间距可以是等间距也可以是不等间距; 所述齿纹形边上 的每个齿纹的凹点 (如图中的 、 Q2 、 Q3 …… Qk点) 的高度可以相同, 也可 以不同 (其凹点可以在一条直线上也可以不在一条直线上) , 相邻两个凹点 之间的间距可以是等间距也可以是不等间距。
图 4B为本发明实施例中扩展视野的车用装置的横截面示意图, 在本发 明实施例中, 其基本与图 4A相同, 不同之处在于: 所述形成每个齿纹的部 分边不与直线形边或弧线形边垂直。 具体为, 所述扩展视野的车用装置的多 棱面上构成部分棱角的部分棱面与平面或曲面垂直, 而剩下的棱角的所有棱 面都不与平面或曲面垂直。 因此, 所述装置横截面的齿纹形边上形成部分齿 纹的两条边中有一条与直线形边或弧线形边垂直(如图中带有垂直线与垂直 角标识的齿纹形边) , 其他的边不与直线形边或弧线形边垂直。
以下通过光学原理详细描述本发明的装置是如何解决现有倒车贴中存 在白茫茫区域的技术问题的, 图 5为本发明实施例中扩展视野的车用装置使 用时的折光原理图, 如图 5所示, 在本发明实施例中, 所述扩展视野的车用 装置在使用时呈平面或曲面端的弧度与汽车玻璃表面的弧度相匹配 ,假设出 射线 CD与水平面的夹角为 γ;。 入射线 ΑΒ在平面或曲面端的入射角为 α;1 , 其折 射角为 cti2 , 且 Sin(ail) = W Sin((xi2), 其中 n为制造本装置的材料的折射率, 折线 线从 B出发与棱面相交与点 C , 从而发生第二次折射, 第二次折射的入射角为 β;1 , 折射角为 β;2, M*sin(p;1) = sin(pi2) , 且 βίΊ依赖于 ftPi+1与水平线的夹角 ^ , 因 此 βί2也依赖于 ftPi+1与水平线的夹角 ^。 而^又由 βί2和 *^唯一决定( γ; = β;2 + θ; - 90° ), 因此当入射线与平面或曲面端的夹角一定后, γ;可以由 唯一决定, 并且可以通过调节 *^的取值, 使得 γ;近似为 0 , 即 CD近似为水平。 同时为减 小另一条折线 ftP †出射光线可能造成的遮挡, 调节 ftPi的倾斜程度(即调节 角度 尽量使出射线 CD不会与之相交从而发生进一步的折射, 因此, 从 盲区来的光线可以被本发明的装置有效的引导到驾驶员的观察视野之内。
在实际设计中通常期望平面或曲面端的倾角与汽车玻璃的倾角一致。 在具体应用时一般将 γ;设计在 ±15 °范围内, 其中每条出射光线的 γ;可以 稍有不同或完全相同,主要依据具体应用时本发明装置的安装高度和司机的 身材来决定具体的取值。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中, 所有的 在设计时一般可以都取为 0° , 或近似等于 - , 从而消除 PA对从 Pi+A折射出的光线造成的遮挡, 即不会 出现上图 2中光线 2到 5的光路, 因此本发明的装置能够保证尽量大的成像 区域。同时这样设计的^也可以减小图 2中光线 3到 6的光路出现的可能性, 即使有些入射光线在被 PA全反射, 反射光经过 P 射后也会远离水平方 向, 因此不会进入驾驶员的视野, 从而减少对观察所造成的干扰。 从图 5中 可以看出, 当入射光线 EF反射后, 最终由出射光线 HK射出, 而最终的出射光 线 HK倾角远离 0° , 从而不会干扰驾驶员的观察。 虽然设计时的 ^都较小, 在 实际应用时, 由于汽车型号的不同, 汽车玻璃倾角也会有所不同, 因此如果 将按某一车型设计出的装置安装在其它车型上时, 实际安装后的 可以在一 个较大的范围内 (如 ±60° )浮动。
在本发明实施例中, 所述沟槽在棱面上形成直线形或曲线形 (如图 6A 和图 6B所示) , 或由直线形和 /或曲线形组成的其他几何形状(如图 6C所 示的圓形) , 当然, 本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要按上述原理设计成多 种形状, 如扇形、 橢圓形等, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包 含在本发明的保护范围之内。
如图 3、 图 4A、 图 4B、 图 5以及图 6A、 图 6B、 图 6C所示的本发明扩展 视野的车用装置, 在具体应用的一个实施方式中, 所述扩展视野的车用装置 可以是一片汽车玻璃的一部分或全部, 即在汽车玻璃的设计过程中就考虑到 由汽车玻璃来完成所需的折光过程, 从而使制造出的汽车玻璃不仅满足强 度、 风阻等要求, 还满足解决驾驶员视野死角所需的折光要求, 由于每个设 计都是对一个车型精心设计的, 因此可以获得最佳的成像与使用效果。
在本发明的另一实施方式中, 所述扩展视野的车用装置也可以是一个如 倒车贴的独立的装置, 可以直接贴附在挡风玻璃或者车窗玻璃上,也可以通 过连接件固定在汽车车体上, 可以设置于汽车玻璃的侧边、 顶边、 底边或者 中间。 由于该种按车型设计的方法只能保证对一种车型的参数最佳, 因此当 一种车型的设计使用在其他车型上会使得有些时候成像和使用效果稍差,但 由于设计时考虑到了车玻璃是倾斜的, 其使用效果始终优于目前的商品倒车 贴。 当使用连接件时, 扩展视野的车用装置在连接件上可以是固定的, 也可 以是活动的以便于驾驶员调整。
在本发明的第三种实施方式中, 当本发明扩展视野的车用装置为独立的 装置时, 可以安装在一个支架上, 然后支架再通过螺丝、 铆釘或吸盘或胶粘 安装在汽车内部的后面; 或者是将本发明扩展视野的车用装置直接贴附在后 挡风玻璃上。 由于本发明扩展视野的车用装置的折光作用, 驾 3史员可以比较 在本发明的第四种实施方式中,本发明扩展视野的车用装置还可以安装 在一个支架上,然后支架再通过螺丝、铆釘或吸盘安装在汽车 A柱的内侧边, 当然也可采用如胶水或者其他的方式进行安装, 或者直接贴附在前挡风玻璃 靠近 A柱的区域, 由于扩展视野的车用装置的折光作用, 驾驶员在安装了本 装置的那个侧边的视野可以得到了^艮大的扩展,当然也可以在两边都安装本 装置使得两边的视野都得到扩展。扩展视野的车用装置在支架上可以是固定 的, 也可以是活动的以便于驾驶员调整。
在本发明的第五种实施方式中,本发明扩展视野的车用装置还可以安装 在一个支架上, 然后支架再通过螺丝、 铆釘或吸盘安装在汽车前挡风玻璃的 上部, 当然也可采用如胶水或者其他的方式进行安装, 或者直接贴附在前挡 风玻璃的上部, 由于扩展视野的车用装置的折光作用, 可以扩展驾 3史员前部 上方或下方的视野。 扩展视野的车用装置在支架上可以是固定的, 也可以是 活动的以便于驾驶员调整。
在本发明的第六种实施方式中,本发明扩展视野的车用装置还可以安装 在一个支架上, 然后支架再通过螺丝、 铆釘或吸盘安装在汽车两个侧边的某 些车窗玻璃上, 当然也可采用如胶水或者其他的方式进行安装, 或者直接贴 附在汽车两个侧边的某些车窗玻璃上, 由于扩展视野的车用装置的折光作 用, 可以扩展驾驶员侧边或侧下方的视野。 扩展视野的车用装置在支架上可 以是固定的, 也可以是活动的以便于驾驶员调整。
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施例, 当然还有艮多其他的实施方 式, 此处无法——例举, 本领域的技术人员应该明白, 以上所举实施例并不 用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替 换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
图 7为汽车采用本发明扩展视野的车用装置时的效果示意图,如图 7所 示, 本发明实施例中, 在汽车后部挡风玻璃 7上使用本发明扩展视野的车用 装置 8 , 图中虚线 4到地面 3之间的区域是在无辅助装置时从汽车 1内的驾 驶员头部位置 2处的观察盲区, 在使用本发明扩展视野的车用装置 8后, 盲 区 5缩小为由直线 6到地面 3之间的区域, 而且由于本发明的装置可以将光 线有效折射到驾驶员视野中的区域大大增加, 因此该装置成的像比较大, 从 而便于驾驶员观察。 另外由于本发明装置棱面的特殊设计, 不会存在一大片 白茫茫的区域干扰驾驶员的视觉问题。 当汽车尾部高度为 1070毫米, 后备 箱宽度为 350毫米, 后挡风玻璃宽度为 566毫米和倾角为 32。时, 当没有任 何辅助装置时, 驾驶员很难看到距离车尾部在 4米以内的身高 80厘米的儿 童, 但在汽车上使用本发明扩展视野的车用装置 8后, 即使该儿童距离车尾 部仅 90厘米时, 驾驶员仍可以通过本装置 8清楚地看到该儿童, 通过本实 施例可以看出, 本发明扩展视野的车用装置 8能够将汽车尾部盲区由 4米减 小到 1米内。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明 的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发 明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种扩展视野的车用装置, 其特征在于, 所述扩展视野的车用装置 采用透明材料制成, 所述装置的一面呈平面或曲面、 另一面为由沟槽形成的 形和 /或凸形的多棱面结构, 所述多棱面上构成每个棱角的部分或全部棱 面不与平面或曲面垂直。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的扩展视野的车用装置, 其特征在于, 所述沟 槽在棱面上形成直线形或曲线形, 或由直线形和 /或曲线形组成的几何形状。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的扩展视野的车用装置, 其特征在于, 所述装 置的横截面由带有一系列锯齿状的齿纹形边和直线形边或弧线形边组成, 所 述形成每个齿纹的部分或全部边不与直线形边或弧线形边垂直。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的扩展视野的车用装置, 其特征在于, 所述齿 纹形边上的每个齿纹的顶点在同一直线上或不在同一直线上。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的扩展视野的车用装置, 其特征在于, 所述齿 纹形边上的每两个顶点之间的距离相同或不相同。
6. 根据权利要求 3所述的扩展视野的车用装置, 其特征在于, 所述齿 纹形边上的每个凹点在同一直线上或不在同一直线上。
7. 根据权利要求 3所述的扩展视野的车用装置, 其特征在于, 所述齿 纹形边上的每两个 点之间的距离相同或不相同。
8. 根据权利要求 1至 7任一项所述的扩展视野的车用装置, 其特征在 于,所述扩展视野的车用装置设置于汽车玻璃的侧边、顶边、底边或者中间, 并与汽车玻璃融为一体。
9. 根据权利要求 1至 7任一项所述的扩展视野的车用装置, 其特征在 于, 所述扩展视野的车用装置呈平面或曲面端的弧度与汽车玻璃表面的弧度 相匹配。
10.根据权利要求 9所述的扩展视野的车用装置, 其特征在于, 所述扩 展视野的车用装置通过连接件设置于汽车玻璃或车体上,或者直接贴附在汽 车玻璃上。
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