WO2013054390A1 - 排水の不活化方法及びシステム - Google Patents
排水の不活化方法及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013054390A1 WO2013054390A1 PCT/JP2011/073321 JP2011073321W WO2013054390A1 WO 2013054390 A1 WO2013054390 A1 WO 2013054390A1 JP 2011073321 W JP2011073321 W JP 2011073321W WO 2013054390 A1 WO2013054390 A1 WO 2013054390A1
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- water tank
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- raw water
- heating device
- sterilization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/003—Wastewater from hospitals, laboratories and the like, heavily contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/32—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the food or foodstuff industry, e.g. brewery waste waters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
- C02F2103/343—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the pharmaceutical industry, e.g. containing antibiotics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/001—Upstream control, i.e. monitoring for predictive control
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/003—Downstream control, i.e. outlet monitoring, e.g. to check the treating agents, such as halogens or ozone, leaving the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
- C02F2209/006—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC] comprising a software program or a logic diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/44—Time
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wastewater inactivation method and system, and in particular, includes microorganisms (one or more selected from bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, cyanobacterium, protozoa, viruses, phages, prions, etc., hereinafter the same).
- microorganisms one or more selected from bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, cyanobacterium, protozoa, viruses, phages, prions, etc., hereinafter the same.
- the present invention relates to a method and a system for inactivating wastewater that may be present (hereinafter sometimes referred to as microorganism-containing wastewater).
- inactivation In pharmaceutical factories or research laboratories such as vaccines and biopharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical factories or food factories or laboratories that use cell culture, blood product factories, hospitals, etc. In order to prevent leakage and diffusion, it is necessary to sterilize the microorganisms in the wastewater (hereinafter sometimes referred to as inactivation) before discharging it outside the facility. Although it is possible to inactivate using autoclave (high pressure steam sterilizer) or chemical disinfection, heat sterilization that can inactivate wastewater continuously using a relatively small heat exchanger is economically advantageous. Also, there is an advantage that microorganisms that cannot be sufficiently inactivated by chemicals can be handled by increasing the heating temperature.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose a heat sterilization method for waste water that can prevent such blockage and contamination of the piping in the system.
- the heat sterilization system disclosed in Patent Document 3 will be described with reference to FIG. 4 to the extent necessary for understanding the present invention.
- the heat sterilization system of FIG. 4 includes a raw water tank 1 that stores waste water A, a pH adjusting device 43 that adjusts the pH of the waste water A of the raw water tank 1, and a heating device 5 that heats and sterilizes the waste water A from the raw water tank 1. And a discharge channel 12 for discharging the sterilized waste water F output from the heating device 5.
- the heating device 5 is configured to sterilize the heated waste water A that is heated to the required sterilization temperature (for example, 135 ° C.) by heat exchange with the steam G, and the heated high-temperature waste water E that communicates with the outlet of the heater 6. It comprises a holding tube 7 such as a holding tube that holds a required time (for example, 90 seconds).
- the waste water A is adjusted to a pH at which the constituent proteins of the microorganisms are not precipitated even after denaturation by the pH adjusting device 43 and then sent to the inlet of the heater 6, and the sterilized waste water F discharged from the outlet of the holding tube 7 is appropriately cooled.
- To the discharge channel 12 (as the discharge water H).
- the heat sterilization system of FIG. 4 is provided with preheaters 11a and 11b having high-temperature channels 13a and 13b connected to the outlet of the holding tube 7 and low-temperature channels 14a and 14b connected to the inlet of the heater 6.
- the temperature is raised by heat exchange with the high temperature sterilized waste water F discharged from the holding pipe 7.
- a cleaning liquid tank 30 for storing the cleaning liquid I is provided, and an inlet selection valve 20 for selectively connecting the inlet of the low temperature channel 14a of the preheater 11a to the raw water tank 1 or the cleaning liquid tank 30, and a high temperature channel 13a of the preheater 11a.
- An outlet selection valve 25 that selectively connects the outlet to the discharge channel 12, the raw water tank 1 or the cleaning liquid tank 30, and a control device 41 that controls switching of the inlet selection valve 20 and the outlet selection valve 25 are provided.
- the control device 41 connects the inlet selection valve 20 to the raw water tank 1 and connects the outlet selection valve 25 to the discharge channel 11 so that the waste water A of the raw water tank 1 is passed through the preheaters 15a and 15b.
- the temperature is raised to the heater 6 and the high temperature sterilized waste water F held for a predetermined time by the holding pipe 7 is discharged from the discharge channel 11 to the outside of the system (for example, sewer) while being cooled via the preheaters 15b and 15a.
- the inlet selection valve 20 is switched to the cleaning liquid tank 30 and the outlet selection valve 25 is switched to the raw water tank 1 to send the cleaning liquid I into the system. It is returned to the raw water tank 1 by pushing out the residual waste water. Further, after all the residual waste water is returned to the raw water tank 1, the outlet selection valve 25 is connected to the cleaning liquid tank 30, and the cleaning liquid I is refluxed and circulated in the system. By circulating this cleaning liquid I in the system, piping in the system (microorganisms and other organic substances adhering to and deposited in the pipeline) contaminated by insufficiently heated waste water can be washed away.
- the heat sterilization system of FIG. 4 it is possible to inactivate a large amount of waste water A continuously and economically while avoiding the precipitation of denatured and solidified microorganisms.
- the discharge of untreated wastewater to the outside of the system and the contamination of the piping in the system due to the untreated wastewater can be prevented, and the inactivation treatment of the wastewater can be easily restarted when the heating temperature is restored.
- the system of the illustrated example inactivates the waste water A sent from the raw water tank 1 to the heating device 5, and has a problem that the waste water A in the raw water tank 1 cannot be inactivated.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system that can economically inactivate the raw water tank and the wastewater stored in the raw water tank.
- the present inventors paid attention to the heat sterilization treatment of the raw water tank 1 using the residual heat of the sterilized waste water F output from the heating device 5 in the heat sterilization system of FIG. If the raw water tank 1 is heated using the sterilized waste water F, a new heat source is not required, so an economical sterilization process can be expected. Moreover, although it is not easy to heat the relatively large raw water tank 1 to the same high temperature by the residual heat of the output waste water F of the relatively small heating device 5, even if the heating temperature of the raw water tank 1 is low, It has been noted that the inactivation level (hereinafter sometimes referred to as sterilization level) similar to that of the heating device 5 can be obtained by increasing the holding time of the heating temperature.
- sterilization level similar to that of the heating device 5 can be obtained by increasing the holding time of the heating temperature.
- the rate of decrease (death rate) of the number of microorganisms (viable cell count) N in waste water by heating is expressed by the following equation (1) using the death rate constant k (death probability per unit time) [min ⁇ 1 ]. it can be represented as, by integration using the initial number of living bacteria N 0 (2) can be modified as formula.
- the equation (2) is plotted on a two-dimensional plane, the death curve shown in FIG. 5A is obtained, and the heat retention time D [] in which the number of microorganisms (viable bacteria number) N in the wastewater is reduced to 1/10 from the slope of the curve. min] (hereinafter also referred to as D value).
- a holding time D 1 4 minutes” stipulated in the Japanese Food Sanitation Law
- the method for inactivating waste water is a method for inactivating waste water A stored in a raw water tank 1, and maintaining the D 1 for a predetermined time while inputting the waste water A and heating it to a predetermined temperature ⁇ .
- predetermined sterilization level switching valve 15 that selectively connects the discharge passage 12 or the raw water tank 1 to the outlet of the heating device 5 is provided, the heating device 5 when connected to the discharge path 12 of the switching valve 15 at a predetermined holding time D 1 to Is heated to a high sterilization temperature ⁇ 1 to inactivate the input drainage A, and when the switching valve 15 is connected to the raw water tank 1, the raw water tank 1 is returned to the low sterilization temperature ⁇ 2 by the reflux of the output drainage F of the heating device 5. And the low sterilization temperature ⁇ 2 is maintained for at least the time D 2 during which the predetermined sterilization level is obtained, and the waste water in the raw water tank 1 is inactivated.
- the waste water inactivation system includes a raw water tank 1 for storing waste water A, a heating device 5 for holding waste water A and heating it to a predetermined temperature ⁇ and holding D 1 for a predetermined time, heating predetermined sterilization level is obtained the heating apparatus 5 at a predetermined holding time D 1 the outlet of the device 5 when connected to discharge path 12 of the switching valve 15 and the switching valve 15, selectively connects the discharge passage 12 or the raw water tank 1 Heating to the high sterilization temperature ⁇ 1 to inactivate the input waste water A, and heating the raw water tank 1 to the low sterilization temperature ⁇ 2 by recirculation of the output waste water F of the heating device 5 when the switching valve 15 is connected to the raw water tank 1. and in which the low sterilization temperature theta 2 comprising a control device 40 for inactivating the drainage of said predetermined sterilization level hold is time D 2 or more derived raw water tank 1.
- the control device 40 sets the high sterilization temperature ⁇ 1 at which a predetermined sterilization level is obtained, its retention time D 1 , and the retention time D at which the number of microorganisms in the waste water A is sterilized to 1/10.
- Storage means 45 for storing the rising temperature Z for shortening, and calculation means for obtaining a holding time D 2 at which a predetermined sterilization level is obtained at the low sterilization temperature ⁇ 2 from the holding time D 1 and the rising temperature Z are included.
- the switching valve 15 is connected to the raw water tank 1, it is desirable to heat the entire inside including the gas phase portion of the raw water tank 1 to the low sterilization temperature ⁇ 2 or more by the reflux of the output drainage F of the heating device 5.
- a high-temperature channel 13 through which the output drainage F of the heating device 5 passes and a low-temperature channel 14 through which the input drainage A of the heating device 5 passes.
- a preheater 11 that raises the temperature of the input drainage A of the low temperature channel 14 by the output drainage F of the high temperature channel 13, and a switching valve 15 is provided between the outlet of the heating device 5 and the preheater 11.
- an input selection valve 20 that is selectively connected to the raw water tank 1 or the cleaning liquid tank 30 is provided at the inlet of the low temperature flow path 14 of the preheater 11, and the discharge flow path 12, the original flow path is provided at the outlet of the high temperature flow path 13 of the preheater 11.
- An output selection valve 25 that is selectively connected to the water tank 1 or the cleaning liquid tank 30 is provided, and the control device 40 switches the switching valve 15 to the discharge channel 12 after the inactivation of the waste water in the raw water tank 1 and the inlet selection valve 20 and connect the outlet selection valve 25 in each cleaning liquid tank 30 is refluxed to the washing liquid I in the system, the heating device 5 the high sterilization temperature ⁇ respectively the raw water tank 1 and the inlet selection valve 20 and outlet selection valve 25 After heating to 1 Switching to the discharge channel 12 resumes inactivation of the input drainage A.
- a switching valve 15 for selectively connecting the drainage F to the discharge channel 12 is provided.
- the switching valve 15 is connected to the discharge channel 12
- the drainage A is input from the raw water tank 1 to the heating device 5, and the heating device 5 is controlled by the control device 40.
- the output drainage F of the heating device 5 is circulated when the switching valve 15 is connected to the raw water tank 1.
- the raw water tank 1 so inactivate the effluent of the control unit 40 by the low sterilization temperature theta 2 to hold a predetermined sterilization level is obtained time D 2 or the raw water tank 1 while heating to low sterilization temperatures theta 2 by,
- waste water F By sterilizing waste water F output from the heating device 5 to the raw water tank 1 and heating the raw water tank 1, not only the waste water A sent to the heating device 5, but also the raw water tank 1 and its interior The waste water A can also be inactivated by heat sterilization.
- B Since the waste water A remaining in the raw water tank 1 is refluxed with the heating device 5 to heat the raw water tank 1, the raw water tank 1 can be economically produced at a relatively low running cost without using a new heat source. Can be heat sterilized.
- C Since it is not necessary for the raw water tank 1 to have a structure capable of withstanding high temperatures and high pressures when heated, the raw water tank 1 can have a reasonable and inexpensive structure such as a resin water tank or a panel tank.
- the heating temperature ⁇ 2 of the raw water tank 1 is kept lower than the heating temperature ⁇ 1 of the heating device 5, and the heating and holding time D 2 of the raw water tank 1 is compared with the heating and holding time D 1 of the heating device 5. By making it longer, the relatively large raw water tank 1 can be heat sterilized to the same sterilization level with the temperature rising energy of the relatively small heating device 5.
- E By heating the raw water tank 1 by recirculation of the output waste water F of the heating device 5, not only the waste water A in the raw water tank 1 but also the entire inner side including the gas phase portion with the vaporized vapor is low sterilization temperature ⁇ 2 or more The whole raw water tank 1 can be reliably brought to a predetermined sterilization level.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a flow chart illustrating an inactivation method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 are the schematic blocks which show an example of the heat-sterilization system of a prior art.
- D value of the death curve (the figure (A)) in a general heat sterilization model, and Z value of the heat resistance curve (the figure (B)).
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the inactivation system of the present invention is applied to wastewater A from an influenza vaccine pharmaceutical factory.
- the inactivation system of the illustrated example in this case is a raw water tank 1 for storing a microorganism-containing waste water A containing influenza virus, and the waste water A is input and heated to the required sterilization temperature ⁇ while maintaining a predetermined time D 1 for inactivation.
- a heating device 5 that performs switching, a switching valve 15 that selectively connects the outlet of the heating device 5 to the discharge channel 12 or the raw water tank 1, and a control device 40 that controls the sterilization temperature ⁇ of the heating device 5 and the switching of the switching valve 15. And have.
- Heating device 5 similar to FIG.
- a holding tube 7 such as a holding tube can be used.
- the illustrated control device 40 is connected to a thermometer 8 that detects the outlet temperature of the heater 6 and a control valve 10 that adjusts the flow rate of the steam G supplied to the heater 6.
- the sterilization temperature ⁇ of the heater 6 can be controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the flow control valve 10 according to the detected temperature.
- An example of the switching valve 15 is a device comprising a pair of on-off valves 16 and 17, and closes or opens the valve 17 when the valve 16 is opened or closed.
- the inactivation system of the example of illustration shows between the raw
- a preheater 11 is provided, and a switching valve 15 is provided between the preheater 11 and the outlet of the heating device 5.
- the heat transfer (heat exchange) between the high-temperature channel 13 and the low-temperature channel 14 of the preheater 11 reduces the energy required for heating the input drainage A and cooling the output drainage F in the entire system, thereby reducing running costs. It can be kept low.
- the illustrated example shows the preheater 11 having a single-stage configuration
- the preheater 11a in FIG. , 11b, or a preheater having three or more stages (arbitrary number of stages) can be used.
- the waste water A in the raw water tank 1 is 30 ° C.
- the input temperature of the heater 6 is 120 ° C.
- the sterilization temperature (output temperature) ⁇ by the heater 6 is 135 ° C.
- the discharge temperature of the discharge channel 12 is 45 ° C.
- the preheaters 11 a and 11 b are configured in two stages as in FIG. 4, and the ratio ⁇ T 2 in each preheater 11 a and 11 b is set.
- the occurrence of uneven temperature distribution is prevented by setting / ⁇ T 1 to 4 or less, preferably about 3.
- the ratio ⁇ T in the preheater 11b is configured to be 90 ° C. and 75 ° C., respectively, in the temperature condition described above.
- any preheater can prevent occurrence of temperature distribution unevenness.
- Any preheater can prevent occurrence of temperature distribution unevenness.
- the switching valve 15 is connected to the discharge flow path 12 by the control device 40, and the required time D 1 is maintained in the holding pipe 7.
- predetermined sterilization level e.g. number of microorganisms after sterilization with respect to the initial number of living bacteria N 0 (viable count)
- the sterilization temperature ⁇ 1 of the heater 6 is set by the control device 40 (see steps S204 to S207 in FIG. 3).
- Sterilization level can be secured.
- the waste water A is supplied from the raw water tank 1 to the heating device 5 via the preheater 11, and the waste water A input to the heating device 5 is heated to the sterilization temperature ⁇ 1.
- inactivated by a predetermined time D 1 holds, the inactivated sterile drainage F sent to effluent line 12 via the switching valve 15 and the preheater 11, which discharged into e.g. outside of the system under canals.
- the control valve 40 switches the switching valve 15 to the raw water tank 1 while maintaining the supply of the drainage A from the raw water tank 1 to the heating device 5.
- the raw water tank 1 is heated to a relatively low sterilization temperature ⁇ 2 by returning the output waste water F (sterilized waste water F) of the apparatus 5 to the raw water tank 1.
- the control device 40 reduces the relatively high sterilization temperature ⁇ 1 and holding time D 1 of the heating device 5 and the holding time D for sterilizing the number of microorganisms in the waste water A to 1/10.
- the control device 40 is a computer provided with storage means 45 and calculation means 46, and the storage means 45 includes a high sterilization temperature ⁇ 1 and a holding time D 1 of the heating device 5 and microorganisms in the waste water A (in the illustrated example, influenza virus). ) And the holding time D 2 at which a sterilization level similar to that of the heating device 5 is obtained at the sterilization temperature ⁇ 2 of the raw water tank 1 is calculated by the calculation means 46 based on the above-described equation (4).
- the raw water tank 1 By heating the raw water tank 1 by refluxing the high temperature output waste water F from the heating device 5, not only the waste water A in the raw water tank 1 but also the entire inner side including the gas phase portion of the raw water tank 1 by the vaporized vapor has a low sterilization temperature. It can be set to (theta) 2 or more, and generation
- a time for vapor to volatilize and flow around the entire gas phase portion of the raw water tank 1 is secured, and the entire inside is set to the low sterilization temperature ⁇ 2 or more, and the above-mentioned after the wrapping time elapses.
- thermometer 18 attached to the gas phase of the raw water tank 1 ensure that the thermometer 18 detects that the raw water tank 1 is heated to the sterilization temperature theta 2, the retention time D 2 as described above after the detection To the required sterilization level.
- Controller of FIG. 1 40 a thermometer 18a attached at multiple sites including the gas phase of the raw water tank 1 is connected to the 18b, any of the thermometer 18a, when 18b also becomes sterilization temperature theta 2 or more raw water tank 1 is detected to have been heated to the sterilization temperature theta 2.
- the present invention does not necessarily require a plurality of thermometers 18.
- thermometer 18 it is sufficient to use a single thermometer 18 attached to an inner portion where the steam of the raw water tank 1 is most difficult to go around, or the vapor phase of the raw water tank 1.
- the thermometer 18 can be omitted if the time for the steam to flow around the entire part is obtained in advance.
- the reflux of the output waste water F from the heating device 5 is stopped and the raw water tank 1 is inspected / opened / repaired. (See step S215 in FIG. 3).
- the switching valve 15 is connected to the discharge passage 12 by the control device 40 as described above, and the heater 6 is connected to the sterilization temperature ⁇ . 1 and the supply of the waste water A from the raw water tank 1 to the heating device 5 is resumed.
- the raw water tank 1 by returning the output waste water F of the heating device 5 to the raw water tank 1, not only the waste water A input from the raw water tank 1 to the heating device 5, but also the raw water tank 1 and the waste water A therein. It can be heat sterilized. Moreover, since the raw
- the raw water tank 1 can be inactivated to a sterilization level similar to that of the heating device 5 while keeping the temperature-elevating energy low. Therefore, the raw water tank 1 does not need to have a structure capable of withstanding high temperatures and high pressures, and the raw water tank 1 having a reasonable and inexpensive structure such as a resin water tank or a panel tank can be used.
- the cleaning liquid tank 30 for storing the cleaning liquid I is provided similarly to the case of FIG. 4, and the inlet of the low-temperature channel 14 of the preheater 11 is selectively connected to the raw water tank 1 or the cleaning liquid tank 30.
- An inlet selection valve 20 to be connected and an outlet selection valve 25 for selectively connecting the outlet of the high-temperature channel 13 of the preheater 11 to the discharge channel 12, the raw water tank 1 or the cleaning liquid tank 30 are provided. Switching of the valve 20 and the outlet selection valve 25 can be controlled.
- the inlet selection valve 20 is switched to the cleaning liquid tank 30 and the outlet selection valve 25 is switched to the raw water tank 1.
- Residual wastewater in the system is pushed out to the raw water tank 1, and the outlet selection valve 25 is connected to the cleaning liquid tank 30 to recirculate and circulate the cleaning liquid I in the system. Can be washed.
- the inlet selection valve 20 and the outlet selection valve 25 are connected to the cleaning liquid tank 30 to recirculate the cleaning liquid I into the system.
- the heating device 5 is switched while retaining a high sterilization temperature theta 1 inlet selection valve 20 and outlet selection valve 25 to the raw water tank 1 and discharged path 12 respectively to resume at inactivation treatment of waste water a, It becomes possible to easily restart the inactivation process of the waste water A from the heat sterilization process of the raw water tank 1.
- step S201 the switching valve 15 is connected to the discharge flow path 12, and the inlet selection valve 20 and the outlet selection valve 25 are connected to the cleaning liquid tank 30, respectively. ⁇ Circulate.
- sodium hydroxide and nitric acid or inorganic acid such as sulfamic acid or organic acid such as citric acid
- the cleaning liquid I is supplied from the cleaning liquid tank 30 to the inlet selection valve 20, the pump 3, and the flow rate control.
- the cleaning liquid I output from the heating apparatus 5 is returned to the cleaning liquid tank 30 via the switching valve 15, the preheater 11, and the output selection valve 25, and then returned to the cleaning liquid tank 30 through the heater 4 and the preheater 11. It was circulated.
- the thermometer The circulation of the cleaning liquid I was continued while detecting the outlet temperature of the heater 6 by 8 with the control device 40. When detecting that the outlet temperature of the heater 6 is insufficient, the process returns from step S203 to step S202, and the temperature of the cleaning liquid I is adjusted by opening and closing the steam flow rate control valve 10.
- step S204 the inlet selection valve 20 is switched to the raw water tank 1 and the output selection valve 25 is switched to the discharge channel 12.
- step S207 it is determined whether or not the inactivation process of the waste water A is to be terminated. If the inactivation process is to be continued, the process returns to step S205 and the inflow of the waste water A is continued.
- step S206 If any abnormality occurs during the inactivation process of the waste water A, and insufficient heating is detected in step S206, the process proceeds to step 208 to investigate and repair the cause of the inadequate heating. It is determined whether opening is necessary (whether sterilization of the raw water tank 1 is necessary). If sterilization of the raw water tank 1 is not required, the process proceeds to step S209, the valve 21 of the inlet selection valve 20 is closed to stop the inflow of the drainage A, and the valve 26 of the outlet selection valve 25 is closed to drain the water A. Stop the release of the outside of the system. Next, in step S210, as in the case of FIG.
- valve 22 of the inlet selection valve 20 is opened to feed the cleaning liquid I into the system, and the valve 27 of the outlet selection valve 25 is opened to leave the remaining waste water in the system. Is pushed out to the raw water tank 1, and the process returns to step S201, where the outlet selection valve 25 is connected to the cleaning liquid tank 30, and the cleaning liquid I is refluxed and circulated in the system.
- step S208 When it is determined in step S208 that inspection / opening of the raw water tank 1 is necessary, the process proceeds to step S211, where the heating device 5 described above has a relatively high sterilization temperature ⁇ 1 and its holding time D 1 and microorganisms in the waste water A.
- the raw water tank 1 is similar to the heating device 5 from the rising temperature Z (Z value of the above-mentioned formula (3)) for shortening the holding time D, which is sterilized to 1/10, to 1/10.
- steps S212 to 214 the switching valve 15 is switched to the raw water tank 1 while maintaining the supply of the waste water A from the raw water tank 1 to the heating device 5, and the output waste water F of the heating device 5 is returned to the raw water tank 1 to return to the raw water tank 1.
- the raw water tank 1 and the waste water A therein are inactivated to a predetermined sterilization level.
- step S215 After the raw water tank 1 is heat sterilized to a predetermined level, in step S215, the return of the drainage A is stopped and the raw water tank 1 is opened, inspected and repaired, and then the process returns to step S201 and the inlet selection valve 20 and the outlet selection valve 25 are set.
- the cleaning liquid I is refluxed and circulated in the system by connecting to the cleaning liquid tank 30 respectively.
- the raw water tank 1 returns from the heat sterilization process (steps S211 to S215) to step 201, and further repeats steps S201 to 206 to resume the wastewater A in the sterilized wastewater F discharged after restarting the inactivation process of the drainage A.
- steps S211 to S215 the number of bacteria was measured, it was confirmed that 6-digit sterilization of the drainage A was secured. That is, if the inactivation process of the waste water A is resumed while filling the system with the cleaning liquid I after the heat sterilization process of the raw water tank 1 according to the flowchart of FIG. It was confirmed that it was extremely effective for resuming the inactivation treatment of the waste water A while ensuring 6-digit sterilization.
- step 207 When the inactivation process of the drainage A is finished in step 207, the inflow of the drainage A is stopped by the inlet selection valve 20 and the discharge of the drainage F to the outside of the system is stopped by the outlet selection valve 25, but the inactivation process is stopped.
- the inlet selection valve 20 and the outlet selection valve 25 can be connected to the cleaning liquid tank 30, respectively, so that the cleaning liquid I can be refluxed and circulated in the in-system piping at rest.
- Cleaning liquid concentration control device 33 Concentration meter (conductivity meter) 34, 35 ... Flow control valve 40 . Control device 41 ... Sterilization control device 42 ... Heating control device 43 ... pH adjustment device 45 ... Storage means 46 ... Calculation means A ... Drainage B, C ... Temperature rising wastewater E ... High temperature wastewater F ... Sterilized drainage G ... Steam H ... Effluent water I ... Cleaning solution W ... Dilution water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
log(N/N0)=-(k/2.303)t=-(1/D)t ……(2)
log(D)=-(1/Z)θ+C ……………………………………(3)
log(D1/D2)=-(θ1-θ2)/Z ……………………………(4)
(ロ)また、原水槽1に残った排水Aを加熱装置5との間で還流させて原水槽1を加熱するので、新たな熱源を用いることなく比較的小さなランニングコストで原水槽1を経済的に加熱滅菌処理することができる。
(ハ)加熱するに際して原水槽1を高温・高圧に耐えられる構造とする必要がないので、原水槽1を例えば樹脂水槽、パネルタンク等の合理的で安価な構造とすることができる。
(ニ)原水槽1の加熱温度θ2を加熱装置5の加熱温度θ1に比して低く抑え、原水槽1の加熱保持時間D2を加熱装置5の加熱保持時間D1に比して長くすることにより、比較的小さな加熱装置5の昇温エネルギーで比較的大きな原水槽1を同様の滅菌レベルまで加熱滅菌処理することができる。
(ホ)加熱装置5の出力排水Fの還流によって原水槽1を加熱することにより、原水槽1内の排水Aだけでなく揮発する蒸気で気相部を含む内側全体を低滅菌温度θ2以上に加熱することができ、原水槽1の全体を確実に所定滅菌レベルとすることができる。
(ヘ)原水槽1の滅菌処理終了後に系内配管に洗浄液を充填して循環させ、その洗浄液を加熱装置で所定温度θに加熱しながら原水槽1の排水Aと置き換えることにより、排水Aの不活化処理を容易に再開することができる。
液相部、気相部、及び複数のノズル部の各々にそれぞれ温度計18を取り付けた原水槽1(全容積27.5m3、有効容積20m3)に約8m3の排水Aを貯え、その原水槽1から加熱装置5に供給して滅菌温度θ1=96℃、保持時間D1=30秒で不活化処理された出力排水Fを原水槽1に還流させ、その還流開始後の原水槽1の各部位における温度計18の経時的温度変化を計測する実験を行った。実験結果を図2のグラフに示す。図2のグラフは、原水槽1の液相部(排水A)は排水Fの還流開始後約8.5時間で目的温度=80℃に達するのに対し、原水槽1の気相部及びノズルの一部分が目的温度=80℃に達するには排水Fの還流開始後約25時間が必要であることを示している。この実験結果から、原水槽1の気相部は温度がとくに上昇しにくく、原水槽1内の加熱不足部位の発生を避けるためには原水槽1の気相部に温度計18を取り付けて温度を検知することが有効であることを確認できた。或いは図2のグラフから、排水Fの還流を開始したのち25時間を確保すれば、原水槽1の内側全体に蒸気を回り込ませて低滅菌温度θ2以上とすることができるので、温度計18を省略できることを確認できた。
3…ポンプ 4…流量調節器
5…加熱装置 6…加熱器
7…保持管 8…温度計
9…圧力計 10…流量制御弁
11…予熱器 11a…第一予熱器
11b…第二予熱器 12…放流路
13…高温流路 14…低温流路
15…切替弁 16、17…開閉弁
18a、18b…温度計 20…入口選択弁
21、22…開閉弁 25…出口選択弁
26、27、28…開閉弁 30…洗浄液槽
31…洗浄液(水酸化ナトリウム)貯蔵タンク
32…洗浄液濃度制御装置 33…濃度計(導電率計)
34、35…流量制御弁
40…制御装置 41…滅菌制御装置
42…加熱制御装置 43…pH調整装置
45…記憶手段 46…算出手段
A…排水 B、C…昇温排水
E…高温排水 F…滅菌済排水
G…蒸気 H…放流水
I…洗浄液 W…希釈水
Claims (10)
- 原水槽に貯えた排水を不活化する方法において、前記排水を入力して所定温度に加熱しつつ所定時間D1保持する加熱装置の出口に放流路又は原水槽へ選択的に接続する切替弁を設け、前記切替弁の放流路への接続時に加熱装置を所定保持時間D1で所定滅菌レベルが得られる高滅菌温度θ1に加熱して入力排水を不活化し、前記切替弁の原水槽への接続時に加熱装置の出力排水の還流により原水槽を低滅菌温度θ2に加熱し且つその低滅菌温度θ2を前記所定滅菌レベルが得られる時間D2以上保持して原水槽内の排水を不活化してなる排水の不活化方法。
- 請求項1の不活化方法において、前記低滅菌温度θ2で所定滅菌レベルが得られる保持時間D2を、前記所定滅菌レベルが得られる高滅菌温度θ1及びその保持時間D1と、前記排水中の微生物数が10分の1に滅菌される保持時間Dを10分の1に短縮するための上昇温度Zとから求めてなる排水の不活化方法。
- 請求項1又は2の不活化方法において、前記切替弁の原水槽への接続時に加熱装置の出力排水の還流により原水槽の気相部を含む内側全体を低滅菌温度θ2以上に加熱してなる排水の不活化方法。
- 請求項1から3の何れかの不活化方法において、前記原水槽と加熱装置との間に、前記加熱装置の出力排水を通す高温流路と加熱装置の入力排水を通す低温流路とを有し且つ高温流路の出力排水で低温流路の入力排水を昇温する予熱器を設け、前記切替弁を加熱装置の出口と予熱器との間に設けてなる排水の不活化方法。
- 請求項4の不活化方法において、前記予熱器の低温流路の入口に原水槽又は洗浄液槽へ選択的に接続する入力選択弁を設け、前記予熱器の高温流路の出口に放流路、原水槽又は洗浄液槽へ選択的に接続する出力選択弁を設け、前記原水槽内の排水の不活化終了後に切替弁を放流路に切り替えると共に入口選択弁及び出口選択弁をそれぞれ洗浄液槽に接続してシステム内に洗浄液を還流させ、前記加熱装置を高滅菌温度θ1に加熱したのち入口選択弁及び出口選択弁をそれぞれ原水槽及び放流路に切替えて入力排水の不活化を再開してなる排水の不活化方法。
- 排水を貯える原水槽、前記排水を入力して所定温度に加熱しつつ所定時間D1保持する加熱装置、前記加熱装置の出口を放流路又は原水槽へ選択的に接続する切替弁、及び前記切替弁の放流路への接続時に加熱装置を所定保持時間D1で所定滅菌レベルが得られる高滅菌温度θ1に加熱して入力排水を不活化し、前記切替弁の原水槽への接続時に加熱装置の出力排水の還流により原水槽を低滅菌温度θ2に加熱し且つその低滅菌温度θ2を前記所定滅菌レベルが得られる時間D2以上保持して原水槽内の排水を不活化する制御装置を備えてなる排水の不活化システム。
- 請求項6の不活化システムにおいて、前記制御装置に、前記所定滅菌レベルが得られる高滅菌温度θ1及びその保持時間D1と前記排水中の微生物数が10分の1に滅菌される保持時間Dを10分の1に短縮するための上昇温度Zとを記憶する記憶手段、及びその保持時間D1と上昇温度Zとから前記低滅菌温度θ2で所定滅菌レベルが得られる保持時間D2を求める算出手段を含めてなる排水の不活化システム。
- 請求項6又は7の不活化システムにおいて、前記切替弁の原水槽への接続時に加熱装置の出力排水の還流により原水槽の気相部を含む内側全体を低滅菌温度θ2以上に加熱してなる排水の不活化システム。
- 請求項6から8の何れかの不活化システムにおいて、前記原水槽と加熱装置との間に、前記加熱装置の出力排水を通す高温流路と加熱装置の入力排水を通す低温流路とを有し且つ高温流路の出力排水で低温流路の入力排水を昇温する予熱器を設け、前記切替弁を加熱装置の出口と予熱器との間に設けてなる排水の不活化システム。
- 請求項9の不活化システムにおいて、前記予熱器の低温流路の入口に原水槽又は洗浄液槽へ選択的に接続する入力選択弁を設け、前記予熱器の高温流路の出口に放流路、原水槽又は洗浄液槽へ選択的に接続する出力選択弁を設け、前記制御装置により、前記原水槽内の排水の不活化終了後に切替弁を放流路に切り替えると共に入口選択弁及び出口選択弁をそれぞれ洗浄液槽に接続してシステム内に洗浄液を還流させ、前記加熱装置を高滅菌温度θ1に加熱したのち入口選択弁及び出口選択弁をそれぞれ原水槽及び放流路に切替えて入力排水の不活化を再開してなる排水の不活化システム。
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JP2020162995A (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 三機工業株式会社 | 連続滅菌装置及び連続滅菌方法 |
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